#landuse — Public Fediverse posts

- doi.org/10.1038/d415...
- www.unep.org/news-and-sto...
- wedocs.unep.org/handle/20.50...
#ClimateChange #Carbon #Policies #DecisionMaking #Emissions #Mitigation #DietaryChange #Diets #LandUse

UN finally admits global warmi...

Optical, Radar, And Hybrid Indices To Detect Farming Practices In Europe
--
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2026.115553 <-- shared paper
--
“HIGHLIGHTS:
• [they] compare[d] Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 time series to detect farming practices.
• HyBRIS index is introduced, temporally weighting BSI and VH/VV into a daily index.
• Time-series minima and maxima are used to predict sowing, harvest, and tillage.
• Validation is performed across several years, crop types, and European locations.
• Phenology detection is improved compared to HRL-Cropland.
ABSTRACT: Arable farming practices dictate both crop cycles and soil dynamics, and are central to agriculture's environmental impact and its mitigation. Sowing and harvesting mark the beginning and end of the growing season, while tillage modifies soil structure during the dormant period. Although well-established methods exist for delineating the growing season using phenology and optical data, the detection of farming practices, particularly tillage, remains underexplored. This study investigates the strengths of radar and optical data to retrieve sowing, harvest, and tillage dates at the field level, and proposes a novel Hybrid Bare Soil Radar Index (HyBRIS). Based on Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2, HyBRIS merges optical and radar data into a single index using a temporally weighted mean. Local minima and maxima of the time series are used to detect farming practices across European sites. Validation is carried out against a reference dataset comprising 238 fields in 11 EU countries, including 462 sowing, 374 harvest, and 388 tillage events covering more than 40 crop types over 8 years. Compared to the Copernicus High Resolution Layer Croplands product (HRL-Cropland), the proposed method based on HyBRIS time series improved sowing and harvest dates detection (MAE 26 and 23 days, respectively). Additionally, this method enabled tillage dates estimation during dormant periods (MAE = 28 days), but tended to overestimate the number of tillage events (producer's accuracy = 97%, user's accuracy = 70%). Incorporating soil moisture data is advised for reducing false positives. The results highlight the potential of optical, radar, and hybrid indices for monitoring agricultural management and supporting environmental stewardship…”
#Sowing #Harvest #tillage #tillagedetection #cropland #CroplandManagement #remotesensing #earthobservation #sentinel #Copernicus #cropland #satellite #optical #radar #sensor #landuse #landcover #landsurface #phenology #agricultural #monitoring #GIS #spatial #mapping #spatialanalysis #spatiotemporal #arable #farming #agriculture #soil #substrate #environment #sustainability #environmentalstewardship #growingseason #Europe #region #model #modeling

Optical, Radar, And Hybrid Indices To Detect Farming Practices In Europe
--
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2026.115553 <-- shared paper
--
“HIGHLIGHTS:
• [they] compare[d] Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 time series to detect farming practices.
• HyBRIS index is introduced, temporally weighting BSI and VH/VV into a daily index.
• Time-series minima and maxima are used to predict sowing, harvest, and tillage.
• Validation is performed across several years, crop types, and European locations.
• Phenology detection is improved compared to HRL-Cropland.
ABSTRACT: Arable farming practices dictate both crop cycles and soil dynamics, and are central to agriculture's environmental impact and its mitigation. Sowing and harvesting mark the beginning and end of the growing season, while tillage modifies soil structure during the dormant period. Although well-established methods exist for delineating the growing season using phenology and optical data, the detection of farming practices, particularly tillage, remains underexplored. This study investigates the strengths of radar and optical data to retrieve sowing, harvest, and tillage dates at the field level, and proposes a novel Hybrid Bare Soil Radar Index (HyBRIS). Based on Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2, HyBRIS merges optical and radar data into a single index using a temporally weighted mean. Local minima and maxima of the time series are used to detect farming practices across European sites. Validation is carried out against a reference dataset comprising 238 fields in 11 EU countries, including 462 sowing, 374 harvest, and 388 tillage events covering more than 40 crop types over 8 years. Compared to the Copernicus High Resolution Layer Croplands product (HRL-Cropland), the proposed method based on HyBRIS time series improved sowing and harvest dates detection (MAE 26 and 23 days, respectively). Additionally, this method enabled tillage dates estimation during dormant periods (MAE = 28 days), but tended to overestimate the number of tillage events (producer's accuracy = 97%, user's accuracy = 70%). Incorporating soil moisture data is advised for reducing false positives. The results highlight the potential of optical, radar, and hybrid indices for monitoring agricultural management and supporting environmental stewardship…”
#Sowing #Harvest #tillage #tillagedetection #cropland #CroplandManagement #remotesensing #earthobservation #sentinel #Copernicus #cropland #satellite #optical #radar #sensor #landuse #landcover #landsurface #phenology #agricultural #monitoring #GIS #spatial #mapping #spatialanalysis #spatiotemporal #arable #farming #agriculture #soil #substrate #environment #sustainability #environmentalstewardship #growingseason #Europe #region #model #modeling

Optical, Radar, And Hybrid Indices To Detect Farming Practices In Europe
--
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2026.115553 <-- shared paper
--
“HIGHLIGHTS:
• [they] compare[d] Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 time series to detect farming practices.
• HyBRIS index is introduced, temporally weighting BSI and VH/VV into a daily index.
• Time-series minima and maxima are used to predict sowing, harvest, and tillage.
• Validation is performed across several years, crop types, and European locations.
• Phenology detection is improved compared to HRL-Cropland.
ABSTRACT: Arable farming practices dictate both crop cycles and soil dynamics, and are central to agriculture's environmental impact and its mitigation. Sowing and harvesting mark the beginning and end of the growing season, while tillage modifies soil structure during the dormant period. Although well-established methods exist for delineating the growing season using phenology and optical data, the detection of farming practices, particularly tillage, remains underexplored. This study investigates the strengths of radar and optical data to retrieve sowing, harvest, and tillage dates at the field level, and proposes a novel Hybrid Bare Soil Radar Index (HyBRIS). Based on Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2, HyBRIS merges optical and radar data into a single index using a temporally weighted mean. Local minima and maxima of the time series are used to detect farming practices across European sites. Validation is carried out against a reference dataset comprising 238 fields in 11 EU countries, including 462 sowing, 374 harvest, and 388 tillage events covering more than 40 crop types over 8 years. Compared to the Copernicus High Resolution Layer Croplands product (HRL-Cropland), the proposed method based on HyBRIS time series improved sowing and harvest dates detection (MAE 26 and 23 days, respectively). Additionally, this method enabled tillage dates estimation during dormant periods (MAE = 28 days), but tended to overestimate the number of tillage events (producer's accuracy = 97%, user's accuracy = 70%). Incorporating soil moisture data is advised for reducing false positives. The results highlight the potential of optical, radar, and hybrid indices for monitoring agricultural management and supporting environmental stewardship…”
#Sowing #Harvest #tillage #tillagedetection #cropland #CroplandManagement #remotesensing #earthobservation #sentinel #Copernicus #cropland #satellite #optical #radar #sensor #landuse #landcover #landsurface #phenology #agricultural #monitoring #GIS #spatial #mapping #spatialanalysis #spatiotemporal #arable #farming #agriculture #soil #substrate #environment #sustainability #environmentalstewardship #growingseason #Europe #region #model #modeling

Optical, Radar, And Hybrid Indices To Detect Farming Practices In Europe
--
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2026.115553 <-- shared paper
--
“HIGHLIGHTS:
• [they] compare[d] Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 time series to detect farming practices.
• HyBRIS index is introduced, temporally weighting BSI and VH/VV into a daily index.
• Time-series minima and maxima are used to predict sowing, harvest, and tillage.
• Validation is performed across several years, crop types, and European locations.
• Phenology detection is improved compared to HRL-Cropland.
ABSTRACT: Arable farming practices dictate both crop cycles and soil dynamics, and are central to agriculture's environmental impact and its mitigation. Sowing and harvesting mark the beginning and end of the growing season, while tillage modifies soil structure during the dormant period. Although well-established methods exist for delineating the growing season using phenology and optical data, the detection of farming practices, particularly tillage, remains underexplored. This study investigates the strengths of radar and optical data to retrieve sowing, harvest, and tillage dates at the field level, and proposes a novel Hybrid Bare Soil Radar Index (HyBRIS). Based on Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2, HyBRIS merges optical and radar data into a single index using a temporally weighted mean. Local minima and maxima of the time series are used to detect farming practices across European sites. Validation is carried out against a reference dataset comprising 238 fields in 11 EU countries, including 462 sowing, 374 harvest, and 388 tillage events covering more than 40 crop types over 8 years. Compared to the Copernicus High Resolution Layer Croplands product (HRL-Cropland), the proposed method based on HyBRIS time series improved sowing and harvest dates detection (MAE 26 and 23 days, respectively). Additionally, this method enabled tillage dates estimation during dormant periods (MAE = 28 days), but tended to overestimate the number of tillage events (producer's accuracy = 97%, user's accuracy = 70%). Incorporating soil moisture data is advised for reducing false positives. The results highlight the potential of optical, radar, and hybrid indices for monitoring agricultural management and supporting environmental stewardship…”
#Sowing #Harvest #tillage #tillagedetection #cropland #CroplandManagement #remotesensing #earthobservation #sentinel #Copernicus #cropland #satellite #optical #radar #sensor #landuse #landcover #landsurface #phenology #agricultural #monitoring #GIS #spatial #mapping #spatialanalysis #spatiotemporal #arable #farming #agriculture #soil #substrate #environment #sustainability #environmentalstewardship #growingseason #Europe #region #model #modeling

Optical, Radar, And Hybrid Indices To Detect Farming Practices In Europe
--
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2026.115553 <-- shared paper
--
“HIGHLIGHTS:
• [they] compare[d] Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 time series to detect farming practices.
• HyBRIS index is introduced, temporally weighting BSI and VH/VV into a daily index.
• Time-series minima and maxima are used to predict sowing, harvest, and tillage.
• Validation is performed across several years, crop types, and European locations.
• Phenology detection is improved compared to HRL-Cropland.
ABSTRACT: Arable farming practices dictate both crop cycles and soil dynamics, and are central to agriculture's environmental impact and its mitigation. Sowing and harvesting mark the beginning and end of the growing season, while tillage modifies soil structure during the dormant period. Although well-established methods exist for delineating the growing season using phenology and optical data, the detection of farming practices, particularly tillage, remains underexplored. This study investigates the strengths of radar and optical data to retrieve sowing, harvest, and tillage dates at the field level, and proposes a novel Hybrid Bare Soil Radar Index (HyBRIS). Based on Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2, HyBRIS merges optical and radar data into a single index using a temporally weighted mean. Local minima and maxima of the time series are used to detect farming practices across European sites. Validation is carried out against a reference dataset comprising 238 fields in 11 EU countries, including 462 sowing, 374 harvest, and 388 tillage events covering more than 40 crop types over 8 years. Compared to the Copernicus High Resolution Layer Croplands product (HRL-Cropland), the proposed method based on HyBRIS time series improved sowing and harvest dates detection (MAE 26 and 23 days, respectively). Additionally, this method enabled tillage dates estimation during dormant periods (MAE = 28 days), but tended to overestimate the number of tillage events (producer's accuracy = 97%, user's accuracy = 70%). Incorporating soil moisture data is advised for reducing false positives. The results highlight the potential of optical, radar, and hybrid indices for monitoring agricultural management and supporting environmental stewardship…”
#Sowing #Harvest #tillage #tillagedetection #cropland #CroplandManagement #remotesensing #earthobservation #sentinel #Copernicus #cropland #satellite #optical #radar #sensor #landuse #landcover #landsurface #phenology #agricultural #monitoring #GIS #spatial #mapping #spatialanalysis #spatiotemporal #arable #farming #agriculture #soil #substrate #environment #sustainability #environmentalstewardship #growingseason #Europe #region #model #modeling

Shifting to lower levels of meat consumption & biofuel production could help protect the climate, water resources & wildlife habitat while feeding more people. The solutions exist: drawdown.org/news/only-ha... #Agriculture #FoodSystem #LandUse #ClimateChange #FoodSecurity #Livestock #Meat #Biofuel

Only half of calories produced...

Drivers Of Forest Disturbance In Southeast Asia [incl. spatial analysis]
--
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jag.2026.105220 <-- shared paper 🔗
--
https://github.com/shijuanchen/SEA_forest_dis <-- shared GitHub ‘data repository 🔗
--
#GIS #spatial #mapping #spatialanalysis #spatiotemporal #forest #vegetation #Forestdisturbance #Forestdegradation #Deforestation #remotesensing #SoutheastAsia #Asia #tropicalforests #timeseriesanalysis #geostatistics #disturbance #clearing #planting #agriculture #earthobservation #imagery #CCDC #changedetection #landcover #landuse #change #plantation #cultivation #slashandburn #planning #mitigation #catalogue #conservation #management #landmanagement #machinelearning #imageanalysis #AI

#China: Modeling suggests that integrating #FoodSystem actions across supply chains, consumer demand & land management could, by 2060, reduce GHG emissions ~40%, improve diet quality ~25% and cut inequality ~20%: doi.org/10.1016/j.sc... #SupplyChains #Consumers #LandUse #Climate #Nutrition

Redirecting

Streamlined theaters of ‘moderne’ movie magic

“Architecture should speak of its time and place, but yearn for timelessness.” – Frank Gehry – Source: brainyquote.com

Listed below are some of the nation’s most iconic movie theaters that feature Streamline Moderne architecture. Related to art deco, Streamline Moderne was employed principally in the 1930s and 40s as a more economical alternative due to the advent of the Great Depression and World War II. It served as a transitional design between art deco and mid-century modern and is often portrayed through sleekness and curvature to portray a sense of aerodynamics and speed.

As the images below attest, the Streamline Moderne style of architecture can also include a hearty salute towards the heavens with pylon towers extending skyward. While the theaters are listed by year of completion, as the Alex Theatre below notes, the tower adornment may have been added at a later date.

To this avid fan of theaters (or “theatres”), the Tower Theatre in Sacramento, the Alex Theatre in Glendale, California, the Normal Theatre in Illinois, and the Academy Theatre in Inglewood, California are among the most visually breathtaking structures in the nation. Fortunately for all of us, a number of these dynamic structures have been preserved through preservation efforts and/or adaptive reuse, though many are no longer utilized solely as theaters.

Enjoy the magical images throughout the post as representations of this most fascinating design. Peace!

——-

Alex Theatre (1925/tower added 1940) – Glendale, California = 100 feet tall

Tower Theatre (1926/tower added 1931) – Miami, Florida – 40 foot pylon tower rises above the theater roof

Lincoln Theatre (1936) – Miami Beach, Florida

Tower Theatre (1936) – Compton, California – Sadly, the tower, sign, and marquee have all been removed.

Tower Theatre (1936) – Houston, Texas – now Doc’s jazz performance venue

Landis Theatre (1937) – Vineland, New Jersey

Liberty Theatre (1937) – Ellensburg, Washington

Tower Theatre (1937) – Oklahoma City, Oklahoma

Tower Theatre (1937-1998) Corpus Christi, Texas = 51 foot tower sign – the tower sign was saved before the building was demolished in 1998

Kallet Theatre (1938) – Oneida, New York

Tower Theatre (1938) – Sacramento, California = 100 foot tall pylon tower

Tower Theatre (1939) – Fresno, California = 80 foot tall finned pylon tower

Grand Theatre (1940) – San. Francisco, California

Tower Theatre (1940) – Bend, Oregon ~ 78 foot tall sign above the roof

Ross Ragland Theatre (1940) – Klamath Falls, Oregon = 97 foot tall tower, including 12 foot spire

20th Century Theatre (1941) – Cincinnati, Ohio

Edison Theatre (1941) – Fort Myers, Florida

Orinda Theatre (1941) – Orinda, California

Fremont Theatre (1942) – San Luis Obispo, California

Del Oro Theatre (1942) – Grass Valley, California ~ 70 foot tall pylon sign

Tower Theatre (1946) – Marysville, California

Will Rogers Theatre (1946) – Oklahoma City, Oklahoma

Brook Theatre (1946) – Tulsa, Oklahoma

Culver/Kirk Douglas Theatre (1946) – Culver City, California

Mulkey Theatre (1946) – Clarendon, Texas

Village Theatre (1947) – Coronado, California

Boomer Theatre (1947) – Norman, Oklahoma

Circle Theatre (1947) – Dallas, Texas – the tower is now gone

Huish Reel Theatre (1947) – Richfield, Utah

Tower Theatre (1947 as the Park-In) – Springfield, Missouri – the tower and marquee include streamline moderne elements.

Alameda Theatre (1949) – San Antonio, Texas = 85 foot tall marquee sign

Galion Theatre (1949) – Galion, Ohio

State Theatre (1949) – Traverse City, Michigan

Edna Theatre (1950) – Edna, Texas = 60 foot tall pylon marquee sign

Hiland Theatre (1950) – Albuquerque, New Mexico – Another example of streamline moderne elements being emphasized in the signage and marquee.

Clyde Theatre (1951) – Fort Wayne, Indiana – the replica sign was installed in 2018

SOURCES:

• https://www.visitokc.com/listing/tower-theatre/2089/
• https://www.tripadvisor.com/Attraction_Review-g32999-d17237738-Reviews-The_Tower_Theatre-Sacramento_California.html
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tower_Theater_(Pennsylvania)
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tower_Theatre_(Fresno,_California)
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tower_Theatre_(Bend,_Oregon)
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tower_Theatre_(Sacramento,_California)
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tower_Theater_(Miami,_Florida)
• https://www.atlasobscura.com/places/del-oro-theatre
• https://ndi-nm.org/hiland-theater/history-of-the-hiland-theater/
• https://noehill.com/yuba/nat1999000692.aspx
• https://www.nmhistoricpreservation.org/assets/files/historic-contexts-and-reports/Movie-Theaters-in-New-Mexico-MPDF-Final-Sent-to-NPS.pdf
• https://www.facebook.com/groups/412764338844049/posts/24629292583431220/
• https://www.retrometrookc.org/tower-theatre/
• https://cinematreasures.org/theaters/11754
• https://www.405magazine.com/boomer-and-bust/
• https://ednatheatre.com/about/historical-information
• https://www.caller.com/story/news/special-reports/building-our-future/throwback/2020/07/08/corpus-christi-tower-theater-landmark-six-points/5390734002/
• https://clydetheatre.com/our-story/
• https://6abc.com/post/iconic-tower-removed-from-tower-theater-/5464901/
• https://www.houstoniamag.com/home-and-real-estate/2024/01/tower-theatre-houston-building-ideas
• gemini.google.ai
• https://ndi-nm.org/hiland-theater/
• https://www.fremontslo.com/venue/
• https://www.fremontslo.com/history/
• https://www.the20thcenturytheater.com/about-us/
• https://fresnotowertheater.com/past-events-artist-list/
• https://coconutgrovespotlight.com/2026/01/12/miami-moves-to-revive-tower-theater-in-little-havana/
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Academy_Theatre_(Inglewood,_California)
• https://www.modernluxury.com/docs-houston-revives-the-tower-theater/
• https://losangelestheatres.blogspot.com/2020/06/tower-compton.html
• https://www.usmodernist.org/archart/the-apple-tower-theatre-in-l-a-from-traditional-building/index.html#:~:text=Charles%20Lee%20designed%20the%20Tower%20Theatre%20in,straight%20up%E2%80%94by%20adding%20a%20150%2Dfoot%2Dtall%20clock%20tower.
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alex_Theatre
• https://www.heraldandnews.com/klamath/object-lesson-spire-atop-ragland-theater/article_1b764290-b3ce-52bf-858e-462cbec23016.html
• https://www.roadarch.com/theatres/in3.html
• http://www.cinematreasures.com
• http://www.roadarch.com
• https://www.roadarch.com/theatres/fl2.html
• https://web.archive.org/web/20060208014715/http://www.lakewoodtheater.com/history/
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Normal_Theater
• https://www.roadarch.com/theatres/il8.html
• https://www.roadarch.com/theatres/nj.html
• https://www.roadarch.com/theatres/ny2.html
• https://www.roadarch.com/theatres/oh3.html

#architecture #art #cinema #cities #film #fun #history #landUse #marquee #movies #pylon #sign #streamlineModerne #theaters #TowerTheater #travel

Remotely Sensed Soil Moisture Can Capture Dynamics Relevant To Plant Water Uptake
--
https://doi.org/10.1029/2022WR033814 <-- shared (2023) paper
--
#GIS #spatial #mapping #remotesensing #global #soil #moisture #earthobservation #Lband #satellite #landsurface #landuse #biosphere #hydrosphere #microwave #vegetation #botany #roots #agriculture #pluvial #rainfall #taproot #planthealth #foodsecurity #production #rootzones #spatialanalysis #spatiotemporal #grasslands #croplands #shrubs #trees #seasonal #water #hydrology #wateruptake #SMAP
@nasa @nasa Goddard @AGU

Remotely Sensed Soil Moisture Can Capture Dynamics Relevant To Plant Water Uptake
--
https://doi.org/10.1029/2022WR033814 <-- shared (2023) paper
--
#GIS #spatial #mapping #remotesensing #global #soil #moisture #earthobservation #Lband #satellite #landsurface #landuse #biosphere #hydrosphere #microwave #vegetation #botany #roots #agriculture #pluvial #rainfall #taproot #planthealth #foodsecurity #production #rootzones #spatialanalysis #spatiotemporal #grasslands #croplands #shrubs #trees #seasonal #water #hydrology #wateruptake #SMAP
@nasa @nasa Goddard @AGU

Remotely Sensed Soil Moisture Can Capture Dynamics Relevant To Plant Water Uptake
--
https://doi.org/10.1029/2022WR033814 <-- shared (2023) paper
--
#GIS #spatial #mapping #remotesensing #global #soil #moisture #earthobservation #Lband #satellite #landsurface #landuse #biosphere #hydrosphere #microwave #vegetation #botany #roots #agriculture #pluvial #rainfall #taproot #planthealth #foodsecurity #production #rootzones #spatialanalysis #spatiotemporal #grasslands #croplands #shrubs #trees #seasonal #water #hydrology #wateruptake #SMAP
@nasa @nasa Goddard @AGU

Remotely Sensed Soil Moisture Can Capture Dynamics Relevant To Plant Water Uptake
--
https://doi.org/10.1029/2022WR033814 <-- shared (2023) paper
--
#GIS #spatial #mapping #remotesensing #global #soil #moisture #earthobservation #Lband #satellite #landsurface #landuse #biosphere #hydrosphere #microwave #vegetation #botany #roots #agriculture #pluvial #rainfall #taproot #planthealth #foodsecurity #production #rootzones #spatialanalysis #spatiotemporal #grasslands #croplands #shrubs #trees #seasonal #water #hydrology #wateruptake #SMAP
@nasa @nasa Goddard @AGU

Remotely Sensed Soil Moisture Can Capture Dynamics Relevant To Plant Water Uptake
--
https://doi.org/10.1029/2022WR033814 <-- shared (2023) paper
--
#GIS #spatial #mapping #remotesensing #global #soil #moisture #earthobservation #Lband #satellite #landsurface #landuse #biosphere #hydrosphere #microwave #vegetation #botany #roots #agriculture #pluvial #rainfall #taproot #planthealth #foodsecurity #production #rootzones #spatialanalysis #spatiotemporal #grasslands #croplands #shrubs #trees #seasonal #water #hydrology #wateruptake #SMAP
@nasa @nasa Goddard @AGU

Gorgeous Southern California civic buildings

Provided below are images of gorgeous civic buildings in Southern California. It is hard to imagine a region in the country with more stately and graceful civic buildings. While all are handsome, this blog author’s personal favorite is the airport terminal building in Long Beach (second image below). It reminds me of the golden age of flying and hat’s off to the city for preserving the original terminal.

Other top five (5) choices are the city halls in Burbank and Beverly Hills, the Central Library in L.A., and the Los Angeles Union Station. Burbank’s City Hall is an Art Deco lover’s dream come true, both inside and out.

Great architecture makes great cities. Peace and enjoy the images!

#airports #architecture #art #Burbank #California #cities #design #Fullerton #fun #Glendale #government #historicPreservation #history #landUse #LongBeach #LosAngeles #Pasadena #planning #rail #theaters #tourism #transportation #travel

Geologically-Driven Migration of Landmines and Explosive Remnants of War - A Feature Focusing on the Western Balkans
-
https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences13060178 <-- shared 2023 paper
--
https://www.kpbs.org/news/2014/05/20/balkan-floods-expose-deadly-mines-from-1990s <-- shared 2014 media example
--
[mechanics/process I know I (fortunately) don’t consider - but fascinating!]
#landmine #unexplodedordnance #explosiveordnance #abandonedexplosiveordnance #IED #improvisedexplosivedevice #military #minefield #war #publicsafety #flood #flooding #landslide #WesternBalkans #balkans #Bosnia #Herzegovina #Serbia #Croatia #stochastic #deterministic #model #modeling #war #battlefield #ordanance #injury #fatality #massmovement #landsurface #processes #engineeringgeology #geology #geology #soil #debrisflow #water #hydrology #risk #hazard #hydromorphology #morphology #geomorphometry #spatialanalysis #GIS #spatial #mapping #riskmapping #fieldsurvey #spatiotemporal #research #hazardmap #planning #polict #landuse #emergency #publichealth #riskmanagement

Geologically-Driven Migration of Landmines and Explosive Remnants of War - A Feature Focusing on the Western Balkans
-
https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences13060178 <-- shared 2023 paper
--
https://www.kpbs.org/news/2014/05/20/balkan-floods-expose-deadly-mines-from-1990s <-- shared 2014 media example
--
[mechanics/process I know I (fortunately) don’t consider - but fascinating!]
#landmine #unexplodedordnance #explosiveordnance #abandonedexplosiveordnance #IED #improvisedexplosivedevice #military #minefield #war #publicsafety #flood #flooding #landslide #WesternBalkans #balkans #Bosnia #Herzegovina #Serbia #Croatia #stochastic #deterministic #model #modeling #war #battlefield #ordanance #injury #fatality #massmovement #landsurface #processes #engineeringgeology #geology #geology #soil #debrisflow #water #hydrology #risk #hazard #hydromorphology #morphology #geomorphometry #spatialanalysis #GIS #spatial #mapping #riskmapping #fieldsurvey #spatiotemporal #research #hazardmap #planning #polict #landuse #emergency #publichealth #riskmanagement

Geologically-Driven Migration of Landmines and Explosive Remnants of War - A Feature Focusing on the Western Balkans
-
https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences13060178 <-- shared 2023 paper
--
https://www.kpbs.org/news/2014/05/20/balkan-floods-expose-deadly-mines-from-1990s <-- shared 2014 media example
--
[mechanics/process I know I (fortunately) don’t consider - but fascinating!]
#landmine #unexplodedordnance #explosiveordnance #abandonedexplosiveordnance #IED #improvisedexplosivedevice #military #minefield #war #publicsafety #flood #flooding #landslide #WesternBalkans #balkans #Bosnia #Herzegovina #Serbia #Croatia #stochastic #deterministic #model #modeling #war #battlefield #ordanance #injury #fatality #massmovement #landsurface #processes #engineeringgeology #geology #geology #soil #debrisflow #water #hydrology #risk #hazard #hydromorphology #morphology #geomorphometry #spatialanalysis #GIS #spatial #mapping #riskmapping #fieldsurvey #spatiotemporal #research #hazardmap #planning #polict #landuse #emergency #publichealth #riskmanagement

Geologically-Driven Migration of Landmines and Explosive Remnants of War - A Feature Focusing on the Western Balkans
-
https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences13060178 <-- shared 2023 paper
--
https://www.kpbs.org/news/2014/05/20/balkan-floods-expose-deadly-mines-from-1990s <-- shared 2014 media example
--
[mechanics/process I know I (fortunately) don’t consider - but fascinating!]
#landmine #unexplodedordnance #explosiveordnance #abandonedexplosiveordnance #IED #improvisedexplosivedevice #military #minefield #war #publicsafety #flood #flooding #landslide #WesternBalkans #balkans #Bosnia #Herzegovina #Serbia #Croatia #stochastic #deterministic #model #modeling #war #battlefield #ordanance #injury #fatality #massmovement #landsurface #processes #engineeringgeology #geology #geology #soil #debrisflow #water #hydrology #risk #hazard #hydromorphology #morphology #geomorphometry #spatialanalysis #GIS #spatial #mapping #riskmapping #fieldsurvey #spatiotemporal #research #hazardmap #planning #polict #landuse #emergency #publichealth #riskmanagement

Geologically-Driven Migration of Landmines and Explosive Remnants of War - A Feature Focusing on the Western Balkans
-
https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences13060178 <-- shared 2023 paper
--
https://www.kpbs.org/news/2014/05/20/balkan-floods-expose-deadly-mines-from-1990s <-- shared 2014 media example
--
[mechanics/process I know I (fortunately) don’t consider - but fascinating!]
#landmine #unexplodedordnance #explosiveordnance #abandonedexplosiveordnance #IED #improvisedexplosivedevice #military #minefield #war #publicsafety #flood #flooding #landslide #WesternBalkans #balkans #Bosnia #Herzegovina #Serbia #Croatia #stochastic #deterministic #model #modeling #war #battlefield #ordanance #injury #fatality #massmovement #landsurface #processes #engineeringgeology #geology #geology #soil #debrisflow #water #hydrology #risk #hazard #hydromorphology #morphology #geomorphometry #spatialanalysis #GIS #spatial #mapping #riskmapping #fieldsurvey #spatiotemporal #research #hazardmap #planning #polict #landuse #emergency #publichealth #riskmanagement

Sentinel-2 Based Estimates Of Rangeland Fractional Cover And Canopy Gap Class For The Western United States
--
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-025-06160-9 <-- shared paper
--
https://rangelands.app/products/rap10m/ <-- shared 10 metre Range Analysis platform overview
--
[aside & totally anecdotal - I have ridden on the road in that last picture - near Sheridan, WY]
--
#GIS #spatial #mapping #fedscience #fedservice #feddata #opendata #usecase #publicgood #rangeland #ecosystems #monitoring #spatialanalysis #spatiotemporal #US #USA #vegetation #satellite #remotesensing #earthobservation #Sentenial #Sentenial2 #canopy #fractionalcover #canopygap #landcover #landuse #grass #pinyon #juniper #opendata #raster #USWest #WesternStates #landsurface #tools #fielddata #model #modeling #BLM #USDA #statistics #geostatistics #RangelandAnalysisPlatform
@USDA @BLM

Sentinel-2 Based Estimates Of Rangeland Fractional Cover And Canopy Gap Class For The Western United States
--
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-025-06160-9 <-- shared paper
--
https://rangelands.app/products/rap10m/ <-- shared 10 metre Range Analysis platform overview
--
[aside & totally anecdotal - I have ridden on the road in that last picture - near Sheridan, WY]
--
#GIS #spatial #mapping #fedscience #fedservice #feddata #opendata #usecase #publicgood #rangeland #ecosystems #monitoring #spatialanalysis #spatiotemporal #US #USA #vegetation #satellite #remotesensing #earthobservation #Sentenial #Sentenial2 #canopy #fractionalcover #canopygap #landcover #landuse #grass #pinyon #juniper #opendata #raster #USWest #WesternStates #landsurface #tools #fielddata #model #modeling #BLM #USDA #statistics #geostatistics #RangelandAnalysisPlatform
@USDA @BLM

Sentinel-2 Based Estimates Of Rangeland Fractional Cover And Canopy Gap Class For The Western United States
--
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-025-06160-9 <-- shared paper
--
https://rangelands.app/products/rap10m/ <-- shared 10 metre Range Analysis platform overview
--
[aside & totally anecdotal - I have ridden on the road in that last picture - near Sheridan, WY]
--
#GIS #spatial #mapping #fedscience #fedservice #feddata #opendata #usecase #publicgood #rangeland #ecosystems #monitoring #spatialanalysis #spatiotemporal #US #USA #vegetation #satellite #remotesensing #earthobservation #Sentenial #Sentenial2 #canopy #fractionalcover #canopygap #landcover #landuse #grass #pinyon #juniper #opendata #raster #USWest #WesternStates #landsurface #tools #fielddata #model #modeling #BLM #USDA #statistics #geostatistics #RangelandAnalysisPlatform
@USDA @BLM

Sentinel-2 Based Estimates Of Rangeland Fractional Cover And Canopy Gap Class For The Western United States
--
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-025-06160-9 <-- shared paper
--
https://rangelands.app/products/rap10m/ <-- shared 10 metre Range Analysis platform overview
--
[aside & totally anecdotal - I have ridden on the road in that last picture - near Sheridan, WY]
--
#GIS #spatial #mapping #fedscience #fedservice #feddata #opendata #usecase #publicgood #rangeland #ecosystems #monitoring #spatialanalysis #spatiotemporal #US #USA #vegetation #satellite #remotesensing #earthobservation #Sentenial #Sentenial2 #canopy #fractionalcover #canopygap #landcover #landuse #grass #pinyon #juniper #opendata #raster #USWest #WesternStates #landsurface #tools #fielddata #model #modeling #BLM #USDA #statistics #geostatistics #RangelandAnalysisPlatform
@USDA @BLM

Sentinel-2 Based Estimates Of Rangeland Fractional Cover And Canopy Gap Class For The Western United States
--
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-025-06160-9 <-- shared paper
--
https://rangelands.app/products/rap10m/ <-- shared 10 metre Range Analysis platform overview
--
[aside & totally anecdotal - I have ridden on the road in that last picture - near Sheridan, WY]
--
#GIS #spatial #mapping #fedscience #fedservice #feddata #opendata #usecase #publicgood #rangeland #ecosystems #monitoring #spatialanalysis #spatiotemporal #US #USA #vegetation #satellite #remotesensing #earthobservation #Sentenial #Sentenial2 #canopy #fractionalcover #canopygap #landcover #landuse #grass #pinyon #juniper #opendata #raster #USWest #WesternStates #landsurface #tools #fielddata #model #modeling #BLM #USDA #statistics #geostatistics #RangelandAnalysisPlatform
@USDA @BLM

Diversion Channels vs. Climate Change: Will Five Cities’ Flood Protection Strategy Be Enough?

Many of those reading this post may recall scenes from the disastrous floods that took place along the Red River of the North in 1997, 2009, and 2011. Cities like Fargo and Grand Forks, North Dakota were severely impacted by floodwaters due to snowmelt and ice jams along that northward flowing river. Further north along the same river, in Manitoba, Winnipeg has dealt with significant flooding on multiple occasions.

Part of the problem along this particular river valley is there is very little topographical change in this area, so when river levels run high, the floodwaters spread out far and wide across the northern prairie landscape. The limited grade change also tends to slow the speed of the river’s flow, which can add to the backup.

To address these costly and dangerous flooding problems along the Red River of the North, both Winnipeg and Grand Forks have developed enormous flood diversion channels around their urban area. Meanwhile, Fargo is close to completing its diversion channel. These three diversion systems are discussed below followed by other diversion channel programs established in Wichita, Kansas and Albuquerque, New Mexico.

Red River Floodway – Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada = 29 mile diversion channel

• Completed in 1968 for $63 million and enlargement completed in 2010 for $665 million
• Designated a National Historic Site in 2000
• Capacity of 140,000 cubic feet per second
• 2.7 billion cubic feet of Earth moved (more than the Suez Canal)

——-

English Coulee Diversion Channel – Grand Forks, ND, USA = 13 mile diversion channel for English Coulee and 8 miles of flood walls/levees along the Red River of the North

• The diversion channel for English Coulee bypassing Grand Forks was completed in 1990. Unfortunately, increasing the height of flood walls and levees was not completed until 2007.
• Total project cost was $409 million including the flood walls and levees on the Red River of the North.
• Flood protection was raised from 50 feet to 60 feet.
• Flood/stormwaters can be also pumped to the diversion channel from the city — up to 112,000 gallons per minute (= 250 cubic feet per second).
• Twenty miles of greenways trails

——-

Fargo-Moorhead Area Diversion Project – Fargo, ND/Moorhead, MN, USA = 30 mile diversion channel and 22 mile earthen embankment at the southern end of the complex

• To be completed in 2027 for $3.2 billion
• The Red River has reached flood stage in Fargo 60 times since 1902, including every single year between 1993 and 2011.
• Designed to withstand a 100-year flood and provide fightable protection against a 500-year flood.
• Capacity of 20,000 cubic feet per second.
• Other features will include levees, flood walls, stormwater lift stations, road improvements including raising grades, upstream mitigation, wetland mitigation, river restoration, a bike/walking trail, and related flood control projects in outer communities and in nearby Minnesota.

——-

Further to the south, Wichita, Kansas has faced similar issues with flooding from the Arkansas and Little Arkansas Rivers. To limit future damage to life and property in the city, an enormous flood diversion project was completed here in 1959. This diversion channel is very visible to drivers along Interstate 235 around the west side of the city.

Wichita-Valley Center Floodway – Wichita, KS, USA = 18 mile diversion channel

• Completed in 1959 for $20 million
• Includes 50 miles of connecting channels, 100 miles of levees, and 150 control structures.
• The diversion channel has a flood carrying capacity twice that of the Arkansas River itself, while the Little Arkansas River portion around the town of Valley Center has a capacity of 55,000 cubic feet per second.

——–

In an altogether different context, Albuquerque, New Mexico can also face quick and devastating floods, but not from a flat terrain. Instead, the threat here is threefold – rapid snowmelt from the abutting Sandia Mountains flowing down into the city and the valley combined with urban stormwater runoff and heavy summer monsoon-season rains (yes, we have a monsoon season here) overwhelming the natural arroyos and dry stream beds. In Albuquerque, a network of diversion channels has been developed, with two primary ones (the North and South Diversion Channels) being the largest collectors and distributors of stormwater and floodwaters from natural arroyos and human made/enhanced channels.

North Diversion Channel – Albuquerque, NM, USA = 8.7 miles

• Completed in 1969 at a cost of $20.3 million
• Capacity of 44,000 cubic feet per second ~ equivalent to a 500-year flood event
• Collects flood/storm waters from 50 square miles and discharges it into the Rio Grande
• A bicycle/pedestrian trail runs along the top of the channel for its entire length.
• Passes through the heart of the city instead of around it.

South Diversion Channel – Albuquerque, NM, USA ~ 5.5 miles

• Completed in 1972 at a cost of $8.3 million and discharges into the Rio Grande
• A bicycle/pedestrian trail runs along the top of the channel for much of its length.

——-

As these five examples show, there are viable options for protecting life, limb, and property from devastating floods in urban areas. That being said, as the Earth’s climate continues to become warmer, bringing with it heavier rainfalls and stronger storms, even these diversion channels and their associated infrastructure may become overwhelmed by future weather events.

Therefore, addressing only the after-the-fact results of storms will not protect our communities as long as climate change is allowed to continue on its current trajectory. Humankind must also address the root causes of climate change, including the impacts we create by our individual and collective actions and activities. This includes making hard choices…frankly choices that highly-developed First World countries like the United States too often avoid making.

Furthermore, when nations ignore climate reality, these five cities, let alone many others across the planet, will need to upgrade their flood defenses over and over again. In this era of climate change, such efforts will not and cannot solve the problem alone. Humanity must find the “sustainable willpower” to effectively address climate change for the long term. In the end, future generations will be grateful that we did.

Peace!

#albuquerque #cities #climateChange #diversionChannels #environment #fargo #flooding #floodplain #floods #geography #grandForks #history #infrastructure #landUse #monsoonSeason #planning #rivers #stormwater #wichita #winnipeg

Land Surface Heterogeneity And Tornado Occurrence - An Analysis Of Tornado Alley And Dixie Alley
--
https://doi.org/10.1080/19475705.2019.1583292 <-- shared paper
--
#GIS #spatial #mapping #NLCD #climatechange #severeweather #extremeweather #environment #slope #remotesensing #landcover #extremeweather #landcover #landuse #tornado #risk #hazard #damage #cost #economics #publicsafety #infrastructure #loss #USA #TornadoAlley #DixieAlley #landsurface #topography #vegetation #spatialanalysis #model #modeling #heterogeneity #variables #parameters #factors #geostatistics #statistics #EROS #fedscience

Land Surface Heterogeneity And Tornado Occurrence - An Analysis Of Tornado Alley And Dixie Alley
--
https://doi.org/10.1080/19475705.2019.1583292 <-- shared paper
--
#GIS #spatial #mapping #NLCD #climatechange #severeweather #extremeweather #environment #slope #remotesensing #landcover #extremeweather #landcover #landuse #tornado #risk #hazard #damage #cost #economics #publicsafety #infrastructure #loss #USA #TornadoAlley #DixieAlley #landsurface #topography #vegetation #spatialanalysis #model #modeling #heterogeneity #variables #parameters #factors #geostatistics #statistics #EROS #fedscience

Land Surface Heterogeneity And Tornado Occurrence - An Analysis Of Tornado Alley And Dixie Alley
--
https://doi.org/10.1080/19475705.2019.1583292 <-- shared paper
--
#GIS #spatial #mapping #NLCD #climatechange #severeweather #extremeweather #environment #slope #remotesensing #landcover #extremeweather #landcover #landuse #tornado #risk #hazard #damage #cost #economics #publicsafety #infrastructure #loss #USA #TornadoAlley #DixieAlley #landsurface #topography #vegetation #spatialanalysis #model #modeling #heterogeneity #variables #parameters #factors #geostatistics #statistics #EROS #fedscience

Land Surface Heterogeneity And Tornado Occurrence - An Analysis Of Tornado Alley And Dixie Alley
--
https://doi.org/10.1080/19475705.2019.1583292 <-- shared paper
--
#GIS #spatial #mapping #NLCD #climatechange #severeweather #extremeweather #environment #slope #remotesensing #landcover #extremeweather #landcover #landuse #tornado #risk #hazard #damage #cost #economics #publicsafety #infrastructure #loss #USA #TornadoAlley #DixieAlley #landsurface #topography #vegetation #spatialanalysis #model #modeling #heterogeneity #variables #parameters #factors #geostatistics #statistics #EROS #fedscience

Land Surface Heterogeneity And Tornado Occurrence - An Analysis Of Tornado Alley And Dixie Alley
--
https://doi.org/10.1080/19475705.2019.1583292 <-- shared paper
--
#GIS #spatial #mapping #NLCD #climatechange #severeweather #extremeweather #environment #slope #remotesensing #landcover #extremeweather #landcover #landuse #tornado #risk #hazard #damage #cost #economics #publicsafety #infrastructure #loss #USA #TornadoAlley #DixieAlley #landsurface #topography #vegetation #spatialanalysis #model #modeling #heterogeneity #variables #parameters #factors #geostatistics #statistics #EROS #fedscience

Landslide Susceptibility Assessment In The Marin Khola Watershed Of The Sub Himalaya, Central Nepal
--
https://doi.org/10.3126/jist.v30i1.76264 <-- shared paper
--
#GIS #spatial #mapping #geology #engineeringgeology #massmovement #landslides #Nepal #susceptibility #MarinKhola #watershed #InfoVal #Siwaliks #Himalayas #risk #hazard #cost #infrastructure #publicsafety #lossoflife #propertydamage #damage #geomorphology #water #hydrology #geomorphometry #casestudies #spatialanalysis #water #hydrology #factors #topography #geology #soil #landuse #landcover #model #modeling #accuracy

Prime Victorian dairy farming land is being bought for tree plantations aimed at producing pulp and earning carbon credits. Buyers include a German company and #GinaRinehart. Concerned locals are calling for a moratorium on tree planting and changes to land use rules to protect food-producing land from disappearing.

#landuse #dairyfarming #treeplantations #carboncredits #victoria #farmlandprotection #foodsecurity #sustainableagriculture #landpolicy #plantationforestry #ForeignInvestment #aus4sale #ForeignOwned #auspol #woodchips #carboncredits

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oHq5xV0PIYU

Spatial Prediction Of Soil Properties Using Random Forest, K-Nearest Neighbors And Cubist Approaches In The Foothills Of The Ural Mountains, Russia
--
https://doi.org/10.1007/s40808-023-01723-4 <-- shared paper
--
#GIS #spatial #mapping #soil #properties #environmental #water #machinelearning #ml #UralMountains #Russia #model #modeling #research #remotesensing #productivity #gauging #SOM #pH #organicmatter #organic #sampling #correlation #DEM #satellite #landcover #landuse #LULC #statistics #prediction #geostatistics #erosion #deposition #agriculture