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#spatiotemporal — Public Fediverse posts

Live and recent posts from across the Fediverse tagged #spatiotemporal, aggregated by home.social.

  1. 💧🌏 Greg Cocks @[email protected] ·

    To Predict Tree Death, Scientists Tapped Gamma Rays To Peer Underground
    (Airborne radiation sensors could help forecast and prevent drought-driven tree mortality_
    --
    science.org/content/article/pr <-- shared technical article
    --
    doi.org/10.1029/2026GL122182 <-- shared paper
    --
    H/T @hannah Richter
    “Over an 18-month period starting in 2023, the dense forests of Western Australia [WA] experienced a record-setting drought. Jarrah trees towering 35 metres high died off in patchy brown splotches, turning 400 square kilometres - 3% of the forest - into brittle, fire-prone stands. The event led researchers to wonder whether there was a better way to predict where such die-offs might occur both there and in other forests, a problem that has long been tricky to solve because important factors such as soil depth are hidden underground…
    Now, those same researchers have unveiled a surprising new tool for predicting tree mortality: gamma rays [link above.] Resulting from the natural decay of the potassium-40 isotope from granite-rich bedrock, the radiation acts as a proxy for soil depth, which in turn signals how much water a tree can access during drought. The new method could be applied to other highly weathered soils, which cover one-third of Earth’s ice-free land...”
    --
    "... PLAIN LANGUAGE SUMMARY: During a record-breaking drought and heat event in 2023–2024, forests in southwestern Australia experienced widespread, patchy die-off. While we know that extreme weather triggers these events, it is often a hidden factor, the thickness of soil and the depth to underlying bedrock, that determines which trees live or die. Trees growing in shallow soil over solid rock are highly vulnerable due to limited water storage. Here, [they] show how to map these hidden zones from the air using gamma rays that are naturally emitted by potassium in the ground. Like southwestern Australia, many parts of the world have highly weathered soils where potassium has been washed out of the upper layers of soil. However, [they] showed that higher potassium areas signal that potassium-rich bedrock is closer to the surface and this is sensitive for tens of meters. By comparing gamma ray maps with ground-based geophysical surveys and satellite data, [they] showed that these potassium hotspots accurately predict where forests are most likely to experience die-off during a drought. These types of soils cover about one-third of the Earth's land, so the method provides a powerful new tool for managers to identify and protect vulnerable forests from future, hotter droughts…”
    #GIS #spatial #mapping #spatialanalysis #spatiotemporal #Australia #WesternAustralia #WA #forests #vegetation #bush #jarrah #karri #drought #heat #extremedrought #extremeweather #climatechange #water #waterresources #dieoff #soil #weathering #erosion #moisture #nutrients #airborne #gammarays #GRS #granite #gneiss #bedrock #geology #potassium40 #potassium #K #remotesensing #earthobservation #groundwater #interstitial #subsurface #waterstorage #electricalresistivitytomography

    #gis #spatial #mapping #spatialanalysis #spatiotemporal #australia
  2. 💧🌏 Greg Cocks @[email protected] ·

    To Predict Tree Death, Scientists Tapped Gamma Rays To Peer Underground
    (Airborne radiation sensors could help forecast and prevent drought-driven tree mortality_
    --
    science.org/content/article/pr <-- shared technical article
    --
    doi.org/10.1029/2026GL122182 <-- shared paper
    --
    H/T @hannah Richter
    “Over an 18-month period starting in 2023, the dense forests of Western Australia [WA] experienced a record-setting drought. Jarrah trees towering 35 metres high died off in patchy brown splotches, turning 400 square kilometres - 3% of the forest - into brittle, fire-prone stands. The event led researchers to wonder whether there was a better way to predict where such die-offs might occur both there and in other forests, a problem that has long been tricky to solve because important factors such as soil depth are hidden underground…
    Now, those same researchers have unveiled a surprising new tool for predicting tree mortality: gamma rays [link above.] Resulting from the natural decay of the potassium-40 isotope from granite-rich bedrock, the radiation acts as a proxy for soil depth, which in turn signals how much water a tree can access during drought. The new method could be applied to other highly weathered soils, which cover one-third of Earth’s ice-free land...”
    --
    "... PLAIN LANGUAGE SUMMARY: During a record-breaking drought and heat event in 2023–2024, forests in southwestern Australia experienced widespread, patchy die-off. While we know that extreme weather triggers these events, it is often a hidden factor, the thickness of soil and the depth to underlying bedrock, that determines which trees live or die. Trees growing in shallow soil over solid rock are highly vulnerable due to limited water storage. Here, [they] show how to map these hidden zones from the air using gamma rays that are naturally emitted by potassium in the ground. Like southwestern Australia, many parts of the world have highly weathered soils where potassium has been washed out of the upper layers of soil. However, [they] showed that higher potassium areas signal that potassium-rich bedrock is closer to the surface and this is sensitive for tens of meters. By comparing gamma ray maps with ground-based geophysical surveys and satellite data, [they] showed that these potassium hotspots accurately predict where forests are most likely to experience die-off during a drought. These types of soils cover about one-third of the Earth's land, so the method provides a powerful new tool for managers to identify and protect vulnerable forests from future, hotter droughts…”
    #GIS #spatial #mapping #spatialanalysis #spatiotemporal #Australia #WesternAustralia #WA #forests #vegetation #bush #jarrah #karri #drought #heat #extremedrought #extremeweather #climatechange #water #waterresources #dieoff #soil #weathering #erosion #moisture #nutrients #airborne #gammarays #GRS #granite #gneiss #bedrock #geology #potassium40 #potassium #K #remotesensing #earthobservation #groundwater #interstitial #subsurface #waterstorage #electricalresistivitytomography

    #gis #spatial #mapping #spatialanalysis #spatiotemporal #australia
  3. 💧🌏 Greg Cocks @[email protected] ·

    To Predict Tree Death, Scientists Tapped Gamma Rays To Peer Underground
    (Airborne radiation sensors could help forecast and prevent drought-driven tree mortality_
    --
    science.org/content/article/pr <-- shared technical article
    --
    doi.org/10.1029/2026GL122182 <-- shared paper
    --
    H/T @hannah Richter
    “Over an 18-month period starting in 2023, the dense forests of Western Australia [WA] experienced a record-setting drought. Jarrah trees towering 35 metres high died off in patchy brown splotches, turning 400 square kilometres - 3% of the forest - into brittle, fire-prone stands. The event led researchers to wonder whether there was a better way to predict where such die-offs might occur both there and in other forests, a problem that has long been tricky to solve because important factors such as soil depth are hidden underground…
    Now, those same researchers have unveiled a surprising new tool for predicting tree mortality: gamma rays [link above.] Resulting from the natural decay of the potassium-40 isotope from granite-rich bedrock, the radiation acts as a proxy for soil depth, which in turn signals how much water a tree can access during drought. The new method could be applied to other highly weathered soils, which cover one-third of Earth’s ice-free land...”
    --
    "... PLAIN LANGUAGE SUMMARY: During a record-breaking drought and heat event in 2023–2024, forests in southwestern Australia experienced widespread, patchy die-off. While we know that extreme weather triggers these events, it is often a hidden factor, the thickness of soil and the depth to underlying bedrock, that determines which trees live or die. Trees growing in shallow soil over solid rock are highly vulnerable due to limited water storage. Here, [they] show how to map these hidden zones from the air using gamma rays that are naturally emitted by potassium in the ground. Like southwestern Australia, many parts of the world have highly weathered soils where potassium has been washed out of the upper layers of soil. However, [they] showed that higher potassium areas signal that potassium-rich bedrock is closer to the surface and this is sensitive for tens of meters. By comparing gamma ray maps with ground-based geophysical surveys and satellite data, [they] showed that these potassium hotspots accurately predict where forests are most likely to experience die-off during a drought. These types of soils cover about one-third of the Earth's land, so the method provides a powerful new tool for managers to identify and protect vulnerable forests from future, hotter droughts…”
    #GIS #spatial #mapping #spatialanalysis #spatiotemporal #Australia #WesternAustralia #WA #forests #vegetation #bush #jarrah #karri #drought #heat #extremedrought #extremeweather #climatechange #water #waterresources #dieoff #soil #weathering #erosion #moisture #nutrients #airborne #gammarays #GRS #granite #gneiss #bedrock #geology #potassium40 #potassium #K #remotesensing #earthobservation #groundwater #interstitial #subsurface #waterstorage #electricalresistivitytomography

    #electricalresistivitytomography #waterstorage #subsurface #interstitial #groundwater #earthobservation
  4. 💧🌏 Greg Cocks @GregCocks ·

    To Predict Tree Death, Scientists Tapped Gamma Rays To Peer Underground
    (Airborne radiation sensors could help forecast and prevent drought-driven tree mortality_
    --
    science.org/content/article/pr <-- shared technical article
    --
    doi.org/10.1029/2026GL122182 <-- shared paper
    --
    H/T @hannah Richter
    “Over an 18-month period starting in 2023, the dense forests of Western Australia [WA] experienced a record-setting drought. Jarrah trees towering 35 metres high died off in patchy brown splotches, turning 400 square kilometres - 3% of the forest - into brittle, fire-prone stands. The event led researchers to wonder whether there was a better way to predict where such die-offs might occur both there and in other forests, a problem that has long been tricky to solve because important factors such as soil depth are hidden underground…
    Now, those same researchers have unveiled a surprising new tool for predicting tree mortality: gamma rays [link above.] Resulting from the natural decay of the potassium-40 isotope from granite-rich bedrock, the radiation acts as a proxy for soil depth, which in turn signals how much water a tree can access during drought. The new method could be applied to other highly weathered soils, which cover one-third of Earth’s ice-free land...”
    --
    "... PLAIN LANGUAGE SUMMARY: During a record-breaking drought and heat event in 2023–2024, forests in southwestern Australia experienced widespread, patchy die-off. While we know that extreme weather triggers these events, it is often a hidden factor, the thickness of soil and the depth to underlying bedrock, that determines which trees live or die. Trees growing in shallow soil over solid rock are highly vulnerable due to limited water storage. Here, [they] show how to map these hidden zones from the air using gamma rays that are naturally emitted by potassium in the ground. Like southwestern Australia, many parts of the world have highly weathered soils where potassium has been washed out of the upper layers of soil. However, [they] showed that higher potassium areas signal that potassium-rich bedrock is closer to the surface and this is sensitive for tens of meters. By comparing gamma ray maps with ground-based geophysical surveys and satellite data, [they] showed that these potassium hotspots accurately predict where forests are most likely to experience die-off during a drought. These types of soils cover about one-third of the Earth's land, so the method provides a powerful new tool for managers to identify and protect vulnerable forests from future, hotter droughts…”

    #gis #spatial #mapping #spatialanalysis #spatiotemporal #australia
  5. 💧🌏 Greg Cocks @[email protected] ·

    To Predict Tree Death, Scientists Tapped Gamma Rays To Peer Underground
    (Airborne radiation sensors could help forecast and prevent drought-driven tree mortality_
    --
    science.org/content/article/pr <-- shared technical article
    --
    doi.org/10.1029/2026GL122182 <-- shared paper
    --
    H/T @hannah Richter
    “Over an 18-month period starting in 2023, the dense forests of Western Australia [WA] experienced a record-setting drought. Jarrah trees towering 35 metres high died off in patchy brown splotches, turning 400 square kilometres - 3% of the forest - into brittle, fire-prone stands. The event led researchers to wonder whether there was a better way to predict where such die-offs might occur both there and in other forests, a problem that has long been tricky to solve because important factors such as soil depth are hidden underground…
    Now, those same researchers have unveiled a surprising new tool for predicting tree mortality: gamma rays [link above.] Resulting from the natural decay of the potassium-40 isotope from granite-rich bedrock, the radiation acts as a proxy for soil depth, which in turn signals how much water a tree can access during drought. The new method could be applied to other highly weathered soils, which cover one-third of Earth’s ice-free land...”
    --
    "... PLAIN LANGUAGE SUMMARY: During a record-breaking drought and heat event in 2023–2024, forests in southwestern Australia experienced widespread, patchy die-off. While we know that extreme weather triggers these events, it is often a hidden factor, the thickness of soil and the depth to underlying bedrock, that determines which trees live or die. Trees growing in shallow soil over solid rock are highly vulnerable due to limited water storage. Here, [they] show how to map these hidden zones from the air using gamma rays that are naturally emitted by potassium in the ground. Like southwestern Australia, many parts of the world have highly weathered soils where potassium has been washed out of the upper layers of soil. However, [they] showed that higher potassium areas signal that potassium-rich bedrock is closer to the surface and this is sensitive for tens of meters. By comparing gamma ray maps with ground-based geophysical surveys and satellite data, [they] showed that these potassium hotspots accurately predict where forests are most likely to experience die-off during a drought. These types of soils cover about one-third of the Earth's land, so the method provides a powerful new tool for managers to identify and protect vulnerable forests from future, hotter droughts…”
    #GIS #spatial #mapping #spatialanalysis #spatiotemporal #Australia #WesternAustralia #WA #forests #vegetation #bush #jarrah #karri #drought #heat #extremedrought #extremeweather #climatechange #water #waterresources #dieoff #soil #weathering #erosion #moisture #nutrients #airborne #gammarays #GRS #granite #gneiss #bedrock #geology #potassium40 #potassium #K #remotesensing #earthobservation #groundwater #interstitial #subsurface #waterstorage #electricalresistivitytomography

    #gis #spatial #mapping #spatialanalysis #spatiotemporal #australia
  6. 💧🌏 Greg Cocks @[email protected] ·

    Rising Waters Swamp Lake Naivasha [Kenya] [earth observation]
    --
    science.nasa.gov/earth/earth-o <-- shared NASA 2026 technical article
    --
    africasacountry.com/2026/04/th <-- shared 2026 technical article
    --
    carrzee.org/wp-content/uploads <-- shared technical report
    --
    earth.gsfc.nasa.gov/gwm/lake/91 <-- shared charting, lake water levels
    --
    doi.org/10.11648/j.ajrs.201806 <-- shared 2018 paper, ‘An Assessment of the Role of Water Hyacinth in the Water Level Changes of Lake Naivasha Using GIS and Remote Sensing’
    --
    apnews.com/article/kenya-water <-- shared 2025 media article, ‘How the invasive water hyacinth is threatening fishermen’s livelihoods on … Kenyan [Lake Naivasha]…’
    --
    apnews.com/article/kenya-risin <-- shared 2025 media article
    --
    sei.org/features/revisiting-th <-- shared 2023 technical article
    --
    theguardian.com/world/2022/mar <-- shared 2022 media rticle
    --
    “Kenya's Lake Naivasha has long been a place of change and reinvention…
    Now the lake faces another major change: rapidly fluctuating water levels. The name Naivasha comes from a Maasai word meaning "that which heaves," an apt description of the freshwater lake over the past 25 years. Satellite altimetry measurements of the lake's depth indicate an increase of about 7 metres (23 feet) since 2010, roughly the height of a two-story building. Over the same period, Landsat observed a roughly 40 percent increase in the lake's area, adding 50 kilometres² (19 miles²) of water, equivalent to roughly 15 Central Parks.
    The human and economic toll of the rising water levels is considerable..”
    #Kenya #LakeNaivasha #Africa #water #hydrology #hydrography #risingwater #waterlevels #GIS #spatial #mapping #spatialanalysis #spatiotemporal #humanimpacts #farming #agriculture #infrastructure #damage #community #satellite #altimetry #economy #cost #impact #change #flood #flooding #innundation
    @nasa

    #kenya #lakenaivasha #africa #water #hydrology #hydrography
  7. 💧🌏 Greg Cocks @[email protected] ·

    Rising Waters Swamp Lake Naivasha [Kenya] [earth observation]
    --
    science.nasa.gov/earth/earth-o <-- shared NASA 2026 technical article
    --
    africasacountry.com/2026/04/th <-- shared 2026 technical article
    --
    carrzee.org/wp-content/uploads <-- shared technical report
    --
    earth.gsfc.nasa.gov/gwm/lake/91 <-- shared charting, lake water levels
    --
    doi.org/10.11648/j.ajrs.201806 <-- shared 2018 paper, ‘An Assessment of the Role of Water Hyacinth in the Water Level Changes of Lake Naivasha Using GIS and Remote Sensing’
    --
    apnews.com/article/kenya-water <-- shared 2025 media article, ‘How the invasive water hyacinth is threatening fishermen’s livelihoods on … Kenyan [Lake Naivasha]…’
    --
    apnews.com/article/kenya-risin <-- shared 2025 media article
    --
    sei.org/features/revisiting-th <-- shared 2023 technical article
    --
    theguardian.com/world/2022/mar <-- shared 2022 media rticle
    --
    “Kenya's Lake Naivasha has long been a place of change and reinvention…
    Now the lake faces another major change: rapidly fluctuating water levels. The name Naivasha comes from a Maasai word meaning "that which heaves," an apt description of the freshwater lake over the past 25 years. Satellite altimetry measurements of the lake's depth indicate an increase of about 7 metres (23 feet) since 2010, roughly the height of a two-story building. Over the same period, Landsat observed a roughly 40 percent increase in the lake's area, adding 50 kilometres² (19 miles²) of water, equivalent to roughly 15 Central Parks.
    The human and economic toll of the rising water levels is considerable..”
    #Kenya #LakeNaivasha #Africa #water #hydrology #hydrography #risingwater #waterlevels #GIS #spatial #mapping #spatialanalysis #spatiotemporal #humanimpacts #farming #agriculture #infrastructure #damage #community #satellite #altimetry #economy #cost #impact #change #flood #flooding #innundation
    @nasa

    #kenya #lakenaivasha #africa #water #hydrology #hydrography
  8. 💧🌏 Greg Cocks @[email protected] ·

    Rising Waters Swamp Lake Naivasha [Kenya] [earth observation]
    --
    science.nasa.gov/earth/earth-o <-- shared NASA 2026 technical article
    --
    africasacountry.com/2026/04/th <-- shared 2026 technical article
    --
    carrzee.org/wp-content/uploads <-- shared technical report
    --
    earth.gsfc.nasa.gov/gwm/lake/91 <-- shared charting, lake water levels
    --
    doi.org/10.11648/j.ajrs.201806 <-- shared 2018 paper, ‘An Assessment of the Role of Water Hyacinth in the Water Level Changes of Lake Naivasha Using GIS and Remote Sensing’
    --
    apnews.com/article/kenya-water <-- shared 2025 media article, ‘How the invasive water hyacinth is threatening fishermen’s livelihoods on … Kenyan [Lake Naivasha]…’
    --
    apnews.com/article/kenya-risin <-- shared 2025 media article
    --
    sei.org/features/revisiting-th <-- shared 2023 technical article
    --
    theguardian.com/world/2022/mar <-- shared 2022 media rticle
    --
    “Kenya's Lake Naivasha has long been a place of change and reinvention…
    Now the lake faces another major change: rapidly fluctuating water levels. The name Naivasha comes from a Maasai word meaning "that which heaves," an apt description of the freshwater lake over the past 25 years. Satellite altimetry measurements of the lake's depth indicate an increase of about 7 metres (23 feet) since 2010, roughly the height of a two-story building. Over the same period, Landsat observed a roughly 40 percent increase in the lake's area, adding 50 kilometres² (19 miles²) of water, equivalent to roughly 15 Central Parks.
    The human and economic toll of the rising water levels is considerable..”
    #Kenya #LakeNaivasha #Africa #water #hydrology #hydrography #risingwater #waterlevels #GIS #spatial #mapping #spatialanalysis #spatiotemporal #humanimpacts #farming #agriculture #infrastructure #damage #community #satellite #altimetry #economy #cost #impact #change #flood #flooding #innundation
    @nasa

    #kenya #lakenaivasha #africa #water #hydrology #hydrography
  9. 💧🌏 Greg Cocks @[email protected] ·

    Rising Waters Swamp Lake Naivasha [Kenya] [earth observation]
    --
    science.nasa.gov/earth/earth-o <-- shared NASA 2026 technical article
    --
    africasacountry.com/2026/04/th <-- shared 2026 technical article
    --
    carrzee.org/wp-content/uploads <-- shared technical report
    --
    earth.gsfc.nasa.gov/gwm/lake/91 <-- shared charting, lake water levels
    --
    doi.org/10.11648/j.ajrs.201806 <-- shared 2018 paper, ‘An Assessment of the Role of Water Hyacinth in the Water Level Changes of Lake Naivasha Using GIS and Remote Sensing’
    --
    apnews.com/article/kenya-water <-- shared 2025 media article, ‘How the invasive water hyacinth is threatening fishermen’s livelihoods on … Kenyan [Lake Naivasha]…’
    --
    apnews.com/article/kenya-risin <-- shared 2025 media article
    --
    sei.org/features/revisiting-th <-- shared 2023 technical article
    --
    theguardian.com/world/2022/mar <-- shared 2022 media rticle
    --
    “Kenya's Lake Naivasha has long been a place of change and reinvention…
    Now the lake faces another major change: rapidly fluctuating water levels. The name Naivasha comes from a Maasai word meaning "that which heaves," an apt description of the freshwater lake over the past 25 years. Satellite altimetry measurements of the lake's depth indicate an increase of about 7 metres (23 feet) since 2010, roughly the height of a two-story building. Over the same period, Landsat observed a roughly 40 percent increase in the lake's area, adding 50 kilometres² (19 miles²) of water, equivalent to roughly 15 Central Parks.
    The human and economic toll of the rising water levels is considerable..”
    #Kenya #LakeNaivasha #Africa #water #hydrology #hydrography #risingwater #waterlevels #GIS #spatial #mapping #spatialanalysis #spatiotemporal #humanimpacts #farming #agriculture #infrastructure #damage #community #satellite #altimetry #economy #cost #impact #change #flood #flooding #innundation
    @nasa

    #innundation #flooding #flood #change #impact #cost
  10. 💧🌏 Greg Cocks @GregCocks ·

    Rising Waters Swamp Lake Naivasha [Kenya] [earth observation]
    --
    science.nasa.gov/earth/earth-o <-- shared NASA 2026 technical article
    --
    africasacountry.com/2026/04/th <-- shared 2026 technical article
    --
    carrzee.org/wp-content/uploads <-- shared technical report
    --
    earth.gsfc.nasa.gov/gwm/lake/91 <-- shared charting, lake water levels
    --
    doi.org/10.11648/j.ajrs.201806 <-- shared 2018 paper, ‘An Assessment of the Role of Water Hyacinth in the Water Level Changes of Lake Naivasha Using GIS and Remote Sensing’
    --
    apnews.com/article/kenya-water <-- shared 2025 media article, ‘How the invasive water hyacinth is threatening fishermen’s livelihoods on … Kenyan [Lake Naivasha]…’
    --
    apnews.com/article/kenya-risin <-- shared 2025 media article
    --
    sei.org/features/revisiting-th <-- shared 2023 technical article
    --
    theguardian.com/world/2022/mar <-- shared 2022 media rticle
    --
    “Kenya's Lake Naivasha has long been a place of change and reinvention…
    Now the lake faces another major change: rapidly fluctuating water levels. The name Naivasha comes from a Maasai word meaning "that which heaves," an apt description of the freshwater lake over the past 25 years. Satellite altimetry measurements of the lake's depth indicate an increase of about 7 metres (23 feet) since 2010, roughly the height of a two-story building. Over the same period, Landsat observed a roughly 40 percent increase in the lake's area, adding 50 kilometres² (19 miles²) of water, equivalent to roughly 15 Central Parks.
    The human and economic toll of the rising water levels is considerable..”

    @nasa

    #kenya #lakenaivasha #africa #water #hydrology #hydrography
  11. 💧🌏 Greg Cocks @[email protected] ·

    Comparing DESIS Hyperspectral and Landsat 10 Simulated Superspectral Data for Crop Type Classification in California’s Central Valley
    --
    doi.org/10.3390/rs18142282 <-- shared paper
    --
    usgs.gov/publications/comparin <-- shared USGs publication page
    --
    H/T @USGS
    “How can we get better at classifying crops from space? 🛰️🌽
    Some types of satellite imagery are better at distinguishing crops than others. A USGS study compared two approaches and found one produced more accurate crop maps.
    Here's what the researchers found:
    • Hyperspectral imagery achieved 86% accuracy, compared to 75% for simulated superspectral imagery.
    • Using just 14 carefully selected hyperspectral bands produced nearly the same results as using all 60 DLR Earth Sensing Imaging Spectrometer (DESIS) bands, showing those wavelengths contain much of the information needed to distinguish crop types.
    • Using superspectral imagery on the upcoming Landsat 10 mission will allow for routine tracking of crops and enhance finer crop mapping.
    • The findings help scientists identify which wavelengths provide the most useful information for crop mapping and future remote sensing applications.
    Better crop maps will help governments and scientists track global agriculture, monitor the current crop season, and study agricultural trends…”
    --
    “HIGHLIGHTS:
    • What are the main findings?
    - The 14 DESIS hyperspectral narrowbands (10 nm) aligned with the Landsat 10 (formerly Landsat Next) spectral dataset produced similar accuracy results to the full 60-band DESIS hyperspectral dataset for classifying crop types. These 14 DESIS narrowbands resulted in higher accuracy than the 14 simulated Landsat 10 superspectral broadbands.
    - When using DESIS narrowbands, Support Vector Machine (SVM) resulted in higher accuracy than Random Forest (RF).
    • What are the implications of the main findings?
    - A carefully selected set of 14 DESIS hyperspectral narrowbands (10 nm) can achieve classification accuracy comparable to those obtained using all 60 DESIS narrowbands across the 400–1000 nm range. These 14 strategically positioned narrowbands classified crop types with higher classification accuracy than the corresponding 14 Landsat 10 superspectral broadbands within the same spectral range.
    - This study underscores the importance of multi-temporal imagery across the full crop-growing season for achieving more detailed and accurate crop type classifications. Such temporal coverage is more feasible with the planned Landsat 10 routine acquisition of broadband imagery than with task-based hyperspectral collections…”
    #hyperspectral #superspectral #optimalbands #randomforest #supportvectormachine #agriculture #crops #croptype #classifaction #croplands #California #CentralValley #GIS #spatial #mapping #remotesensing #earthobservation #imagery #DESIS #Landsat #Landsat10 #satellite #spatialanalysis #spatiotemporal #global #AI #machinelearning #model #modeling #SupportVectorMachine #SVM #RandomForest #RF #GoogleEarthEngine
    @USGS

    #hyperspectral #superspectral #optimalbands #randomforest #supportvectormachine #agriculture
  12. 💧🌏 Greg Cocks @[email protected] ·

    WeatherNext – [An] AI Model Achieves Breakthrough In Forecasting Cyclones
    --
    deepmind.google/blog/weatherne <-- shared technical Google DeepMind blog post
    --
    doi.org/10.1038/s41586-026-109 <-- shared paper
    --
    deepmind.google/science/weathe <-- shared data
    --
    github.com/google-deepmind/wea <-- shared GitHub repository
    --
    H/T @juliet Rothenberg | Product Director of Earth & Resilience AI at Google
    [this post should not be considered an endorsement of a particular organisation or their approach]
    “[The Google WeatherNext AI team] are showing how the WeatherNext AI model from Google DeepMind and Google Research has achieved state-of-the-art accuracy in predicting a cyclone's track, intensity, and wind structure. On average, the WeatherNext Cyclones model gives forecasters an extra day’s worth of predictive accuracy- delivering an advance equivalent to roughly a decade of historical meteorological progress 🌀
    Here is how WeatherNext is transforming cyclone forecasting:
    • Gaining an Extra Day of Advanced Warning: WN 3-day forecasts are as good as what prior models were able to provide for 2-day forecasts, giving critical time for emergency response.
    • Overcoming Traditional Trade-offs: WN bridges the gap between massive global atmospheric currents (which steer a cyclone's path) and fine-grained thermodynamic processes around its core (which drive its intensity) into a single AI model.
    • Unprecedented Ensemble Scale: Using Functional Generative Networks (FGNs), WN now generates 1,000-member ensembles in less than a minute on a TPU to capture rare, consequential tail-risks like sudden rapid intensification – which means forecasters can see a broader range of possible scenarios.
    • Real-World Impact: During the 2025 Atlantic hurricane season, the WN model helped the National Hurricane Center (NHC) make a historic forecast for Hurricane Melissa by predicting rapid intensification and landfall five days in advance.
    [The] teams are open sourcing the operationalized models (WeatherNext Cyclones and WeatherNext 2), alongside a compact version (WeatherNext 2-mini) that can run on a single TPU in a free public Colab notebook – all with a goal of empowering local organizations worldwide.
    Weather affects everyone. By combining advanced AI with the real-world expertise of human forecasters, we can build a collaborative ecosystem that saves lives and helps communities adapt to a changing climate…”
    #Google #DeepMind #GoogleResearch #AI #ensembles #FunctionalGenerativeNetworks #WeatherNext #cyclone #operationalised #model #modeling #forecasting #spatialanalyis #spatiotemporal #track #intensity #windstructure #hurricane #weather #climate #metrology #cyclonetrack #risk #hazard #emergencyresponse #planning #tool #earlywarning #scale #magnitude #path #track #thermodynamic #scenarios #opensource #impacts #tropicalcyclones #WeatherNextCyclones #weathermodel #atmospheric #predictions #mitigation #warning #robust #publicsafety #infrastructure
    @Google | @WeatherNext

    #google #deepmind #googleresearch #ai #ensembles #functionalgenerativenetworks
  13. 💧🌏 Greg Cocks @[email protected] ·

    Geospatial Analysis of Carbon Offset Projects - A Broader Scientific Outlook
    --
    eldhollow.com/blogs/geospatial <-- shared technical blog
    --
    [this post should not be considered an endorsement of a particular organisation, rather scrutinising the spatial use case & technical approach]
    H/T @kyle Arvisais | Forest Carbon Scientist
    “Geospatial analysis is at the core of [the H/T’s company’s] project quality assessments, and [the author is] constantly finding ways to make the pipeline better and ways to use it. [They are] obviously not the only one who uses these types of tools, but to be perfectly honest, the quality of models [they have] seen over the years has been all over the place.
    This blog makes a casual introduction to [their] pipeline while talking about the field at large…”
    --
    “The world has committed to protecting and restoring nature at an unprecedented scale. Whether that commitment delivers what it promises comes down project execution on the ground. Local socioeconomics and forest ecology intertwine to create complex challenges for projects to overcome during implementation, and at the end of the day, projects boil all of these complexities down to one single unit: the carbon credit. So the question becomes: can we actually measure what is happening to a forest, accurately and honestly, and everywhere at once?
    For a long time, the honest answer has been no. Historically, many forest carbon projects overstated their impact. Usually it was because the baseline was too generous, or because the measurements underneath were flawed. For anyone with a stake in nature markets, that uncertainty is one of the core risks.
    Robust geospatial analysis can help mitigate that risk. If you treat a carbon credit as what it really is, a scientific claim, then we can hold it to that standard and assess it objectively. [Their] geospatial pipeline turns satellite data and ground truth data into models about how much forest is standing, how it is changing, and what might put it at risk in the future. The pipeline does this anywhere on Earth…”
    #GIS #spatial #mapping #usecase #carbonoffset #spatialanalysis #spatiotemporal #qualityassessment #objectivity #projectpipeline #model #modeling #application #nature #environment #ecosystems #ecology #local #regional #factors #socioeconomics #forestecology #vegetation #forest #tree #carboncredit #climatechange #climatecrisis #forestcarbonprojects #global

    #gis #spatial #mapping #usecase #carbonoffset #spatialanalysis
  14. 💧🌏 Greg Cocks @[email protected] ·

    Flood And Landslide Susceptibility Assessment And Multi Hazard Interaction Mapping Using Machine Learning And GIS For Sustainable Settlement Planning In Nepal
    --
    doi.org/10.1007/s44288-026-006 <-- shared paper
    --
    H/T @Narayan Thapa | Earth Data Modeling
    “Nepal lies within an active seismic zone and is influenced by most dynamic climatic systems in the world. It faces compounding floods and landslide threats. Impacts are worst where multi-hazard interactions create spatially linked corridors. Despite frequent co-occurrence, national-scale assessments remain limited. This study presents machine learning and GIS-based approach to map nationwide susceptibility to floods, landslides, and identify their potential interaction zones, and delineate critical multi-hazard flow zones through spatial adjacency analysis. Using Google Earth Engine, the Random Forest model integrates topographic, climatic, environmental, and hydrological datasets to overcome subjective expert-driven methods. The model achieved strong predictive accuracy (AUC: 0.84 for floods, 0.85 for landslides). The results showed 19% of Nepal’s lowlands are medium to very highly susceptible to inundation, threatening approximately 900,000 people and over 3.4 million buildings; whilst in the hilly terrains, 40% is susceptible to slope-failure endangering 200,000 people and about 0.6 million buildings. K-means clustering followed by spatial adjacency analysis identified four spatial zonation: 81% of national area as low-hazard zone, 9% as flood-only zone, 5% as landslide-only zone, and 5% as interaction zones. Critical multi-hazard flow zone covering 7,588 km² represents spatially connected corridors linking interaction zones to downstream flood-prone populated areas, affecting 88 km² built-up land and 1,722 km² cropland. These zones represent susceptibility-based spatial connectivity rather than physically simulated cascading processes. These findings support recommendations for risk-informed land-use planning, resilient infrastructure development and climate adaptation aligned to sustainable development and investment risk screening…”
    #GIS #spatial #mapping #GoogleEarthEngine #MachineLearning #RemoteSensing #GeospatialAI #DisasterRiskReduction #MultiHazard #ClimateAdaptation #climatechange #extremeweather #LandUsePlanning #SustainableDevelopment #InfrastructurePlanning #RiskAssessment #NaturalHazards #Nepal #EarthObservation #HinduKushHimalaya #HKH #HinduKush #Himalayas #risk #hazard #assessment #national #regional #spatialanalysis #spatiotemporal #massmovement #landslide #assessment #mitigation #water #hydrology #flood #flooding #sustainability

    #gis #spatial #mapping #googleearthengine #machinelearning #remotesensing
  15. 💧🌏 Greg Cocks @[email protected] ·

    Modeling Flood Susceptibility Utilizing Advanced Ensemble Machine Learning Techniques in the Marand Plain [Iran]
    --
    doi.org/10.3390/geosciences150 <-- shared paper
    --
    H/T @Geosciences MDPI
    “This study applies advanced machine learning algorithms to map flood susceptibility in northwest Iran. The results demonstrate strong predictive performance, with the Locally Weighted Linear model delivering the highest accuracy and providing valuable guidance for flood-risk management and disaster mitigation…”
    --
    “Flooding is one of the most significant natural hazards in Iran, primarily due to the country’s arid and semi-arid climate, irregular rainfall patterns, and substantial changes in watershed conditions. These factors combine to make floods a frequent cause of disasters. In this case study, flood susceptibility patterns in the Marand Plain, located in the East Azerbaijan Province in northwest Iran, were analyzed using five machine learning (ML) algorithms: M5P model tree, Random SubSpace (RSS), Random Forest (RF), Bagging, and Locally Weighted Linear (LWL). The modeling process incorporated twelve meteorological, hydrological, and geographical factors affecting floods at 485 identified flood-prone points. The data were analyzed using a geographic information system, with the dataset divided into 70% for training and 30% for testing to build and validate the models. An information gain ratio and multicollinearity analysis were employed to assess the influence of various factors on flood occurrence, and flood-related variables were classified using quantile classification. The frequency ratio method was used to evaluate the significance of each factor. Model performance was evaluated using statistical measures, including the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve. All models demonstrated robust performance, with an area under the ROC curve (AUROC) exceeding 0.90. Among the models, the LWL algorithm delivered the most accurate predictions, followed by RF, M5P, Bagging, and RSS. The LWL-generated flood susceptibility map classified 9.79% of the study area as highly susceptible to flooding, 20.73% as high, 38.51% as moderate, 29.23% as low, and 1.74% as very low. The findings of this research provide valuable insights for government agencies, local authorities, and policymakers in designing strategies to mitigate flood-related risks. This study offers a practical framework for reducing the impact of future floods through informed decision-making and risk management strategies…”
    #FloodSusceptibility #FloodRisk #MachineLearning #GIS #NaturalHazards #DisasterManagement #FloodModeling #Hydrology #EnvironmentalMonitoring #RiskAssessment #GeospatialAnalysis #ClimateResilience #GIS #spatial #mapping #Iran #MarandPlain #EastAzerbaijan #machinelearning #AI #floodhazard #floodvulnerability #flood #flooding #water #hydrography #hydrology #model #modeling #risk #hazard #rainfall #precipitation #extremeweather #spatialanalysis #spatiotemporal #modelperformance #policy #planning #mitigation #design #riskmanagement

    #floodsusceptibility #floodrisk #machinelearning #gis #naturalhazards #disastermanagement
  16. 💧🌏 Greg Cocks @[email protected] ·

    [Open] Data Related To Flood Mapping [Canada]
    --
    natural-resources.canada.ca/sc <-- shared link to technical details
    --
    app.geo.ca/en-ca/map-browser/r <-- shared map/data-portal link, Canada Flood Map Inventory (CFM)
    --
    open.canada.ca/data/en/dataset <-- shared data-portal link, Canada Flood Susceptibility Index
    --
    doi.org/10.3390/ECWS-7-14235 <-- shared (2023) paper
    --
    doi.org/10.1002/2017WR020917 <-- shared (2017) paper
    --
    H/T @Michael DePue | VP & AtkinsRéalis Fellow for Water Resources Engineering | PE, PMP, CFM
    “At the Canadian Water Resources Association National Conference in Winnipeg, colleagues shared insights from Canada's Flood Hazard Identification and Mapping Program. This initiative has seen over 400 flood mapping projects and more than 1,000 flood hazard maps produced, supported by a substantial investment of $164.2 million from 2024 to 2028.
    Two key datasets:
    • The Canada Flood Map Inventory, which records the locations of flood hazard maps and provides information on how to access them.
    • The national Flood Susceptibility Index, a machine-learning assessment of flood-prone areas, including regions that have not been mapped in detail.
    When these two layers are combined on a single screen, it becomes clear where future mapping efforts should be directed — specifically, areas with high susceptibility that currently lack detailed maps…”
    #water #hydrography #flood #flooding #risk #hazard #model #modeling #fedscience #publicsafety #humaninpacts #opendata #Canada #GIS #spatial #mapping #damage #infrastructure #floodmapping #prediction #spatialanalysis #spatiotemporal #historic #current #future #preduction #extremeweather #metrology #rainfall #precipitation #atmosphericriver #FloodMapInventory #CFM #floodhazard #FloodSusceptibilityIndex #floodprone #research #susceptibility
    @NRCAN

    #water #hydrography #flood #flooding #risk #hazard
  17. 💧🌏 Greg Cocks @[email protected] ·

    Using Geospatial Analysis and Explainable Machine Learning to Examine Risk Factors of Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest Survival Outcome
    --
    openscholar.uga.edu/record/269 <-- shared technical publication / dissertation
    --
    aag.org/award-grant/william-l- <-- shared @AAG William L. Garrison Award for Best Dissertation in Computational Geography
    --
    [again, way outside any expertise I might have, but fascinating spatial analysis use case…]
    H/T @Jielu Zhang | Postdoctoral Researcher @ Harvard University
    “[The authors] Ph.D. dissertation "Using Geospatial Analysis and Explainable Machine Learning to Examine Risk Factors of Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest Survival Outcome" [1st link above] has received the 2026 biennial William L. Garrison Award for Best Dissertation in Computational Geography from the American Association of Geographers… [2nd link above.]
    In [their] research, [they] develop[ed] Explainable GeoAI and Causal GeoAI methods that combine geographic data and artificial intelligence to expose and ameliorate health disparities by delivering models that not only predict risks but also illuminate how and where to intervene. While [their] dissertation focused on cardiovascular disease, these approaches are broadly applicable to public health, medicine, urban planning, environmental exposure, and resilience research…”
    #explainable #causal #AI #model #modeling #PublicHealth #GIS #spatial #mapping #spatialanalysis #spatiotemporal #AAG2026 #AAG #Award #geostatistics #Georgia #health #risk #hazard #cardiacarrest #cardiovacscular #usecase #metrics #midocine #urbanplanning #resilience #survival #OutofHospital #PhD #Dissertation #CardiacArrest #AutomatedExternalDefibrillator #SpatialOptimization #GeographicallyExplainableArtificialIntelligence #GeoAI #GeoXAI #SpatiallyAwareCausalInference #OverlayedSpatioTemporalOptimization #healthcare #medical #intervention #GIS #spatial #mappingt #spatialanalysis #spatiotemporal #heart #heartattack #AED #survival #survivaloutcomes #machinelearning #AI #publichealth #healthgeographers #counterfactual #explainable #deeplearning #model #modeling

    #explainable #causal #ai #model #modeling #publichealth
  18. 💧🌏 Greg Cocks @[email protected] ·

    A National-Scale Database Of Groundwater Level Data For Switzerland
    --
    doi.org/10.1038/s41597-026-073 <-- shared paper
    --
    H/T @RaoulCollenteur | Groundwater Hydrologist at Collenteur HydroConsult GmbH
    “Looking for a ready-to-use FAIR dataset with groundwater levels, signatures, and meteorological drivers to test new models and analysis methods to learn from groundwater level data? Why not try [the authors’] new Swiss Groundwater Database with almost 1,000 piezometers in diverse climatological and hydrogeological settings within Switzerland? 💡
    💧 Long groundwater level time series with frequent measurements
    💧 Meteorological drivers included
    💧Unique dataset in terms of hydrogeological data in an alpine setting
    … [They] hope [that they] can develop the database in the future with other variables (i.e., groundwater temperature, spring discharge, etc.) and welcome additions and collaborations to make this happen. 🌊…”
    --
    “Groundwater is a vital component of the global supply of freshwater, playing a critical role for human populations, agriculture, and ecosystems. Due to the complex interactions between groundwater, surface water, climate, and human activity, these systems are frequently studied using advanced data analysis and modeling techniques. The effectiveness of these methods is generally enhanced by the availability and quality of data. In Switzerland, the focus area of this study, groundwater data is fragmented and lacks a standardized nationwide compilation. Consequently, the process of conducting nationwide studies with substantial sample sizes is both resource-intensive and time-consuming. In this paper, [they] introduce the Swiss Groundwater Database, a comprehensive compilation of groundwater time series and associated metadata throughout Switzerland. The current database consists of groundwater level data from 985 monitoring wells, which were completed with additional static and time-varying variables. The environmental characteristics and climate indices were compiled and determined for each monitoring well. The database is designed to facilitate and support large-sample hydrological research related to groundwater in Switzerland and beyond…”
    #water #hydrography #database #GIS #spatial #mapping #groundwater #Switzerland #FAIR #SwissGroundwaterDatabase #opendata #hydrogeology #meteorology #weather #climate #alpine #waterresources #agriculture #ecosystems #humanimpacts #spatialanalysis #spatiotemporal #model #modeling #dataanalysis #nationwide #metadata #monitoring #wells
    @Federal Office for the Environment FOEN | @Federal Office of Meteorology and Climatology MeteoSwiss

    #water #hydrography #database #gis #spatial #mapping
  19. 💧🌏 Greg Cocks @[email protected] ·

    Unraveling The Drivers Of Water Shortage Across Spatial Scales And Sectors In Colorado's West Slope River Basins
    --
    doi.org/10.1029/2026EF008137 <-- shared paper
    --
    ['sorry' about your Kentucky Bluegrass, almonds, etc... /s]
    H/T Sai Veena Sunkara | Postdoctoral Associate
    “…Colorado’s West Slope basins provide nearly 70% of the inflows to Lake Powell and are also essential to communities, agriculture, industry, hydropower, and downstream Colorado River users.
    To examine the wide range of possible futures, [they] simulated 2.1 million years, defining 20,000 plausible scenarios applying changes to streamflow, snowmelt timing, drought persistence, and agricultural, municipal, and industrial water demand.
    A key finding is that there is 𝗻𝗼 𝘀𝗶𝗻𝗴𝗹𝗲 𝗰𝗮𝘂𝘀𝗲 𝗼𝗳 𝗳𝘂𝘁𝘂𝗿𝗲 𝘄𝗮𝘁𝗲𝗿 𝘀𝗵𝗼𝗿𝘁𝗮𝗴𝗲𝘀. The most influential drivers vary by basin, sector, and water user. In some areas, shortages are driven primarily by persistent low-flow conditions or changing snowmelt timing. In others, increasing municipal, industrial, or irrigation demand plays a larger role. This suggests that adaptation strategies must be tailored to specific basins and users rather than relying on a single, system-wide solution. Other major findings are
    • West Slope deliveries to Lake Powell could fall more than 50% below the current median baseline
    • Storage in major West Slope reservoirs could decline 40–55% below historical medians
    These results underscore the need for water-planning approaches that account for deep uncertainty, persistent drought, shifting snowmelt patterns, and sector-specific demand…”
    #Colorado #waterallocation #StateMod #USWest #USA #WesternSlope #waterresources #watersecurity #watershortage #drought #snowmelt #rainfall #precipitation #riverbasin #water #hydrography #hydrology #reasons #agriculture #industry #hydropower #streamflow #surfacewater #municipal #irrigation #adaptationstrategies #planning #policy #mitigation #ColoradoRiver #basins #climatechange #extremeweather #populationpressure #waterdemand #waterrights #model #modeling #HiddenMarkovModel #stochastic #projecteddemand #ColoradoRiverBasin #wateruse #spatial #mapping #spatialanalysis #spatiotemporal #strategy

    #colorado #waterallocation #statemod #uswest #usa #westernslope
  20. 💧🌏 Greg Cocks @[email protected] ·

    Quantifying UK Coastal Flood Exposure Under Future Sea-Level Rise To [2100 and] 2300
    --
    doi.org/10.1038/s41467-026-749 <-- shared paper
    --
    theguardian.com/environment/20 <-- shared media article
    --
    H/T @University of Bristol School of Geographical Sciences
    “🌊 New research on long-term coastal flooding as a result of climate inaction 🌊
    … The researchers found:
    🔷 By 2100 at least an additional 0.5 million people exposed to the 1-in-200 year undefended flood extent - a 25% increase compared to present day.
    🔷 Under the most pessimistic storyline by 2300 involving significant ice-sheet instability, an additional 13 million people could be exposed to the 1-in-200 year undefended flood event.
    🔷 Under some scenarios there is a need for large-scale movement of populations and settlements away from the coast in the coming centuries…”
    --
    “Up to 13 million people in the UK face the long-term risk of coastal flooding due to the climate crisis, scientists have warned, with a ‘reasonable worst-case scenario’ suggesting the need for the large-scale movement of populations away from a dramatically reshaped coast…
    Sea level has risen by about 20cm around the UK in the last century and is accelerating. A further 40cm to 60cm by 2100 is already baked in, meaning about half a million more people will be at risk of their homes being flooded, on top of the 2.5 million already in danger near the coasts. Lincolnshire and the Humber estuary are most in danger…”
    --
    “The latest Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change assessment report highlighted the potential for more than 15 metres of global sea-level rise by 2300. In this study, [the authors] explore the implications for UK coastal flood exposure by combining national-scale flood modelling with physically-based storylines of UK sea-level rise. By 2100 all storylines show broadly similar results with at least an additional ½ million people exposed to the 1-in-200 year undefended flood extent, which represents a 25% increase compared to present day. Under the most pessimistic storyline by 2300 involving significant ice-sheet instability, an additional 13 million people could be exposed to the 1-in-200 year undefended flood event. This would imply the potential need for large-scale movement of populations and settlements away from the coast in the coming centuries. Given current global emissions pledges, exposure increases by 1.7 million people by 2300, however up to 1 million could be avoided if Paris Agreement targets for greenhouse gas emissions are met…”
    #coast #coastal #innundation #climatechange #global #sealevel #sealevelrise #SLR #flood #flooding #climatechange #population #infrastructure #UK #England #Scotland #Wales #NorthernIreland #Lincolnshire #Humber #estuary #settlement #city #urban #mitigation #planning #policy #infrastructure #risk #hazard #humanimpacts #spatialanalysis #spatiotemporal #GIS #spatial #mapping #coastalflooding #climatecrisis #model #modeling #elevation #DEM

    #coast #coastal #innundation #climatechange #global #sealevel
  21. 💧🌏 Greg Cocks @[email protected] ·

    Impact Of Reservoir Storage On Propagation From Meteorological To Hydrological Drought
    --
    doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2026 <-- shared paper
    --
    H/T @DrAjayGupta | Post Doctoral Fellow, IIT Bombay | Ph.D. in Hydrology, IIT Roorkee | Commonwealth Split-site Fellow, University of Birmingham I M.Tech in Water Resources Engineering, NIT Silchar | B.E. in Civil Engineering, PCE Nagpur.
    “🌍 Why is this important?
    While reservoirs are widely recognized for mitigating drought impacts, their role in controlling how drought propagates through the hydrological cycle has remained largely unexplored. In this study, [the authors] investigate how reservoir storage influences the transition of drought from meteorological to agricultural to reservoir to streamflow drought across the semi-arid Krishna River Basin, India.
    🔍 THIS STUDY ADDRESSES TWO KEY RESEARCH QUESTIONS:
    ✅ How do drought propagation time (initiation, peak, and termination) change from meteorological to agricultural, reservoir, and streamflow droughts across different timescales and threshold values?
    ✅ How does reservoir storage influence drought propagation between upstream and downstream reservoirs using the Downstreamness concept?
    📌 KEY FINDINGS
    🔹 Drought propagation differs substantially across drought types because each component of the hydrological system responds at different rates.
    🔹 Reservoirs significantly delay the propagation of drought by buffering water deficits, particularly between agricultural and streamflow drought.
    🔹 Mild and moderate upstream reservoir droughts rarely propagate downstream, whereas severe upstream droughts consistently transmit downstream, leading to longer duration, greater severity, and delayed onset.
    🔹 The downstreamness analysis reveals dynamic shifts in water storage between upstream and downstream reservoirs throughout drought development and recovery, providing valuable insights for reservoir operation and basin-scale drought management…”
    --
    “HIGHLIGHTS
    • Reservoir storage impact on drought propagation from meteorological-to-hydrological drought.
    • Drought propagation timeframe: initiation, peak and termination are checked.
    • Impact assessment using hydrological connection: upstream to downstream reservoirs.
    • Severe upstream droughts propagate downstream with increased duration and severity.
    • During drought periods water-storage concentration shifts from downstream to upstream..."
    #Drought #DroughtPropagation #Reservoirs #WaterResources #WaterManagement #RiverBasinManagement #KrishnaRiverBasin #Downstreamness #India #climatechange #reservoir #storage #hydrology #water #hydrologiccycle #watersecurity #planning #policy #KrishnaRiver #weather #climate #metrology #agriculture #farming #streamflow #model #modeling #spatiotemporal #spatialanalysis

    #drought #droughtpropagation #reservoirs #waterresources #watermanagement #riverbasinmanagement
  22. 💧🌏 Greg Cocks @[email protected] ·

    Global Performance of #RemoteSensing Based and Reanalysis-Driven Models to Estimate Open Water Evaporation
    --
    doi.org/10.1029/2025WR042363
    --
    “ABSTRACT: Evaporation plays an essential role in the water cycle, influencing local and regional climates while directly impacting water availability in lakes. However, directly measuring evaporation over water bodies remains challenging due to the high costs of installing and maintaining the required in situ instrumentation. Although several remote sensing algorithms have been providing evaporation estimates, the lack of a global validation hinders our understanding of their relative uncertainties and performances across different regions. Here, [they] analyze[d] the performance of a suite of models that leverage satellite data and meteorological reanalysis to estimate evaporation over lakes worldwide. [They] compare[d] three remote sensing-based models, one reanalysis-driven model and one ensemble approach, using in situ observations from 27 lakes representing a diverse range of geographic and climatic regions. [Their] results demonstrate that, overall, the ensemble outperformed any individual model in terms of accuracy, with a RMSE and a bias of 1.3 and 0.3 mm/day, respectively. These findings highlight the benefits of using an ensemble approach to estimate open water evaporation with satellite-based models at the global scale, leveraging the unique strengths of each model. For the individual models, differences in the representation of heat storage changes and advection effects led to lower values of RMSE and bias, depending on the location and depth of the lakes. This study sets the path for future improvement of open water evaporation algorithms globally, while remote sensing techniques are proven satisfactory to monitoring of water loss in lakes globally, an essential step toward effective large-scale water resources management.
    PLAIN LANGUAGE SUMMARY: Water loss through evaporation in lakes and reservoirs directly affects water availability, which highlights the need to monitor these losses. However, measuring evaporation in situ is challenging and expensive. An alternative is to estimate evaporation using remote-sensing models and compare these estimates with in-situ data to verify their accuracy. Here, [they] evaluated four models and their ensemble (the models' mean value) using measurements from 27 lakes and reservoirs worldwide. [They] found that the ensemble presented higher accuracy and consistency than any individual model because it benefits from the strengths of each model. This approach can guide future improvements in estimating open-water evaporation, which is essential for large-scale water-resource management…”
    #global #mapping #earthobservation #GIS #spatial #spatialanalysis #spatiotemporal #model #modeling #water #hydrology #surfacewater #waterbody #lake #reservoir #evaporation #evapotranspiration #watercycle #weather #meteorology #usecase #waterresources #watermanagement #waterloss #regional #estimate #policy #planning #instrumentation #comparasion

    #remotesensing #global #mapping #earthobservation #gis #spatial
  23. 💧🌏 Greg Cocks @[email protected] ·

    Mapping Multifunctionality In Remote Patagonian Forest Landscapes Reveals High-Value Ecosystems Beyond Protected Areas
    --
    doi.org/10.1038/s43247-026-035 <-- shared paper
    --
    H/T @Peter Potapov | Researcher at the World Resources Institute (WRI)
    “This paper is] a strong example of multifunctionality analysis applied to conservation planning. The study mapped six ecosystem functions, including carbon storage, nutrient availability, water regulation, erosion control, habitat quality, and ecological connectivity. [The author] combined satellite data, field soil sampling, and spatial modeling for this comprehensive analysis.
    Two findings stand out.
    1. Old-growth forests had the highest multifunctionality index of any land cover type.
    2. 78.5% of the top multifunctionality hotspots fall outside the region's protected areas, even though PAs already cover more than 54% of the territory.
    Together, these results make a clear case for expanding conservation of the remaining Intact Forest Landscapes and primary forests in Patagonia and elsewhere…”
    --
    “Remote forest landscapes provide critical references for understanding ecosystem functions (EFs) under low anthropogenic pressure, yet their capacity to sustain multiple EFs simultaneously remains poorly understood. [They] assessed landscape multifunctionality in western Patagonia by integrating satellite indicators, field data, and spatial modeling. Six EFs (carbon storage, nutrient availability, water regulation, erosion control, habitat quality, and ecological connectivity) were mapped, and their spatial relationships and hotspot distribution within and outside protected areas (PAs) were analyzed. Old-growth and secondary forests showed the highest functional performance. Strong synergies (ρ ≥ 0.6) between carbon storage and nutrient availability covered >50% of the landscape, whereas strong trade-offs (ρ ≤ –0.6) were spatially limited ( < 6%). Notably, 78% of multifunctionality hotspots occurred outside PAs, indicating that high-functional-value areas extend beyond formal conservation boundaries. These findings reveal spatial mismatches between multifunctionality and protection status and provide a replicable framework for integrating multifunctionality into conservation planning under global change…”
    #Patagonia #chile #aysen #coyhaique #landcover #mapping #spatial #spatialpatterns #spatiotemporal #spatialanalysis #forest #vegetation #oldgrowth #secondgrowth #shrubland #grassland #steppe #ecosystem #habitat #nutrients #water #hydrology #erosion #multifunctionality #multifunctionalityanalysis #protectedareas #landuse #conservationplanning #conservation #ecology #carbonstorage #nutrientavailability #waterregulation #erosioncontrol #habitatquality #ecologicalconnectivity #remotesensing #satellite #earthobservation #modeling

    #patagonia #chile #aysen #coyhaique #landcover #mapping
  24. 💧🌏 Greg Cocks @[email protected] ·

    Watching A #NOAA #Webinar on Flash Droughts
    --
    noaaresearch.webex.com/wbxmjs/ <-- shared NOAA Summer Science Series individual webinar
    --
    drought.gov/what-is-drought/fl <-- shared NOAA overview technical article
    --
    star.nesdis.noaa.gov/star/NOAA <-- subscribe to the NOAA Summer Science Series
    --
    doi.org/10.1038/s41612-024-006 <-- shared paper
    --
    communities.springernature.com <-- shared technical article (derived from paper above)
    H/T @Jeffrey Basara PhD, MBA | Chair and Professor - Department of Environmental, Earth, and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Massachusetts Lowell | Co-Founder - American Prime Sustainable Solutions
    [Flash floods? not TOO hard to conceptualise.
    Flash drought? harder to 'get my head around', but H/T / presenter does an excellent job!]
    "Not all droughts are the same. In some cases, drought rapidly intensifies at subseasonal to seasonal scales with significant impacts to agriculture and water resources along with the increased propensity for heatwaves and wildfires. Like all droughts, flash drought begins with a precipitation deficit. However, both evaporative demand and soil moisture are critical flash drought variables, and identifying and monitoring the desiccation of the terrestrial surface is key for determining flash drought development and associated impacts. While recent advances in knowledge and monitoring of flash drought have occurred, fundamental questions remain in the state of the science. What are the overall mechanistic relationships between atmospheric demand, evaporative stress, terrestrial desiccation, and precipitation that drive the progression of flash drought? Do regional characteristics of the environment impact the evolution of flash drought? What are the scales of predictability for flash drought? Finally, how will flash drought frequency and intensity evolve in a changing climate system"
    --
    "Flash drought intensifies rapidly due to changes in precipitation, temperature, wind, and radiation. These changes in the weather increase evapotranspiration and lower soil moisture. Flash droughts can cause extensive damage to agriculture, economies, and ecosystems if they are not predicted and discovered early..."
    #water #hydrology #fedscience #publicgood #hydrologicdrought #waterdeficit #spatialanalysis #spatiotemporal #watersecurity #risk #hazard #humanimpacts #streamflow #riverflow #groundwater #surfacewater #climate #weather #climatechange #extremeweather #atmosphere #metrology #regional #global #farming #agriculture #fluvial #pluvial #rainfall #precipitation #cloudcover #energy #heat #temperature #ET #evapotranspiration #farming #agriculture #foodsecurity #waterresources #dynamicsystems #watermanagement #flashdrought #drought #susceptibility #monitoring #prediction #model #modeling
    @noaa

    #noaa #webinar #water #hydrology #fedscience #publicgood
  25. 💧🌏 Greg Cocks @[email protected] ·

    A Scale-Invariance-Based Algorithm Application For Land Surface Temperature Downscaling In Denmark
    --
    doi.org/10.3390/rs18132263 <-- shared paper
    --
    zenodo.org/records/20863040 <-- shared open data for downscaled LST dataset for Copenhagen
    --
    H/T @CLIM4cities
    #urbanclimate #downscaling #landsurfacetemperature #LST #AI #machinelearning #scaleinvariance #residualcorrection #Sentinel #Landsat #satellite #remotesensing #earthobservation #CLIM4cities #UrbanClimate #ClimateServices #MachineLearning #ClimateAdaptation #heatwave #temperature #ontheground #Copenhagen #Denmark #impervioussurface #asphalt #roof #concrete #albedo #heatabsorption #mitigation #urban #urbancentre #treecover #vegetation #urbanheatisland #planning #design #hotspots #monitoring #spatialanalysis #spatiotemporal #model #modeling #usecase #operational #climatechange #extremeweather #evidencebased #adapation #sustainability #urbanplanning #climateresilience #EssentialClimateVariable #ECV
    @+ATLANTIC | @Danish Meteorological Institute | @ESA Φ-lab Collaborative Innovation Network | @CLIM4cities

    #urbanclimate #downscaling #landsurfacetemperature #lst #ai #machinelearning
  26. 💧🌏 Greg Cocks @[email protected] ·

    Comparative Hydro-Climatic Datasets For Catchment-Wise Linked Water Fluxes And Storage Changes Across South America
    --
    doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2026.176 <-- shared paper
    --
    doi.org/10.1038/s43247-026-036 <-- shared paper
    --
    doi.org/10.1002/joc.6443 <-- shared paper
    --
    pik-potsdam.de/en/news/latest- | publications.iom.int/books/eva <-- shared 2021 Peru hydroclimate technical article | report
    --
    youtu.be/Ngbm0gsmYAw?si=haqV7t <-- shared overview video
    --
    #water #GIS #spatial #mappping #spatialanalysis #spatiotemporal #remotesensing #earthobservation #Hydrology #Hydroclimatology #ClimateChange #extremeweather #WaterResources #WaterSecurity uncertainity #SouthAmerica #ClimateData #PeerReview #OpenScience #Hydrometeorology #opendata #datasets #rainfall #precipitation #fluvial #heatwave #temperature #changing #consistency #flood #flooding #drought #riskmanagement #risk #hazard #earthsystems #resilience #waterquality #waterpollution #model #modeling #monitoring #records #hydroclimate #hydrogeomorphology #review #SouthAmerica #planning #policy #sustainability #evapotranspiration #runoff #waterstorage #SAHCD

    #water #gis #spatial #mappping #spatialanalysis #spatiotemporal
  27. 💧🌏 Greg Cocks @[email protected] ·

    Optical, Radar, And Hybrid Indices To Detect Farming Practices In Europe
    --
    doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2026.115 <-- shared paper
    --
    “HIGHLIGHTS:
    • [they] compare[d] Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 time series to detect farming practices.
    • HyBRIS index is introduced, temporally weighting BSI and VH/VV into a daily index.
    • Time-series minima and maxima are used to predict sowing, harvest, and tillage.
    • Validation is performed across several years, crop types, and European locations.
    • Phenology detection is improved compared to HRL-Cropland.
    ABSTRACT: Arable farming practices dictate both crop cycles and soil dynamics, and are central to agriculture's environmental impact and its mitigation. Sowing and harvesting mark the beginning and end of the growing season, while tillage modifies soil structure during the dormant period. Although well-established methods exist for delineating the growing season using phenology and optical data, the detection of farming practices, particularly tillage, remains underexplored. This study investigates the strengths of radar and optical data to retrieve sowing, harvest, and tillage dates at the field level, and proposes a novel Hybrid Bare Soil Radar Index (HyBRIS). Based on Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2, HyBRIS merges optical and radar data into a single index using a temporally weighted mean. Local minima and maxima of the time series are used to detect farming practices across European sites. Validation is carried out against a reference dataset comprising 238 fields in 11 EU countries, including 462 sowing, 374 harvest, and 388 tillage events covering more than 40 crop types over 8 years. Compared to the Copernicus High Resolution Layer Croplands product (HRL-Cropland), the proposed method based on HyBRIS time series improved sowing and harvest dates detection (MAE 26 and 23 days, respectively). Additionally, this method enabled tillage dates estimation during dormant periods (MAE = 28 days), but tended to overestimate the number of tillage events (producer's accuracy = 97%, user's accuracy = 70%). Incorporating soil moisture data is advised for reducing false positives. The results highlight the potential of optical, radar, and hybrid indices for monitoring agricultural management and supporting environmental stewardship…”
    #Sowing #Harvest #tillage #tillagedetection #cropland #CroplandManagement #remotesensing #earthobservation #sentinel #Copernicus #cropland #satellite #optical #radar #sensor #landuse #landcover #landsurface #phenology #agricultural #monitoring #GIS #spatial #mapping #spatialanalysis #spatiotemporal #arable #farming #agriculture #soil #substrate #environment #sustainability #environmentalstewardship #growingseason #Europe #region #model #modeling

    #sowing #harvest #tillage #tillagedetection #cropland #croplandmanagement
  28. 💧🌏 Greg Cocks @[email protected] ·

    Impact Of Floods On Surface Water Quality - A Systematic Review And Comprehensive Assessment
    --
    doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2026 <-- shared paper
    --
    epa.gov/system/files/documents <-- shared paper
    --
    “Floods, as extreme flow events, are among the costliest and devastating natural hazards. Among the various domains impacted by flooding, environmental degradation, particularly the deterioration of water quality (WQ), is one of the most impacted yet often overlooked. Therefore, it is essential to understand the nature and source of water pollution associated with flooding. This study aims to evaluate and assess multiple studies conducted globally to determine the impact of floods on WQ. A literature review and assessment of 66 studies published between 2007 and 2026 was conducted using the total comprehensiveness score (TCS). To support the scoring process, studies that scored more than 70% of the maximum achievable TCS (15.4) are considered the most detailed and comprehensive in addressing the objectives of this review. 16 studies achieved a TCS above 15.4, indicating that a limited number of studies incorporate a broader set of factors in this domain. A higher number of studies were conducted post the year 2021, highlighting both scientific progress and a growing focus on WQ impacts from disasters such as floods, beyond the traditionally emphasized socio-economic loss. Among the shortlisted studies, fluvial floods are the most frequently examined, followed by pluvial floods and coastal floods. During fluvial floods, turbidity increased by up to two orders of magnitude, while nutrient concentrations (TN, TP) typically rose by ∼ 10–30%. In contrast, pluvial floods were characterised by dilution-driven decreases in EC and TDS, with DOX, BOD and COD showing variable responses across flood types. This review evaluates flood impacts on WQ, catchment characteristics, and sources of WQ modification. The findings of the research reveal that not all WQ parameters are responsible for WQ degradation during every flood event. Rather, it is a combination of certain parameters that leads to deteriorated WQ. WQ degradation depends on interacting factors such as flood duration, extent, depth, and flow dynamics. In overall, this study provides an overview of the multiple cascading impacts of floods on WQ, along with a detailed perspective on the set of criteria that should be considered in future research…”
    #water #hydrology #hydrography #flood #flooding #criteriaassessment #waterpollution #waterquality #parameters #extremeflow #waterresources #extremeweather #waterresources #watermanagement #global #literaturereview #morphology #source #type #watersecurity #research #papers #compilation #humanimpacts #PRISMA #spatiotemporal #fluvial #pluvial #coast #coastal #risk #hazard #riverine #climatechange #EnvironmentalScience #Research #ClimateResilience #floodtype #pollution #naturalhazard

    #water #hydrology #hydrography #flood #flooding #criteriaassessment
  29. 💧🌏 Greg Cocks @[email protected] ·

    Remote Sensing And The New Global River Science
    --
    doi.org/10.1038/s44221-026-006 <-- shared paper
    --
    “Rivers impact the well-being of humans and the environment. As they increasingly face planetary-scale stressors, it is critically important to monitor and understand rivers at the global scale. As the only synoptic resource for global primary data on rivers, satellite remote sensing has recently begun to provide unprecedented opportunities for the monitoring, understanding, and prediction of global river behaviour. Despite these advances, the role of satellite remote sensing in global river science has still not been fully explored. New satellite systems and algorithms will enable substantial improvements in river measurements, provide new answers to long-standing or newly emerging scientific questions, and eventually update basic knowledge of rivers to advance global river science. In this [paper they] explore how remote sensing has been used to study the world’s rivers, examine challenges and opportunities for further advancing our understanding of rivers using existing and upcoming sensors, and identify possible solutions and future research directions…”
    #GIS #spatial #mapping #water #hydrology #satellite #remotsesensing #earthobservation #hydrography #spatialanalysis #spatiotemporal #physicalgeography #change #river #global #model #modeling #research #hydrogeomorphology #geomorphometry #riverine #humanimpacts #waterquality #waterresources #watermanagement #infrastructure #lake #reservoir #dam #impoundment #canals #avulsion #overbank #flood #flooding #erosion #sedimentation #morphology #network #downstream

    #gis #spatial #mapping #water #hydrology #satellite
  30. 💧🌏 Greg Cocks @[email protected] ·

    Remote Sensing, Real Impact - Technology-Driven Conservation At The Jane Goodall Institute
    (How the Jane Goodall Institute [JGI] is using satellite imagery and spatial technology to help people and animals thrive.)
    --
    geoweeknews.com/news/conservat <-- shared technical article
    --
    iceye.com/blog/government/solu <-- shared technical article
    --
    [this post should not be seen as endorsement of a particular provider and/or approach]
    “Dr. Jane Goodall’s groundbreaking research at Gombe National Park in Tanzania began in 1960, and transformed our understanding of chimpanzees and redefined the relationship between humans and animals. Dr. Goodall dedicated her life to conservation and community empowerment. Her recent passing marks the end of an extraordinary career in ethology and conservation science. Yet her legacy lives on powerfully through the Jane Goodall Institute [JGI] and the countless individuals and communities she inspired worldwide. Her pioneering work revealed that chimpanzees make and use tools, have complex social structures, and possess individual personalities; discoveries that fundamentally challenged our understanding of what it means to be human, for the better…
    The institute's current work embodies Dr. Goodall's profound philosophy: that humanity can only reach its full potential "when our clever brains and our compassionate hearts are connected."
    This principle guides every aspect of JGI's conservation science strategy, from analyzing satellite data to providing local communities with the tools they need to strengthen their environment. Dr. Goodall's vision that conservation must be rooted in compassion, scientific rigor, and respect for local communities continues to shape the institute's innovative approach to using technology for conservation action.
    As time has gone on, geospatial technologies have become increasingly indispensable to this mission, enabling JGI to monitor forest health in real-time, map critical chimpanzee habitats and migration corridors, and measure the tangible impact of community-led conservation initiatives. But perhaps most importantly, these technologies help the communities understand that the lives of people, animals and their shared environment are all interconnected…”
    #ConservationTechnology #illegal #Deforestation #hunting #mining #GombeNationalPark #remotesensing #radar #earthobservation #chimpanzee #conservation #communityempowerment #JaneGoodallInstitute #JGI #satellite #spatialanalysis #spatiotemporal #GIS #spatial #mapping #habitat #destruction #migration #corridors #monitoring #conservationscience #strategy #resource #cloudcover #alerts #foresthealth #protection #SAR #vegetation #ecosystems #rainforest #greatape #disease #foodsecurity #DRC #Tanzania #CongoBasin #nationalpark #ranger #parkranger #security #safety #alerts #wildlifetrafficking
    @JaneGoodallInstitute @iceeye

    #conservationtechnology #illegal #deforestation #hunting #mining #gombenationalpark
  31. 💧🌏 Greg Cocks @[email protected] ·

    How Space Weather Could Bust The AI Boom
    --
    spacenews.com/how-space-weathe <-- shared technical article
    --
    futurism.com/artificial-intell <-- shared technical article, “AI Data Centers Pushing Electric Grid Into Meltdown”
    --
    doi.org/10.1146/annurev-earth- <-- shared 2026 paper, “Magnetic Storms and Geoelectric Hazards”
    --
    #AI #datcenters #infrastructure #impacts #solarstorms #spaceweather #risk #hazards #overloading #electricity #energy #powersupply #energygrid #vulnerable #transmission #energy #demand #consumers #geoelectrical #geomagnetism #blackout #damage #cost #economics #equipment #transformers #carringtonevent #NERC #grid #reliability #electricaldemand #utilities #magneticstorm #electromagneticinduction #extremeevent #historicalevent #hazardanalysis #spaceweather #history #Carrington #geoelectric #humanimpacts #risk #hazard #monitoring #network #geology #geomagnetism #impedance #rock #soil #utilities #electricaltransmission #powerlines #magnetotelluric #sensor #blackout #brownout #energy #geoelectrichazard #geoelectric #GIS #spatial #mapping #spatialanalysis #spatiotemporal #model #modeling #geomagnetism #geomagneticstorm #telecommunication #electronics #hardened #geography #mitigation #preparedness #geomorphology #geomorphometry #surfacegeology #cost #economics #disaster #impacts #technology #InternetOfThings #internet #USA #review #CONUS #numericalmodeling #realtimemonitoring #AIBoom #Bust
    @North American Electric Reliability Corporation (NERC)

    #ai #datcenters #infrastructure #impacts #solarstorms #spaceweather
  32. 💧🌏 Greg Cocks @[email protected] ·

    Hydroclimate Volatility On A Warming Earth
    --
    doi.org/10.1038/s43017-024-006 <-- shared 2025 paper
    --
    newsroom.ucla.edu/releases/flo <-- shared UCLA article, “Floods, Droughts, Then Fires: Hydroclimate Whiplash Is Speeding Up Globally “
    --
    H/T @Daniel Swain
    “Hydroclimate volatility refers to sudden, large and/or frequent transitions between very dry and very wet conditions. In this Review, we examine how hydroclimate volatility is anticipated to evolve with anthropogenic warming. Using a metric of ‘hydroclimate whiplash’ based on the Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index, global-averaged subseasonal (3-month) and interannual (12-month) whiplash have increased by 31–66% and 8–31%, respectively, since the mid-twentieth century. Further increases are anticipated with ongoing warming, including subseasonal increases of 113% and interannual increases of 52% over land areas with 3 °C of warming; these changes are largest at high latitudes and from northern Africa eastward into South Asia. Extensive evidence links these increases primarily to thermodynamics, namely the rising water-vapour-holding capacity and potential evaporative demand of the atmosphere. Increases in hydroclimate volatility will amplify hazards associated with rapid swings between wet and dry states (including flash floods, wildfires, landslides and disease outbreaks), and could accelerate a water management shift towards co-management of drought and flood risks. A clearer understanding of plausible future trajectories of hydroclimate volatility requires expanded focus on the response of atmospheric circulation to regional and global forcings, as well as land–ocean–atmosphere feedbacks, using large ensemble climate model simulations, storm-resolving high-resolution models and emerging machine learning methods…
    #water #hydrology #hydroclimate #whiplash #global #spatialanalysis #spatiotemporal #weatherwhiplash #ecogeomorphology #sustainability #ecology# ###
    #water #hydrology #hydroclimate #volatility #dry #wet #drought #flood #flooding #wildfire #landslide #massmovement #whiplash #global #spatialanalysis #spatiotemporal #weatherwhiplash #ecogeomorphology #sustainability #ecology #hydrogeomorphology #climatechange #extremeweather #anthropogenicwarming #climate #weather #connection #StandardizedPrecipitationEvapotranspiration #precipitation #rainfall #research #evapotranspiration #risk #hazard #riskassessment #disease #pandemic #publichealth #publicsafety #waterquality #watersecurity #watermanagement #hydrography #atmospheric #regional #global #forcing #climatemodel #model #modeling #AI #machinelearning

    #water #hydrology #hydroclimate #whiplash #global #spatialanalysis
  33. 💧🌏 Greg Cocks @[email protected] ·

    Environment Auckland [New Zealand] Data Portal [incl. spatial]
    --
    environmentauckland.org.nz/Data <-- shared link to data portal
    --
    ourauckland.aucklandcouncil.go <-- shared 2025 report link
    --
    coastalmonitoringac.netlify.ap <-- shared Auckland Council Beach Monitoring Program page
    --
    [ancetodal: a VERY long time ago I was an intern Engineering Geologist at the Auckland Council, although it was ARC back then 😊 ]
    H/T @David Wright | Senior Field Hydrologist, Hydrology And Data Management Team
    “This portal contains primary data from Auckland Council’s State of the Environment monitoring programmes.
    Te Kaunihera o Tāmaki Makaurau / Auckland Council's Environmental Evaluation and Monitoring Unit carries out environmental monitoring across the region. [They] have been collecting information about Auckland’s environment for more than 30 years and have more than 1,000 monitoring sites across the region. [Their] comprehensive monitoring programmes build a picture of the health of Auckland’s environment, track changes and identify issues...”
    #opendata #Auckland #NewZealand #GIS #spatial #mapping #dataportal #localgovernment #publicservice #publicgood #ratepayers #StateoftheEnvironment #monitoringprogrammes #environment #water #hydrology #waterquality #waterresources #intergration #environmentalmonitoring #airquality #coast #coastal #development #construction #engineering #sediment #biology #biodiversity #ecology #habitat #monitoring #spatialanalysis #spatiotemporal #estuary #river #stream #marine #mitigation #identification
    @Auckland Council

    #opendata #auckland #newzealand #gis #spatial #mapping
  34. 💧🌏 Greg Cocks @[email protected] ·

    NASA’s Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope's ‘Spy Mirror’ Could Transform How We Map The Universe
    --
    discovermagazine.com/nasa-s-na <-- shared technical article
    --
    mos.org/article/ready-roman-na <-- shared technical article
    --
    space.com/space-exploration/th <-- shared technical article
    --
    youtu.be/TcjuucVEB5g?si=I93Bja <-- shared NASA Goddard technical overview video
    --
    youtu.be/lBAuc057pVA?si=IghhCW <-- shared media video
    --
    “… Roman is set to launch on August 30, 2026, and will help us gain a wider view of the universe and collect data faster than its predecessors, such as the Hubble Space Telescope. The telescope will do so thanks to the incredible equipment and instruments built into it.
    These instruments include the primary mirror, which was gifted to NASA by a U.S. intelligence agency, the Wide Field Instrument, and an advanced coronograph. Altogether, these instruments could help us map out more of the universe than we ever imagined.
    “It is an incredible feat of precision engineering. It's quite possibly the most complex scientific instrument that NASA has ever built,” Dominic Benford, …program scientist for the Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope…”
    --
    “Named after NASA’s first chief astronomer, the ‘mother of the Hubble Space Telescope,’ the Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope will have a field of view at least 100 times larger than Hubble's, potentially measuring light from a billion galaxies in its lifetime. This observatory will also be able to block starlight to directly see exoplanets and planet-forming disks, complete a statistical census of planetary systems in our galaxy, and settle essential questions in the areas of dark energy, exoplanets, and infrared astrophysics…”
    --
    The Roman Space Telescope is engineered to investigate the biggest mysteries in astrophysics:
    • Dark Energy & Dark Matter: By surveying billions of galaxies and mapping their distribution, Roman will explore why the universe's expansion is accelerating and trace cosmic history.
    • Exoplanets: It will utilize gravitational microlensing to complete a statistical census of planetary systems in our galaxy, aiming to find thousands of exoplanets, including elusive rogue planets.
    • Infrared Astrophysics: The telescope's deep, crisp infrared vision will help astronomers measure light from up to a billion galaxies over its lifetime.
    #coronograph #astronomy #mapping #exoplanets #universe #telescope #spacetelescope #darkenergy #darkmatter #NancyGrace #NASA #Roman #astrophysics #cosmic #infrared #launch #WideFieldInstrument #instumentation #exploration extraterrestrial observatory #space #remotesensing #galacticbulge #spatialanalysis #spatiotemporal #supernova
    @nasa @nasa Goddard @Discover Magazine

    #coronograph #astronomy #mapping #exoplanets #universe #telescope
  35. 💧🌏 Greg Cocks @[email protected] ·

    🚨 FEMA’s Hazus v7.2 Is Here — A Major Upgrade For Disaster Risk Modeling
    --
    fema.gov/flood-maps/products-t <-- shared link to FEMA HAZUS download, documentation, use case, etc
    --
    [I used to work some with Hazus back in the back, but my career changed path; I still appreciate its strength and unity of purpose (sic) #alldataisspatial]
    H/T @Laban "L.J." Johnson | Founder, LJ Learn & Concordia Initiative | Crisis Support · Leadership Development · Community Resilience | Bridging worlds to help people rise
    “FEMA’s Hazus GIS platform has been updated with a new ArcGIS Pro–based version, bringing faster, more powerful tools for estimating losses from floods, hurricanes, earthquakes, and other natural hazards.
    Key updates in Hazus 7.2 include:
    • Streamlined workflows for flood and hurricane modeling
    • New Earthquake ShakeMap integration using USGS data
    • Expanded and improved results exports and reporting (including geodatabase outputs)
    • Stronger security with known vulnerabilities addressed
    • Performance improvements and optimized installation process
    • [Significantly enhanced and comprehensive summary reports for flood and earthquake are now available for download.]
    • Full integration with ArcGIS Pro (3.4–3.6) for a modern GIS experience
    This release represents a significant step forward in how hazard planners, emergency managers, and GIS professionals analyze and prepare for disaster impacts…”
    --
    “FEMA’s Hazus program provides software, data, methods, and guidance for estimating risk from natural hazards. Hazus can estimate building damages, economic losses, displaced households, casualties, debris generation and more resulting from a natural hazard event and can be used in all phases of emergency management…”
    #HAZUS #fedservice #fedscience #oublicgood #publicsafety #emergencyresponse #software #spatialdata #GIS #spatial #mapping #risk #hazard #riskassessment #naturalhazard #humanimpacts #earthquake #wildfire #spatialanalysis #spatiotemporal #flood #flooding #cost #damage #economic #publicsafety #publichealth #emergencymanagement #opensource #opendata #tsunami #tornado #hurricane #ShakeMap #infrastructure #planning #policy #preparedness #impacts #geology #engineeringgeology #remotesensing #earthobservation
    @FEMA

    #alldataisspatial #hazus #fedservice #fedscience #oublicgood #publicsafety
  36. 💧🌏 Greg Cocks @[email protected] ·

    [G]lobal Decline In Endorheic Basin Water Storages
    --
    doi.org/10.1038/s41561-018-026 <-- shared paper
    --
    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endorhei <-- shared Wikipedia page
    --
    “Endorheic (hydrologically landlocked) basins spatially concur with arid/semi-arid climates. Given limited precipitation but high potential evaporation, their water storage is vulnerable to subtle flux perturbations, which are exacerbated by global warming and human activities. Increasing regional evidence suggests a probably recent net decline in endorheic water storage, but this remains unquantified at a global scale. By integrating satellite observations and hydrological modelling, [they] reveal[ed] that during 2002–2016 the global endorheic system experienced a widespread water loss of about 106.3 Gt/yr, attributed to comparable losses in surface water, soil moisture and groundwater. This decadal decline, disparate from water storage fluctuations in exorheic basins, appears less sensitive to El Niño–Southern Oscillation-driven climate variability, which implies a possible response to longer-term climate conditions and human water management. In the mass-conserved hydrosphere, such an endorheic water loss not only exacerbates local water stress, but also imposes excess water on exorheic basins, leading to a potential sea level rise that matches the contribution of nearly half of the land glacier retreat (excluding Greenland and Antarctica). Given these dual ramifications, [they] suggest the necessity for long-term monitoring of water storage variation in the global endorheic system and the inclusion of its net contribution to future sea level budgeting…”
    #water #hydrology #hydrography #global #waterresources #waterstorage #Endorheic #Basin #watersecurity #arid #semiarid #rainfall #precipitation #spatialanalysis #spatiotemporal #globalwarming #climatechange #humanimpacts #anthropogenic #regional #remotesensing #GIS #spatial #mapping #earthobservation #surfacewater #groundwater #soilmoisture #exorheic #watermanagement #hydrosphere #waterstress #SLR #sealevelrise #monitoring #waterbudgets

    #water #hydrology #hydrography #global #waterresources #waterstorage
  37. 💧🌏 Greg Cocks @[email protected] ·

    Decoupling Of Surface Water Storage From Precipitation In Global Drylands Due To Anthropogenic Activity
    --
    doi.org/10.1038/s44221-024-003 <-- shared paper
    --
    “The availability of surface water in global drylands is essential for both human society and ecosystems. However, the long-term drivers of change in surface water storage, particularly those related to anthropogenic activities, remain unclear. Here [they] use[d] multi-mission remote sensing data to construct monthly time series of water storage changes from 1985 to 2020 for 105,400 lakes and reservoirs in global drylands. An increase of 2.20 km³ per year in surface water storage is found primarily due to the construction of new reservoirs. For lakes and old reservoirs (constructed before 1983), conversely, the trend in storage is minor when aggregated globally, but they dominate surface water storage trends in 91% of individual global dryland basins. Further analysis reveals that long-term storage changes in these water bodies are primarily linked to anthropogenic factors - including human-induced warming and water-management practices - rather than to precipitation changes, as previously thought. These findings reveal a decoupling of surface water storage from precipitation in global drylands, raising concerns about societal and ecosystem sustainability…”
    #water #hydrology #hydrography #waterstorage #waterresources #surfacewater #global #drylands #precipitation #rainfall #watersecurity #ecosystems #habitat #publichealth #anthropogenic #GIS #spatial #mapping #remotesensing #earthobservation #spatiotemporal #spatialanalysis #monitoring #geostatistics #engineering #reservoirs #infrastructure #lakes #waterbodies #globalwarming #climatechange #sustainability #planning #baseline

    #water #hydrology #hydrography #waterstorage #waterresources #surfacewater
  38. 💧🌏 Greg Cocks @[email protected] ·

    Magnetic Storms And Geoelectric Hazards
    --
    doi.org/10.1146/annurev-earth- <-- shared paper / annual review
    --
    #magneticstorm #electromagneticinduction #extremeevent #historicalevent #hazardanalysis #spaceweather #history #Carrington #geoelectric #humanimpacts #risk #hazard #monitoring #network #geology #geomagnetism #impedance #rock #soil #utilities #electricaltransmission #powerlines #magnetotelluric #sensor #magnetometer #blackout #brownout #energy #geoelectrichazard #geoelectric #geostatics #GIS #spatial #mapping #spatialanalysis #spatiotemporal #model #modeling #geomagnetism #geomagneticstorm #telecommunication #electronics #hardened #geography #mitigation #preparedness #geomorphology #geomorphometry #surfacegeology #cost #economics #disaster #impacts #technology #InternetOfThings #internet #USA #review #CONUS #numericalmodeling #realtimemonitoring

    #magneticstorm #electromagneticinduction #extremeevent #historicalevent #hazardanalysis #spaceweather
  39. 💧🌏 Greg Cocks @[email protected] ·

    Human Disturbances Dominated The Unprecedentedly High Frequency Of Yellow River Flood Over The Last Millennium
    --
    doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.adf8576 <-- shared paper
    --
    smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/ <-- shared technical article
    --
    #humanimpacts #anthropogenic #water #hydrography #hydrology #flood #flooding #river #catchment #engineering #riverine #YellowRiver #China #climatechange #extremeweather #floodhazard #risk #hazard #history #historic #sediment #reconstruction #spatialanalysis #spatiotemporal #levee #breaches #Holocene #geologic #fluvial #sustainability #planning #management #watermanagement #stress #change #dating #radiocarbon #OSL #sampling #paleoflood #overtopping #slackwater #sedimentation #model #modeling #embankment #riverstage #dams

    #humanimpacts #anthropogenic #water #hydrography #hydrology #flood
  40. 💧🌏 Greg Cocks @[email protected] ·

    Multidecadal Reconstruction Of Terrestrial Water Storage Changes By Combining Pre-GRACE Satellite Observations And Climate Data
    --
    doi.org/10.5194/essd-18-1747-2 <-- shared paper
    --
    doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15827789 <-- reconstructed fields and corresponding uncertainty datasets
    --
    doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16643628 <-- corresponding time series datasets
    --
    #GIS #spatial #mapping #remotesensing #earthobservation #GRACE #GRACEFO #water #hydrology #hydrography #waterresources #waterstorage #planning #monitoring #spatialanalysis #spatiotemporal #climatemodel #climatechange #extremeweather #regression #AI #machinelearning #rainfall #precipitation #remperatures #parameters #gravity #geodetic #satellite #orbitography #geomorphometry #DORIS #global #reconstruction #limitations #usecase

    #gis #spatial #mapping #remotesensing #earthobservation #grace
  41. 💧🌏 Greg Cocks @[email protected] ·

    Hydrological Response To Climate Change In An Ethiopian Rift Valley Basin - A Multi-Model Ensemble Analysis
    --
    doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrh.2026.10 <-- shared paper
    --
    #climatechange #SWAT #multimodelensemble #hydrologicalresponse #water #hydrology #hydrography #spatialanalysis #spatiotemporal #model #Hamessa #watershed #Africa #EthiopianRiftValley #waterresources #watermanagement #climatemodel #evapotranspiration #ET #groundwater #watersecurity #CausalChainAnalysis #CCA #rainfall #precipitation #extremeweather #drought #wateryield #streamflow #planning #policy #forecasting

    #climatechange #swat #multimodelensemble #hydrologicalresponse #water #hydrology
  42. 💧🌏 Greg Cocks @[email protected] ·

    A 481-Metre-High Landslide-Tsunami In A Cruise Ship–Frequented Alaska Fjord
    --
    doi.org/10.1126/science.aec3187 <-- shared paper
    --
    nytimes.com/2026/05/06/science <-- shared media article
    --
    #naturalhazard #glacier #glacial #melting #risk #hazard #climatechance #extremeweather #tsunami #runup #riskassessment #spatialanalysis #spatiotemporal #cryosphere #disaster #publicsafety #damage #infrastructure #Alaska #fjord #landslide #massmovement #engineeringeology #geology #cruiseship #humanimpacts #water #hydrology #caseexample #monitoring #coast #coastal #marine #wave #microseismicity #remotesensing #earthobservation #tourism #averteddisaster #readiness #awareness #planning #safety #deglaciating

    #naturalhazard #glacier #glacial #melting #risk #hazard
  43. 💧🌏 Greg Cocks @[email protected] ·

    Pan-European Assessment Of Coastal Flood Hazards
    --
    doi.org/10.5194/nhess-26-1859- <-- shared paper
    --
    #coast #coastal #flood #flooding #model #modeling #Europe #UK #naturalhazard #extremeweather #bathtub #dynamic #stormsurge #remotesensing #GIS #spatial #mapping #spatialanalysis #spatiotemporal #risk #hazard #assessment #water #hydrology #marine #hydrography #hydrograph #meansealevel #MSL #tides #waves #tidal #parameters #DEM #dynamicmodels #floodplain #literaturereview

    #coast #coastal #flood #flooding #model #modeling
  44. 💧🌏 Greg Cocks @[email protected] ·

    Characterizing Wildfire Behavior With ECOSTRESS Land Surface Temperature Across Four California Case Studies
    --
    doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoinf.2026. <-- shared paper
    --
    #GIS #spatial #mapping #ECOSTRESS #remotesensing #earthobservation #wildfire #increased #frequency #intensity #forestfire #monitoring #hotspot #detection #Rateofspread #HotspotBurn #severity #spatialanalysis #spatiotemporal #VIIRS #fireradiativepower #FRP #landsurface #temperature #California #casestudy #burn #severity #dNBR #landsat #satellite #WesternUSA #extremeweather #climatechange #water #hydrology #hydrometeorology #drought #humanactivity #humanimpacts #ECOsystemSpaceborneThermalRadiometerExperimentonSpaceStation #ISS #spacestation #LST #rateofspread
    @nasa

    #gis #spatial #mapping #ecostress #remotesensing #earthobservation
  45. 💧🌏 Greg Cocks @[email protected] ·

    Hanging Glaciers In Himalaya Reveal Rising Avalanche Risk
    --
    nature.com/articles/d44151-026 <-- shared technical article
    --
    doi.org/10.1038/s44304-026-002 <-- shared paper
    --
    #GIS #spatial #mapping #risk #hazard #monitoring #engineeringgeology #naturalhazard #Himalaya #Himalayas #Alaknanda #basin #Garhwal #India #ice #cryosphere #massmovement #avalanche #glacier #hangingglacier #cryosphere #remotesensing #spatialanalysis #spatiotemporal #sentinel2 #DEM #elevation #model #modeling #GlabTop2 #unstable #hanging #BadrinathMana #impact #infrastructure #damage #HEP #urbanisation #development #population #publicsafety #demographics #glacialretreat #melting #Chamoli #disaster #earlywarningsystems #Himalayan #glaciers #instability #warming #climatechange #riskassessment #riskclassification #framework #avaflow #runout #downstream #downslope #water #hydrology #planning #policy #mitigation #geomorphology #geomorphometry

    #gis #spatial #mapping #risk #hazard #monitoring
  46. 💧🌏 Greg Cocks @[email protected] ·

    Detecting Land Use And Land Cover Changes And Quantifying Soil Erosion And Sediment Export Using GIS And Remote Sensing In The GERD Catchment, Ethiopia
    --
    doi.org/10.1016/j.iswcr.2026.1 <-- shared paper
    --
    infonile.org/en/2023/05/battli <-- shared technical media article
    --
    doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-6524 <-- shared technical book chapter
    --
    doi.org/10.3390/rs8121020 <-- shared 2016 paper
    --
    #landuse #landcover #RUSLE #model #soil #erosion #sedimentation #GERD #catchment #NorthAfrica #Ethiopia #AbbayBasin #sustainability #landmanagement #agriculture #farmland #foodsecurity #water #hydrogology #reservior #watermanagement #watersecurity #waterresources #catchment #GrandEthiopianRenaissanceDam #BlueNile #hydrography #impoundment #GIS #spatial #mapping #remotesensing #earthobservation #thematic #spatialanalysis #spatiotemporal #landsat #elevation #DEM #CHIRPS #rainfall #precipitation #LULC #AI #forest #grazing #grassland #field #crops #cropland #waterbodies #urban #biophysical #risk #hazard #mitigation #soilquality

    #landuse #landcover #rusle #model #soil #erosion
  47. 💧🌏 Greg Cocks @[email protected] ·

    Influence Of Modeling Assumptions On Pedestrian Evacuation Success For Non-Eruptive Lahar Hazards At Mount Rainier, Washington
    --
    doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2026.1 <-- shared paper
    --
    sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/6 <-- shared, related open data source
    --
    [I still remember working on and being fascinated by lahars being an engineering geologist in Washington State (and from my time studying in New Zealand), although (of course) not to this level of detail/focus]
    #volcano #lahar #evacuation #exposure #model #modeling #engineeringeology #risk #hazard #naturalhazard #MountRainer #Washington #USA #spatialanalysis #spatiotemporal #emergencymanagement #GIS #spatial #mapping #publicsafety #hazardzone #vulcanism #downstream #debrisflow #massmovement #monitoring #detection #geostatistics #demographics #atrisk #fedscience #publicgood #fedservice #opendata
    @USGS

    #volcano #lahar #evacuation #exposure #model #modeling
  48. 💧🌏 Greg Cocks @[email protected] ·

    No Place To Hide? Regional Resilience And Vulnerability To Global Catastrophic Risk
    --
    doi.org/10.31223/X56B60 <-- shared paper
    --
    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global_c <-- shared Wikipedia page
    --
    #GIS #spatial #mapping #spatialanalysis #spatiotemporal #Agriculture #foodsecurity #watersecurity #EarthScience #geology #risk #hazard #EnvironmentalScience, #EnvironmentalStudies #FoodScience #ForestSciences #Geography #PublicHealth #publicsafety #Global #Catastrophic #NuclearWar #civilisation #Pandemic #HEMP #naturalhazard #Volcanic #vulcanism #Eruption #NearEarthObject #asteroid #GeomagneticStorm #spaceweather #Infrastructure #damage #biology #vegetation #forest #Resilience #Vulnerability #polycrisis

    #gis #spatial #mapping #spatialanalysis #spatiotemporal #agriculture
  49. 💧🌏 Greg Cocks @[email protected] ·

    A Review Of Current Best Practices And Future Directions In Assimilating GRACE/-FO Terrestrial Water Storage Data Into Numerical Models
    --
    doi.org/10.5194/hess-30-985-20 <-- shared technical article/review 📖 🔗
    --
    grace.jpl.nasa.gov/ <-- @nasa @JPL home page, Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE)
    --
    #GRACE #GRACEFO #DataAssimilation #EarthObservation #Hydrology #WaterResources #ClimateScience #RemoteSensing #CRC1502 #GIS #spatial #mapping #remotesensing #satellite #earthobservation #water #hydrology #model #modeling #landsurface #hydrogeomorphology #geomorphology #geomorphometry #waterresources #waterstorage #monitoring #groundwater #trends #spatialanalysis #spatiotemporal #droughts #floods #extremeweather #literature #review #summary #watercycle #geostatistics #humanimpacts #irrigation #watermanagement #anthropogenic #pumping #extraction #AI #ML #machinelearning

    #grace #gracefo #dataassimilation #earthobservation #hydrology #waterresources
  50. 💧🌏 Greg Cocks @[email protected] ·

    What Shapes Earthquake Risk In Bangladesh? Geospatial Insights From Physical And Social Factors Using A Spatial Meta-Regression Approach
    --
    doi.org/10.1007/s41748-026-010 <-- shared paper
    --
    #EarthquakeRisk #GIS #Bangladesh #DisasterManagement #SEAsia #GIS #spatial #mapping #risk #hazard #earthquake #naturalhazard #urban #rural #infrastructure #publicsafety #model #modeling #spatialanalysis #spatiotemporal #geomorphology #geology #tectonics #social #cultural #demographics #fault #faulting #factoranalysis #seismichazard #model #modeling #socioeconomics #geophysics #remotesensing #geostatistics #landuse #framework #magnitude #engineering #buildingcode #mitigation #zoning #development #growth #vulnerability

    #earthquakerisk #gis #bangladesh #disastermanagement #seasia #spatial