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#hydrology — Public Fediverse posts

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  1. 💧🌏 Greg Cocks @[email protected] ·

    Global Performance of #RemoteSensing Based and Reanalysis-Driven Models to Estimate Open Water Evaporation
    --
    doi.org/10.1029/2025WR042363
    --
    “ABSTRACT: Evaporation plays an essential role in the water cycle, influencing local and regional climates while directly impacting water availability in lakes. However, directly measuring evaporation over water bodies remains challenging due to the high costs of installing and maintaining the required in situ instrumentation. Although several remote sensing algorithms have been providing evaporation estimates, the lack of a global validation hinders our understanding of their relative uncertainties and performances across different regions. Here, [they] analyze[d] the performance of a suite of models that leverage satellite data and meteorological reanalysis to estimate evaporation over lakes worldwide. [They] compare[d] three remote sensing-based models, one reanalysis-driven model and one ensemble approach, using in situ observations from 27 lakes representing a diverse range of geographic and climatic regions. [Their] results demonstrate that, overall, the ensemble outperformed any individual model in terms of accuracy, with a RMSE and a bias of 1.3 and 0.3 mm/day, respectively. These findings highlight the benefits of using an ensemble approach to estimate open water evaporation with satellite-based models at the global scale, leveraging the unique strengths of each model. For the individual models, differences in the representation of heat storage changes and advection effects led to lower values of RMSE and bias, depending on the location and depth of the lakes. This study sets the path for future improvement of open water evaporation algorithms globally, while remote sensing techniques are proven satisfactory to monitoring of water loss in lakes globally, an essential step toward effective large-scale water resources management.
    PLAIN LANGUAGE SUMMARY: Water loss through evaporation in lakes and reservoirs directly affects water availability, which highlights the need to monitor these losses. However, measuring evaporation in situ is challenging and expensive. An alternative is to estimate evaporation using remote-sensing models and compare these estimates with in-situ data to verify their accuracy. Here, [they] evaluated four models and their ensemble (the models' mean value) using measurements from 27 lakes and reservoirs worldwide. [They] found that the ensemble presented higher accuracy and consistency than any individual model because it benefits from the strengths of each model. This approach can guide future improvements in estimating open-water evaporation, which is essential for large-scale water-resource management…”
    #global #mapping #earthobservation #GIS #spatial #spatialanalysis #spatiotemporal #model #modeling #water #hydrology #surfacewater #waterbody #lake #reservoir #evaporation #evapotranspiration #watercycle #weather #meteorology #usecase #waterresources #watermanagement #waterloss #regional #estimate #policy #planning #instrumentation #comparasion

    #remotesensing #global #mapping #earthobservation #gis #spatial
  2. 💧🌏 Greg Cocks @GregCocks ·

    Global Performance of Based and Reanalysis-Driven Models to Estimate Open Water Evaporation
    --
    doi.org/10.1029/2025WR042363
    --
    “ABSTRACT: Evaporation plays an essential role in the water cycle, influencing local and regional climates while directly impacting water availability in lakes. However, directly measuring evaporation over water bodies remains challenging due to the high costs of installing and maintaining the required in situ instrumentation. Although several remote sensing algorithms have been providing evaporation estimates, the lack of a global validation hinders our understanding of their relative uncertainties and performances across different regions. Here, [they] analyze[d] the performance of a suite of models that leverage satellite data and meteorological reanalysis to estimate evaporation over lakes worldwide. [They] compare[d] three remote sensing-based models, one reanalysis-driven model and one ensemble approach, using in situ observations from 27 lakes representing a diverse range of geographic and climatic regions. [Their] results demonstrate that, overall, the ensemble outperformed any individual model in terms of accuracy, with a RMSE and a bias of 1.3 and 0.3 mm/day, respectively. These findings highlight the benefits of using an ensemble approach to estimate open water evaporation with satellite-based models at the global scale, leveraging the unique strengths of each model. For the individual models, differences in the representation of heat storage changes and advection effects led to lower values of RMSE and bias, depending on the location and depth of the lakes. This study sets the path for future improvement of open water evaporation algorithms globally, while remote sensing techniques are proven satisfactory to monitoring of water loss in lakes globally, an essential step toward effective large-scale water resources management.
    PLAIN LANGUAGE SUMMARY: Water loss through evaporation in lakes and reservoirs directly affects water availability, which highlights the need to monitor these losses. However, measuring evaporation in situ is challenging and expensive. An alternative is to estimate evaporation using remote-sensing models and compare these estimates with in-situ data to verify their accuracy. Here, [they] evaluated four models and their ensemble (the models' mean value) using measurements from 27 lakes and reservoirs worldwide. [They] found that the ensemble presented higher accuracy and consistency than any individual model because it benefits from the strengths of each model. This approach can guide future improvements in estimating open-water evaporation, which is essential for large-scale water-resource management…”

    #remotesensing #global #mapping #earthobservation #gis #spatial
  3. 💧🌏 Greg Cocks @[email protected] ·

    Can Himalayan Crops Help Secure The Future Of Food?
    (Exploring how genomic diversity, traditional crops, and regional cooperation can strengthen climate resilience and food security across the Hindu Kush Himalaya [HKH])
    --
    substack.com/home/post/p-20744 <-- shared technical post
    --
    openlibrary.substack.com/ <-- shared Substack, “Open Library on Green Economy”
    --
    adaptationwithoutborders.org/k <-- shared technical article, “Shifting cooperation in the [HKH]”
    --
    icimod.org/who-we-are/the-hind <-- background on the HKH, International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD)
    --
    doi.org/10.48130/cas-0026-0003 <-- shared paper
    --
    [not at all my technical area - but fascinating, including the spatial component #alldataisspatial]
    H/T @jeevan Labh
    “As we navigate the intensifying impacts of the 2026 El Niño, the vulnerability of our global food systems require careful evaluation. With this year’s erratic weather patterns driving severe, prolonged droughts in some regions and unseasonal, devastating floods in others, the climate crisis is proving that it is not a distant threat; it is happening right now, in our fields and on our plates.
    This crisis is more visible in the Hindu Kush Himalaya (HKH) region. Often called the “water tower of Asia,” this vast mountain range sustains 240 million people across eight countries and provides essential ecosystem services to nearly 2 billion people downstream. When glaciers melt at accelerated rates and monsoons become unpredictable, the narrative often focuses solely on the mountain communities. But the truth is much broader: a disrupted harvest in the high hills of Nepal or Bhutan creates a domino effect. It leads to displaced populations, reduced agricultural output flowing into the Indus, Ganges, and Brahmaputra basins, and ultimately, skyrocketing food prices for families living in the sprawling downstream plains.
    The climate crisis respects no borders and recognizes no difference between altitude and sea level. Because this problem affects us all, the solution must protect us all. Fortunately, the means to overcome this challenge are already in our hands, locked within the ancient seeds of the mountains…”
    ## #GreenEconomy #economy #monoculture #agriculture #farming #crop #cropland #HinduKushHimalaya #himalaya #mountain #HKH #spatial #mapping #elevation #climatechange #foodsecurity #food #extremeweather #weather #ElNiño #drought #rainfall #precipitation #snowmelt #climatecrisis #mountainrange #water #hydrology #ecosystem #glacier #moonsoons #community #harvest #Nepal #Bhutan #watersheds #watersecurity #risk #hazard #waterresources #genes #genomicdiversity #cooperation

    #alldataisspatial #greeneconomy #economy #monoculture #agriculture #farming
  4. 💧🌏 Greg Cocks @GregCocks ·

    Can Himalayan Crops Help Secure The Future Of Food?
    (Exploring how genomic diversity, traditional crops, and regional cooperation can strengthen climate resilience and food security across the Hindu Kush Himalaya [HKH])
    --
    substack.com/home/post/p-20744 <-- shared technical post
    --
    openlibrary.substack.com/ <-- shared Substack, “Open Library on Green Economy”
    --
    adaptationwithoutborders.org/k <-- shared technical article, “Shifting cooperation in the [HKH]”
    --
    icimod.org/who-we-are/the-hind <-- background on the HKH, International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD)
    --
    doi.org/10.48130/cas-0026-0003 <-- shared paper
    --
    [not at all my technical area - but fascinating, including the spatial component ]
    H/T @jeevan Labh
    “As we navigate the intensifying impacts of the 2026 El Niño, the vulnerability of our global food systems require careful evaluation. With this year’s erratic weather patterns driving severe, prolonged droughts in some regions and unseasonal, devastating floods in others, the climate crisis is proving that it is not a distant threat; it is happening right now, in our fields and on our plates.
    This crisis is more visible in the Hindu Kush Himalaya (HKH) region. Often called the “water tower of Asia,” this vast mountain range sustains 240 million people across eight countries and provides essential ecosystem services to nearly 2 billion people downstream. When glaciers melt at accelerated rates and monsoons become unpredictable, the narrative often focuses solely on the mountain communities. But the truth is much broader: a disrupted harvest in the high hills of Nepal or Bhutan creates a domino effect. It leads to displaced populations, reduced agricultural output flowing into the Indus, Ganges, and Brahmaputra basins, and ultimately, skyrocketing food prices for families living in the sprawling downstream plains.
    The climate crisis respects no borders and recognizes no difference between altitude and sea level. Because this problem affects us all, the solution must protect us all. Fortunately, the means to overcome this challenge are already in our hands, locked within the ancient seeds of the mountains…”
    ##

    #alldataisspatial #greeneconomy #economy #monoculture #agriculture #farming
  5. Scientific Frontline @[email protected] ·

    Plant canopy temperature—the actual heat experienced on leaf surfaces—is increasing at a significantly faster rate than ambient air temperature. Current climate models largely rely on air temperature, leading to a systematic underestimation of the thermal stress vegetation will face as global temperatures rise.
    #Climatology #PlantPhysiology #Ecology #EnvironmentalScience #Hydrology #ClimateChange #sflorg
    sflorg.com/2026/07/as07212601.

    #climatology #plantphysiology #ecology #environmentalscience #hydrology #climatechange
  6. Scientific Frontline @[email protected] ·

    Plant canopy temperature—the actual heat experienced on leaf surfaces—is increasing at a significantly faster rate than ambient air temperature. Current climate models largely rely on air temperature, leading to a systematic underestimation of the thermal stress vegetation will face as global temperatures rise.
    #Climatology #PlantPhysiology #Ecology #EnvironmentalScience #Hydrology #ClimateChange #sflorg
    sflorg.com/2026/07/as07212601.

    #climatology #plantphysiology #ecology #environmentalscience #hydrology #climatechange
  7. 💧🌏 Greg Cocks @[email protected] ·

    Impact of River Morphology on River–Groundwater Exchange in Braided River Systems
    --
    doi.org/10.1111/gwat.70092 <-- shared paper
    --
    H/T @thomas Wöhling | Professor at TU Dresden
    “Do you like braided rivers? We think they are soooo beautiful. And they are interesting to study as well. Particularly how these complex and transient systems interact with regional aquifers…”
    --
    “Coupled models of two braided rivers with real, pre- and postflood event morphologies are studied for river–groundwater exchange changes…”
    --
    “Braided river systems are an important source for groundwater recharge, but their complex morphology makes river–groundwater exchange fluxes difficult to estimate. Their river channel morphology changes frequently after floods, which has effects on recharge rates that have rarely been studied in the past. This work aims to isolate the effects of changes in braided river morphology on groundwater recharge for two sections of the Wairau River and Waikirikiri River in New Zealand. For each study site, two different river morphology variants of a fully coupled surface water–groundwater model utilizing high-resolution DEMs of river bathymetry before and after a major flood event were set up while keeping parameterization and boundary conditions the same. The models demonstrate that flood-induced morphology changes in braided river systems alter groundwater recharge. [They] identif[ied] features, both simulated and observed, that explain the direction of change. Features that increase groundwater recharge are a larger braidplain aquifer extent and volume, larger wetted area and, specifically, an increase of areas with high exchange rates in locations of larger gradients between braidplain aquifer and regional aquifer. These factors influence groundwater recharge independent of connection (Wairau River) or disconnection (Waikirikiri River) of the system to the regional aquifer, albeit with different magnitudes. An extension of [their] research to other braided rivers is needed to more broadly generalize [their] findings...”
    #NewZealand #river #morphology #braided #Waikirikiri #Wairau #water #hydrology #hydrography #model #modeling #groundwater #aquifer #waterresources #recharge #infiltration #flood #flow #flooding #hydrogeomorphology #exchangefluxes #surfacewater #remotesensing #DEM #elevation #spatialanalysis #GIS #spatial #mapping #change #dynamic #spatiotemporal #bathymetry

    #newzealand #river #morphology #braided #waikirikiri #wairau
  8. 💧🌏 Greg Cocks @GregCocks ·

    Impact of River Morphology on River–Groundwater Exchange in Braided River Systems
    --
    doi.org/10.1111/gwat.70092 <-- shared paper
    --
    H/T @thomas Wöhling | Professor at TU Dresden
    “Do you like braided rivers? We think they are soooo beautiful. And they are interesting to study as well. Particularly how these complex and transient systems interact with regional aquifers…”
    --
    “Coupled models of two braided rivers with real, pre- and postflood event morphologies are studied for river–groundwater exchange changes…”
    --
    “Braided river systems are an important source for groundwater recharge, but their complex morphology makes river–groundwater exchange fluxes difficult to estimate. Their river channel morphology changes frequently after floods, which has effects on recharge rates that have rarely been studied in the past. This work aims to isolate the effects of changes in braided river morphology on groundwater recharge for two sections of the Wairau River and Waikirikiri River in New Zealand. For each study site, two different river morphology variants of a fully coupled surface water–groundwater model utilizing high-resolution DEMs of river bathymetry before and after a major flood event were set up while keeping parameterization and boundary conditions the same. The models demonstrate that flood-induced morphology changes in braided river systems alter groundwater recharge. [They] identif[ied] features, both simulated and observed, that explain the direction of change. Features that increase groundwater recharge are a larger braidplain aquifer extent and volume, larger wetted area and, specifically, an increase of areas with high exchange rates in locations of larger gradients between braidplain aquifer and regional aquifer. These factors influence groundwater recharge independent of connection (Wairau River) or disconnection (Waikirikiri River) of the system to the regional aquifer, albeit with different magnitudes. An extension of [their] research to other braided rivers is needed to more broadly generalize [their] findings...”

    #newzealand #river #morphology #braided #waikirikiri #wairau
  9. Australia News Beep @[email protected] ·

    Targeted tropical forest restoration can offset deforestation-induced water flux losses

    Mitchard, E. T. A. The tropical forest carbon cycle and climate change. Nature 559, 527–534 (2018). Article  CAS …
    #NewsBeep #News #Environment #AU #Australia #Climatechange #ClimateChange/ClimateChangeImpacts #EnvironmentalLaw/Policy/Ecojustice #Forestecology #general #hydrology #Science
    newsbeep.com/au/803541/

    #newsbeep #news #environment #au #australia #climatechange
  10. Planetary Ecologist @[email protected] ·

    Soil-plant-atmosphere continuum (Hydrology 💧)

    The soil-plant-atmosphere continuum is the pathway for water moving from soil through plants to the atmosphere. Continuum in the description highlights the continuous nature of water connection through the pathway. The low water potential of the atmosphere, and relatively higher w...

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soil-pla

    #SoilPlantAtmosphereContinuum #Hydrology #Climatology #SoilPhysics #PlantPhysiology #EcologicalProcesses

    #soilplantatmospherecontinuum #hydrology #climatology #soilphysics #plantphysiology #ecologicalprocesses
  11. 💧🌏 Greg Cocks @[email protected] ·

    Ancient Urbanism on the Mississippi - The Geography of Cahokia
    --
    americangeo.substack.com/p/the <-- shared technical article
    --
    doi.org/10.3389/frsc.2019.00006 <-- shared paper
    --
    libarts.source.colostate.edu/n <-- shared technical article
    --
    nationalgeographic.com/science <-- shared technical media article
    --
    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cahokia <-- shared wiki page
    --
    H/T @American Geographical Society
    “When people think of pre-Columbian cities in the Americas before European colonization, examples such as Tenochtitlan, Chichen Itza, or Cusco usually come to mind. However, few know that there is another pre-Columbian city located in the present-day United States: Cahokia. Known for its impressive mounds, Cahokia in the 12th century CE was the largest metropolitan area and the most complex political system in North America north of Mexico.
    Cahokia was a dynamic urban center with large-scale cultural influence. That cultural influence is called the term “Mississippian.” The Mississippian culture in the Eastern Woodlands depended on an area of high natural and agricultural productivity, and absorbed much of the rural population in the development of Cahokia, transforming their labor from agriculture to public works. Archaeologists use “Mississippian” to refer to people who were part of a cultural tradition whose maximal expression occurred at Cahokia, and that was widespread across major portions of the Mississippi River valley, the Southeastern U.S., and beyond toward the Gulf Coast and as far north/northwest as Wisconsin and South Dakota. Cahokia had religious, political, and cultural exchanges over this vast area.
    At its peak, the population of Cahokia was believed to be roughly between 10,000 and 40,000 people, rivaling the size of many European cities at the time. As it collapsed, its population reoccupied the countryside, and later, left the region. The ability to study the full course of a city’s life from development to collapse and abandonment is rare, and studying Cahokia reveals important insights on early urban life at the hub of a vast riverine trade network spanning North America. Despite the ancient city’s prominence in the Eastern Woodlands area during the Mississippian Period (900 - 1600 CE), much has yet to be uncovered about this settlement…”
    #water #hydrology #ancienthistory #AGSGlobe #Mississippian #Urbanism #Mississippi #Geography #Cahokia #FirstNation #preColumbian #Missouri #mounds #archaeology #NorthAmerica #urban #city #foodsecurity #watersecurity #metropolitan #ancient #culture #spatialanalysis
    @AmericanGeographicalSociety

    #water #hydrology #ancienthistory #agsglobe #mississippian #urbanism
  12. 💧🌏 Greg Cocks @GregCocks ·

    Ancient Urbanism on the Mississippi - The Geography of Cahokia
    --
    americangeo.substack.com/p/the <-- shared technical article
    --
    doi.org/10.3389/frsc.2019.00006 <-- shared paper
    --
    libarts.source.colostate.edu/n <-- shared technical article
    --
    nationalgeographic.com/science <-- shared technical media article
    --
    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cahokia <-- shared wiki page
    --
    H/T @American Geographical Society
    “When people think of pre-Columbian cities in the Americas before European colonization, examples such as Tenochtitlan, Chichen Itza, or Cusco usually come to mind. However, few know that there is another pre-Columbian city located in the present-day United States: Cahokia. Known for its impressive mounds, Cahokia in the 12th century CE was the largest metropolitan area and the most complex political system in North America north of Mexico.
    Cahokia was a dynamic urban center with large-scale cultural influence. That cultural influence is called the term “Mississippian.” The Mississippian culture in the Eastern Woodlands depended on an area of high natural and agricultural productivity, and absorbed much of the rural population in the development of Cahokia, transforming their labor from agriculture to public works. Archaeologists use “Mississippian” to refer to people who were part of a cultural tradition whose maximal expression occurred at Cahokia, and that was widespread across major portions of the Mississippi River valley, the Southeastern U.S., and beyond toward the Gulf Coast and as far north/northwest as Wisconsin and South Dakota. Cahokia had religious, political, and cultural exchanges over this vast area.
    At its peak, the population of Cahokia was believed to be roughly between 10,000 and 40,000 people, rivaling the size of many European cities at the time. As it collapsed, its population reoccupied the countryside, and later, left the region. The ability to study the full course of a city’s life from development to collapse and abandonment is rare, and studying Cahokia reveals important insights on early urban life at the hub of a vast riverine trade network spanning North America. Despite the ancient city’s prominence in the Eastern Woodlands area during the Mississippian Period (900 - 1600 CE), much has yet to be uncovered about this settlement…”

    @AmericanGeographicalSociety

    #water #hydrology #ancienthistory #agsglobe #mississippian #urbanism
  13. OptimusPrimeBot @[email protected] ·

    Super Typhoon Bavi

    #Atmosphere #AtmosphericPhenomena #Atmosphericscience #EarthScience #Hydrology #Hyperwall #Location #Naturalhazards

    ⏩ 1 new picture and 1 new video from NASA (SVS) commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.

    #atmosphere #atmosphericphenomena #atmosphericscience #earthscience #hydrology #hyperwall
  14. OptimusPrimeBot @[email protected] ·

    Super Typhoon Bavi

    #Atmosphere #AtmosphericPhenomena #Atmosphericscience #EarthScience #Hydrology #Hyperwall #Location #Naturalhazards

    ⏩ 1 new picture and 1 new video from NASA (SVS) commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.

    #atmosphere #atmosphericphenomena #atmosphericscience #earthscience #hydrology #hyperwall
  15. 💧🌏 Greg Cocks @[email protected] ·

    Mapping Multifunctionality In Remote Patagonian Forest Landscapes Reveals High-Value Ecosystems Beyond Protected Areas
    --
    doi.org/10.1038/s43247-026-035 <-- shared paper
    --
    H/T @Peter Potapov | Researcher at the World Resources Institute (WRI)
    “This paper is] a strong example of multifunctionality analysis applied to conservation planning. The study mapped six ecosystem functions, including carbon storage, nutrient availability, water regulation, erosion control, habitat quality, and ecological connectivity. [The author] combined satellite data, field soil sampling, and spatial modeling for this comprehensive analysis.
    Two findings stand out.
    1. Old-growth forests had the highest multifunctionality index of any land cover type.
    2. 78.5% of the top multifunctionality hotspots fall outside the region's protected areas, even though PAs already cover more than 54% of the territory.
    Together, these results make a clear case for expanding conservation of the remaining Intact Forest Landscapes and primary forests in Patagonia and elsewhere…”
    --
    “Remote forest landscapes provide critical references for understanding ecosystem functions (EFs) under low anthropogenic pressure, yet their capacity to sustain multiple EFs simultaneously remains poorly understood. [They] assessed landscape multifunctionality in western Patagonia by integrating satellite indicators, field data, and spatial modeling. Six EFs (carbon storage, nutrient availability, water regulation, erosion control, habitat quality, and ecological connectivity) were mapped, and their spatial relationships and hotspot distribution within and outside protected areas (PAs) were analyzed. Old-growth and secondary forests showed the highest functional performance. Strong synergies (ρ ≥ 0.6) between carbon storage and nutrient availability covered >50% of the landscape, whereas strong trade-offs (ρ ≤ –0.6) were spatially limited ( < 6%). Notably, 78% of multifunctionality hotspots occurred outside PAs, indicating that high-functional-value areas extend beyond formal conservation boundaries. These findings reveal spatial mismatches between multifunctionality and protection status and provide a replicable framework for integrating multifunctionality into conservation planning under global change…”
    #Patagonia #chile #aysen #coyhaique #landcover #mapping #spatial #spatialpatterns #spatiotemporal #spatialanalysis #forest #vegetation #oldgrowth #secondgrowth #shrubland #grassland #steppe #ecosystem #habitat #nutrients #water #hydrology #erosion #multifunctionality #multifunctionalityanalysis #protectedareas #landuse #conservationplanning #conservation #ecology #carbonstorage #nutrientavailability #waterregulation #erosioncontrol #habitatquality #ecologicalconnectivity #remotesensing #satellite #earthobservation #modeling

    #patagonia #chile #aysen #coyhaique #landcover #mapping
  16. 💧🌏 Greg Cocks @GregCocks ·

    Mapping Multifunctionality In Remote Patagonian Forest Landscapes Reveals High-Value Ecosystems Beyond Protected Areas
    --
    doi.org/10.1038/s43247-026-035 <-- shared paper
    --
    H/T @Peter Potapov | Researcher at the World Resources Institute (WRI)
    “This paper is] a strong example of multifunctionality analysis applied to conservation planning. The study mapped six ecosystem functions, including carbon storage, nutrient availability, water regulation, erosion control, habitat quality, and ecological connectivity. [The author] combined satellite data, field soil sampling, and spatial modeling for this comprehensive analysis.
    Two findings stand out.
    1. Old-growth forests had the highest multifunctionality index of any land cover type.
    2. 78.5% of the top multifunctionality hotspots fall outside the region's protected areas, even though PAs already cover more than 54% of the territory.
    Together, these results make a clear case for expanding conservation of the remaining Intact Forest Landscapes and primary forests in Patagonia and elsewhere…”
    --
    “Remote forest landscapes provide critical references for understanding ecosystem functions (EFs) under low anthropogenic pressure, yet their capacity to sustain multiple EFs simultaneously remains poorly understood. [They] assessed landscape multifunctionality in western Patagonia by integrating satellite indicators, field data, and spatial modeling. Six EFs (carbon storage, nutrient availability, water regulation, erosion control, habitat quality, and ecological connectivity) were mapped, and their spatial relationships and hotspot distribution within and outside protected areas (PAs) were analyzed. Old-growth and secondary forests showed the highest functional performance. Strong synergies (ρ ≥ 0.6) between carbon storage and nutrient availability covered >50% of the landscape, whereas strong trade-offs (ρ ≤ –0.6) were spatially limited ( < 6%). Notably, 78% of multifunctionality hotspots occurred outside PAs, indicating that high-functional-value areas extend beyond formal conservation boundaries. These findings reveal spatial mismatches between multifunctionality and protection status and provide a replicable framework for integrating multifunctionality into conservation planning under global change…”

    #patagonia #chile #aysen #coyhaique #landcover #mapping
  17. 💧🌏 Greg Cocks @[email protected] ·

    GMIA-NEXT - Next-Generation Global Map of Irrigated Areas |
    --
    doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-10085 <-- shared paper
    --
    zenodo.org/records/17627111 <-- shared open data
    --
    H/T @kyle Davis
    “Irrigation plays a critical role in global food production and climate adaptation and exercises profound influence over humanity's water use. Yet despite its critical importance, there is a persistent lack of understanding of fine-scale irrigation patterns across the planet, knowledge which is essential for informing global food security and sustainability targets. Utilizing either statistical downscaling or remote sensing approaches, existing global irrigation datasets are constrained by coarse spatial resolutions, a lack of timeliness, or varying robustness and reliability. To address this gap, here [they] integrate[d] multi-source Earth observation and environmental datasets and use[d] machine learning to develop a medium-resolution (30 metre) global irrigated area dataset for the 2023/24 growing season. Within existing cropland extent, we leverage a newly compiled set of georeferenced irrigated (N=230,683) and non-irrigated (N=153,194) ground-truth points and integrate seasonal vegetation metrics derived from Landsat 8/9 imagery with agroecological-zone information and hydroclimatic and topographic variables. [They] subsequently develop and evaluate two machine-learning frameworks, a continental Agro-Ecological Zone (AEZ) tile-based framework and a continental-scale framework, and apply the best-performing approach for each continent. Evaluation using held-out test samples yielded a global accuracy of 80.5 ± 2.1%. The resulting maps were also validated against independent global and national irrigation datasets and statistics, demonstrating broad agreement in the spatial distribution of irrigated areas. This approach is robust and reliable because it is built on a harmonized global ground-truth database, incorporates multiple predictors, and is rigorously validated using independent datasets. All code, ground-truth, and data products are freely and publicly available [link above] and can serve as a robust, scale-neutral, and fully reproducible framework for fine-resolution irrigation mapping. These advances provide the critical and long-needed foundation for near-real-time monitoring and early warning systems, and fine-scale land and water resource management…”
    #IrrigatedAreas #Mapping #GIS #spatial #mapping #spatialanalysis #spatiotemporal #global #irrigation #water #hydrology #hydrography #waterresources #farming #agriculture #opendata #remotesensing #earthobservation #geomorphometry #AI #machinelearning #LLM #model #modeling #WaterManagement #opendata #AgroEcologicalZone #AEZ #cropland #irrigatedareas #foodproduction #wateruse #humanimpacts #EarthObservation #remotesensing #earlywarning #monitoring #FoodandAgricultureOrganizationFAO #FAO
    @FAO - Food and Agriculture Organization

    #irrigatedareas #mapping #gis #spatial #spatialanalysis #spatiotemporal
  18. 💧🌏 Greg Cocks @GregCocks ·

    GMIA-NEXT - Next-Generation Global Map of Irrigated Areas |
    --
    doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-10085 <-- shared paper
    --
    zenodo.org/records/17627111 <-- shared open data
    --
    H/T @kyle Davis
    “Irrigation plays a critical role in global food production and climate adaptation and exercises profound influence over humanity's water use. Yet despite its critical importance, there is a persistent lack of understanding of fine-scale irrigation patterns across the planet, knowledge which is essential for informing global food security and sustainability targets. Utilizing either statistical downscaling or remote sensing approaches, existing global irrigation datasets are constrained by coarse spatial resolutions, a lack of timeliness, or varying robustness and reliability. To address this gap, here [they] integrate[d] multi-source Earth observation and environmental datasets and use[d] machine learning to develop a medium-resolution (30 metre) global irrigated area dataset for the 2023/24 growing season. Within existing cropland extent, we leverage a newly compiled set of georeferenced irrigated (N=230,683) and non-irrigated (N=153,194) ground-truth points and integrate seasonal vegetation metrics derived from Landsat 8/9 imagery with agroecological-zone information and hydroclimatic and topographic variables. [They] subsequently develop and evaluate two machine-learning frameworks, a continental Agro-Ecological Zone (AEZ) tile-based framework and a continental-scale framework, and apply the best-performing approach for each continent. Evaluation using held-out test samples yielded a global accuracy of 80.5 ± 2.1%. The resulting maps were also validated against independent global and national irrigation datasets and statistics, demonstrating broad agreement in the spatial distribution of irrigated areas. This approach is robust and reliable because it is built on a harmonized global ground-truth database, incorporates multiple predictors, and is rigorously validated using independent datasets. All code, ground-truth, and data products are freely and publicly available [link above] and can serve as a robust, scale-neutral, and fully reproducible framework for fine-resolution irrigation mapping. These advances provide the critical and long-needed foundation for near-real-time monitoring and early warning systems, and fine-scale land and water resource management…”

    @FAO - Food and Agriculture Organization

    #irrigatedareas #mapping #gis #spatial #spatialanalysis #spatiotemporal
  19. 💧🌏 Greg Cocks @[email protected] ·

    Eager Beavers - Rodents Engineer Czech Wetland Project After Years Of Human Delay [ecosystem engineers]
    --
    theguardian.com/world/2025/feb <-- shared technical media article
    --
    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beaver-e <-- shared wiki technical page
    --
    phys.org/news/2025-02-fine-bea <-- shared technical article
    --
    youtu.be/GSTw8qmBP4Y?si=XK2Iy2 <-- shared video (Czech)
    --
    H/T @ScienceGirl
    "We don't expect any conflict with the beaver in the next 10 years," ~ Bohumil Fiser from the Czech Nature Conservation Agency
    --
    “For seven years, planners struggled to complete a $1.2 million wetland restoration project in the Brdy region of the Czech Republic. The goal was to build a dam that would improve water management and bring back valuable wetland habitat, but the project remained trapped in a maze of permits and approvals.
    Then a family of eight Eurasian beavers did what engineers had planned… without permits, machinery, or a budget.
    The beavers built a network of dams in almost the exact area chosen for the proposed project, naturally restoring the wetland system officials had spent years trying to create. After seeing the results, authorities decided there was little point continuing with the original human-built dam.
    Although some reports suggested the beavers completed the work overnight, experts say their construction likely took several weeks. The reason it seemed sudden is that the animals quietly worked away until their finished dams became impossible to miss.
    Beavers are known as “ecosystem engineers” because their behaviour can reshape entire environments. By cutting trees and blocking streams, they create ponds and wetlands that support countless species, including fish, amphibians, insects, birds, and mammals.
    Their wetlands also act as natural water reservoirs, helping during droughts, reducing flood risks, filtering water, storing carbon, and keeping landscapes wetter during wildfires…
    Once heavily hunted across Europe, beaver populations have been recovering thanks to conservation efforts, proving that sometimes nature can solve problems humans spend years trying to fix…"
    #water #hydrology #KlabavaRiver #Czech #BrdyRegion #protected #CzechRepublic #armytraining #military #beaver #Eurasianbeavers #dam #beaverdam #waterquality #restoration #biodiversity #crayfish #wetland #ecology #benefits #Beavers #NatureBasedSolutions #Wetlands #Ecology #Biodiversity #Agroforestry #EnvironmentalScience #Conservation #Wildlife #Ecosystem #bioviversity #conservation #restoration #landscaperecovery #EcosystemEngineers #nature #floodmanagement #FloodMitigation #flood #flooding #energy #floodrisk #sustainability #wetlands #hydrography #dams #impoundment #deadwood #waterresources #landscapeengineer #agriculture #benefits #vegetation #ecology #ecosystem #riversystemsstabilisation #naturalwaterregulation #resilience #drought #wildfire #valleysreborn #slowdetermination #fisheries #invertebrates #extremeweather #floodflows #sediment #baseflow #drought #landmanagement #naturalsystems #landuse #ecosystemengineers #watermanagement

    #water #hydrology #klabavariver #czech #brdyregion #protected
  20. 💧🌏 Greg Cocks @GregCocks ·

    Eager Beavers - Rodents Engineer Czech Wetland Project After Years Of Human Delay [ecosystem engineers]
    --
    theguardian.com/world/2025/feb <-- shared technical media article
    --
    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beaver-e <-- shared wiki technical page
    --
    phys.org/news/2025-02-fine-bea <-- shared technical article
    --
    youtu.be/GSTw8qmBP4Y?si=XK2Iy2 <-- shared video (Czech)
    --
    H/T @ScienceGirl
    "We don't expect any conflict with the beaver in the next 10 years," ~ Bohumil Fiser from the Czech Nature Conservation Agency
    --
    “For seven years, planners struggled to complete a $1.2 million wetland restoration project in the Brdy region of the Czech Republic. The goal was to build a dam that would improve water management and bring back valuable wetland habitat, but the project remained trapped in a maze of permits and approvals.
    Then a family of eight Eurasian beavers did what engineers had planned… without permits, machinery, or a budget.
    The beavers built a network of dams in almost the exact area chosen for the proposed project, naturally restoring the wetland system officials had spent years trying to create. After seeing the results, authorities decided there was little point continuing with the original human-built dam.
    Although some reports suggested the beavers completed the work overnight, experts say their construction likely took several weeks. The reason it seemed sudden is that the animals quietly worked away until their finished dams became impossible to miss.
    Beavers are known as “ecosystem engineers” because their behaviour can reshape entire environments. By cutting trees and blocking streams, they create ponds and wetlands that support countless species, including fish, amphibians, insects, birds, and mammals.
    Their wetlands also act as natural water reservoirs, helping during droughts, reducing flood risks, filtering water, storing carbon, and keeping landscapes wetter during wildfires…
    Once heavily hunted across Europe, beaver populations have been recovering thanks to conservation efforts, proving that sometimes nature can solve problems humans spend years trying to fix…"

    #water #hydrology #klabavariver #czech #brdyregion #protected
  21. 💧🌏 Greg Cocks @[email protected] ·

    Watching A #NOAA #Webinar on Flash Droughts
    --
    noaaresearch.webex.com/wbxmjs/ <-- shared NOAA Summer Science Series individual webinar
    --
    drought.gov/what-is-drought/fl <-- shared NOAA overview technical article
    --
    star.nesdis.noaa.gov/star/NOAA <-- subscribe to the NOAA Summer Science Series
    --
    doi.org/10.1038/s41612-024-006 <-- shared paper
    --
    communities.springernature.com <-- shared technical article (derived from paper above)
    H/T @Jeffrey Basara PhD, MBA | Chair and Professor - Department of Environmental, Earth, and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Massachusetts Lowell | Co-Founder - American Prime Sustainable Solutions
    [Flash floods? not TOO hard to conceptualise.
    Flash drought? harder to 'get my head around', but H/T / presenter does an excellent job!]
    "Not all droughts are the same. In some cases, drought rapidly intensifies at subseasonal to seasonal scales with significant impacts to agriculture and water resources along with the increased propensity for heatwaves and wildfires. Like all droughts, flash drought begins with a precipitation deficit. However, both evaporative demand and soil moisture are critical flash drought variables, and identifying and monitoring the desiccation of the terrestrial surface is key for determining flash drought development and associated impacts. While recent advances in knowledge and monitoring of flash drought have occurred, fundamental questions remain in the state of the science. What are the overall mechanistic relationships between atmospheric demand, evaporative stress, terrestrial desiccation, and precipitation that drive the progression of flash drought? Do regional characteristics of the environment impact the evolution of flash drought? What are the scales of predictability for flash drought? Finally, how will flash drought frequency and intensity evolve in a changing climate system"
    --
    "Flash drought intensifies rapidly due to changes in precipitation, temperature, wind, and radiation. These changes in the weather increase evapotranspiration and lower soil moisture. Flash droughts can cause extensive damage to agriculture, economies, and ecosystems if they are not predicted and discovered early..."
    #water #hydrology #fedscience #publicgood #hydrologicdrought #waterdeficit #spatialanalysis #spatiotemporal #watersecurity #risk #hazard #humanimpacts #streamflow #riverflow #groundwater #surfacewater #climate #weather #climatechange #extremeweather #atmosphere #metrology #regional #global #farming #agriculture #fluvial #pluvial #rainfall #precipitation #cloudcover #energy #heat #temperature #ET #evapotranspiration #farming #agriculture #foodsecurity #waterresources #dynamicsystems #watermanagement #flashdrought #drought #susceptibility #monitoring #prediction #model #modeling
    @noaa

    #noaa #webinar #water #hydrology #fedscience #publicgood
  22. 💧🌏 Greg Cocks @GregCocks ·

    Watching A on Flash Droughts
    --
    noaaresearch.webex.com/wbxmjs/ <-- shared NOAA Summer Science Series individual webinar
    --
    drought.gov/what-is-drought/fl <-- shared NOAA overview technical article
    --
    star.nesdis.noaa.gov/star/NOAA <-- subscribe to the NOAA Summer Science Series
    --
    doi.org/10.1038/s41612-024-006 <-- shared paper
    --
    communities.springernature.com <-- shared technical article (derived from paper above)
    H/T @Jeffrey Basara PhD, MBA | Chair and Professor - Department of Environmental, Earth, and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Massachusetts Lowell | Co-Founder - American Prime Sustainable Solutions
    [Flash floods? not TOO hard to conceptualise.
    Flash drought? harder to 'get my head around', but H/T / presenter does an excellent job!]
    "Not all droughts are the same. In some cases, drought rapidly intensifies at subseasonal to seasonal scales with significant impacts to agriculture and water resources along with the increased propensity for heatwaves and wildfires. Like all droughts, flash drought begins with a precipitation deficit. However, both evaporative demand and soil moisture are critical flash drought variables, and identifying and monitoring the desiccation of the terrestrial surface is key for determining flash drought development and associated impacts. While recent advances in knowledge and monitoring of flash drought have occurred, fundamental questions remain in the state of the science. What are the overall mechanistic relationships between atmospheric demand, evaporative stress, terrestrial desiccation, and precipitation that drive the progression of flash drought? Do regional characteristics of the environment impact the evolution of flash drought? What are the scales of predictability for flash drought? Finally, how will flash drought frequency and intensity evolve in a changing climate system"
    --
    "Flash drought intensifies rapidly due to changes in precipitation, temperature, wind, and radiation. These changes in the weather increase evapotranspiration and lower soil moisture. Flash droughts can cause extensive damage to agriculture, economies, and ecosystems if they are not predicted and discovered early..."

    @noaa

    #noaa #webinar #water #hydrology #fedscience #publicgood
  23. 💧🌏 Greg Cocks @[email protected] ·

    National Water Availability Assessment Data Companion Launches Interactive Map
    --
    water.usgs.gov/nwaa-data/ <-- shared USGS resource link
    --
    water.usgs.gov/nwaa-data/inter <-- shared USGS webmap
    --
    H/T @USGS NWDC
    “The National Water Availability Assessment Data Companion (NWDC) delivers national-scale modeled water data underlying the National Water Availability Assessment Report. The NWDC will be continuously updated to include new data used in future National Water Availability Assessment Reports, with planned reports in 2026 and 2030.
    The NWDC also serves information on underlying model methodologies, strengths, and limitations to enable proper use of the data…
    USGS scientific teams develop NWDC models to analyze and represent the complexities of water systems. These models fill gaps where USGS observations are unavailable, covering the conterminous United States (lower 48 states) and soon extending to Alaska, Hawaii, and Puerto Rico.
    All NWDC datasets currently cover past conditions over multiple decades, and are standardized to 12-digit [WBD] hydrologic unit code (HUC12) watersheds and monthly timesteps…”
    #opendata #monitoring #spatialanalysis #spatiotemporal #fedscience #publicgood #water #hydrology #waterresources #watermanagement #change #model #modeling #USA #NationalWaterAvailabilityAssessment #NWDC #CONUS #USGS #USGS_water
    @USGS

    #opendata #monitoring #spatialanalysis #spatiotemporal #fedscience #publicgood
  24. 💧🌏 Greg Cocks @GregCocks ·

    National Water Availability Assessment Data Companion Launches Interactive Map
    --
    water.usgs.gov/nwaa-data/ <-- shared USGS resource link
    --
    water.usgs.gov/nwaa-data/inter <-- shared USGS webmap
    --
    H/T @USGS NWDC
    “The National Water Availability Assessment Data Companion (NWDC) delivers national-scale modeled water data underlying the National Water Availability Assessment Report. The NWDC will be continuously updated to include new data used in future National Water Availability Assessment Reports, with planned reports in 2026 and 2030.
    The NWDC also serves information on underlying model methodologies, strengths, and limitations to enable proper use of the data…
    USGS scientific teams develop NWDC models to analyze and represent the complexities of water systems. These models fill gaps where USGS observations are unavailable, covering the conterminous United States (lower 48 states) and soon extending to Alaska, Hawaii, and Puerto Rico.
    All NWDC datasets currently cover past conditions over multiple decades, and are standardized to 12-digit [WBD] hydrologic unit code (HUC12) watersheds and monthly timesteps…”

    @USGS

    #opendata #monitoring #spatialanalysis #spatiotemporal #fedscience #publicgood
  25. 💧🌏 Greg Cocks @[email protected] ·

    How Do Thermocline Depth Maps Help To Locate Bluefin Tuna?
    (the sustainable recreational bluefin tuna fishery in New Zealand is spinning up)
    --
    fishingmaps.info/articles/blue <-- shared technical article
    --
    youtu.be/jit_BjecD1I?si=Ici-Ar <-- shared Marine Stewardship Council video, “How science guides sustainable tuna fishing…”
    --
    nzgeo.com/stories/billion-doll <-- shared technical media article
    --
    [this post should not be considered an endorsement of a particular product, approach, organisation or professional(s)]
    H/T @ Sam McClatchie | Rewired ex-NOAA Fisheries Oceanographer. Creator of Fishing Maps. Now based in Huia, near Auckland, New Zealand.
    “The vertical structure of the upper ocean has a big effect on the productivity and distribution of plankton near the surface of the ocean. The vertical structure also affects the concentration of feed, and that affects the behaviour of Bluefin. Vertical structure of the water is controlled by the interaction of heating by the sun, wind-driven mixing, and the density of the water. In offshore areas, or in areas away from river outflows, density is determined mainly by water temperature. The sun warms the surface of the ocean, and the wind blowing over the ocean distributes the heat by mixing the water.
    As the sun warms the surface water it becomes less dense and forms a cap sitting on top of the cold deeper water. The temperature changes rapidly at the boundary between the warm less dense surface water and the denser, cooler water below. This boundary is called the thermocline. If you have ever swum in a lake in the summer and found it warm as bathwater in the surface, but freezing cold when you dropped your feet down, you have experienced the effect of a thermocline.
    When there is a warm cap on the ocean, the water is said to be stratified (or layered). If the wind has been calm, and the weather sunny, the warm surface layer will be stable, and strongly stratified conditions may develop. In these conditions, Bluefin dive frequently to relatively shallow depths (less than 100 metres). They dive rapidly, feed below the thermocline and return to the surface waters frequently, spending as much as 65% of their time in the upper 10 metres…
    Concentrations of feed often occur just below the thermocline. These layers can be seen on an echosounder. Bluefin dive down through the thermocline to feed on these layers. When the water is strongly stratified, the Bluefin dive more frequently to feed. They also dive faster, and stay less time in the deep cold water than they do when the water is well mixed.
    Bluefin use this foraging strategy during both day and night. These fish maintain a body temperature warmer than the water, so they remain highly efficient swimmers in cold water..."
    #GIS #spatial #mapping #webmaps #mobile #bluefin #tuna #sustainable #recreational #fishing #fishery #NewZealand #fish #thermocline #depth #remotesensing #food #plankton #warming #watertemperature #marine #ocean #hydrology #river #outflows #hydrography #water #stratification #surface #depth #feeding #ecosystem #habitat

    #gis #spatial #mapping #webmaps #mobile #bluefin
  26. 💧🌏 Greg Cocks @GregCocks ·

    How Do Thermocline Depth Maps Help To Locate Bluefin Tuna?
    (the sustainable recreational bluefin tuna fishery in New Zealand is spinning up)
    --
    fishingmaps.info/articles/blue <-- shared technical article
    --
    youtu.be/jit_BjecD1I?si=Ici-Ar <-- shared Marine Stewardship Council video, “How science guides sustainable tuna fishing…”
    --
    nzgeo.com/stories/billion-doll <-- shared technical media article
    --
    [this post should not be considered an endorsement of a particular product, approach, organisation or professional(s)]
    H/T @ Sam McClatchie | Rewired ex-NOAA Fisheries Oceanographer. Creator of Fishing Maps. Now based in Huia, near Auckland, New Zealand.
    “The vertical structure of the upper ocean has a big effect on the productivity and distribution of plankton near the surface of the ocean. The vertical structure also affects the concentration of feed, and that affects the behaviour of Bluefin. Vertical structure of the water is controlled by the interaction of heating by the sun, wind-driven mixing, and the density of the water. In offshore areas, or in areas away from river outflows, density is determined mainly by water temperature. The sun warms the surface of the ocean, and the wind blowing over the ocean distributes the heat by mixing the water.
    As the sun warms the surface water it becomes less dense and forms a cap sitting on top of the cold deeper water. The temperature changes rapidly at the boundary between the warm less dense surface water and the denser, cooler water below. This boundary is called the thermocline. If you have ever swum in a lake in the summer and found it warm as bathwater in the surface, but freezing cold when you dropped your feet down, you have experienced the effect of a thermocline.
    When there is a warm cap on the ocean, the water is said to be stratified (or layered). If the wind has been calm, and the weather sunny, the warm surface layer will be stable, and strongly stratified conditions may develop. In these conditions, Bluefin dive frequently to relatively shallow depths (less than 100 metres). They dive rapidly, feed below the thermocline and return to the surface waters frequently, spending as much as 65% of their time in the upper 10 metres…
    Concentrations of feed often occur just below the thermocline. These layers can be seen on an echosounder. Bluefin dive down through the thermocline to feed on these layers. When the water is strongly stratified, the Bluefin dive more frequently to feed. They also dive faster, and stay less time in the deep cold water than they do when the water is well mixed.
    Bluefin use this foraging strategy during both day and night. These fish maintain a body temperature warmer than the water, so they remain highly efficient swimmers in cold water..."

    #gis #spatial #mapping #webmaps #mobile #bluefin
  27. 💧🌏 Greg Cocks @[email protected] ·

    Comparing Multi-Model Mosaic And Multi-Model Combination Methods To Simulate Streamflow Across The Contiguous USA
    --
    doi.org/10.5194/hess-30-3945-2 <-- shared paper
    --
    H/T @cyril THEBAULT | Postdoctoral Fellow chez Earth Sciences New Zealand
    “[They] compared different multi-model approaches for streamflow simulation using 78 hydrological models across 559 catchments in the United States. [Their] results show that while multi-model combinations can slightly improve accuracy and reduce uncertainty, no single approach performs best everywhere.
    One interesting takeaway is that a carefully selected single model can perform as well as more complex multi-model approaches when it is chosen based on a comparative evaluation rather than simply inherited from legacy operational systems... 👀”
    --
    “The ability to accurately predict streamflow underpins decisions in water management, flood prevention, and sectoral planning. Traditional approaches for streamflow prediction often rely on a single model, thereby overlooking potential benefits from using multiple models. To address this limitation, this study explores alternative methods that select and combine multiple models to enhance streamflow simulations. Specifically, [they] assess[ed] the performance of multi-model mosaic methods that assign a single model to each catchment, and multi-model combination methods that merge multiple models using static or dynamic weighting schemes. The Framework for Understanding Structural Errors (FUSE) is used to create an ensemble of 78 hydrological models, which were applied to 544 catchments from the CAMELS dataset across the contiguous United States. Each of the 78 models is calibrated utilizing a composite objective function, calculated as the average of a high-flow and a low-flow performance metric, to cover a wide range of streamflow conditions. Based on [their] selection of lumped FUSE models, the results show that a carefully chosen single model from a larger ensemble can closely approach the performance of more complex multi-model strategies. Among the multi-model approaches, the combination and mosaic methods show broadly similar overall skill, although the combination approaches deliver slightly higher performance and lower sampling uncertainty. However, per-catchment differences persist, indicating that no single multi-model strategy dominates everywhere. This heterogeneity in performance makes it difficult to determine a priori which multi-model method will best represent streamflow in a given catchment…”
    #water #hydrology #streamflow #USA #CONUS #multimodel #simulation #hydrologic #model #modeling #catchments #watermanagement #waterresources #planning #watersecurity #flood #flooding #prediction #FUSE #CAMELS #spatialanalysis #spatiotemporal

    #water #hydrology #streamflow #usa #conus #multimodel
  28. 💧🌏 Greg Cocks @GregCocks ·

    Comparing Multi-Model Mosaic And Multi-Model Combination Methods To Simulate Streamflow Across The Contiguous USA
    --
    doi.org/10.5194/hess-30-3945-2 <-- shared paper
    --
    H/T @cyril THEBAULT | Postdoctoral Fellow chez Earth Sciences New Zealand
    “[They] compared different multi-model approaches for streamflow simulation using 78 hydrological models across 559 catchments in the United States. [Their] results show that while multi-model combinations can slightly improve accuracy and reduce uncertainty, no single approach performs best everywhere.
    One interesting takeaway is that a carefully selected single model can perform as well as more complex multi-model approaches when it is chosen based on a comparative evaluation rather than simply inherited from legacy operational systems... 👀”
    --
    “The ability to accurately predict streamflow underpins decisions in water management, flood prevention, and sectoral planning. Traditional approaches for streamflow prediction often rely on a single model, thereby overlooking potential benefits from using multiple models. To address this limitation, this study explores alternative methods that select and combine multiple models to enhance streamflow simulations. Specifically, [they] assess[ed] the performance of multi-model mosaic methods that assign a single model to each catchment, and multi-model combination methods that merge multiple models using static or dynamic weighting schemes. The Framework for Understanding Structural Errors (FUSE) is used to create an ensemble of 78 hydrological models, which were applied to 544 catchments from the CAMELS dataset across the contiguous United States. Each of the 78 models is calibrated utilizing a composite objective function, calculated as the average of a high-flow and a low-flow performance metric, to cover a wide range of streamflow conditions. Based on [their] selection of lumped FUSE models, the results show that a carefully chosen single model from a larger ensemble can closely approach the performance of more complex multi-model strategies. Among the multi-model approaches, the combination and mosaic methods show broadly similar overall skill, although the combination approaches deliver slightly higher performance and lower sampling uncertainty. However, per-catchment differences persist, indicating that no single multi-model strategy dominates everywhere. This heterogeneity in performance makes it difficult to determine a priori which multi-model method will best represent streamflow in a given catchment…”

    #water #hydrology #streamflow #usa #conus #multimodel
  29. 💧🌏 Greg Cocks @[email protected] ·

    A Global Systematic Review Of The Effects Of Hydromorphological Floodplain Restoration On Biodiversity
    --
    doi.org/10.1111/1365-2664.70485 <-- shared paper
    --
    zenodo.org/records/20561534 <-- shared open data
    --
    doi.org/10.1038/s43247-026-034 <-- shared paper
    --
    adriadapt.eu/adaptation-option <-- shared technical article
    --
    americanrivers.org/threats-sol <-- shared overview technical article
    --
    #water #hydrology #literaturereview #global #hydromorphology #river #floodplain #restoration #biodiversity #habitat #ecosystem #ecology #naturebasedsolutions #flood #flooding #risk #hazard #birds #fish #invertebrates #plants #amphibians #microorganisms #smallmammals #spatialanalysis #spatiotemporal #management #planning #policy #riverfloodplain #conservation #results #summary #effectivness

    #water #hydrology #literaturereview #global #hydromorphology #river
  30. 💧🌏 Greg Cocks @GregCocks ·

    A Global Systematic Review Of The Effects Of Hydromorphological Floodplain Restoration On Biodiversity
    --
    doi.org/10.1111/1365-2664.70485 <-- shared paper
    --
    zenodo.org/records/20561534 <-- shared open data
    --
    doi.org/10.1038/s43247-026-034 <-- shared paper
    --
    adriadapt.eu/adaptation-option <-- shared technical article
    --
    americanrivers.org/threats-sol <-- shared overview technical article
    --

    #water #hydrology #literaturereview #global #hydromorphology #river
  31. Mbongowo J Mbuh @[email protected] ·

    Flash droughts don't wait for the seasonal forecast. Across 41 events at 12 central-US sites (2016–2024), we've been disentangling whether atmospheric dryness (VPD) or root-zone soil moisture is the dominant stressor — the answer changes how early you can see one coming.

    NISAR's L-band radar is about to make root-zone moisture visible at scale, which makes this question answerable in near-real-time.

    #drought #RemoteSensing #hydrology #ClimateChange #NISAR

    #drought #remotesensing #hydrology #climatechange #nisar
  32. Mbongowo J Mbuh @[email protected] ·

    Flash droughts don't wait for the seasonal forecast. Across 41 events at 12 central-US sites (2016–2024), we've been disentangling whether atmospheric dryness (VPD) or root-zone soil moisture is the dominant stressor — the answer changes how early you can see one coming.

    NISAR's L-band radar is about to make root-zone moisture visible at scale, which makes this question answerable in near-real-time.

    #drought #RemoteSensing #hydrology #ClimateChange #NISAR

    #drought #remotesensing #hydrology #climatechange #nisar
  33. 💧🌏 Greg Cocks @[email protected] ·

    Recent Upper Colorado River Streamflow Declines Driven by Loss of Spring Precipitation
    --
    dx.doi.org/10.1029/2024GL109826 <-- shared 2024 paper
    --
    sciencedaily.com/releases/2024 <-- shared technical article
    --
    [it would be interesting to see the paper’s author’s updated views/analysis after the 2025/2026 (lack of) winter / record-low snowpack in the Rockies, feeding the Colorado R., etc]
    #water #hydrology #waterresources #precipitation #snow #snowpack
    #Colorado #ColoradoRiver #planning #allocation #aquifer #surfacewater #groundwater #vegetation #plant #phenology #watercycle #spring #rainfall #snowmelt #sublimation #hydrogeomorphology #runoff #infiltration #checkdams #engineering #keystone #species #beaver #wolf #herbivore #overgrazing #burrows #watertable #research #streamflow #evapotranspiration #restoration
    @University of Washington

    #water #hydrology #waterresources #precipitation #snow #snowpack
  34. 💧🌏 Greg Cocks @GregCocks ·

    Recent Upper Colorado River Streamflow Declines Driven by Loss of Spring Precipitation
    --
    dx.doi.org/10.1029/2024GL109826 <-- shared 2024 paper
    --
    sciencedaily.com/releases/2024 <-- shared technical article
    --
    [it would be interesting to see the paper’s author’s updated views/analysis after the 2025/2026 (lack of) winter / record-low snowpack in the Rockies, feeding the Colorado R., etc]


    @University of Washington

    #water #hydrology #waterresources #precipitation #snow #snowpack
  35. 💧🌏 Greg Cocks @[email protected] ·

    Statistical Characterization Of High Flow Volumes Across The Conterminous United States Supporting Managed Aquifer Recharge
    --
    doi.org/10.1029/2025WR041955 <-- shared paper
    --
    latimes.com/environment/story/ <-- shared media article
    --
    #water #hydrology #groundwater #watersecurity #waterresources #watersupply #watermanagement #USA #CONUS #aquifer #ManagedAquiferRecharge #MAR #FloodMAR #depletion #overpumping #flood #flooding #recharge #planning #policy #streamflow #extremes #hydrography #highflowvolumes #HFV #model #modeling #uncertainly #siting #screening #usecase #spatialanalysis #geostatics #spatiotemporal #mapping #hydrogeomorphology

    #water #hydrology #groundwater #watersecurity #waterresources #watersupply
  36. 💧🌏 Greg Cocks @GregCocks ·

    Statistical Characterization Of High Flow Volumes Across The Conterminous United States Supporting Managed Aquifer Recharge
    --
    doi.org/10.1029/2025WR041955 <-- shared paper
    --
    latimes.com/environment/story/ <-- shared media article
    --

    #water #hydrology #groundwater #watersecurity #waterresources #watersupply
  37. 💧🌏 Greg Cocks @[email protected] ·

    Comparative Hydro-Climatic Datasets For Catchment-Wise Linked Water Fluxes And Storage Changes Across South America
    --
    doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2026.176 <-- shared paper
    --
    doi.org/10.1038/s43247-026-036 <-- shared paper
    --
    doi.org/10.1002/joc.6443 <-- shared paper
    --
    pik-potsdam.de/en/news/latest- | publications.iom.int/books/eva <-- shared 2021 Peru hydroclimate technical article | report
    --
    youtu.be/Ngbm0gsmYAw?si=haqV7t <-- shared overview video
    --
    #water #GIS #spatial #mappping #spatialanalysis #spatiotemporal #remotesensing #earthobservation #Hydrology #Hydroclimatology #ClimateChange #extremeweather #WaterResources #WaterSecurity uncertainity #SouthAmerica #ClimateData #PeerReview #OpenScience #Hydrometeorology #opendata #datasets #rainfall #precipitation #fluvial #heatwave #temperature #changing #consistency #flood #flooding #drought #riskmanagement #risk #hazard #earthsystems #resilience #waterquality #waterpollution #model #modeling #monitoring #records #hydroclimate #hydrogeomorphology #review #SouthAmerica #planning #policy #sustainability #evapotranspiration #runoff #waterstorage #SAHCD

    #water #gis #spatial #mappping #spatialanalysis #spatiotemporal
  38. 💧🌏 Greg Cocks @GregCocks ·

    Comparative Hydro-Climatic Datasets For Catchment-Wise Linked Water Fluxes And Storage Changes Across South America
    --
    doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2026.176 <-- shared paper
    --
    doi.org/10.1038/s43247-026-036 <-- shared paper
    --
    doi.org/10.1002/joc.6443 <-- shared paper
    --
    pik-potsdam.de/en/news/latest- | publications.iom.int/books/eva <-- shared 2021 Peru hydroclimate technical article | report
    --
    youtu.be/Ngbm0gsmYAw?si=haqV7t <-- shared overview video
    --
    uncertainity

    #water #gis #spatial #mappping #spatialanalysis #spatiotemporal
  39. Dr Yann H. CHEMIN @[email protected] ·

    Run parallelised HBV hydrological model directly into GRASS GIS, prefetching Copernicus DEM, ERA5 climate dataset, and precomputing HRU, outlets, etc.
    #GRASSGIS #HBV #Copernicus #DEM #hydrology #landscape #cropmodeling #geomorphology
    github.com/yannchemin/r.hydro.

    #grassgis #hbv #copernicus #dem #hydrology #landscape
  40. Dr Yann H. CHEMIN @[email protected] ·

    Import Copernicus DEM directly into GRASS GIS
    #GRASSGIS #Copernicus #DEM #hydrology #landscape #cropmodeling #geomorphology
    github.com/yannchemin/r.in.dem

    #grassgis #copernicus #dem #hydrology #landscape #cropmodeling
  41. Dr Yann H. CHEMIN @[email protected] ·

    Import ERA5 directly from CDS into GRASS GIS
    #GRASSGIS #ERA5 #spatiotemopral #hydrology #cropmonitoring #cropmodeling
    github.com/yannchemin/t.in.era5

    #grassgis #era5 #spatiotemopral #hydrology #cropmonitoring #cropmodeling
  42. Planetary Ecologist @[email protected] ·

    Air well (condenser) (Hydrology 💧)

    An air well or aerial well is a structure or device that collects water by promoting the condensation of moisture from air. Designs for air wells are many and varied, but the simplest designs are completely passive, require no external energy source and have few, if any, moving parts. Three principal designs are used for...

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_well

    #AirWell #Hydrology #WaterSupply #DrinkingWater #Precipitation #AppropriateTechnology

    #airwell #hydrology #watersupply #drinkingwater #precipitation #appropriatetechnology
  43. 💧🌏 Greg Cocks @[email protected] ·

    Advancing Detailed Flood Hazard Identification in Alberta, Canada - Insights from Two Recent Flood Studies
    --
    doi.org/10.3390/w18131592 <-- shared paper
    --
    “The increasing frequency of floods and the severity of their consequences for public safety, infrastructure, and the economy demand improved methods for flood hazard identification. Flood studies that include flood hazard mapping are critical tools for informing emergency response and flood recovery, as well as for land use and mitigation planning. The methodology for such flood studies has evolved, and access to more powerful computational resources and high-resolution base data has contributed to the increased use of two-dimensional hydraulic modelling, where one-dimensional modelling previously was the default. However, local-scale flood studies face real-world constraints, including sparse data, challenging hydrologic conditions, and budget limitations, which can hinder the application of advanced techniques. This study addresses these challenges through innovative, practice-driven solutions in two case studies in Alberta, Canada: a small, partly channelised prairie stream network (Wolf Creek, Lacombe) and a laterally dynamic river on a distributary delta (Swan River, Kinuso). Three core components of flood hazard studies are described: field survey data collection, regional hydrology assessment, and hydraulic modelling. Key findings include demonstrating that LiDAR-derived terrain models alone cannot capture channel conveyance, the importance of low-flow calibration in the absence of high-water marks, the selection of a modelling methodology based on bathymetric and topographic features within a study area, and the development of inflow hydrographs for unsteady-state simulation in flat floodplains…”
    #FloodMapping #FloodRisk #Hydrology #HydraulicModeling #HECRAS #WaterResources #Alberta #Resilience #RiverSurvey #spatialanlaysis #spatiotemporal #floodhazardmapping #HECRAS #model #modeling #remotesensing #LiDAR #bathymetry #floodfrequencyanalysis #unsteadysimulation #FHIMP #FHIP #WoldCreek #Lacombe #SwanRiver #Kinuso #Alberta #Canada #localscale #provincialfloodstudy # prairie #stream #river #flood #flooding #water #hydrology #risk #hazard #watershed #publicsafety #cost #damage #economics #infrastructure #use #practicedriven #floodhazard #survey #hydraulic #terrainmodels #hydrogeomorphology #topography #elevation #floodplain
    @Alberta Environment and Protected Areas | @Government of Alberta | @Barr Engineering

    #floodmapping #floodrisk #hydrology #hydraulicmodeling #hecras #waterresources
  44. 💧🌏 Greg Cocks @GregCocks ·

    Advancing Detailed Flood Hazard Identification in Alberta, Canada - Insights from Two Recent Flood Studies
    --
    doi.org/10.3390/w18131592 <-- shared paper
    --
    “The increasing frequency of floods and the severity of their consequences for public safety, infrastructure, and the economy demand improved methods for flood hazard identification. Flood studies that include flood hazard mapping are critical tools for informing emergency response and flood recovery, as well as for land use and mitigation planning. The methodology for such flood studies has evolved, and access to more powerful computational resources and high-resolution base data has contributed to the increased use of two-dimensional hydraulic modelling, where one-dimensional modelling previously was the default. However, local-scale flood studies face real-world constraints, including sparse data, challenging hydrologic conditions, and budget limitations, which can hinder the application of advanced techniques. This study addresses these challenges through innovative, practice-driven solutions in two case studies in Alberta, Canada: a small, partly channelised prairie stream network (Wolf Creek, Lacombe) and a laterally dynamic river on a distributary delta (Swan River, Kinuso). Three core components of flood hazard studies are described: field survey data collection, regional hydrology assessment, and hydraulic modelling. Key findings include demonstrating that LiDAR-derived terrain models alone cannot capture channel conveyance, the importance of low-flow calibration in the absence of high-water marks, the selection of a modelling methodology based on bathymetric and topographic features within a study area, and the development of inflow hydrographs for unsteady-state simulation in flat floodplains…”
    # prairie
    @Alberta Environment and Protected Areas | @Government of Alberta | @Barr Engineering

    #floodmapping #floodrisk #hydrology #hydraulicmodeling #hecras #waterresources
  45. 💧🌏 Greg Cocks @[email protected] ·

    🦫 Could Beavers Help Tackle One Of Climate Change’s Fastest-Growing Challenges? [UK] 🦫
    --
    linkedin.com/pulse/climate-cha <-- shared technical article
    --
    bbc.com/news/articles/cx26r1gz <-- shared media article, “Beavers have helped reduce flood risk…”
    --
    wildlifetrusts.org/saving-spec <-- shared overview, beavers in the UK
    --
    npr.org/2026/05/21/nx-s1-57389 <-- shared media article, “As floods get worse, Britain tries a new solution: beavers”
    --
    rewildingbritain.org.uk/why-re <-- shared reintroduction overview
    --
    youtu.be/NXZjt1M6loY?si=pwjU0t <-- shared video, “Watch the moment wild beavers return to Cornwall” [UK]
    --
    youtu.be/65HBgO33GDo?si=2qfBAa <-- shared video, “First Beavers in Bedfordshire in over 400 years” [UK]
    --
    scottishwildlifetrust.org.uk/o <-- shared overview, beaver reintroduction into Scotland
    --
    youtu.be/vCjvCQHX7mQ?si=fJS9E1 <-- shared video, “Scotland Released 11 Beavers Into a Dead River — What They Did With Mud and Sticks Was [amazing]”
    --
    H/T @RomeCook
    “In [this] article, [the author] explore[s]:
    🌿 How beaver-created wetlands support biodiversity
    🦟 Their potential influence on mosquitoes and other insect pests
    🕷️ The indirect role they may play in tick ecology
    🦇 How dragonflies, bats, birds, amphibians and beneficial insects contribute to natural pest regulation
    🚜 What this could mean for sustainable agriculture and agroforestry
    🌍 Why this matters for biodiversity, farming, and human and animal health in a changing climate…
    The beaver isn’t simply creating wetlands. It may be rebuilding the ecological balance that our landscapes have gradually lost….”
    #Beavers #BeaverConference2026 #NatureBasedSolutions #Wetlands #Ecology #Biodiversity #Entomology #IntegratedPestManagement #BiologicalControl #Agroforestry #SustainableAgriculture #ClimateChange #OneHealth #EnvironmentalScience #Conservation #Research #ResearchCollaboration #Wildlife #EcosystemServices #bioviversity #conservation #restoration #landscaperecovery #trophiccascade #Rewilding #Nature #SpeciesReintroduction #Environment #EcosystemEngineers #nature #restoration #floodmanagement #FloodMitigation #flood #flooding #floodrisk #sustainability #wetlands #hydrography #hydrology #dams #impoundment #deadwood #waterresources #landscapeengineer # agriculture #benefits #agroforestry #vegetation #waterquality #ecology #ecosystem #restoration #riversystemsstabilisation #climatechange

    #beavers #beaverconference2026 #naturebasedsolutions #wetlands #ecology #biodiversity
  46. 💧🌏 Greg Cocks @GregCocks ·

    🦫 Could Beavers Help Tackle One Of Climate Change’s Fastest-Growing Challenges? [UK] 🦫
    --
    linkedin.com/pulse/climate-cha <-- shared technical article
    --
    bbc.com/news/articles/cx26r1gz <-- shared media article, “Beavers have helped reduce flood risk…”
    --
    wildlifetrusts.org/saving-spec <-- shared overview, beavers in the UK
    --
    npr.org/2026/05/21/nx-s1-57389 <-- shared media article, “As floods get worse, Britain tries a new solution: beavers”
    --
    rewildingbritain.org.uk/why-re <-- shared reintroduction overview
    --
    youtu.be/NXZjt1M6loY?si=pwjU0t <-- shared video, “Watch the moment wild beavers return to Cornwall” [UK]
    --
    youtu.be/65HBgO33GDo?si=2qfBAa <-- shared video, “First Beavers in Bedfordshire in over 400 years” [UK]
    --
    scottishwildlifetrust.org.uk/o <-- shared overview, beaver reintroduction into Scotland
    --
    youtu.be/vCjvCQHX7mQ?si=fJS9E1 <-- shared video, “Scotland Released 11 Beavers Into a Dead River — What They Did With Mud and Sticks Was [amazing]”
    --
    H/T @RomeCook
    “In [this] article, [the author] explore[s]:
    🌿 How beaver-created wetlands support biodiversity
    🦟 Their potential influence on mosquitoes and other insect pests
    🕷️ The indirect role they may play in tick ecology
    🦇 How dragonflies, bats, birds, amphibians and beneficial insects contribute to natural pest regulation
    🚜 What this could mean for sustainable agriculture and agroforestry
    🌍 Why this matters for biodiversity, farming, and human and animal health in a changing climate…
    The beaver isn’t simply creating wetlands. It may be rebuilding the ecological balance that our landscapes have gradually lost….”
    # agriculture

    #beavers #beaverconference2026 #naturebasedsolutions #wetlands #ecology #biodiversity
  47. 💧🌏 Greg Cocks @[email protected] ·

    Impact Of Floods On Surface Water Quality - A Systematic Review And Comprehensive Assessment
    --
    doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2026 <-- shared paper
    --
    epa.gov/system/files/documents <-- shared paper
    --
    “Floods, as extreme flow events, are among the costliest and devastating natural hazards. Among the various domains impacted by flooding, environmental degradation, particularly the deterioration of water quality (WQ), is one of the most impacted yet often overlooked. Therefore, it is essential to understand the nature and source of water pollution associated with flooding. This study aims to evaluate and assess multiple studies conducted globally to determine the impact of floods on WQ. A literature review and assessment of 66 studies published between 2007 and 2026 was conducted using the total comprehensiveness score (TCS). To support the scoring process, studies that scored more than 70% of the maximum achievable TCS (15.4) are considered the most detailed and comprehensive in addressing the objectives of this review. 16 studies achieved a TCS above 15.4, indicating that a limited number of studies incorporate a broader set of factors in this domain. A higher number of studies were conducted post the year 2021, highlighting both scientific progress and a growing focus on WQ impacts from disasters such as floods, beyond the traditionally emphasized socio-economic loss. Among the shortlisted studies, fluvial floods are the most frequently examined, followed by pluvial floods and coastal floods. During fluvial floods, turbidity increased by up to two orders of magnitude, while nutrient concentrations (TN, TP) typically rose by ∼ 10–30%. In contrast, pluvial floods were characterised by dilution-driven decreases in EC and TDS, with DOX, BOD and COD showing variable responses across flood types. This review evaluates flood impacts on WQ, catchment characteristics, and sources of WQ modification. The findings of the research reveal that not all WQ parameters are responsible for WQ degradation during every flood event. Rather, it is a combination of certain parameters that leads to deteriorated WQ. WQ degradation depends on interacting factors such as flood duration, extent, depth, and flow dynamics. In overall, this study provides an overview of the multiple cascading impacts of floods on WQ, along with a detailed perspective on the set of criteria that should be considered in future research…”
    #water #hydrology #hydrography #flood #flooding #criteriaassessment #waterpollution #waterquality #parameters #extremeflow #waterresources #extremeweather #waterresources #watermanagement #global #literaturereview #morphology #source #type #watersecurity #research #papers #compilation #humanimpacts #PRISMA #spatiotemporal #fluvial #pluvial #coast #coastal #risk #hazard #riverine #climatechange #EnvironmentalScience #Research #ClimateResilience #floodtype #pollution #naturalhazard

    #water #hydrology #hydrography #flood #flooding #criteriaassessment
  48. 💧🌏 Greg Cocks @GregCocks ·

    Impact Of Floods On Surface Water Quality - A Systematic Review And Comprehensive Assessment
    --
    doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2026 <-- shared paper
    --
    epa.gov/system/files/documents <-- shared paper
    --
    “Floods, as extreme flow events, are among the costliest and devastating natural hazards. Among the various domains impacted by flooding, environmental degradation, particularly the deterioration of water quality (WQ), is one of the most impacted yet often overlooked. Therefore, it is essential to understand the nature and source of water pollution associated with flooding. This study aims to evaluate and assess multiple studies conducted globally to determine the impact of floods on WQ. A literature review and assessment of 66 studies published between 2007 and 2026 was conducted using the total comprehensiveness score (TCS). To support the scoring process, studies that scored more than 70% of the maximum achievable TCS (15.4) are considered the most detailed and comprehensive in addressing the objectives of this review. 16 studies achieved a TCS above 15.4, indicating that a limited number of studies incorporate a broader set of factors in this domain. A higher number of studies were conducted post the year 2021, highlighting both scientific progress and a growing focus on WQ impacts from disasters such as floods, beyond the traditionally emphasized socio-economic loss. Among the shortlisted studies, fluvial floods are the most frequently examined, followed by pluvial floods and coastal floods. During fluvial floods, turbidity increased by up to two orders of magnitude, while nutrient concentrations (TN, TP) typically rose by ∼ 10–30%. In contrast, pluvial floods were characterised by dilution-driven decreases in EC and TDS, with DOX, BOD and COD showing variable responses across flood types. This review evaluates flood impacts on WQ, catchment characteristics, and sources of WQ modification. The findings of the research reveal that not all WQ parameters are responsible for WQ degradation during every flood event. Rather, it is a combination of certain parameters that leads to deteriorated WQ. WQ degradation depends on interacting factors such as flood duration, extent, depth, and flow dynamics. In overall, this study provides an overview of the multiple cascading impacts of floods on WQ, along with a detailed perspective on the set of criteria that should be considered in future research…”

    #water #hydrology #hydrography #flood #flooding #criteriaassessment
  49. The-14 Media @[email protected] ·

    The Caspian Sea has lost an area nearly the size of Sicily: human activities are a major reason why
    #CaspianSea #Environment #WaterCrisis #WaterSecurity #Hydrology #Biodiversity #Pollution #Rivers #VolgaRiver #BlackSea #Wetlands #Fisheries #Dams #Rainfall
    the-14.com/the-caspian-sea-has

    #caspiansea #environment #watercrisis #watersecurity #hydrology #biodiversity
  50. The-14 Media @[email protected] ·

    The Caspian Sea has lost an area nearly the size of Sicily: human activities are a major reason why
    #CaspianSea #Environment #WaterCrisis #WaterSecurity #Hydrology #Biodiversity #Pollution #Rivers #VolgaRiver #BlackSea #Wetlands #Fisheries #Dams #Rainfall
    the-14.com/the-caspian-sea-has

    #caspiansea #environment #watercrisis #watersecurity #hydrology #biodiversity
  51. 💧🌏 Greg Cocks @[email protected] ·

    Remote Sensing And The New Global River Science
    --
    doi.org/10.1038/s44221-026-006 <-- shared paper
    --
    “Rivers impact the well-being of humans and the environment. As they increasingly face planetary-scale stressors, it is critically important to monitor and understand rivers at the global scale. As the only synoptic resource for global primary data on rivers, satellite remote sensing has recently begun to provide unprecedented opportunities for the monitoring, understanding, and prediction of global river behaviour. Despite these advances, the role of satellite remote sensing in global river science has still not been fully explored. New satellite systems and algorithms will enable substantial improvements in river measurements, provide new answers to long-standing or newly emerging scientific questions, and eventually update basic knowledge of rivers to advance global river science. In this [paper they] explore how remote sensing has been used to study the world’s rivers, examine challenges and opportunities for further advancing our understanding of rivers using existing and upcoming sensors, and identify possible solutions and future research directions…”
    #GIS #spatial #mapping #water #hydrology #satellite #remotsesensing #earthobservation #hydrography #spatialanalysis #spatiotemporal #physicalgeography #change #river #global #model #modeling #research #hydrogeomorphology #geomorphometry #riverine #humanimpacts #waterquality #waterresources #watermanagement #infrastructure #lake #reservoir #dam #impoundment #canals #avulsion #overbank #flood #flooding #erosion #sedimentation #morphology #network #downstream

    #gis #spatial #mapping #water #hydrology #satellite
  52. 💧🌏 Greg Cocks @GregCocks ·

    Remote Sensing And The New Global River Science
    --
    doi.org/10.1038/s44221-026-006 <-- shared paper
    --
    “Rivers impact the well-being of humans and the environment. As they increasingly face planetary-scale stressors, it is critically important to monitor and understand rivers at the global scale. As the only synoptic resource for global primary data on rivers, satellite remote sensing has recently begun to provide unprecedented opportunities for the monitoring, understanding, and prediction of global river behaviour. Despite these advances, the role of satellite remote sensing in global river science has still not been fully explored. New satellite systems and algorithms will enable substantial improvements in river measurements, provide new answers to long-standing or newly emerging scientific questions, and eventually update basic knowledge of rivers to advance global river science. In this [paper they] explore how remote sensing has been used to study the world’s rivers, examine challenges and opportunities for further advancing our understanding of rivers using existing and upcoming sensors, and identify possible solutions and future research directions…”

    #gis #spatial #mapping #water #hydrology #satellite
  53. 💧🌏 Greg Cocks @GregCocks ·

    Compound Hydrogeomorphic Cascades And Rapid Upstream To Downstream Hazard Coupling In The Eastern Himalaya
    --
    doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-529 <-- shared paper
    --
    doi.org/10.5194/esurf-13-1281- <-- shared paper
    --
    doi.org/10.1007/s11069-025-077 <-- shared paper
    --
    [I recognise that the photo is instead for the floods, etc in Lubra, Nepal - but felt it better showed the hydrogeomorphical setting (sic) for the 'casual' post viewer...]
    H/T @Kuldeep Dutta
    “In hilly regions transitioning rapidly to low gradient alluvial plains, localized hydrometeorological triggers can instantly scale into devastating basin wide disasters. This study dissects the September 2020 cascading hazard in parts of the Arunachal Pradesh-Assam corridor to quantify the rapid coupling between upstream hillslopes and downstream floodplains…”
    --
    “Extreme precipitation in the Eastern Himalaya is increasingly associated with coupled hillslope-floodplain hazards. This study examines the 17th-18th September 2020 rainfall event in Arunachal Pradesh initiating landslides and its downstream impacts in Assam, India, using multi-sensor satellite data and long-term rainfall records. Sentinel-2 imagery was used to map landslides and debris flows, Sentinel-1 SAR data to delineate flood extent, and IMD gridded rainfall (1996–2020) to analyse rainfall spell characteristics. The event triggered widespread slope failures, localized landslide damming, and a subsequent breach, generating sediment-laden flows that inundated ~ 100 km2 of the Dhemaji floodplain. A backscatter-derived Relative Flood Volume Index (RFVI) indicates spatial variability in inundation intensity, although it does not represent absolute flood volume. Rainfall analysis suggests that antecedent wetness from preceding spells preconditioned slopes, while peak daily rainfall (> 170 mm/day/) initiated landsliding. Power-law scaling shows negligible dependence of intensity on duration (R² ≈ 0.0004), whereas cumulative rainfall exhibits a stronger relationship with duration (R² ≈ 0.54). These results indicate distinct roles of rainfall intensity and accumulation in controlling landslide initiation and downstream flooding, respectively, highlighting the importance of compound rainfall forcing in rapid hydrogeomorphic cascades...”

    #earthscience #remotesensing #himalayas #naturalhazards #climatechange #scientificreports
  54. 💧🌏 Greg Cocks @GregCocks ·

    What Can Humans Learn From Beavers When It Comes To Drought-Proofing The Landscape?
    (A collaborative working in Rocky Mountain National Parks [Colorado] shares the ways its work in the Kawuneeche Valley could help in bad droughts like this year.)
    --
    summitdaily.com/news/rocky-mou <-- shared technical media article
    --
    skyhinews.com/news/field-of-dr <-- shared technical article
    --

    National Park Service | Northern Water | Colorado State University | TOWN OF GRAND LAKE | USDA Forest Service | The Nature Conservancy | @American Rivers

    #water #hydrology #ecosystem #habitat #restoration #sustainability
  55. 💧🌏 Greg Cocks @GregCocks ·

    Rock Weathering Can Counteract River CO2 Emissions Induced By Permafrost Thaw
    --
    doi.org/10.1038/s41586-026-106 <-- shared paper
    --
    H/T @aaron Bufe
    “[The researchers] measured carbon emissions and water chemistry in 50 headwater rivers draining 780,000 km² of the Tibetan Plateau.
    The rivers flow in landscapes underlain by continuous permafrost and landscapes in which the permafrost has retreated since the last glacial maximum. They collect[ed] organic carbon from soils and dissolved inorganic carbon that is fixed by rock-weathering.
    Where the permafrost cover is continuous, rivers emit CO2 from degrading (permafrost) soil carbon. Weathering reactions in these catchments are relatively slow.
    In landscapes with (almost) no permafrost, carbon fluxes from weathering are faster than CO2 emissions from rivers.
    Thus, as permafrost landscapes transition to landscapes without permafrost cover, chemical weathering reactions may play an ever more important role in riverine carbon cycling.
    Interestingly, weathering can affect the carbon cycle in different ways. Where sulfide minerals are present, weathering reactions can emit CO2. Where silicate minerals dominate, weathering draws down CO2 from the atmosphere…”
    --
    “Climate-induced permafrost thaw unlocks large stores of organic carbon that are mineralized and emitted as carbon dioxide (CO2) from rivers to the atmosphere. Concurrently, warming and permafrost thaw can increase mineral weathering rates, thus affecting the release and sequestration of inorganic carbon. Yet how these biological and geological carbon cycles interact and jointly affect CO2 dynamics (emission compared with drawdown) in permafrost rivers remains unknown. Here [they] combine[d] CO2 emissions, organic and inorganic solute concentrations, dual carbon isotopes (δ13C–Δ14C) and geochemical modelling to infer how permafrost thaw may affect river biogeochemistry over decades to centuries across the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau. Leveraging a gradient of thermal permafrost degradation, we find that river CO2 emissions decline, whereas solute fluxes from rock weathering increase with decreasing permafrost cover. Across this region, net CO2 drawdown fluxes from rock weathering are about 35% of river CO2 emissions, varying from around 15% in catchments with continuous permafrost to more than 100% in catchments with discontinuous or isolated permafrost. Thus, carbon fluxes from chemical weathering may become increasingly important with ongoing permafrost thaw, potentially even outpacing river CO2 emissions. [Their] findings disentangle the interplay between biological and geological carbon fluxes that are important for the cryosphere and the global carbon cycle…”

    #permafrost #melting #thaw #climatechange #warming #tibet
  56. 💧🌏 Greg Cocks @GregCocks ·

    Hydroclimate Volatility On A Warming Earth
    --
    doi.org/10.1038/s43017-024-006 <-- shared 2025 paper
    --
    newsroom.ucla.edu/releases/flo <-- shared UCLA article, “Floods, Droughts, Then Fires: Hydroclimate Whiplash Is Speeding Up Globally “
    --
    H/T @Daniel Swain
    “Hydroclimate volatility refers to sudden, large and/or frequent transitions between very dry and very wet conditions. In this Review, we examine how hydroclimate volatility is anticipated to evolve with anthropogenic warming. Using a metric of ‘hydroclimate whiplash’ based on the Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index, global-averaged subseasonal (3-month) and interannual (12-month) whiplash have increased by 31–66% and 8–31%, respectively, since the mid-twentieth century. Further increases are anticipated with ongoing warming, including subseasonal increases of 113% and interannual increases of 52% over land areas with 3 °C of warming; these changes are largest at high latitudes and from northern Africa eastward into South Asia. Extensive evidence links these increases primarily to thermodynamics, namely the rising water-vapour-holding capacity and potential evaporative demand of the atmosphere. Increases in hydroclimate volatility will amplify hazards associated with rapid swings between wet and dry states (including flash floods, wildfires, landslides and disease outbreaks), and could accelerate a water management shift towards co-management of drought and flood risks. A clearer understanding of plausible future trajectories of hydroclimate volatility requires expanded focus on the response of atmospheric circulation to regional and global forcings, as well as land–ocean–atmosphere feedbacks, using large ensemble climate model simulations, storm-resolving high-resolution models and emerging machine learning methods…
    # ###

    #water #hydrology #hydroclimate #whiplash #global #spatialanalysis