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Experimenting with lists, created a couple to keep track of people involved in fediverse communities and projects... wound up creating one list called #mastodontists and another called #hachydermatologists.
As good a time as any to extend a public 'thanks' to @nova
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LinuxFest Northwest 2026: Beer, Badges, and the Spirit of the PNW
Summary: Three months after speaking at FOSDEM in Brussels, I brought my family to LinuxFest Northwest in Bellingham, WA. What I found was a college town bursting with craft beer, open-source energy, and one of my personal heroes.
"To the kernel. To the source. To the reason it all works in the first place." – LinuxFest Northwest 2026
The Sequel Nobody Expected
There are conferences you attend and forget, and there are conferences that tattoo themselves onto your memory. LinuxFest Northwest 2026 was the second kind.
Three months earlier, I had spoken at FOSDEM in Brussels, dragging my family across continents with a month's worth of Frankenstein luggage. That experience was transformative, a culmination of decades of dreaming. This one? This one was supposed to be simpler: a 1.5 hour drive from Seattle to Bellingham, Washington. No transatlantic flights, no lost bear pillows, no layovers near the Arctic Circle. And yet, in its own quiet, Pacific Northwest way, LinuxFest hit differently.
My kid saw me present the same BadgeFed talk in Brussels, and somehow he was still excited about it. Granted 70% of the presentation was full on memes, but still that alone felt like a miracle. Seven-year-olds have the attention span of a caffeinated hummingbird, but when I told him we were going to another Linux thing, he was excited to travel almost up to Canada and see Native-American art.
Bellingham, or Why I Want to Move to the PNW
I had low expectations for Bellingham. I knew it would be beautiful, because everything in the Pacific Northwest is beautiful in that effortlessly annoying way. But the city blew me away in dimensions I hadn't anticipated.
Bellingham sits on a bay about 90 miles north of Seattle and just 21 miles from the Canadian border, a college town anchored by Western Washington University and home to roughly 95,000 people. The festival itself was held at Bellingham Technical College, nestled right into the heart of the city. It has the lowest average sunshine of any city in the US, and yet the people radiate warmth. The downtown is walkable, lined with independent bookshops and more breweries per block than I've seen outside of Belgium. At least fifteen craft breweries operate within city limits, and I can confirm that Aslan Brewing and Kulshan Brewing deserve their reputations. My one regret? Not making it to Cat Brewing Co. Next time.
But beyond the beer, what struck me was the culture. Visible support for trans rights. Rainbow flags as common as coffee shops. An activist tradition that dates back decades. The Whatcom Museum of History and Art had a French art exhibition that genuinely moved me, and my kid spent an hour in their interactive art activities, completely absorbed.
This is a city that hosts a Ski to Sea relay race from Mount Baker to the bay, that has Ryan Stiles' improv theater around the corner, that quietly produced Death Cab for Cutie. A place where you can feel the pulse of something real, something community-driven, something that doesn't need to prove itself to anyone. The festival itself leans into this by organizing Friday strolls around Bellingham, giving attendees a chance to explore the city before the talks begin.
I'm coming back. No question.
The Fest
LinuxFest Northwest has been running since 2000, co-produced by the Bellingham Linux Users Group, Bellingham Technical College, Cascade STEAM, and Jupiter Broadcasting. It's a free, community-driven event held at the technical college campus, and it draws over a thousand open-source enthusiasts from across the Pacific Northwest and beyond.
The moment I walked in, the goodies hit. Stickers, pins, T-shirts, pamphlets, more stickers. I collected more swag at LFNW than at most of others conference I've attended, including corporate-sponsored ones. The project booths were excellent: Fedora, Clonezilla, Alma Linux, and a few robotics corner that had my kid absolutely hypnotized.
I met incredible people. Autumn Nash, whose podcast I enjoy. At the brewery, a random guy with an amazing Hawaiian Shirt reach out from the table at the side, and later we discovered it was Troy Dawson, a Senior Software Engineer at Red Hat who moonlights as a self-described "Hawaiian Shirt Artisan" (more on that later) .
But the highlight, the absolute pinnacle, the reason I need an entire paragraph to contain my excitement: I met Jon "maddog" Hall.
Shooting My Shot with Maddog
Jon "maddog" Hall is a legend. Not in the casual, overused way that word gets thrown around, but in the sense that he has been instrumental in shaping the open-source movement since before most of us knew what a kernel was. He's the Board Chair Emeritus of the Linux Professional Institute. He helped Linus Torvalds obtain the equipment for the first Linux port to Digital's Alpha platform. He is Linus Torvalds' children's godfather. The nickname "maddog" came from his students at Hartford State Technical College, where he was department head of Computer Science, and it stuck because apparently he had "less control over his temper" back then. He has a vanity license plate in New Hampshire that reads UNIX.
This man has been advocating for free software and digital equity in Latin America through projects like Caninos Loucos and Project Cauã for decades. For a kid who grew up in a small Mexican town and found his way into open source through a dusty DSL connection, meeting maddog was like meeting a character from the origin story itself.
So I shot my shot. I walked up to him, introduced myself, and asked him one question: "What is one piece of advice you would give to your younger self?" I recorded his answer. You can watch it here. What he said was thoughtful, generous, and exactly what you'd expect from someone who's spent a lifetime opening doors for others.
At the end of the "interview" I asked something more chill: "Do you remember the Linux Festival at Puerto Vallarta?" He was visibly tired, the kind of tired that comes from decades of conferences and thousands of handshakes, but his eyes opened up. "Of course I do! I was telling someone that we should organize something there again." A beer on the beach, open-source talks with the Pacific Ocean as a backdrop, and the legendary drinks, getting progressively drunk talking between nerds, right before walking up to present your talk. My last Mexican LinuxFest was probably around 2008, and those were the best years for my open-source self: the hackerspace, the local LUG, the install fests that felt like revolutions. I would not have believed back then that one day I'd be speaking at the same conference as maddog. Not a keynote, sure, but sharing a schedule with him? The kid from Tepic with a paper notebook full of code would have lost his mind.
The Talk (Round Two)
When my time came to present BadgeFed, I felt a different kind of energy compared to FOSDEM. In Brussels, I was nervous, riding the weight of an international audience on anew project. In Bellingham, I was relaxed. The room was smaller, the audience more intimate, but the engagement was stronger. People asked detailed questions. They challenged ideas. They leaned in.
I had added a few slides since FOSDEM, expanding the intro to cover what the fediverse and ActivityPub actually are, because unlike in Brussels not everyone in the room shared the same baseline. That adjustment paid off. The conversation after the talk lasted longer than what I was expecting.
The audience at LFNW was different from FOSDEM in scale but not in quality. Where FOSDEM has thousands of people moving through halls like a developer flash mob, LFNW has hundreds who stay, linger, and genuinely want to connect. Both have their magic. I'm glad I experienced both within the same year.
The Kid (Round Two)
My son, now a veteran conference attendee, navigated LFNW like a tiny professional. On the way back, we stopped at the Whatcom Museum, where he spent more time with the art activities than I spent at any single talk. We strolled along the beach, found the acid ball (a sphere on the shore that has become a local landmark).
We visited the Marine Life Center, where my kid pressed his face against every tank like he was trying to merge with the sea creatures. Fair trade.
At one of the after-conference tables, someone mentioned an open-source conference happening in Seattle in November. I'm applying. I'm also planning to speak at a conference in Canada, possibly in August. The circuit grows.
The Spirit of LFNW
I want to mention something that lingers with me. On the LFNW website, there's a section dedicated to James Mason, known in the community as "bear454." James was a well-known fixture in the Pacific Northwest tech community, a longtime contributor through his work with SUSE and as an organizer and President of the Board for LinuxFest Northwest. He passed away after over four years of dealing with cancer and a rare clotting disorder, leaving behind his wife Alina and two children. The community is raising funds to support his family. That kind of care, that willingness to show up for each other beyond the code, is what makes open source more than a development methodology. It's a community in the truest sense.
Full Circle (Again)
Three months after standing on a stage in Brussels and fulfilling a twenty-year dream, I stood in a classroom at a technical college in Bellingham, Washington, and felt something different but equally powerful: belonging.
FOSDEM was the dream realized. LFNW was the dream normalized. The kid from Tepic who couldn't find a hacker in his hometown now has a conference circuit. He has a talk he iterates on. He has a seven-year-old who wants his own slot on the schedule. The impossible became possible, and then it became routine, and that might be the most extraordinary part of all.
Bellingham, I owe you a return visit. Bring the beer, the Hawaiian shirts, and the free software. I'll bring the kid.
And maybe next time, he'll have his own slides.
Also readable in: https://maho.dev/2026/05/linuxfest-northwest-2026-beer-badges-and-the-spirit-of-the-pnw/ by @mapache:
#LinuxFest Northwest #Open Source #Conferences #Community #BadgeFed #Bellingham #Pacific Northwest #Public Speaking
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BEGATS AND BEQUEATHALS @begatsandbequeathalsasouthernusfamilydocumented.com@begatsandbequeathalsasouthernusfamilydocumented.com ·Griffith James (bef. 1725? — 1795): Final Years in Pendleton District, South Carolina (1793-5)
Anderson County, South Carolina, Will Bk. C, p. 82Or, Subtitled: Horse Thieves and Baptist Churches
As the previous posting notes, after selling his homeplace in his Pough tract just southeast of Sharpsburg on 13 May 1792, and (with James Austin), after selling his 50-acre portion of the King Cole tract on 3 March 1792, Griffith James moved with his wife Mary from Washington County, Maryland to Pendleton District, South Carolina.[1] As another past posting states, Griffith and Mary moved from Maryland to South Carolina at some point in 1793. Note that the court case regarding the theft of Griffith James’ horse in Pendleton District in September 1793 discussed below also shows that this family had moved from Maryland to South Carolina by September 1793. (To read the continuation of this posting, please click the numeral 2 below.)
The Move from Maryland to South Carolina, 1793
Since Griffith and Mary’s sons John and Samuel, who are, as we’ll see in a moment, named in his will, had not shown up in records of Ninety-Six (later Pendleton) District, South Carolina, prior to 1793, these two sons, who seem to be the youngest of the couple’s children, may have been living with them in Maryland and have made the move to South Carolina with them. As the previous posting notes indicates, Griffith and Mary’s son Joseph was living in Washington County up to 1791, when he moved with wife Elizabeth Austin to Kentucky, settling eventually at Perryville in Perry County, Missouri.
In heading to Pendleton District, Griffith and Mary were joining daughters Hannah (married Thomas Leonard), Gwendolyn (married Samuel Dean), and Mary (married Harmon Cummings), who had gone to South Carolina in 1786. The posting I’ve just linked features an excerpt from Louise Ayer Vandiver’s Traditions and History of Anderson County that recounts stories passed down in the Cummings (Cummin in this source) and Dean families about the move from Maryland to South Carolina.[2] These family stories speak of the long trip through “pathless forests” in carts whose wheels were sections cut from a large tree sawn thicker in the middle than on the edges.
The posting linked in the preceding paragraph notes that Griffith James’ son-in-law Thomas Leonard had arrived with wife Hannah in their children in Ninety-Six District by 9 February 1786, when he had a survey for 180 acres on waters of Big Generostee Creek.[3] Thomas’ brother-in-law Samuel Dean had a plat for 350 acres in Ninety-Six District in the fork of the Tugaloo and Keowee Rivers on 10 March 1787.[4] The linked posting to which I’m pointing here notes the draw of this part of the South Carolina upcountry in these years: having taken the British side during the Revolution, in 1777 the Cherokees ceded to South Carolina all their lands east of the Unacaye mountains, and in 1784 the South Carolina General Assembly passed “An Act for Establishing the Mode and Conditions of Surveying and Granting the Vacant Lands Within this State.” In 1784, a land office was opened to sell land in this upcountry region at $10 per 100 acres, and a large influx of settlers poured into the region.
Also noted in the linked posting I’ve just been citing: Big Generostee runs from east to west through Pendleton District to the Savannah River, with Mountain Creek running from east to west to meet Big Generostee before the conjoined streams reach the Savannah. Thomas Leonard, Samuel Dean, and Harmon Cummings settled near the confluence of the Big Generostee and Mountain Creek a few miles west of present-day Starr and just east of what is now Lake Hartwell, which was formed from the damming of the Savannah and Keowee (or Seneca) Rivers. A hamlet called Dean’s Station, named for this Dean family and marking where Samuel Dean lived, is less than two miles north of Starr on highway 81. It seems likely that Griffith and Mary James settled in this vicinity, as well, a deduction made more compelling by the fact that after the couple arrived in Pendleton District, Mary James joined Mountain Creek Baptist church, which is some six miles north of Dean’s Station.
ScreenshotProof that Griffith James had arrived in Pendleton District by June 1794 is found in a deed that Jacob Herring made to Samuel Dean on 17 June 1794: on that date, Herring sold Dean 125 acres in Pendleton District on the Big Generostee, with Thomas Leonard and Griffith James witnessing the deed.[5] I haven’t found any connection between erring made to Samuel DeanJacob Herring and the kinship network of Griffith James, other than this sale of land. Jacob appears on the 1790 federal census on the same page as John Lauderdale, whose daughter Sarah married Thomas Lewis Leonard, son of Thomas Leonard and Hannah James.[6] As has been previously shown, John Lauderdale also lived on Big Generostee, evidently not far from the Leonard, Dean, and Cummings families.
Case re: the Theft of Griffith James’ Horse in September 1793
A previous posting discusses in some detail a court case involving horse-thieving in which Griffith James is featured, since the stolen horse on which the case revolves was his and was taken from his pasture.[7] The case file shows Shadrack Lantrip making oath on 10 November 1796 that James Shockley had stolen a bright bay mare out of Griffith James’s pasture in Pendleton District on the night of 2 September [1793]. Lantrip deposed that Shockley had described the horse to him at a blacksmith shop on the waters of Generostee on the main road leading to Shockley’s Ferry.
Shockley’s or Shockley Ferry crossed the Savannah River to Georgia at a location not far south of present-day Hartwell Dam. When the dam was created on the Savannah River below the confluence of the Tugaloo and Seneca Rivers to form Lake Hartwell, the point at which Shockley’s Ferry crossed the Savannah fell into the lake. Savannah is the name given to the Tugaloo River from the point of the confluence of the two rivers, and Seneca is the name given to the Keowee River from that point as well. Note the 1787 plat for Samuel Dean mentioned above, for land in the fork of the Tugaloo and Keowee Rivers.
Shockley’s Ferry was established by Thomas Shockley of Pendleton District, who appears on the 1790 federal census on the same page as Jacob Herring and John Lauderdale.[8] Located close to Shockley’s Ferry was a Baptist church with the same name — Shockley’s or Shockley Ferry Baptist church — that was the parent church of the Mountain Creek Baptist church to which members of the James family including Griffith James’ wife Mary and her daughters Hannah, Gwendolyn, and Mary belonged.[9] Shockley’s Ferry church was formed sometime in the 1780s after a large group of Baptists gathered in Pendleton District in the vicinity of what would soon be site of the ferry crossing. The church stood on the east bank of the Savannah immediately below the junction of the Tugaloo (i.e., Savannah) and Keowee (or Seneca) Rivers.
An undated scrap of paper in the file for the case in which James Shockley was tried for stealing Griffith James’ horse has a sworn statement of Shadrack Lantrip that he made his November 1796 statement accusing Shockley of stealing the horse under fear for his life after having received a hundred lashes. The case file also has a sworn statement of Griffith James dated 2 October [1793] giving power of attorney to his son John James to recover the horse, with witnesses Patrick Bowers and Robert Linn before justice D. Brown. Another statement by an unidentified person says that Lantrip had parted with the horse at the house of Shockley, giving it to John Hendricks and Mary Spurgen, who lived on Buck Creek on the Waters of the Broad.
On 13 October 1794, a recognizance was issued by William Edmondson to Thomas Shockley and James Hamilton, giving bond to assure that James Shockley appeared in court 10 November next. On 10 November, Shockley was indicted and a jury was struck. The indictment identifies the stolen horse as belonging to John James, a farmer of Pendleton District.
On 8 February 1796, somebody not identified in the transcript — was it Shockley? — made affidavit that in 1794 before harvest, Christopher Carsey told him that Mark Powell had stolen a brown horse from William Brown and carried it into Virginia. In the fall of the same year, he and Shadrack Lantrip went to “old Mr. James’s” and stole a large bay horse from the pasture. Lantrip promised £10 to his accomplice. The person swearing the oath for this statement thought that in February 1796, the horse was near Three Runs. In 1795, this unidentified person and Daniel McCollum with an enslaved man named Reuben belonging to Daniel Stathers had also formed a confederacy to steal a roan horse and a bay one from the field of one Howard.
On 11 April 1796, a subpoena was issued to Daniel Stringer, James Morrow, and John Gresham to appear in court on 10 November 1796. A warrant dated 9 July 1796 was then issued for the arrest of James Shockley. This has a comment written on it that John James of Pendleton District had made oath that on the evening of 2 September 1793 a bay horse had been stolen from Griffith James, now deceased.
On 11 July 1796, Shockley was committed to jail. On the same day, he gave affidavit denying the charges against him. On 27 July 1796, a recognizance of Thomas Shockley Sr. and Jr. was filed for James Shockley’s upcoming court appearance.
On 4 November 1796, John James gave security with Robert Rankin to appear in court on 10 November at Pickensville. On 10 November 1796, a true bill of indictment was issued. This again dates the theft as occurring on the night of 2 September 1793. When the trial ended, the jury found Shockley not guilty.
Also on 10 November 1796, a copias was issued to Moses Little, Jeremiah Files, Shadrack Lantrip, John James, William McKerley, and Joseph McKerley to give evidence for the state. On 23 November 1796, a recognizance was issued to Shadrack Lantrip to appear in court on 10 April next to give evidence vs. Shockley. Finally, On 11 February 1797, a recognizance was issued to William McKerley to give evidence. Four days later, recognizance was issued to John James to appear in court on 10 April. If there was an outcome of the case after this date, it is not mentioned in the court file as transcribed here.
As the preceding summary of documents in the case file regarding the theft of Griffith James’ horse indicate, Griffith was living on 2 October 1793 when he gave power of attorney to his son John to recover the stolen horse, and had died by 9 July 1796 when a warrant was issued for James Shockley’s arrest. Griffith James made his will in Pendleton District on 20 April 1795.[10] The will reads as follows (a digital image is at the head of this posting):
In the name of God. Amen. I Griffith James of the State of South Carolina and County of Pendleton being weak in body but of sound Memory. bleſsed be God. do this day the twentieth of April in the year of Our Lord. One thousand and Seven hundred and Ninety five make and publish this my Last will and Testament in Manner following that is to Say First I Give to my son Joseph James all my wearing appearel which Shall be at my Decease also Ten pounds of Money it being paid of Money Due to me in the State of Maryland if It is ever collected. also I give and bequeath unto my Daughter Hannah Leonor One Dollar to be paid within One full year after my decease also I give to my Daughter Jenny Dean one Dollar to be paid to her at or with[in] One full Year after my decease, also I Give to my Daughter Mary Cummins one Dollar to be paid at the sd time also I give to my son John James one Dollar to be paid at the said time, also I give to my son Samuel James one Dollar to be paid at the said Time and all and every other thing of my Estate real & Personal which shall or may belong to me at my Death I Give and Bequeath to my Dear wife Mary James forever & I make & ordain my son John James and Son Samuel James, Executors of this my will, in trust for the intents & purposes in this my will contained to do & perform the same according my true intent and Meaning. In Witneſs thereof I the sd Griffith James have to this my last will and Testament set my hand & affixed my seal the day & year above written; Signed & Delivered by the said Griffith James For his last will & Testament — in the presence of us who were present at the signing and sealing thereof
Griffith James
Owen McCorkel
Jane Lesly (her mark)
James Jones
Proven by James Jones and Jane Lesly in open court
Recorded in Will Book C, Page 82
Recorded 12th April 1796
The will has no probate date, only the date on which it was recorded. It is the only estate record of Griffith James that appears to be extant. As a previous posting notes, a death date of 3 October 1795 for Griffith is stated in a study of the Dean family entitled Country Cousins: Descendants of Samuel Dean with no information about the source of this date.[11]
Given that Griffith and Mary James appear to have decided in 1792 to move to South Carolina and join their children there, and that they made that move in 1793 with Griffith dying only two years later, I think it’s likely that he was up in years by the time of his death with grown and married children born as early as 1752. It’s possible he was becoming frail and/or sick when he and wife Mary decided to relocate, and that they made the decision to join their daughters in South Carolina so that one or more of the daughters could look after their parents in the final years of the parents’ lives.
[1] Washington County, Maryland, Deed Bk. G, p. 771-2, 815-6.
[2] Louise Ayer Vandiver, Traditions and History of Anderson County (Atlanta: Ruralist, 1928), pp. 71-2.
[3] South Carolina Plat Books (Charleston Series), vol. 15, p. 127; and Ninety-Six District, South Side of Saluda, Commissioner of Locations Plat Bk. B, p. 113.
[4] South Carolina Plat Books (Charleston Series), vol. 14, p. 164.
[5] Anderson County, South Carolina, Deed Bk. C & D, p. 360.
[6] 1790 federal census, Pendleton District, South Carolina, p. 4.
[7] Washington District, South Carolina, General Sessions Case Rolls, 1792-1799, no. 49. I am indebted to researcher Beverly Dean Peoples for providing me with a transcript of documents in the file of this case.
[8] See supra, n. 6.
[9] Leah Townsend, South Carolina Baptists, 1670-1805 (Florence, South Carolina: Florence Printing Company, 1935), p. 195-8; T.H. Garrett, A History of Saluda Baptist Association (Richmond, 1896), pp. 114, 137, 262-4; Vandiver, Traditions and History of Anderson County, pp. 44, 217; and “Mountain Creek Baptist Church,” at Winthrop University Archives’ Roots and Recall website.
[10] Anderson County, South Carolina, Will Bk. C, p. 82. See also Virginia Alexander, Colleen M. Elliott, and Betty Willie, Pendleton District and Anderson County, South Carolina, Wills, Estates, Inventories, Tax Returns, and Census Records (Easley, South Carolina: Southern Historical Press, 1980), pp. 11-12.
[11] Era Josephine Morgan Davis, Louise S. Rourke, and Marc B. Smith, Country Cousins: Descendants of Samuel Dean (1996), p. 3. In correspondence with me in January 1997, researcher Barbara Morris of Bellaire, Texas, stated that the 3 October 1795 death of date was sent by Lucy Rebecca Dean to Louise Rourke in the 1980s. Louise Rourke, who lived in Citrus Heights, California, was the primary author of Country Cousins. Unless I’m mistaken, Lucy Rebecca Dean (1942-2023, m. John Kennemur) was a daughter of Richard Brown Dean and Joanne Richardson. Rebecca Dean Kennemur was a DAR member and active genealogist. This Dean line descends from Samuel Dean and Gwendolyn James through their son Richard P. Dean.
#ancestry #BigGenerosteeCreekPendletonDistSouthCarolina #ChristopherCarsey #DanielMcCollum #DanielStrathers #DanielStringer #DeanSStationAndersonCoSouthCarolina #DeansAndersonCoSouthCarolina #ElizabethAustin #EnslavedManReuben #familyHistory #genealogy #GwendolynJames #HannahJames #HarmonCummin #HarmonCummings #HarmonCummins #HartwellDamSouthCarolina #history #JacobHerring #JamesHamilton #JamesJones #JamesMorrow #JamesShockley #JaneLeslie #JeremiahFiles #JohnGresham #JohnHendricks #JohnJames #JohnLauderdale #JosephJames #JosephMcKerley #KeoweeRiverSouthCarolina #LakeHartwellSouthCarolina #MarkPowell #MaryJames #MarySpurgen #MosesLittle #MountainCreekBaptistChurchPendletonDistSouthCarolina #MountainCreekPendletonDistSouthCarolina #NinetySixDistSouthCarolina #PatrickBowers #PendletonDistSouthCarolina #PerryviillePerryCoMissouri #RobertLinn #RobertRankin #SamuelDean #SamuelJames #SarahMLauderdale #SavannahRiver #SenecaRiverSouthCarolina #ShadrackLantrip #SharpsburgWashingtonCoMaryland #ShockleyFerryBaptistChurchPendletonDistSouthCarolina #ShockleyFerryPendletonDistSouthCarolina #ShockleySFerryPendletonDistSouthCarolina #StarrAndersonCoSouthCarolina #ThomasLeonard #ThomasLewisLeonard #ThomasShockley #TugalooRiverSouthCarolina #WashingtonCoMaryland #WilliamEdmondson #WilliamMcKerley -
Psychic Dancehall, an Electronic and Experimental #MusicFestival will be happening on 21st March in #Derby, across 3 venues.
Some artists from the Derby #EMOM nights will be there - James Glew, Hexial, and Clum, amongst others.
It looks like a good lineup, including Phil Hartnoll from #Orbital!
I saw him and his son at BangFace a couple of months ago :)
https://www.psychicdancehallfest.com
Edit: typo
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“Labor Is Life” (U.S. Postal Service’s Labor Day Stamp, 1956, U.S. Library of Congress, public domain).
Bakers, blacksmiths, boatmen, butchers, carpenters, cabinetmakers, cigarmakers, coal miners, factory workers, farmers, gardeners, gold miners, iron workers, masons, quarry workers, teamsters, tombstone carvers. These were just a few of the diverse job titles held by the laborers who enlisted with the 47th Pennsylvania Volunteer Infantry during the American Civil War.
Many returned to their same occupations after the war ended while others found new pathways for their life journeys. Far too many were never able to return to the arms of their loved ones and still rest in marked or unmarked graves far from the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania.
In honor of Labor Day, 47th Pennsylvania Volunteers: One Civil War Regiment’s Story is proud to present this abridged list of blue-collar men and boys who served with the 47th Pennsylvania Volunteer Infantry between August 1861 and January 1866, as well as the names of two of the women associated with the regiment who made their own unforgettable marks on the world.
* Auchmuty, Samuel S. (First Lieutenant, Company D): A native of Duncannon, Perry County and veteran of the Mexican-American War who was employed as a carpenter during the early 1860s, Samuel Auchmuty responded to President Abraham Lincoln’s call for volunteers to defend the nation’s capital during the opening weeks of the American Civil War by enrolling as a first lieutenant with Company D of the newly-formed 47th Pennsylvania Volunteer Infantry on August 20, 1861; after completing his three-year term of enlistment, he was honorably discharged in September 1864 and returned home to Pennsylvania, where he resumed his work as a house carpenter and launched a successful contracting business that was responsible for building new business structures, churches, single-family homes, and schools, as well as renovating existing structures; he died in 1891, following a brief illness;
First Sergeant Christian S. Beard, circa 1863 (public domain).
* Beard, Christian Seiler (First Lieutenant, Company C): A twenty-seven-year-old, married carpenter residing in Williamsport, Lycoming County when President Abraham Lincoln called for seventy-five thousand volunteers to defend the nation’s capital, following the fall of Fort Sumter in mid-April 1865, Chistian S. Beard promptly enrolled for Civil War military service before that month was out as a private with Company D of the 11th Pennsylvania Volunteers; honorably discharged in July after completing his Three Months’ Service, he re-enlisted as a sergeant with Company C of the newly-formed 47th Pennsylvania Volunteers on August 19; after rising up through the ranks to become a first lieutenant, he was honorably discharged on Christmas Day, 1865, and returned home to his wife in Dauphin County, Pennsylvania, where he continued to work as a carpenter; after having several children with his wife, he was widowed by her; remarried in 1884, he relocated with his wife and children to Pittsburgh, where he continued to work as a carpenter; ailing with heart and kidney disease, he died there on November 16, 1911 and was interred at that city’s Highwood Cemetery;
* Burke, Thomas (Sergeant, Company I): A first-generation American, Thomas Burke was a twenty-year-old cabinetmaker residing in Allentown at the dawn of the American Civil War; after enrolling for military service on the day that the 47th Pennsylvania Volunteer Infantry was founded (August 5, 1861), he was officially mustered in as a private; from that point on, he continued to work his way up the ranks, receiving a promotion to corporal on September 19, 1864 and then to sergeant on July 11, 1865; honorably mustered out with his company in Charleston, South Carolina on December 25, 1865, he returned home to Lehigh County, where he married and began a family; sometime in early to mid-1871, he and his family migrated west to Iowa, settling in Anamosa, Jones County, where he was employed as a carpenter and contractor; he died at his home there on October 22, 1910 and was buried at that town’s Riverside Cemetery;
* Colvin, John Dorrance (Second Lieutenant, Company C): A native of Abington Township, Lackawanna County who was a farmer when he enlisted for Civil War military service on September 12, 1861, John D. Colvin transferred to the U.S. Army Signal Corps on October 13, 1863, and continued to serve with the Signal Corps for the duration of the war; employed as an engineer, post-war, he helped the Pacific Railroad to extend its service from Atchison, Kansas to Fort Kearney in Nebraska before returning home to Pennsylvania, where he married, began a family and resided with them in Olyphant and Carbondale before relocating with them to Parsons in Luzerne County, where he became a prominent civic leader and member of the school board; initially employed as a machinist, he went on to become superintendent of the Delaware & Hudson Coal company before taking a similar job with the Lehigh Valley Coal Company; the U.S. Postal Service’s postmaster of Parsons during the early 1890s, he died there on March 15, 1901 and was buried at the Hollenback Cemetery in Wilkes-Barre;
* Crownover, James (Sergeant, Company D): A twenty-three-year-old teamster residing in Blain, Perry County when he enrolled for Civil War military service on August 20, 1861, James Crownover rose up through the ranks of the 47th Pennsylvania from private to reach the rank of sergeant; wounded in the right shoulder and captured by Confederate troops during the Battle of Pleasant Hill, Louisiana on April 9, 1864, he was marched to Camp Ford, near Tyler, Texas, the largest Confederate prison camp west of the Mississippi River, where he was held as a prisoner of war (POW) until he was released during a prisoner exchange on November 25, 1864; during captivity, he was commissioned, but not mustered as a second lieutenant; given medical treatment before he was returned to active duty, he was honorably discharged with his regiment in Charleston, South Carolina on December 25, 1865; after returning home, he found work at a tannery near Blain, married, began a family and then relocated with them to East Huntingdon Township, Westmoreland County, where he worked as a teamster; relocating with them to Braddock in Allegheny County after the turn of the century, he worked at a local mill there; he died in Allegheny County on July 18, 1903 and was buried at the Monongahela Cemetery in Braddock Hills;
Jacob Daub, circa 1862-1865 (carte de visite, Cooley & Beckett Photographers, Savannah, Georgia and Beaufort and Hilton Head, South Carolina, public domain).
* Daub, Jacob and William J. (Drummer Boy, Company A): A German immigrant as a child, Jacob Daub emigrated with his parents and younger brother, William, circa 1852; after settling in Easton, Northampton County, Pennsylvania, where his father found work as a stone mason, Jacob grew up to become a cigarmaker, and also became the first of the two brothers to enlist in the American Civil War; after enrolling at the age of sixteen, he was classified as a field musician and assigned to Company A as its drummer boy; his nineteen-year-old brother, William, a carpenter by 1865, followed him into the war when he enlisted as a private with the same company in February of that year; after the war ended, both returned home to Northampton County, where they married, had children and went on to live long, full lives; William eventually died at the age of eighty in 1928, followed by Jacob, who passed away in 1936, roughly two months before his ninety-first birthday;
* Detweiler, Charles C. (Private, Company A): Berks County native Charles Detweiler enrolled for Civil War military service on September 16, 1862; a carpenter who later became a farmer, he served with Company A until he was severely injured in the Battle of Cedar Creek, Virginia, October 19, 1864, when he sustained a musket ball wound to the middle of his thigh; treated at a Union Army hospital in Virginia before being transported to the Union’s Mower General Hospital in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, he learned that the musket ball had damaged his femur and femoral arteries; following his wound-related death at Mower on March 12, 1865, he was buried at the Fairview Cemetery in Kutztown, Berks County;
* Diaz, John (Private, Company I): An immigrant from Spain’s Canary Islands, John Diaz emigrated sometime between 1862 and 1865 and settled in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, where he found work as a cigarmaker; on January 25, 1865, at the age of nineteen, he enlisted with the Union Army at a recruiting depot in Norristown, Montgomery County and served as a private with Company I of the 47th Pennsylvania Volunteer Infantry until it was mustered out on Christmas Day, 1865; following his return to Pennsylvania, he resumed work as a cigarmaker in Philadelphia, eventually launching his own cigarmaking firm, which became a family business as his sons became old enough to work for him; sometime between 1906 and 1910, he relocated with his wife and several of his children to Camden County, New Jersey, where he died on September 5, 1915;
James Downs (circa 1880s, public domain).
* Downs, James (Corporal, Company D): A twenty-three-year-old tanner residing in Blain, Perry County when he enrolled for Civil War military service on August 20, 1861, James Downs was captured by Confederate troops during the Battle of Pleasant Hill, Louisiana on April 9, 1864 and marched to Camp Ford, near Tyler, Texas, the largest Confederate prison camp west of the Mississippi River; held there as a prisoner of war (POW) until he was released during a prisoner exchange on July 22, 1864, he received medical treatment and was subsequently returned to active duty; following his honorable discharge with his regiment in Charleston, South Carolina, on December 25, 1865, he returned home, married, began a family and relocated with his family to Phillipsburg, New Jersey; suffering from heart and kidney disease, and possibly also from post-traumatic stress disorder, rather than “insane” as physicians at the Pennsylvania Memorial Home in Brookville, Jefferson County, Pennsylvania had diagnosed him, he fell from a window at that home and died at there on September 16, 1921; he was subsequently interred in the Veterans’ Circle of the Brookville Cemetery;
* Eagle, Augustus (Second Lieutenant, Company F): A German immigrant as a teenager, Augustus Eagle arrived in America on June 23, 1855, two years after his brother, Frederick Eagle, had emigrated and made a life for himself in Catasauqua, Lehigh County, Pennsylvania; both men married and began families there, with Fred employed as a laborer and Gus employed by the Crane Iron Works; when President Abraham Lincoln issued his call for volunteers to defend the nation’s capital during the opening weeks of the American Civil War, both men enrolled for military service on August 21, 1861 as privates with Company F of the 47th Pennsylvania Volunteer Infantry; in 1862, Fred fell ill and was honorably discharged on a surgeon’s certificate of disability, but Gus continued to serve, rising up through the regiment’s enlisted and officers’ ranks; commissioned as a second lieutenant, he was honorably discharged on September 11, 1864, upon completion of his three-year term of service; post-war, Fred became a successful baker with real estate and personal property valued at $4,200 (roughly $155,750 in 2023 dollars) and died in Catasauqua in 1885, while Gus owned a successful restaurant in Whitehall Township before operating the Fairview Hotel, which became a popular spot for political gatherings; after suffering a series of strokes in 1902, Gus died at his home on August 17 and was buried at the Fairview Cemetery in West Catasauqua;
* Eisenbraun, Alfred (Drummer Boy, Company B): A tobacco stripper and first-generation American from Allentown, Lehigh County, fifteen-year-old Alfred Eisenbraun became the second “man” from the 47th Pennsylvania to die when he succumbed to complications from typhoid fever at the Kalorama Eruptive Fever Hospital in Georgetown, District of Columbia on October 26, 1861; he still rests at the U.S. Soldiers’ and Airmen’s Home Cemetery in Washington, D.C.;
* Fink, Aaron (Corporal, Company B): A shoemaker and native of Salisbury Township, Lehigh County, Pennsylvania, Aaron Fink, grew up, began a family and established a successful small shoemaking business, first in Allentown and then in Mauch Chunk (now Jim Thorpe) in Carbon County; on August 20, 1861, he chose to respond to President Abraham Lincoln’s call for volunteers to help bring the American Civil War to a quick end when he enrolled for military service; shot in the right leg during the fighting at the Frampton Plantation during the Battle of Pocotaligo, South Carolina on October 22, 1862, he was treated at the Union Army’s hospital at Hilton Head, South Carolina, but died there from wound-related complications on November 5, 1862; initially buried near that hospital, his remains were later exhumed by Allentown undertaker Paul Balliet and returned to Pennsylvania for reinterment at that city’s Union-West End Cemetery;
* Fornwald, Reily M. (Corporal, Company G): Born in Heidelberg Township, Berks County, Reily Fornwald was raised there on his family’s farm near Stouchsberg; educated in his community’s common schools and then at Millersville State Normal School, he became a railroad worker before returning to farm life shortly before the dawn of the American Civil War; after enlisting for military service at the age of twenty on September 11, 1862, he was wounded in the head and groin by an exploding artillery shell during the Battle of Pocotaligo, South Carolina on October 22, 1862; stabilized on the battlefield before being transported to a field hospital for more advanced medical care, he spent four weeks recuperating before returning to active duty with his regiment; promoted to the rank of corporal on January 19, 1863, he continued to serve with his regiment until he was honorably discharged at Berryville, Virginia on September 18, 1864, upon expiration of his term of enlistment; after returning home, he spent four years operating a blast furnace for White & Ferguson in Robesonia, Berks County; he also married and began a family; sometime around 1870, he left that job to become an engine operator for Wright, Cook & Co. in Sheridan and then moved to a job as an engine operator for William M. Kauffman—a position he held for roughly a decade before securing employment as a shifting engineer with the Reading Railway Company at its yards in Reading; following his retirement in 1905, he and his wife settled in Robesonia, where he became involved in buying and selling real estate; following a severe fall in May 1925, during which he fractured a thigh bone, he died at the Homeopathic Hospital in Reading on June 1 and was buried at Robesonia’s Heidelberg Cemetery;
Captain Reuben Shatto Gardner, Company H, 47th Pennsylvania Volunteers, circa 1863 (public domain).
* Gardner, Reuben Shatto, John A. and Jacob S. R.: Natives of Perry County, Reuben Shatto Gardner and his brothers, John A. Gardner and Jacob S. R. Gardner, began their work lives as laborers; among the earliest responders to President Abraham Lincoln’s call to defend the nation’s capital, following the fall of Fort Sumter in mid-April 1861, Reuben was a twenty-five-year-old miller who resided in Newport, Perry County; after enlisting as a private with Company D of the 2nd Pennsylvania Volunteers on April 20, he was honorably mustered out after completing his term of service; he then re-upped for a three-year tour of duty, mustering in as a first sergeant with Company H of the newly-formed 47th Pennsylvania Volunteer Infantry; also enrolling with him that same day were his twenty-three-year-old and twenty-one-year-old brothers, John A. Gardner and Jacob S. R. Gardner; John officially mustered in at Camp Curtin in Harrisburg on September 18 (the day before Reuben arrived), while Jacob officially mustered in on September 19; both joined their brother’s company, entering at their respective ranks of corporal and private, but Jacob’s tenure was a short one; sickened by typhoid fever in late December 1861, he died at the 47th Pennsylvania’s regimental hospital at Camp Griffin, near Langley, Virginia on January 8, 1862; his remains were later returned to Perry County for burial at the Old Newport Cemetery; soldiering on, Reuben and John were transported with their regiment by ship to Fort Taylor in Key West, Florida and subsequently sent to South Carolina with their regiment and other Union troops; shot in the head and thigh during the Battle of Pocotaligo, South Carolina on October 22, 1862, Reuben was treated at the Union Army’s hospital at Hilton Head, South Carolina for an extended period of time, and then returned to active duty with his regiment; meanwhile, John was assigned with H Company and the men from Companies D, F and K to garrison Fort Jefferson in Florida’s Dry Tortugas; both brothers then continued to work their way up the regiment’s ranks, with John promoted to corporal on September 18, 1864 and Reuben ultimately commissioned as a captain and given command of Company H on February 16, 1865; both then returned home after honorably mustering out with the regiment in Charleston, South Carolina on Christmas Day, 1865; sometime around 1866 or 1867, Reuben and his wife migrated west, first to Elk River Station in Sherburne County, Minnesota and then to Stillwater, Washington County, before settling in the city of Minneapolis; through it all, he worked as a miller; Reuben and his family then relocated farther west, arriving in King County, Washington after the Great Seattle Fire of 1889; initially employed in the restaurant industry, Reuben later found work as a railroad conductor before prospecting for gold with son Edward in the western United States and British Columbia, Canada during the 1890s Gold Rush; employed as a U.S. Post Office clerk in charge of the money order and registry departments in Seattle from 1898 to 1902, Reuben died in Seattle at the age of sixty-eight on September 25, 1903 and was interred at that city’s Lakeview Cemetery; meanwhile, his brother John, who had resumed work as a fireman with the Pennsylvania Railroad after returning from the war, was widowed by his wife in 1872; after remarrying and welcoming the births of more children, he was severely injured on October 9, 1873 while working as a fireman on the Pacific Express for the Pennsylvania Railroad; unable to continue working as a fireman due to his amputated hand, he worked briefly as a railroad call messenger before launching his own transfer business in Harrisburg; after he was widowed by his ailing second wife, John was severely injured in a second accident in 1894 while loading his delivery wagon; still operating his business after the turn of the century, he remarried on January 3, 1900, but was widowed by his third wife when she died during a surgical procedure in 1911; he subsequently closed his business and relocated to the home of his daughter in the city of Reading, Berks County; four years later, he fell on an icy sidewalk and became bedfast; aged eighty and ailing from arteriosclerosis and lung congestion, he died at her home on February 20, 1918 and was buried at Reading’s Charles Evans Cemetery;
* Gethers, Bristor (Under-Cook, Company F): Born into slavery in South Carolina circa 1829, Bristor Gethers was married “by slave custom at Georgetown, S.C.” on the Pringle plantation in Georgetown sometime around 1847 to “Rachael Richardson” (alternate spelling “Rachel”); a field hand at the dawn of the Civil War, he was freed from chattel enslavement in 1862 by Union Army troops; he then enlisted as an “Under-Cook” with Company F of the 47th Pennsylvania Volunteer Infantry in Beaufort, South Carolina on October 5, 1862, and traveled with the regiment until October 4, 1865, when he was honorably discharged in Charleston, South Carolina upon completion of his three-year term of enlistment; at that point, he returned to Beaufort and resumed life with his wife and their son, Peter; a farmer, Bristor was ultimately disabled by ailments that were directly attributable to his Union Army tenure; awarded a U.S. Civil War Soldiers’ Pension, he lived out his days with his wife on Horse Island, South Carolina, and died on Horse Island, South Carolina on June 24 or 25, 1894; he was then laid to rest at a graveyard on Parris Island on June 26 of that same year;
* Gilbert, Edwin (Captain, Company F): A native of Northampton County and a carpenter residing in Catasauqua, Lehigh County at the dawn of the American Civil War, Edwin Gilbert enrolled as a corporal on August 21, 1861; after rising up through his regiment’s officer ranks, he was ultimately commissioned as a captain and placed in charge of his company on New Year’s Day, 1865, and then mustered out with his company in Charleston, South Carolina of Christmas of that same year; resuming his life with his wife and children in Lehigh County after the war, he continued to work as a carpenter; after suffering a stroke in late December 1893, he died on January 2, 1894 and was buried at the Fairview Cemetery in West Catasauqua;
Mrs. Caroline Bost and Martin L. Guth celebrated the anniversary of President Abraham Lincoln’s birthday with fellow Grand Army of the Republic and ladies auxiliary members in February 1933 (public domain).
* Guth, Martin Luther (Corporal, Company K): A native of Lehigh County and son of a farmer, Martin L. Guth was a seventeen-year-old laborer and resident of Guthsville in Whitehall Township at the dawn of the American Civil War; after enrolling for military service on September 26, 1862, he was officially mustered in as a corporal; he continued to serve with his regiment until he was honorably mustered out on October 1, 1865, upon expiration of his term of service; at some point during that service, he broke his leg—an injury that did not heal properly and plagued him for the remainer of his life; after returning home to the Lehigh Valley, he found work again as a laborer; married in 1883, he became the father of four children, one of whom was born in New Mexico and another who was born in California; he had moved his family west in search of work in the mining industry; documented as a “prospector” or “miner” records created in Nevada during that period, he was also documented on voter registration rolls of Butte City in Glenn County, California in August 1892; by 1900, he was living separately from his wife, who was residing in Bandon, Coos County, Oregon with their two children while he was residing at the Veterans’ Home of California in Yount Township, Napa County, California; subsequently admitted to the Mountain Branch of the network of U.S. National Homes for Disabled Volunteer Soldiers in Johnson City, Tennessee on February 11, 1912, his disabilities included an old compound fracture of his right leg with chronic ulceration, defective vision (right eye), chronic bronchitis, and arteriosclerosis; discharged on December 12, 1920, he was admitted to the U.S. National Soldiers’ Home in Leavenworth, Kansas on July 30, 1912, but discharged on September 29, 1913; by 1920, he was living alone on Fruitvale Avenue in the city of Oakland, California, but was remaining active with his local chapter of the Grand Army of the Republic as he rose through the leadership ranks of chapter, state and national G.A.R. organizations; after a long, adventure-filled life, he died on October 11, 1935, at the age of ninety-one, at the veterans’ home in San Francisco and was interred at the San Francisco National Cemetery (also known as the Presidio Cemetery);
Lieutenant Charles A. Hackman, Company G, 47th Pennsylvania Volunteers, circa 1864 (public domain).
* Hackman, Charles Abraham and Martin Henry (First Lieutenant and Sergeant, Company G): Natives of Rittersville, Lehigh County, Charles and Martin Hackman began their work lives as apprentices, with Charles employed by a carpenter and Martin employed by master coachmaker Jacob Graffin; members of the local militia unit known as the Allen Rifles, they were among the earliest responders to President Abraham Lincoln’s call to defend the nation’s capital, following the fall of Fort Sumter in mid-April 1861; both enlisted as privates with Company I of the 1st Pennsylvania Volunteers on April 20 and were honorably mustered out in July after completing their service; Charles then re-upped for a three-year tour of duty, mustering in as a sergeant with Company G of the newly-formed 47th Pennsylvania Volunteer Infantry; he then spent most of his early service in Virginia; meanwhile, his younger brother, Martin H. Hackman, who was employed as a coach trimmer in Lehigh County, re-enlisted for his own second tour of duty, as a private with Charles’ company, on January 8, 1862; working their way up the ranks, Charles was commissioned as a first lieutenant on June 18, 1863, while Martin was promoted to sergeant on April 26, 1864; Charles was then breveted as a captain on November 30, 1864 after having mustered out on November 5; Martin was then honorably discharged on January 8, 1865; initially employed, post-war, with the Philadelphia & Reading Railroad’s train car facility in Reading, Berks County, Charles was promoted to car inspector at the company’s Philadelphia facility in December 1866; he subsequently married, but had no children and was widowed in 1904; remarried, he remained in Philadelphia until the early 1900s, when he relocated to Allentown; Martin, who worked as a bricklayer in Allentown, did have children after marrying, but he, too, was widowed; also remarried, he became a manager at a rolling mill; ailing with pneumonia in early 1917, Charles was eighty-six years old when he died in Allentown on January 17; he was buried at Allentown’s Union-West End Cemetery, while his brother Martin was buried at the Nisky Hill Cemetery in Bethlehem, following his death in Bethlehem from a cerebral hemorrhage on December 14, 1921;
* Junker, George (Captain, Company K): A German immigrant as a young adult, George Junker emigrated sometime around the early 1850s and settled in Allentown, Lehigh County, Pennsylvania, where he found employment as a marble worker and tombstone carver, and where he also joined the Allen Infantry, one of his adopted hometown’s three militia units; responding to U.S. President Abraham Lincoln’s call for volunteers to defend the nation’s capital during the opening weeks of the American Civil War, George enlisted with his fellow Allen Infantrymen, honorably completed his Three Months’ Service, and promptly began his own recruitment of men for an “all-German company” for the newly-formed 47th Pennsylvania Volunteer Infantry; commissioned as a captain with the 47th Pennsylvania, he was placed in charge of his men who became known as Company K; mortally wounded by a Confederate rifle shot during the Battle of Pocotaligo, South Carolina on October 22, 1862, he died from his wounds the next day at the Union Army’s division hospital at Hilton Head, South Carolina; his remains were returned to his family in Hazleton, Luzerne County for reburial at the Vine Street Cemetery;
* Kern, Samuel (Private, Company D): A native of Perry County who was employed as a farmer in Bloomfield, Perry County when he enrolled for Civil War military service on August 20, 1861, Samuel Kern was wounded and captured by Confederate troops during the Battle of Pleasant Hill, Louisiana on April 9, 1864; marched to Camp Ford, near Tyler, Texas, the largest Confederate prison camp west of the Mississippi River, he was held there as a prisoner of war (POW) until he died from harsh treatment on June 12, 1864; buried somewhere on the grounds of that prison camp, his grave remains unidentified;
* Kosier, George (Captain, Company D): A native of Perry County and twenty-four-year-old carpenter residing in that county’s community of New Bloomfield at the dawn of the American Civil War, George Kosier became one of the earliest men from his county to respond to President Abraham Lincoln’s call for to defend the nation’s capital, following the fall of Fort-Sumter in mid-April 1861, when he enrolled for military service on April 20 as a corporal with Company D of the 2nd Pennsylvania Volunteers; honorably discharged in July after completing his Three Months’ Service, he re-enlisted as a first sergeant with Company D of the newly-formed 47th Pennsylvania Volunteer Infantry; joining him were his younger brothers, Jesse and William S. Kosier, aged nineteen and twenty-three, who were enrolled as privates with the same company; all three subsequently re-enlisted with their company at Fort Taylor in Key West, Florida in 1863; sadly, Jesse fell ill with pleurisy and died at the Union Army’s Field Hospital in Sandy Hook, Maryland on August 1864; initially buried at a cemetery in Weverton, Maryland, his remains were later exhumed and reinterred at the Antietam National Cemetery in Sharpsburg, Maryland; both George and William continued to serve with the regiment, with George continuing his rise up the ranks; commissioned as a captain, he was given command of Company D in early June 1865; both brothers were then honorably discharged with their regiment on Christmas Day, 1865; post-war, both men married and began families; William died in Pennsylvania sometime around 1879, but George went on to live a long full life; after settling in Ogle County, Illinois, where he was employed as a carpenter, he relocated with his family to Wright County, Iowa, where he built bridges; he died in Chicago on December 3, 1920 and was buried at that city’s Rosehill Cemetery;
Anna (Weiser) Leisenring (1851-1942) , circa 1914 (public domain).
* Leisenring, Annie (Weiser): The wife of Thomas B. Leisenring (Captain, Company G), Annie Leisenring was employed by the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania as a factory inspector after the American Civil War; she became well known through newspaper accounts of her inspection visits and also became widely respected for her efforts to improve child labor laws statewide;
* Lowrey, Thomas (Corporal, Company E): An Irish immigrant as a young adult, Thomas Lowrey emigrated sometime around the late 1840s or early 1850s and settled in Northampton County, Pennsylvania, where he found work as a miner, married and began a family; responding to U.S. President Abraham Lincoln’s call for volunteers to defend the nation’s capital during the opening weeks of the American Civil War, Thomas enlisted with Company E of the 47th Pennsylvania on September 16, 1861; after completing his three-year term of enlistment, he was honorably discharged in September 1864 and returned home to Pennsylvania, where he resumed work as a coal miner near Shenandoah, Schuylkill County, and where he resided with his wife and children; after witnessing the dawn of a new century, he died in Shenandoah on January 11, 1906;
This image of Julia (Kuenher) Minnich, circa 1860s, is being presented here through the generosity of Chris Sapp and his family, and is being used with Mr. Sapp’s permission. This image may not be reproduced, repurposed, or shared with other websites without the permission of Chris Sapp.
* Magill, Julia Ann (Kuehner Minnich): Widowed and the mother of a young son at the time that her husband, B Company’s Captain Edwin G. Minnich, was killed in battle during the American Civil War, Julia Ann (Kuehner) Minnich became a Union Army nurse at Harewood Hospital in Washington, D.C. during the war in order to keep a roof over her son’s head; she then spent the remainder of her life battling the U.S. Pension Bureau to receive and keep both the U.S. Civil War Widow’s Pension and U.S. Civil War Nurse’s Pension that she was entitled to under federal law; forced to go on working into her later years by poverty, she finally found work as a cook at a hotel in South Bethlehem; she died sometime after 1906;
* Menner, Edward W. (Second Lieutenant, Company E): A first-generation American who was a native of Easton, Northampton County, Edward Menner was a sixteen-year-old carpenter when he enrolled for Civil War military service on August 25, 1861; working his way up from private to second lieutenant before he was honorably discharged with his regiment in Charleston, South Carolina on Christmas Day, 1865, he was wounded in the left shoulder during the Battle of Cedar Creek, Virginia on October 19, 1864; after returning home to the Lehigh Valley, he secured employment as a hooker with the Bethlehem Iron Company (later known as Bethlehem Steel) on March 15, 1866; he married, begam a family and continued to work in the iron industry for much of his life; he died in Bethlehem on April 25, 1913 and was buried at that city’s Nisky Hill Cemetery;
* Miller, John Garber (Sergeant, Company D): A native of Ironville, Blair County, John G. Miller was a twenty-one-year-old laborer living in Duncannon, Perry County when he enrolled for Civil War military service on August 20, 1861; captured by Confederate troops during the Battle of Pleasant Hill, Louisiana on April 9, 1864 and marched to Camp Ford, near Tyler, Texas, the largest Confederate prison camp west of the Mississippi River, he was held there as a prisoner of war (POW) until he was released during a prisoner exchange on July 22, 1864; returned to active duty with his regiment after receiving medical treatment, he continued to serve until he was honorably discharged with the regiment in Charleston, South Carolina on December 25, 1865; after returning home, he married, began a family and relocated with his family to Philipsburg, Centre County, Pennsylvania, where he was employed as a teamster; returning to Blair County with his family, he resided with them in Logan Township before relocating with them again to Coalport, Clearfield County; suffering from heart disease, he died in Coalport on February 16, 1921 and was interred at the Coalport Cemetery;
Captain Theodore Mink, Company I, 47th Pennsylvania Volunteers (circa 1870s-1880s, courtesy of Julian Burley; used with permission).
* Mink, Theodore (Captain, Company I): A native of Allentown, Lehigh County who was apprenticed as a coachmaker and then tried his hand as a whaler and blacksmith prior to the American Civil War, Thedore Mink became one of the “First Defenders” who responded to President Abraham Lincoln’s call for seventy-five thousand volunteers to defend the nation’s capital after the fall of Fort Sumter in mid-April 1861; after honorably completing his Three Months’ Service in July, he re-enlisted on August 5 as a sergeant with Company I of the newly-formed 47th Pennsylvania Volunteer Infantry; after steadily working his way up through the ranks, he was commissioned as a captain and placed in charge of his company on May 22, 1865; he continued to serve with his regiment until it was mustered out on Christmas Day, 1865; following his return to Pennsylvania, he was hired as a laborer with a circus troupe operated by Mike Lipman before finding longtime employment in advertising and then as head of the circus wardrobe for the Forepaugh Circus before he was promoted to management with the circus; felled by pneumonia during late 1889, he died in Philadelphia on January 7, 1890 and was interred in Allentown’s Union-West End Cemetery;
* Newman, Edward (Private, Company H): A German immigrant who left his homeland sometime around 1920, Edward Newman chose to settle in Allentown, Lehigh County, Pennsylvania, where he found work as a baker; after enlisting for Civil War military service in August 1862, he mustered in as a private with Company I of the 127th Pennsylvania Volunteers and fought in the Battle of Fredericksburg from December 11-15 of that year; honorably mustered out with his regiment in May 1863, he re-enlisted on October 23, 1863 for a second tour of duty—but as a private with a different regiment—Company H of the 47th Pennsylvania Volunteers; he continued to serve with the 47th Pennsylvania until he was officially mustered out in Charleston, South Carolina on Christmas Day, 1865, he returned to Pennsylvania’s Lehigh Valley, where he worked briefly as a baker; suffering from rheumatism that developed while the 47th Pennsylvania was stationed near Cedar Creek, Virginia during the fall of 1864, he was admitted to the network of U.S. Homes for Disabled Volunteer Soldiers at the Central Branch in Dayton, Montgomery County, Ohio on July 17, 1877; still unmarried and still living there in 1880, his health continued to decline; diagnosed with acute enteritis, he died there on January 22, 1886 and was buried at the Dayton National Cemetery;
Captain Daniel Oyster, Company C, 47th Pennsylvania Volunteers, circa 1864 (public domain).
* Oyster, Daniel (Captain, Company C): A native of Sunbury, Northumberland County who was employed as a machinist, Daniel Oyster became one of the earliest men from his county to respond to President Abraham Lincoln’s call to defend the nation’s capital, following the fall of Fort-Sumter in mid-April 1861, when he enrolled for Civil War military service on April 23 as a corporal with Company F of the 11th Pennsylvania Volunteers; honorably discharged in July after completing his Three Months’ Service, he re-enlisted as a first sergeant with Company C of the newly-formed 47th Pennsylvania Volunteers on August 19; his brother, John Oyster, subsequently followed him into the service, enrolling as a private with his company on November 20, 1863; after rising up through the ranks to become captain of his company, Daniel was shot in his left shoulder near Berryville, Virginia on September 5, 1864 and then shot in his right shoulder during the Battle of Cedar Creek on October 19; successfully treated by Union Army surgeons for both wounds, he was awarded a veteran’s furlough in order to continue his recuperation and returned home to Sunbury; he then returned to duty and was honorably discharged with his company on Christmas Day, 1865; post-discharge, he and his brother, John, returned home to Sunbury; Daniel continued to reside with their aging mother and was initially employed as a policeman, but was then forced by a war-related decline in his health to take less-taxing work as a railroad postal agent; his brother John, who was married, lived nearby and worked as a fireman, but died in Sunbury on April 20, 1899; employed as a bookkeeper after the turn of the century, Daniel never married and was ultimately admitted to the Southern Branch of the U.S. National Home for Disabled Volunteer Soldiers in Hampton, Virginia, where he died on August 5, 1922—exactly sixty-one years to the day after the 47th Pennsylvania Volunteer Infantry was founded; he was given a funeral with full military honors before being laid to rest in the officers’ section at the Arlington National Cemetery on August 11;
* Sauerwein, Thomas Franklin (First Sergeant, Company B): The son of a lock tender in Pennsylvania’s Lehigh Valley, Thomas Sauerwein was employed as a carpenter at the dawn of the American Civil War; following his enrollment for military service in Allentown, Lehigh County on August 20, 1861, he was officially mustered in as a private with Company B of the 47th Pennsylvania Volunteer Infantry; from that point on, he steadily worked his way up the ranks of the regiment, ultimately being promoted to first sergeant on New Year’s Day, 1865; following his honorable discharge with his company on Christmas Day of that same year, he returned home to the Lehigh Valley, where he found work as a carpenter, married and began a family; by 1880, he had moved his family west to Williamsport in Lycoming County, where he had found work as a machinist; employed as a leather roller with a tanning factory, he was promoted to a position as a leather finisher after the turn of the century, while his two sons worked as leather rollers in the same industry; he died in Williamsport on July 29, 1912 and was buried at the East Wildwood Cemetery in Loyalsock;
* Slayer, Joseph (Private, Company E; also known as “Dead Eye Dick” and “E. J. McMeeser”): A native of Philadelphia, Joseph Slayer was a nineteen-year-old miner residing in Willliams Township, Northampton County, Pennsylvania at the dawn of the American Civil War; after enrolling for military service in Easton, Northampton County on September 9, 1861, he was officially mustered in as a private with Company E of the 47th Pennsylvania Volunteers; he continued to serve with his company, re-enlisting as a private with Company E, under the name of Joseph Slayer, at Fort Jefferson in Florida’s Dry Tortugas on January 4, 1864; honorably mustered out with his company in Charleston, South Carolina on Christmas Day, 1865, he relocated to Zanesville, Ohio sometime after the war, where he joined the Grand Army of the Republic’s Hazlett Post No. 81; he may then have relocated briefly to St. Paul, Minnesota sometime around the 1870s or early 1880s, or may simply have had a child and grandchild living there, because newspaper reports of his death noted that he had been carrying a photograph of a toddler named Robert—a photo that had “To Grandpa” inscribed on it and indicated that the grandchild, Robert, was a resident of St. Paul in 1892; by the 1880s, Joseph had made it as far west as the Dakota Territory—but this was where his life’s journey took a strange twist; discarding the name he had used in the army (“Joseph Slayer”), he changed his name several times over the next several years, as if he were trying to shed his prior life and all of its associations; acquaintances he met in the southern part of the Dakota Territory during the early to mid-1880s knew him as “Dead Eye Dick” while others who met him after he had resettled in Bismarck, in the northern part of the Dakota Territory, knew him as “Eugene McMeeser” or “E. J. McMeeser” (alternate spelling: “McNeeser”); by the time that the federal government conducted its special census of Civil War veterans in June 1890, Joseph was so comfortable fusing parts of his old and new lives together that he was convincingly documented by an enumerator as “Eugene McMeeser,” a veteran who had served as a private with Company E of the 47th Pennsylvania Infantry from September 9, 1861 until January 11, 1866; in 1890, Joseph became a married man; documented as having rheumatism so severe that he was “at times confined at home,” he filed for a U.S. Civil War Pension from North Dakota on March 28, 1891—but he did so as “Joseph Slayer”—the name under which he had first enrolled for military service in Pennsylvania in 1861; ultimately awarded a pension—which would not have happened if federal officials had not been able to verify his identity and match it to his existing military service records, he was diagnosed with angina pectoris in 1904, but still managed to secure a U.S. patent for one of his inventions—a napkin holder; he died in Bismarck less than a month later, on January 12 or 13, 1905; found on the floor of his rented room, his death sparked a coroner’s inquest which revealed that he had been living under an assumed name; he was buried at Saint Mary’s Cemetery in Bismarck; the name “Joseph Slayer” was carved onto his military headstone;
* Snyder, Timothy (Corporal, Company C): A carpenter who was born in Rebuck, Northumberland County, Tim Snyder was employed as a carpenter and residing in the city of Sunbury in that county by the dawn of the American Civil War; after enlisting for military service as a private in August 1861, he was wounded twice in combat, once during the Battle of Pocotaligo, South Carolina (1862) and a second time, in the knee, during the Battle of Opequan, Virginia (1864), shortly after he had been promoted to the rank of corporal; he survived and returned to Pennsylvania, where he resumed work as a carpenter; after relocating to Schuylkill County, he settled in the community of Ashland; in 1870, he married Catharine Boyer and started a family with her; he continued to work as a carpenter in Schuylkill County until his untimely death in May 1889 and was laid to rest with military honors at the Brock Cemetery in Ashland; John Hartranft Snyder, his first son to survive infancy, grew up to become a co-founder of the Lavelle Telegraph and Telephone Company, while his second son to survive infancy, Timothy Grant Snyder, became a corporal in the United States Marine Corps during the Spanish-American War; stationed on the USS Buffalo as it visited Port Said, Egypt, he also served aboard Admiral George Dewey’s flagship, the USS Olympia, in 1899;
Drummer Boy William Williamson, 47th Pennsylvania Volunteers, Company A, circa 1863 (public domain).
* Williamson, William (Drummer, Company A): A farmer from Stockertown, Northampton County, William Williamson was documented by a mid-nineteenth-century federal census enumerator as an unmarried laborer who lived at the Easton home of Northampton County physician John Sandt, M.D.—an indication that William’s parents may have either died or were struggling so much financially during the 1850s and early 1860s that they had encouraged him to “leave the nest” and begin supporting himself, or had hired him out as an apprentice or indentured servant; like so many other young men from Northampton County, when President Abraham Lincoln issued his call for help to protect the nation’s capital from a likely invasion by Confederate States Army troops, he stepped forward, raised his hand, and stated the following:
I, William Williamson appointed a private in the Army of the United States, do solemnly swear, or affirm, that I will bear true allegiance to the United States of America, and that I will serve them honestly and faithfully against all their enemies or opposers whatsoever, and observe and obey the orders of the President of the United States, and the orders of the officers appointed over me, according to the rules and articles for the government of the Armies of the United States.
Later in life, William Williamson became a champion for an older woman who had been struggling to convince officials of the federal government that she was worthy enough to be awarded a U.S. Civil War Mother’s Pension, after her son had died in service to the nation as a Union Army soldier.
Post-war, William Williamson found work at a slate quarry, married, began a family in Belfast, Northampton County, and lived to witness the dawn of a new century. Following his death at the age of sixty in Plainfield Township on June 17, 1901, he was laid to rest at the Belfast Union Cemetery.
Sources:
- “A Badge from Admiral Dewey and Schuylkill County” (announcements of Timothy Grant Snyder’s service on Admiral Dewey’s flagship). Reading, Pennsylvania: Reading Eagle: October 3, 1899 and November 21, 1899.
- Baptismal, census, marriage, military, death, and burial records of the Snyder family. Pennsylvania, California, Florida, Louisiana, Massachusetts, Nevada, Ohio, etc.: Snyder Family Archives, 1650-present; and in Historic Pennsylvania Church and Town Records (baptismal, marriage, death and burial records of various churches across Pennsylvania). Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: Historical Society of Pennsylvania, 1776-1918.
- Bates, Samuel P. History of Pennsylvania Volunteers, 1861-5, vol. 1. Harrisburg, Pennsylvania: B. Singerly, State Printer, 1869.
- James Crownover, James Downs and Samuel Kern, et. al., in Camp Ford Prison Records. Tyler, Texas: The Smith County Historical Society, 1864.
- Civil War Muster Rolls, 1861-1866 (47th Pennsylvania Infantry). Harrisburg, Pennsylvania: Pennsylvania State Archives.
- Civil War Veterans’ Card File, 1861-1866 (47th Pennsylvania Infantry). Harrisburg, Pennsylvania: Pennsylvania State Archives.
- Registers of Deaths of Volunteers, U.S. Army; Admissions Ledgers, U.S. National Homes for Disabled Volunteer Soldiers; federal burial ledgers, and national cemetery interment control forms, 1861-1935. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Office of the Adjutant General (Record Group 94), U.S. National Archives and Records Administration.
- Schmidt, Lewis. A Civil War History of the 47th Regiment of Pennsylvania Veteran Volunteers. Allentown, Pennsylvania: Self-published, 1986.
- U.S. Census Records, 1830-1930. Washington, D.C.: U.S. National Archives and Records Administration.
- U.S. Civil War Pension Records, 1862-1935. Washington, D.C.: U.S. National Archives and Records Administration.
#47thPennsylvania #47thPennsylvaniaInfantry #47thPennsylvaniaRegiment #47thPennsylvaniaVolunteers #47thRegimentPennsylvania #AlleghenyCounty #Allentown #America #AmericanCivilWar #AmericanHistory #ArlingtonNationalCemetery #Army #Ashland #Baker #Beaufort #BerksCounty #Bethlehem #Bismarck #BlackHistory #Blacksmith #Blain #BlairCounty #Boatman #bricklayer #Brookville #Butcher #Cabinetmaker #California #CampFord #canal #CarbonCounty #Carpenter #Catasauqua #CentreCounty #CharlesEvansCemetery #Charleston #Chicago #Cigarmaker #Circus #CivilWar #ClearfieldCounty #coachTrimmer #coachmaker #Coalport #CommonwealthOfPennsylvania #DakotaTerritory #Dayton #Duncannon #Easton #Factory #Farmer #fireman #firemen #FirstDefenders #FloridaAndSouthCarolina #ForepaughCircus #FortJefferson #FortTaylor #FruitvaleAvenue #Germany #goldProspecting #GoldRush #Hampton #Harrisburg #HiltonHead #History #Illinois #Immigrants #Immigration #Infantry #inspector #Iowa #Ireland #Irish #Iron #JeffersonCounty #JohnsonCity #Kansas #KeyWest #LaborDay #LaborDayWeekend #Laborers #Leavenworth #LehighCounty #LehighValley #lockTender #Louisiana #LuzerneCounty #LycomingCounty #Machinist #Maryland #Masons #Miner #Minnesota #NapaValley #Nebraska #Nevada #NewJersey #NewMexico #NorthDakota #NorthamptonCounty #NorthumberlandCounty #Nurses #Oakland #Ohio #Oregon #PacificExpress #PennsylvaniaHistory #PennsylvaniaInTheCivilWar #PennsylvaniaRailroad #PerryCounty #Philadelphia #Phillipsburg #Pittsburgh #Pocotaligo #POW #prisonerOfWar #Quarry #railroad #ReadingRailroad #Rittersville #Robesonia #rollingMill #SanFrancisco #SchuylkillCounty #Seattle #Shenandoah #ShenandoahValley #Slavery #SouthCarolina #StPaul #Sunbury #tanner #tannery #Teamsters #Tennessee #Texas #TheUnionArmy #Tyler #USMilitaryAndTheUnionArmy #USPostOffice #veteran #VeteranVolunteers #veterans #Virginia #Washington #WestwardMigration #Whaler #Williamsport #Zanesville
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Marvelous Market: Best New Comics August 19
All the comics fit to print, and several others too
Hello and welcome to the Marvelous Market, my weekly guide for anyone interested in going to a comic book store today. In addition to a full list of new # 1s and new volume 1s, I’ll be giving you my top 4 recommendations in 4 categories. Like Houston legend Mike Jones rapped, “We’re still tippin’ on four-fours.” I’m going to give you the top four new comics, top four ongoing comics, the top four graphic novels, and the top 4 preorders.
The work going into this curation is made possible by readers like you. For less than the cost of a cup of coffee a month, you can help make this work possible.
New Issue # 1s
BUG WARS: THE COMING OF THE WARDOOM # 1
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The backyard battlefield heats up and it’s even more brutal and bloodier than before.
Superstar creators JASON AARON & MAHMUD ASRAR return to the savage suburban epic that feeds Honey, I Shrunk the Kids through a war grinder and marinates it in Conan-flavored myth and mayhem.
Six months after the Yard ran red with insect blood, uneasy peace is shattered as ancient enemies rise from the Woods, corporate extermination forces close in, and Slade Slaymaker is dragged back into a brutal world where roach knights ride, squirrel armies gather, and survival means choosing your side in a war no human was meant to fight.
Welcome back to BUG WARS: THE COMING OF THE WARDOOM.
THE LAST DRIVER # 1
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AMERICA, THE NOT TOO DISTANT FUTURE — NO ONE KNOWS HOW TO DRIVE…EXCEPT FOR HIM!
As technology in America advanced, cities began creating the GRID — a robotic transportation system that not only made cars obsolete, it made them illegal. But an outlaw named “Clutch” has no choice but to get behind the wheel one more time. What starts out as a race to save his granddaughter’s life quickly turns into a rebellion against technology, fascism, and the future of a divided America.
Superstar artist and longtime gearhead SEAN GORDON MURPHY (Batman: White Knight, TOKYO GHOST, Punk Rock Jesus, The Wake) writes and draws this highly anticipated ongoing series.
SHELLSHOCK # 1
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NEW WARS! NEW SOLDIERS! SAME OLD PRICE TO PAY… Kiss your rifle and swallow your fear, because EC Comics is rotating back into combat for the 21st century’s first dose of two-fisted fury with staggering new tales of war and fighting men in our next giant-sized special!
Meet mankind’s greatest enemy of all — himself — as commanding writers Julio Anta (This Land Is Our Land: A Blue Beetle Story), John Arcudi (B.P.R.D.), Benito Cereno (Invincible Presents: Atom Eve), and Michael W. Conrad (Double Walker) lead a joint campaign alongside artistic bombardiers Tom Fowler (EC’s Catacomb of Torment), David Lapham (Stray Bullets), Albert Monteys (Slaughterhouse-Five: The Graphic Novel), and Shawn Martinbrough (Thief of Thieves) that will always bring enemy and ally, private and general, to the same reward in the end: a flag-draped casket and glory posthumously conferred. Plus: This 56-page testament to fortitude also features another all-time EC classic, painstakingly remastered and restored!
You’ve warmed yourselves by the pyres of SHIVER SUSPENSTORIES… You’ve grabbed OUTLAW SHOWDOWN by both red-hot barrels… And you’ve felt the poison touch of TORTURED HEARTS. But nothing can prepare you for what awaits — or who you will become — when you finally reach the front line. Here, there can be no peace — only SHELLSHOCK!
WHAT IF…? RUNAWAYS # 1
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WHAT IF… THE RUNAWAYS HADN’T RUN AWAY?
Every year, a group of philanthropists gather for a charitable fundraiser… or so their children Alex Wilder, Chase Stein, Gertrude Yorkes, Karolina Dean, Molly Hayes and Nico Minoru thought. When they discover their parents form the Pride, a sinister, sacrificial group that answers to a godly race called the Gibborim , the teens are terrified, shocked and… intrigued? Their destiny awaits, and there’s no running away.
ONGOING SERIES
ABSOLUTE GREEN ARROW # 4
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BORN ON A MONDAY… RISES ABSOLUTE SOLOMON GRUNDY! Dinah’s search for the Green Arrow Killer has led them both to discover the truth behind the Island — a place far more horrifying than either of them could ever dream. But most disturbing of all is who they discover there — as Absolute Green Arrow debuts the first appearance of a new Absolute take on a classic DC character.
G.I. JOE # 25
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IT HAD TO HAPPEN: G.I. JOE VS. NIGHT FORCE!
Everything has been leading to this EXTRA-SIZED landmark issue as Joe battles Joe, friends become enemies, and the chart-topping team of JOSHUA WILLIAMSON and TOM REILLY kick off the biggest G.I. JOE story in Energon Universe history!
KAYA # 36
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The Great Oracle calculates her next move as Jin and his companions march ever closer to their confrontation with her. While far to the south, KAYA believes she may have found a new family…
THOR #800
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AN ASGARDIAN MILESTONE: THOR #800!
The Serpent has trapped Sigurd Jarlson in the worst of all possible worlds for his greatest trial. Now, without even a weapon in his hand, he must prove himself worthy to enter the Realms of the Gods. Somewhere in the city, a man without even a hammer begins the ultimate quest… the quest for Thor!
Plus: Bonus stories, including a thrilling new tale by Chris Condon (Ultimate Wolverine) & Jesse Lonergan (Drome)!
Trade Paperbacks, Hardcovers, and OGNs
ASSORTED CRISIS EVENTS vol. 2 TP
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The second volume in the action-packed series following normal people navigating an alternate world where time is having a crisis, and just stepping outside your door can send you on an unexpected adventure.
Time is (still) having a crisis!
In this volume, Sasha struggles with her role as caretaker for her husband as he slips through time, Tom tries to live in a world where dead bodies with his face and finger prints keep appearing, a homeless comic book artist literally falls into the gutters, and a look into the temporal gig economy.
The hit series returns with more sad, beautiful, experimental, funny, gory stories of people and time in crisis!
Collects issues #6-9.
EXQUISITE CORPSES vol. 3 TP
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Trick-or-treating. Clocking in for your shift at work. Going to the annual Halloween party down at the Pit. For the citizens of Oak Valley, Maine, any one of these activities could spell a gruesome death as twelve of the most dangerous killers in the world turn their sleepy little town into the playing field for a game that will decide the fate of the entire country for years to come.
As the sun begins to rise on the unlucky town chosen as this year’s arena, the last remaining killers gather to determine the winner. But the civilians of Oak Valley have been pushed to their limits, and with nothing left to lose, they’re not going to let the powers-that-be play the game by their rules any longer…
JAMES TYNION IV (THE DEPARTMENT OF TRUTH) and MICHAEL WALSH (THE SILVER COIN) are joined by TYLER BOSS (YOU’LL DO BAD THINGS), JORDIE BELLAIRE (REDLANDS), CHE GRAYSON (Dark Spaces: Good Deeds), VALENTINE DE LANDRO (BITCH PLANET), MARIANNA IGNAZZI (Catwoman), and GAVIN FULLERTON (THE CLOSET) as they conclude the blood-soaked first season of the groundbreaking horror epic!
Collects EXQUISITE CORPSES #9-13
MEDIEVAL SPAWN TP
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MEDIEVAL SPAWN’S origins have long been shrouded in mystery, but this miniseries finally sheds light on the story of one of the most intriguing Hellspawns. As SIR JON OF YORK, he battles dragons, wizards, and relentless hordes of monsters, carving a bloody legacy throughout history. This exploration promises to captivate fans and newcomers alike, revealing the depth and complexity of a character that has fascinated audiences for years.
Collects MEDIEVAL SPAWN #1-4.
MISS TRUESDALE AND THE RISE OF MAN HC
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Hellboy creator Mike Mignola and artist Jesse Lonergan continue their acclaimed Miss Truesdale saga in this new comics miniseries.
Finally at peace with her past lives, Anum Yassa now must fight to protect the future as a dark force endeavors destroy it.The fate of mankind rests in her hands.
The secretary Miss Truesale turned gladiator Anum Yassa wanders the forest to learn about her lives—past, present, and future. Monster after monster, foe after foe, Anum Yassa fights them off—but something or someone is behind them all. The gladiator-secretary must protect the future of man before a powerful evil can stop mankind’s destiny and replace it with a darker fate—and the evil forces will not be stopped so easily.
Collects Miss Truesdale and the Rise of Man #1–#4 and bonus material.
Preorders on Final Order Cutoff
AFTERLIFE WITH ARCHIE Deluxe Edition HC
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R.I.P. Riverdale! Once in a generation, a story so potent, so powerful, so horrifying rises from the grave to redefine the comics medium’s greatest icons. Enter: The first-ever deluxe collection of Afterlife with Archie — collecting the totality of the groundbreaking, cemetery-shaking comics masterpiece from Harvey Award–winning writer Roberto Aguirre-Sacasa (Stephen King’s The Stand: American Nightmare) and Eisner Award–winning artist Francesco Francavilla (Batman: The Black Mirror) that first introduced Riverdale’s teenage icons into a merciless world of ritual magic, undead terror, and survival at any cost!
When a tragic death befalls Jughead Jones’s closest companion, his grief drives him to the doorstep of Sabrina the Teenage Witch… and into the thrall of a dark magic that will soon turn the whole of Riverdale into a ravenous pack of undead zombies fueled by a desire for human flesh. Hunted by the reanimated corpses of their friends and loved ones, can Archie, Betty, Veronica, and the rest of America’s most beloved teenagers battle back by a legion of the dead… and live long enough to stop the entire world from being consumed by the same unholy hunger? Pal vs. pal. Classmate vs. classmate. Living vs. dead. They swore to be friends until the end… but they never expected the end to look quite like this.
This definitive hardcover collection of the riveting and relentless milestone that the New York Times calls “gruesome [and] masterly” re-presents the entirety of the Afterlife with Archie saga—including the never-before-collected issues #6–10—in an oversized format that also features a complete cover gallery and behind-the-scenes materials on the development of Archie Comics’ first all-out horror epic.
Collecting Afterlife with Archie #1–10.
AVENGERS # 1
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IN THE WAKE OF ARMAGEDDON, A NEW TEAM ASSEMBLES… Superstar team Chip Zdarsky & Marco Checchetto reunite for a trailblazing new era of AVENGERS! With the world order completely rewritten after AVENGERS: ARMAGEDDON, there comes a day, a day unlike any other, when a new group of Earth’s mightiest heroes find themselves united to avenge the Marvel Universe: Spider-Man, Wolverine, Captain Marvel, Daredevil, Luke Cage and [REDACTED]! The Avengers take center stage once again in the Marvel Universe, and it all starts here. Don’t miss it!
LEGACY #808
BUFFY THE VAMPIRE SLAYER # 1
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Eisner-winning writer KELLY THOMPSON (Absolute Wonder Woman, Black Widow) and superstar artist STEPHEN BYRNE (Wonder Twins) present a vision of BUFFY THE VAMPIRE SLAYER you’ve got to read to believe! Featuring the comics debut of a beloved Buffy fan-favorite character!
Into every generation, a slayer is born. And Buffy Summers may have broken the mold. Though Buffy’s powers were varied and great, it was the love and devotion she inspired that was perhaps her greatest power. And when she gave her life to save the world, the people who loved her couldn’t live with that. This is that story.
THREE WORLDS / THREE MOONS: SHIFT # 1
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From the New York Times bestselling and multi-Eisner Award-nominated creator of East of West, The Manhattan Projects, Decorum, and more comes this ambitious, science fiction universe presented by comics titan Jonathan Hickman.
Explore the beginnings of the 3 Worlds/3 Moons Universe in this stunning prestige format comic book written by Jonathan Hickman, with art and colors by Mike del Mundo!
Set generations before the current science cycle, in a time when magic is at its peak and Kaoso is thriving, Syg the White Hart eschews the wishes of his family and the will of the Academy, by hitching a ride on a Vojoganto to the center of the universe — Akva — to understand the cause behind what he believes to be the inevitable collapse of the universe as he knows it. Accompanied by his lifelong friend, an accused heretic named Markus, the two set out to unlock the secrets of life and stop the worlds’ collapse. At the same time, there are forces set out to bring about the inevitable change and reawaken the God Machine of Ordo, thereby kickstarting the beginning of the next science cycle and the downfall of magic. Will Syg and Markus be able to complete their mission, or will their time be cut short by the next cosmic shift?
What did I miss?
If there are some great comics, collected or in single issues, that you think I should be reading, tell me about them! And if you do try out any of these series, let me know how you liked them, or didn’t. This is a safe space for haters. If you enjoy this service, please share this article on social media or tell someone that you know reads comics about it.
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Chapter 7b Plants and the artistic imperative
The fern Cheilanthes lindheimeri. Several species of the genus Cheilanthes have been reassigned to the newly-created genus Gaga, named in honour of celebrity chanteuse and entertainer Lady Gaga (Fay-Wei Li et al., 2012).
In considering the botanical bounty that is the food value of plants in the previous post we considered their capacity to sustain people and encourage development of agriculture and settled societies. Where people are well-fed and not having to spend hours in a daily foraging for food there is potential for a more creative side to mankind to develop and even flourish. That more artistic side of humanity – which is another consequence of plant productivity – is touched upon in this section.
[Ed. – this section is very much a work-in-progress…]
The cultural side of plants
This aspect of the influence of plants on humanity is a rather large and eclectic area. Indeed, just a search for ‘Plants in Art’ on Wikipedia turns up plenty of subcategories, including such topics as: Plants in art by artist; Plants in art by medium; Plants in art by plant; Plantae on stamps. And, within the sub-category Plants in art by subject, we have such collections as: Fruit in art by subject; Plants in art of France by subject; Anthropomorphic plants; Fictional plants; Plants forming letters or numerals; Silhouettes of plants; Talking plants; and Weed control in art. Clearly, it is not possible to cover all aspects here. Rather, I’ve included a few of the major topics which I hope convey some of the involvement of plants and plant-themes in areas of culture that have enriched our lives.
After having read this short review – and you still crave more of this sort of thing – some of the best examples of the influence of plants in the lives of people are titles in Reaktion Books’ Botanical series, “the first of its kind, integrating horticultural and botanical writing with a broader account of the cultural and social impact of trees, plants and flowers”. To give you an idea of what they cover, several books in that series have been reviewed by Mr P Cuttings in the PlantCuttings blog (e.g., Dan Torre’s Orchid), and prior to that on the BotanyOne site (e.g., Dan Torre’s Carnivorous Plants, Chrysanthemum by Twigs Way, and Oliver Southall’s Rowan). [Ed. – and, proving that it’s not just seed plants covered in that series, let’s not ignore the so-called ‘lower plants’ of mosses and – equally cryptogamic – lichens in Elizabeth Lawson’s Moss and Lichen]
For a consideration of the cultural significance of plants en masse – in gardens – see The green fuse: Essays in making sense of gardens by Peter Dale.
Poetry
Plants have appeared in poems and featured in poetry for hundreds of years. Take for example Metamorphoses (in English translation by AS Kline, 2000) by Ancient Roman poet Ovid (Edward John Kenney). Amongst the many myths covered by Metamorphoses, “a Latin narrative poem from 8 CE”, the poet tells the tale of the creation of the hyacinth (Bk X:143-219 (AS Kline, 2000). Briefly, the plant is essentially the ‘reincarnation’ of a young man, Hyacinthus, who was accidentally killed by a discus thrown by the god Apollo (Howard Oakley, 2017).
Probably, one of the most well-known plants-in-poems in the English language features the daffodil (Jenny Laville), in William Wordsworth’s ‘Daffodils’. Although its proper name is I wandered lonely as a cloud, it is an account in verse of the poet’s response to, and thoughts and feelings about, seeing a clump of this monocot bulb in flower in the Lake District region of the UK in the very early part of the 19th century. Whilst I believe that the person best placed to tell us what a poem is about is the poem’s author, for those who’d like to read the interpretations of others, see Oliver Tearle, Norman E Rosenthal, and here. [Ed. – although I’ve often felt that dissecting a poem in detail tends to ruin it, rather like teasing apart a flower to examine its component parts ruins the flower itself…]
At the other end of the plant-admiration-in-verse spectrum we have The loves of plants by natural philosopher, physiologist, abolitionist, inventor, freemason, and poet Erasmus Darwin (Thomas E Hart; Nettie Farris, 2023), published near the end of the 18th century. [Ed. – in case you’re wondering, yes, he is grandfather to Charles Darwin (Patricia Fara, 2012; 2026)]
[Ed. – a readable and searchable version of Erasmus Darwin’s tome edited by Tristanne Connolly et al. (2025) and with extensive interpretative notes, etc. is available here]
If Wordsworth wrote about plants (well, daffodils at least) in a rather romantic way [Ed. – he was one of the so-called Romantic Poets (Daniel David Wallace; David Barratt, 2022) after all…], Darwin very much ‘told us like it is’.
In its time The loves of plants was somewhat controversial (Jenny Uglow, 2002) because its verses were sexually charged – even if they were phrased in ways that may be considered quaint and somewhat impenetrable to a 21st century audience. But, why all the fuss? After all, this so-called ‘scientific poetry’ (Geoffrey Scott, 1982) was just Darwin’s attempt to explain scientific matters to a non-science-specialist audience. And, all that it did was to put into verse the sexual system for classification of plants devised by Linnaeus. Well, it certainly did that. But the problem revolves around the way in which the various categories of plants were described.
Some context is appropriate – and needed – at this point.
Linnaeus’ classification system for plants largely relied upon the numbers and arrangements of male [stamens (Melissa Petruzzello)] and female [pistils] floral parts within a flower to determine to which category a plant should be assigned. In describing each of the 24 classes (which were sub-divided further into ‘orders’) that he recognised, Linnaeus used Latin phrases – because that was the language of the learned person in Europe in the late 18th century when Systema Naturae, the publication that introduced this system to the world, was published.
Although it somewhat anthropomorphised the botanical structures involved – for example, “Mariti sex in eodem conjugio” translates to “six husbands in the same marriage” (for floral class ‘hexandria’), and, “Mariti cum genitalibus foedus conftituerunt” , which in English is “the husbands form an alliance with the genitals” (for class ‘syngenesia’) – its sexualised nature is something that would probably have been unknown to the great majority of the non-botanical, non-Latinate public. But, Darwin wrote in English. As something of a taste of what was to come for his readers, his introduction to the poem contains a summary table listing the 24 plant classes – per Linnaeus’ classification – but with English descriptions (e.g., see image thereof in the fascinating blog post about the poem and Dr Darwin by David Marsh (2024)). [Ed. – this table is also reproduced in the article by Janet Browne (1989) that examines Darwin’s Loves of plants in forensic detail.]
As bold and ‘in your face’ as that is, the poetic Dr Darwin expands upon all of this by writing about flowering plants that illustrate the arrangement of stamens and pistils for each class. And – for good measure – the angiospermous anthropomorphism is further embellished by reference to many mythological gods and goddesses (as would probably be understood by his educated readership of the time, but is probably lost on most of a 21st century audience). So much for text about context, etc., what about some of Darwin’s own words?
This following passage is written about Adonis annua. Known as pheasant’s eye in English, this flowering plant is in the Linnean class XIII Polyandria (flowers with many stamens), order Polygynia (numerous pistils as well), and is the last plant featured in Darwin’s poem.
From The loves of plants
“A hundred virgins join a hundred swains,
And fond Adonis leads the sprightly trains;
Pair after pair, along his sacred groves
To Hymen’s fane the bright procession moves;
Each smiling youth a myrtle garland shades,
And wreaths of roses veil the blushing maids;
Light Joys on twinkling feet attend the throng,
Weave the gay dance, or raise the frolic song;
—Thick, as they pass, exulting Cupids fling
Promiscuous arrows from the sounding string;
On wings of gossamer soft Whispers fly,
And the sly Glance steals side-long from the eye.
—As round his shrine the gaudy circles bow,
And seal with muttering lips the faithless vow,
Licentious Hymen joins their mingled hands,
And loosely twines the meretricious bands.—”
They (probably) don’t write ‘em like that any more…
[Ed. – Darwin “devoted much of his energy to communicating his knowledge to the wider public”, and “Darwin’s scientific poetry was the popular science of its day, and one might compare him to contemporary science communicators, such as Carl Sagan, James Burke, Bill Nye, or Neil deGrasse Tyson, in terms of his effect on the popular interest and understanding of science” (Mark Sundaram)]
[Ed. – amongst his other many achievements, Erasmus Darwin is credited with coining many of the English – ‘common’ – names of plants used today (Patricia Fara, 2026). This is perhaps a little ironic since he spent many years translating the works of Linnaeus (Penny Sarchet) (notable botanical binomial nomenclaturist, who gave us unique, unambiguous scientific names of many plants (and other organisms) so we should no longer be confused by uncertainties of identification occasioned by use of common names) from Latin into English…]
And we couldn’t conclude this section without mention of what is surely the ultimate plants-in-poetry combination, this work by American poet Berton Braley. Simply entitled Botany (Kristina Bauer) it deserves to be included here in its entirety:
Botany
“There should be no monotony
In studying your botany;
It helps to train
And spur the brain–
Unless you haven’t gotany.
It teaches you, does Botany,
To know the plants and spotany,
And learn just why
They live or die–
In case you plant or potany.
You learn, from reading Botany,
Of wooly plants and cottony
That grow on earth,
And what they’re worth,
And why some spots have notany.
You sketch the plants in Botany,
You learn to chart and plotany
Like corn or oats–
You jot down notes,
If you know how to jotany.
Your time, if you’ll allotany,
Will teach you how and what any
Old plant or tree
Can do or be–
And that’s the use of Botany!”
[Ed. – for more ‘Poetry of Botanical Foolishness’, see Sarah Gage, and the fabulously quirky Atlas of Poetic Botany by Francis Hallé with Éliane Patriarca]
Art
Plants have made a big name for themselves in art. Not least because paintings such as van Gogh’s ‘Sunflowers’ and ‘Irises’ have sold for enormous sums of money – US$39.9 million (Francis X Clines, 1987), US$53.9 million (Michael Kimmelman, 1990), respectively.
Occasionally forming the main focus of the artwork, more often plants are part of the background, helping to embellish the subject, imbuing it with additional meaning and significance. For most of us those meanings are probably long-lost and it is only with experts to guide us that we can begin to appreciate the oft-hidden symbolism that exists and discern the subtle meanings of the artist; e.g., the plant symbolism in the famous ‘Unicorn Tapestries’ analysed by Eleanor C Marquand (1938); Edward J Alexander & Carol H Woodward (1941); and Jules Janick and Anna Whipkey (2014).
Whilst van Gogh’s flower studies have something of the abstract about them, others have attempted much more realistic portrayals. And here we must make mention of Marianne North (Ellen McHale, 2020; Maria Popova) – “English naturalist and flower-painter” – who has a whole gallery devoted to her naturalistic paintings at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. And outgoing this Victorian gentlewoman certainly was. For example, “Between 1871 and 1885, intrepid traveller Marianne North visited 16 countries [America, Canada, Jamaica, Brazil, Tenerife, Japan, Singapore, Sarawak, Java, Sri Lanka, India, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, the Seychelles and Chile] across five continents and created over 800 artworks” (quoted from here).
Her 833 paintings depict over 900 species of plants from such groups as orchids, grasses, cacti, and trees (Mark Koslow); the scientific accuracy of those depictions gives her work – executed at a time when and in places where scientific photography was not widespread – a permanent value. As testament to – and suitable reward for – her keen eye for recording detail, she has several plants named after her including the pitcher plant Nepenthes northiana, which she first depicted in one of her paintings in Sarawak (Howard Oakley, 2021), and Chassalia northiana (Martin Cheek & Ian Turner, 2021; Gemma Tarlach, 2022).
And in the context of scientific accuracy mention must be made of Albrecht Dürer, late 15th/early 16th Century German painter, draughtsman and engraver (Sidney Colvin, 1911), and his 1503 watercolour known as “The Large Turf” (Tom Lubbock, 2008). This depiction stands out not only as an exquisite painting, but also as a veritable ecosystem in miniature with its primary producers presented in a life-like “state of natural disarray, confused, interleaved, entangled” (Lubbock, 2008).
Art isn’t confined to objects for display, it can also be found within the pages of books. Without encroaching too much on the next section, a book worth mentioning in this regard is The beauty of the flower: The art and science of botanical illustration by Stephen A Harris. Why? Because, “The Beauty of the Flower shows us how scientific botanical illustrations are collaborations among artists, scientists and publishers. It explores the evolution and interchanges of these illustrations since the mid-fifteenth century, the ways in which they have been used to communicate scientific ideas about plants and how views of botanical imagery change“ (quoted from here).
Straddling the worlds of literature (well, plants in words, anyway…) and art, we have the objects known as illustrated herbals (Madeleine Muzdakis, 2021; Maura Flannery, 2024). These botanical books feature plenty of illustrations of plants with details of their medicinal use (if not always proven medicinal value…).
One of the famous examples of this genre is De materia medica (Maria Christodoulou; Tess Anne Osbaldeston) by Pedanius Dioscorides. Originally produced between 50 and 70 CE, this five-volume work was the ‘go-to‘ source for plant-based medical information for hundreds of years (JS Hamilton, 2023), and many versions of the ‘book’ were produced. Using those various iterations of the manuscript, the fascinating story and “history of botanical illustration in the Mediterranean from antiquity to the early modern period” is told in Botanical icons: Critical practices of illustration in the premodern Mediterranean by Andrew Griebeler.
And, for good measure, a book of plant illustrations, The Botanical Treasury by Christopher Mills, celebrates “40 of the World’s Most Fascinating Plants through Historical Art and Manuscripts”.
Literature
Generally less abstract than many plant depictions in art and usually much more obvious-what-is-meant is the written word and the world of literature. Fortunately, a lot of the necessary work for this category has already been done – courtesy of the ‘Botany and botanists in literature’ series in BSBI News (the newsletter of the Botanical Society of Britain and Ireland). Initiated by Jack Smith in 1996, it ran for many years and contains many literary references to botany and botanists, some of which are very erudite and educational – e.g., Margot Souchier (2009)’s 6 page contribution concerning HG Wells’ tale “A slip under the microscope”, which features a Professor of Botany. To read more, past issues of BSBI News are archived at the BSBI site.
Plants – or plant allies – feature prominently in the science fiction stories The day of the triffids, and ‘The trouble with lichen’ (Nicholas Lezard, 2008), both by John Wyndham. One plant-based classic, but which is not about plants (spoiler alert: it’s about the French Revolution), is Baroness Orczy’s The scarlet pimpernel. The plant connection is that the book’s title is that it is the English common name for Anagallis arvensis.
Finally, no account of literature would be complete without mention of William Shakespeare, whose works are suffused with plant mentions and much plant lore, and whose “botanical sophistication is at a level near that of the herbalists of the time” (Edward Tabor, 1970). Read more about the Bard and botany in Mr Guilfoyle’s Shakespearian Botany, edited by Diana E Hill and Edmée Cudmore.
And for a most erudite and scholarly collection examining plants in literature, see The Cambridge handbook of literature and plants, edited by Bonnie Lander Johnson.
Finally, and for a different – but definitely literary – take on plants (and gardening), see Gardening can be murder: How poisonous poppies, sinister shovels, and grim gardens have inspired mystery writers by Marta McDowell.
For a list of 28 books that feature ‘botany in fiction’, see here. If you’d like even more titles to consider, have a look at the Guide to the literature of botany. Being a classified selection of botanical works, including nearly 6000 titles not given in Pritzel’s ‘Thesaurus’ by Benjamin Daydon Jackson published in 1880. [Ed. – items are listed in chronological order of publication within each of the 124 categories]. Although the majority of titles listed are ‘proper’ botany texts, the section on ‘EMBLEMATIC WORKS’ lists books categorised as: § 67 Poems [Yes, Erasmus Darwin’ Loves of plants does feature here]; § 68 Calendars; § 69 Mythology; and § 70 and Emblems – which headings are more in keeping with the subject of this part of the review.
Celebrity plants
Whilst it’s considered terribly bad form for those who discover a new species to name it after themselves, there is a long tradition of using the scientific name to honour – or otherwise ‘acknowledge’ – others; and for centuries plants have been named for people. Sometimes, personal animosities have been perpetuated in such names. One of the most celebrated concerns Linnaeus and his spat with fellow botanist Johann Siegesbeck who considered Linnaeus’ sexual system of plant classification to be “loathsome harlotry” [Ed. – and when one considers that Linnaeus used descriptions such as “Twenty husbands and more in the same bed with one woman” for his floral category ‘polyandria’, it’s not too surprising that it wasn’t ‘to everyone’s taste’ – and Linnaeus has been called a “botanical pornographer” (Marta Paterlini, 2007)…] No doubt smarting somewhat from that slight, Linnaeus subsequently got his revenge when he named “a small, unpleasantly sticky and rather unattractive weed” (Stephen B Heard) Siegesbeckia. [Ed. – the moral of which story must surely be that one should never annoy somebody whose job is giving names to things. It’s probably also fair to say that whoever told us to ‘say it with flowers’ didn’t have this use in mind…]
Modern-day ‘celebrities’ (“someone who is famous, especially in areas of entertainment such as films, music, writing, or sport”) and notable personalities often find themselves immortalised in the names of plants. For example, prize-winning British actress Dame Helen Mirren has a variety of pitcher plant variety named in her honour – Nepenthes Helen. Whereas veteran TV naturalist Sir David Attenborough trumps that taxonomically because he has a whole species named after him – Nepenthes attenboroughii. [Ed. – notably, Sir David “has over 40 animals and plant species named after him, and a constellation”, the latter confirming his stellar reputation]
Former American President Barack Obama has a lichen named after him, Caloplaca obamae [Ed. – with at least another 13 animals named after him, “Barack Obama has been commemorated in the scientific names of at least 14 species, the most of any U.S. president”]. Whilst a species honouring a person is always impressive, “American singer, songwriter, and actress” Lady Gaga (Michael Levy) has a whole genus of ferns (Fig. 8) named in her honour (Fay-Wei Li et al., 2012) [Ed. – for more background to this – and lots of pictures – see here].
Anybody it seems can be so immortalised; take for instance Opuntia chaffeyi. However, flattering as this would be, I suspect that specific epithet is more likely to be connected with Ellswood Chaffey, a noted plant collector, rather than the – much less-notable – author of this review.
Conclusion
This section has given us some insight into the role played by plants in the more cultural aspects of humanity in looking at poetry, art, literature, and the cult of the celebrity in the names of plants.
#Adonis #art #BarackObama #BertonBraley #botany #botanyInPoetry #celebrity #daffodil #DavidAttenborough #EllswoodChaffey #ErasmusDarwin #HelenMirren #hyacinth #LadyGaga #Linnaeus #literature #MarianneNorth #Metamorphoses #Ovid #plantScience #plantsInArt #plantsInLiterature #poetry #scienceCommunication #sexualSystemOfPlantClassification #Siegesbeckia #taxonomy #TheLovesOfPlants #VincentVanGogh #WilliamWordsworth -
The 1st Adam in the Hebrew Scriptures #5 Temptation, assault and curse
After the choice Adam and Eve made to go against the Will of God, eating of the fruit of the Tree of knowledge of good and evil, God came to deal with three parties in the fall of mankind: Adam, Eve and the serpent. An alleged fourth – the devil – is not mentioned in Genesis narrative. This for the simple reason the symbolic tempter (satan), the serpent, or the evil thoughts in Eve’s mind are the evil itself.
Book of Genesis, Fall of Man. (Photo credit: Wikipedia)The most common presentation of Adam and Eve does not reflect clearly enough their theological significance, at least as seen in the New Testament. Too many people forget where the trouble started and do not come to see the essence of our suffering today being the cause of man its own choice. Eve decided herself, by her own choice to go against the wishes of God. She herself wanted to be like God. The apostle Paul, being a Jewish scholar knew very well the problem of evil and suffering. For him it was also clear what choice Adam and Eve had made and why.
For Paul the wrath on mankind was caused by the anger of God (Romans 5:9) It does not have to mean we are enemies of God, but Eve her action showed God how man doubted His position. For the opposing attitude of Eve God reckoned against the sinner. In the story of Adam and Eve in the Book of Genesis, we hear God giving a first commandment: not eating of the fruit of the tree of conscience (the Tree of knowledge of good and evil). He is aware that they could see death reigning in the world form Adam’s time to the time of Moses (Knox).
Romans 5: 14 1But death reigned from Adam to Moses, even over 2them also that sinned not after the like 3manner of the transgression of Adam, 4which was the figure of him that was to come.
In his letter to the Romans we get to hear that Adam foreshadows another person who had to come. The first Adam or the first man, corresponds in some degree to the man who was to come, and whose birth 2020 years ago we remember this year. That man being born was a gift to mankind, from God, which more powerfully affected mankind.
Romans 5: 15 1But yet the gift is not so as is the offense: for if through the offense of 2that one, many be dead, much more the grace of God, and the gift by grace, which is by one man Jesus Christ, hath abounded unto many.
Adam and Eve committed an offence on which God had to react. He could directly destroy them and start all over again by creating some new living beings in his likeness which would keep to His commandment. Moreover, the boon of God exceeds the fruit of Adam and Eve’s sin. On that contrast between the gift and the results of that one sin, we shall come back in later chapters.
By their act, going against God’s Will, and by wanting to be like God, their Maker gave them the opportunity to show how much they themselves could make of it all. God’s right to govern was doubted, so know they could come to govern themselves and could come to make something of the world. Because all the children of Adam and Eve came after their choice of adversary they all fell under the spell or curse God came to bring over them. Adam and Eve after eating of the Tree of knowledge came to know the difference between good and evil and became weaker than before, because they now had knowledge. We can not escape the relationship from the first human beings. For just because of their relation to Adam and Eve all men fall under the spell of God and have to bear the consequences of that rebellion of the first carnal man. Being the descendants of Adam and Eve we all became members of a sinful race and we all shall have to face death.
1 Corinthians 15: 21 1For since by man came death, by man came also the resurrection of the dead.
22 For as in Adam all die, even so in Christ shall all be 1made alive.In the letter to the Corinthians we are also told there is a solution. In those Greek Writings we find another confirmation of the same consequent: for Christ is to be considered as opposite to Adam, that as from one man Adam, sin came over all, so from one man Christ, life comes unto all: that is to say, that all the faithful, as they die, because by nature they were born of Adam, so because in Christ they are made the children of God by grace, they are quickened and restored to life by him. {annotation of the 1599 Geneva Patriot’s Edition}
The way the apostle Paul looks at the 1° and the 2° Adam places the Adam-story within a royal context, because the essence of the matter were Adam and Eve impeaching the Divine Creator. Them to query God His Most High position, is the biggest issue. This way a battle over kingship and its relation to the universe was initiated. The position of the one sent from God as a solution is too often missed by the majority of people, even by those who call themselves Christian.
In the Garden of Eden sin entered in the world of man. In a royal garden or orchard Jeshua (Jesus Christ) accepted the fact he must follow not his will but the Will of the Most High God, and should go to the stake. (Matthew 26:36-46)
In the Holy Scriptures a garden is used to express joy, peace and satisfaction.
Adam and Eve by Peter Paul Rubens (Photo credit: Wikipedia)Jeremiah 31: 12 Therefore they shall come, and rejoice in the height of Zion, and shall run to the bountifulness
of the Lord, even for the 1wheat and for the wine, and for the oil, and for the increase of sheep and bullocks: and their soul shall be as a watered garden, and they shall have no more sorrow.Adam and Eve had no sorrow in the Garden of Eden. They had everything they needed. But God did wanted to teach them a lesson and did not want them in His Garden any more. Since Adam listened to his wife and ate from the tree whose fruit Jehovah God commanded him not to eat, the ground is cursed because of him. So his deed became the cause of the earth coming in problems by man. It is often by the wrong actions of men that something bad happens in the world, for example mudslides because men took away all the trees.
All our life now we will have to struggle to scratch a living from it. God told man that it will grow thorns and thistles for us, though man will eat of its grains. This time not for nothing any more, like it was in the Royal Garden. From then onwards man had to make his own garden and work with his own hands for it. By the sweat of our brow, will we have food to eat until we die, i.e. return to the ground from which man were made. Because we shall have to be reminded that we were made from dust, and to dust we will return.
But woman certainly could not escape. For him and her there was first no pain, but knowing now good and bad they also came to know pain and sorrow. The pain of woman’s pregnancy was going to be sharpened, and in pain she will give birth. She still was going to be able to give children, but concerning having control over things it would be more difficult. God warned her that though she still will desire to control her husband, it will be him who is going to rule over her.Genesis 3: 16 Unto the woman he said, I will greatly increase thy 1sorrows, and thy conceptions. In sorrow shalt thou bring forth children, and thy desire shall be subject to thine husband, and he shall rule over thee.
17 Also to Adam he said, Because thou hast obeyed the voice of thy wife, and hast eaten of the tree, (whereof I commanded thee, saying, Thou shalt not eat of it) cursed is the earth for thy sake: in sorrow shalt thou eat of it all the days of thy life.
18 Thorns also and thistles shall it bring forth to thee, and thou shalt eat the herb of the field.
19 In the sweat of thy face shalt thou eat bread till thou return to the earth: for out of it wast thou taken, because thou art dust, and to dust shalt thou return.
20 (And the man called his wife’s name Eve, because she was the mother of all living)
21 Unto Adam also and to his wife did the Lord God 1make coats of skins, and clothed them.
22 And the Lord God said, 1Behold, the man is become as one of us, to know good and evil. And now lest he put forth his hand, and 2take also of the tree of life, and eat, and live forever,23 Therefore the Lord God sent him forth from the garden of Eden, to till the earth, whence he was taken.
24 Thus he cast out the man, and at the East side of the garden of Eden he set the Cherubims, and the blade of a sword shaken, to keep the way of the tree of life.Adam, Eve, but also we should see that the transgression of God’s commandment was the cause that both mankind and all other creatures were subject to the curse God spoke in that Kingdom of God, the Garden of Eden. Adam and Eve, fell from the estate of integrity in which God had created them and now had to build their own kingdom (a kingdom of man) in their own world.
Temptation was the occasion; it was not the cause. To be subjected to temptation is not sinful for the tempted. Embrace and acquiescence constitute sin, i.e. going in against the Will of God.
Eve succumbed to the ideas in her head. Her heart wanted to have so much as God. She herself made the choice to take the fruit and to eat it. She came to the point of overt disobedience to the divine prohibition. Adam trusted his partner and with her in the adventure, hoping also to get the knowledge of good and evil and wanting to become wise (Genesis 3:6 ASV)The tempter had gained the trust of the first human beings. Eve had accepted as true what was a blasphemous assault upon the veracity of Good and came to regard the tree as desirable in the direction that contravened the divine prohibition. Eve served herself as carnal creature rather than the Divine Creator.
The mannin her failure to recoil with revulsion from the temptation and the idea that she would not die (Genesis 3:4) is evidence that defection had already taken place and that she exemplified the invariable psychology of sin that overt action proceeds from the inward disposition of heart.
Proverbs 23: 7 For as though he thought it in his heart: so will he say unto thee, Eat and drink: but his heart is not
with thee.Man loves to give the fault of their wrong doing to others or say it is not from them. But In the Messianic Scriptures the sent one from God clearly warns man that there is nothing outside man. Summoning the multitude rabbi Jeshua (Jesus Christ) addressed the crowd close to him and told them that we should worry about what comes out of man. It is that what is inside and comes outside that pollutes or defiles man. It is from inside, out of man’s heart that come evil thoughts and actions, like self-seeking, pride, jealousy or envying, slander, malice, double-dealing, lying, deceiving, misleading, betraying, sexual vice, adultery, fornication, theft or stealing, wickedness, murder, all things that make a person unclean.
Mark 7: 21 For from within, even out of the heart of men, proceed evil thoughts, adulteries, fornications, murders,
22 Thefts, covetousness, wickedness, deceit, uncleanness, a wicked eye, backbiting, pride, foolishness.
23 All these evil things come from within, and defile a man.We may not be mistaken, it is all from within ourselves. The satan or adversary comes from our inner thoughts which we allow to go wrong and where we give in. We can choose not to follow certain ideas, but when we chose to follow the wrong path then we sin. There may be manyfold temptation but it is how we react on them.Whenever you find yourself surrounded by various temptations do know that it all depends on your choice and on your faith which shall demand action (works of faith), leading to steadfastness, developing endurance. But to withstand such temptation man shall need now the courage to choose the right path and let patience finish its work that you may become fully developed and perfectly equipped, lacking in nothing or in no respect deficient. So when you are drawn away, enticed and baited by your own evil desire, like Eve was, let yourself not be beguiled and allured by your own evil desire and enticed by a bait. Remember that when passion or desire conceives and gives birth to sin, than when the bad act or sin runs its course and get fully matured it shall give birth to death. We may not be mislead and make no mistake about this.
James 1: 14 But every man is tempted, when he is drawn away by his own concupiscence, and is enticed.
15 Then when lust hath conceived, it bringeth forth 1sin, and sin when it is finished, bringeth forth death.
16 1Err not my dear brethren.+
* Bible quotes from 1599 Geneva Patriot’s Edition
Preceding articles
The 1st Adam in the Hebrew Scriptures #1 Beginning of everything
The 1st Adam in the Hebrew Scriptures #2 Beginning of mankind
The 1st Adam in the Hebrew Scriptures #3 With his partner
The 1st Adam in the Hebrew Scriptures #4 The Fall
Jesus begotten Son of God #10 Coming down spirit or flesh seed of Eve
Sayings of Jesus, what to believe and being or not of the devil
Not about personal salvation but about a bigger Plan
A book of life and a man born more than two thousand years ago
When having found faith through the study of the Bible we do need to do works of faith
Next: The 1st Adam in the Hebrew Scriptures #6 Curse and solution
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Additional reading
- Looking for a primary cause and a goal that can not offer philosophers existing beliefs
- A multifold of elements in creation and a bad choice made
- First mention of a solution against death 1 To divine, serpent, opposition, satan and adversary
- First mention of a solution against death 2 Harm or no harm and naked truth
- First mention of a solution against death 3 Tempter Satan and man’s problems
- First mention of a solution against death 4 A seed for mankind
- First mention of a solution against death 5 Evil its law of death
- Necessity of a revelation of creation 1 Works of God and works of man
- A promise given in the Garden of Eden
- Set free from any form of mental torment or self-condemnation
- No curtain placed over tomorrow
- Around pre-existence of Christ
- Satan the evil within
- Additional comments to the 3rd Letter to the Romans
- Luther’s misunderstanding
- Solution for Willing hearts filled with gifts
- Redemption #2 Biblical solution
- When having found faith through the study of the Bible we do need to do works of faith
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Further reading of interest
- Images of God 1: Big and Close
- Genesis 3
- Day 7: Adam and Eve’s Relationship
- Creation and The Fall – A Dramatic Reading
- Did He Really Say That?
- What Happened in the Garden… Doesn’t Stay in the Garden
- There’s a Serpent in Your Bible.
- When Everything Went to Smash
- What Satan Offered Adam And Eve…
- Me-Centered More
- Adam and Eve and Us: Part Two
- Eve as a symbol for the Church
- Where is your Garden of Eden?
- Puzzling over Genesis and the Fall
- Wednesday-(Created & Fallen) Devotion
- The Existence Of The Snake
- Friday-(Created & Fallen) Devotion
- Recap: What Every Christian Should Know About Genesis 1-4
- Gospel Theology (Pt. 3) – Original Sin
- Adversary. Accuser. (Zechariah 3:1)
- Occasions of sin
- Watching Ourselves
- The Life of a 21st Century Prophet: Introspection
- Scripture for Thursday, October 13 (10/13)
- Temptation, Treadmills & Grace
- Temptations
- I Have a Confession To Make…
- Hell
- Believing Is Not Seeing
- 1 Corinthians 9-16: I Struggle With These Chapters
- Why Did God Flood The Earth If He Later Allowed The Same Thing To Happen Again?
- A Deceitful Trick that Leads to Less
- JES31 – He Comes Loking For Us
- living in a messy world
- The Apple of Discord — Thomas Hart Benton
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Related articles
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- Our Father’s House
- The Atonement of God by J.D. Myers
- Is Tim Kaine right about Genesis endorsing homosexual acts?
- Faith or Fear
- Questioning God
- Tim Kaine’s butchering of Genesis to justify the LGBT agenda is . . . quite something
- 10/3/16 OT
- VBS asks members ‘where are you?’
- Faith online
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L’infolettre du 15 septembre 2025 : Vingegaard gagne une Vuelta tronquée, les Mondiaux de chrono…
Vingegaard, vainqueur défensif d’une Vuelta par défaut
Pas de podium, pas de cérémonie protocolaire, pas d’arrivée, pas de cava, pas d’hymne, pas de félicitations… Le Tour d’Espagne s’est terminé en eau de boudin. Comme ce fut le cas quasi quotidiennement depuis l’arrivée du peloton dans la péninsule ibérique, des manifestants pro-palestiniens ont bouleversé le cours d’un Grand Tour amputé d’une bonne partie de ses juges de paix. Deux étapes annulées, un contre-la-montre réduit, une montée finale évitée : cela n’aurait peut-être pas bouleverser le classement général établi avant l’arrivée du peloton à Madrid, mais ces modifications de parcours ont donné une autre valeur à cette Vuelta, celle d’une course par défaut, au spectacle toujours sur le fil. Difficile de profiter d’un tel divertissement sportif quand les protestataires viennent rappeler la réalité du monde et du poids politique que peut avoir le cyclisme, ou du moins ceux qui financent ce sport. Protestataires eux-mêmes soutenus par le Premier ministre et le ministre des Affaires étrangères espagnols, pendant que la présidente de la Communauté de Madrid venait, elle, soutenir l’équipe Israel Premier Tech, devenue IPT le temps de conclure la saison.
Alors, tout le monde est rentré dans les voitures, à plus de 50 kilomètres de l’arrivée finale de ce Tour d’Espagne. Avant même de sortir du parc du Retiro, au centre de la capitale. Pas de passage par les bus non plus, l’organisation a voulu éviter tout contact rapproché entre les manifestants, éparpillés aux quatre coins de la ville, et les coureurs qui ne cherchent qu’à faire leur métier. On a pourtant eu peur, la veille, en voyant des manifestants débouler sur la route pour bloquer les hommes de tête et le reste de la caravane alors qu’ils déboulaient à plus de 50 km/h sur une route en légère descente. Heureusement, aucun cycliste n’a été blessé dans l’aventure, après quelques évitements de dernière minute. Mais cela en disait déjà long sur les tensions autour de cette Vuelta. La course a finalement pu aller quasiment à son terme. Dommage pour les sprinters qui espéraient une dernière joute à Madrid, mais continuer dans de telles conditions aurait tout simplement mis en danger tout le monde.
On en a déjà souvent parlé dans cette infolettre : ces manifestations existent parce que la Vuelta est un événement international bénéficiant d’une médiatisation d’envergure ; parce que le propriétaire de l’équipe Israel Premier Tech a clairement affiché son soutien à l’État d’Israël dans un conflit à Gaza, officiellement contre le mouvement islamiste palestinien Hamas, qui a déjà mené à la famine et à la mort de plus de 60.000 personnes en deux ans ; parce que l’Union Cycliste Internationale s’est toujours tue à ce sujet malgré ses positions sur la guerre en Ukraine ces dernières années. L’organisation de la Vuelta a tenté de poursuivre sa course, logiquement, tant que possible, mais les manifestants ont aussi vu que plus la protestation créait la surprise, plus elle entraînait de médiatisation. C’est toutefois un danger pour le futur du cyclisme : et si d’autres mouvements décidaient que ces courses pouvaient représenter une plateforme pour s’exprimer en bloquant les routes et le peloton ? Cela crée un dangereux précédent qu’aucune autorité cycliste n’est parvenue à contenir jusqu’ici. Au grand dam des coureurs, qui ont essayé de faire la course comme ils le pouvaient.
C’est ainsi que le Danois Jonas Vingegaard (Team Visma | Lease a Bike) a conclu sa Vuelta en serrant les mains de ses équipiers et de sa direction sportive. L’ancien vainqueur du Tour de France avait, la veille, réussi à conforter son maillot rouge grâce à une nouvelle victoire d’étape au sommet du pentu Bola del Mundo, dernier sommet de ce Tour d’Espagne particulier. Le Danois est apparu très défensif, préférant se laisser porter par ses équipiers le plus longtemps possible en montagne. Vingegaard a avoué un coup de moins bien en deuxième semaine, alors que certains dans le peloton évoquaient un virus dans le peloton. La fatigue de son Tour de France incisif face à Tadej Pogacar a également pu peser sur ce deuxième Grand Tour disputé en deux mois. Mais il a assuré la victoire dès que nécessaire, dès la première arrivée au sommet à Limone Piemonte, puis à Bola del Mundo, sans jamais lâcher la roue de João Almeida (UAE Team Emirates XRG), habitué des places d’honneur.
Photo : ASO/ASO/Unipublic/Cxcling/Antonio BaixauliLe duel entre les deux hommes a pourtant été l’un des plus intéressants de ces dernières années sur les Grands Tours. Avec 44 secondes entre les deux premiers avant la dernière étape de montagne, on pouvait espérer un feu d’artifice sur l’ultime sommet de l’épreuve. Mais UAE Team Emirates XRG n’a jamais semblé capable de perturber le collectif défensif des “abeilles”. Car elle sait tout simplement trop disperser durant ces trois dernières semaines, en tout cas pour espérer prendre le maillot rouge. Car la formation émiratie a réalisé une Vuelta exceptionnelle avec sept victoires d’étape (dont deux pour Jay Vine et Juan Ayuso), le classement de la montagne via Jay Vine, le classement par équipes et la deuxième place finale d’Almeida. Mais le groupe a également paru incapable de délivrer une prestation collective pour aider le même Almeida à conquérir ce Tour d’Espagne. Outre la dispute par médias interposés entre Juan Ayuso et sa direction sportive, Almeida n’a quasiment pu compter que sur Grossschartner et Vine dans les huit dernières étapes, pendant que Soler et Ayuso faisaient leur course pour aller conquérir des étapes. Ce n’est que vers le Bola del Mundo qu’UAE Team Emirates XRG a enfin tenté de se mettre à la planche pour son leader portugais, mais la tactique était trop simple : mener le train et espérer qu’Almeida attaque dans le final. Sauf que le N.2 de cette Vuelta n’est pas connu pour son explosivité et qu’il n’a jamais semblé en mesure de bousculer Vingegaard sur cette étape. Il y avait pourtant des ouvertures bien avant, notamment sur l’Angliru ou la Farrapona, mais il manquait d’un ou l’autre équipier et d’une tactique plus audacieuse et offensive. Car tout le monde n’est pas Tadej Pogacar et ne peut pas accélérer en puissance à chaque changement de rythme… Mais l’image du Portugais tombant dans les bras de Vingegaard en dit long sur son état d’esprit : une deuxième place, ce n’est pas si mal…
Photo : ASO/Unipublic/Rafa Gómez/Sprint Cycling AgencyLe podium est complété par un impressionnant Tom Pidcock (Q36.5 Pro Cycling Team), qui a prouvé au bout de son sixième Grand Tour qu’il est bien capable de viser la victoire sur trois semaines. Le vététiste a pris le risque d’éviter les Mondiaux de Crans-Montana pour espérer un résultat de prestige en Espagne, et il n’a pas manqué son objectif, malgré une dernière étape exigeante vers Bola del Mundo. Offensif dès qu’il le fallait (notamment à Bilbao, sur un tracé parfait pour ses qualités explosives), défensif au bon moment (dans les longs cols de cette Vuelta), Pidcock a tout simplement appris comment gérer un classement général, sans s’exténuer sur des objectifs secondaires, comme une victoire d’étape. Cela ne veut pas dire qu’il deviendra forcément un coureur de Grand Tour à l’avenir, mais il grandit et se fait une place de renom sur la route après avoir déjà dominé le VTT et le cyclo-cross.
Côté belge, Jasper Philipsen (Alpecin-Deceuninck) a poursuivi sa moisson qu’il aurait certainement continué sur le Tour de France sans sa chute sur la troisième étape. Avec trois victoires d’étape, dont une dernière en troisième semaine, il s’est affirmé comme le plus rapide sur les Grands Tours cette saison. Junior Lecerf (Soudal Quick-Step) s’est pour sa part distingué par ses belles performances dans les grands cols de cette Vuelta. Une échappée bien gérée sur la 15e étape lui a même permis d’accrocher le Top 10, avant de finalement se faire déborder. Mais sa 11e place confirme à 22 ans son potentiel pour les Grands Tours, un mois après son succès sur le Tour de République tchèque. Il manque encore d’expérience sur les montées explosives, mais sans équipe à son service, le jeune coureur peut déjà se targuer d’une sacrée expérience.
Photo : Instagram/Team Visma | Lease a BikeAvant de dire “hasta la proxima”, les acteurs de ce Tour d’Espagne d’un autre genre ont au moins eu une dernière occasion de célébrer ces trois semaines, non pas à Madrid, mais… sur le parking de l’hôtel des Visma | Lease a Bike, à l’occasion d’une cérémonie improvisée par les équipes, avec des frigo-box et du cava. La solidarité affichée par le peloton contrastait avec le tumulte du monde. Une parenthèse de bonheur et de fête pour au moins conclure trois semaines étranges, durant lesquelles on a parfois douté d’une course allant à son terme. Cette dernière image renvoie celle de cyclistes qui sont au moins heureux de faire le métier qu’ils font. Devrions-nous célébrer avec eux ? Peut-être pas. Mais le peloton a au moins le droit d’un peu profiter, avant une prochaine discussion politique.
Grégory Ienco
Voir cette publication sur InstagramUne publication partagée par Team Visma | Lease a Bike (@teamvisma_leaseabike)
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Mondiaux sur route à Kigali : la présentation des contre-la-montre
Parcours
Les organisateurs de ces premiers championnats du monde sur territoire africain n’ont pas fait dans la demi-mesure pour le parcours des contre-la-montre individuels et du relais mixte. Comme sur les courses en ligne, le profil montagneux de la capitale rwandaise sera clairement dessiné sur le tracé, laissant place à un dénivelé particulièrement élevé pour des épreuves habituellement prévues pour des coureurs puissants. Cette fois, il faudra afficher des qualités plus complètes pour croire en un succès sur les hauteurs de Kigali.
Le chrono destiné aux élites hommes proposera ainsi la côte de Nyanza (2,5 km à 5,8% de moyenne) comme apéritif au bout d’une dizaine de kilomètres, avant de descendre puis de remonter la même route dans l’autre sens, pour une nouvelle ascension de 4,1 km à 3,1%, donc bien moins pentue mais plus irrégulière, après la mi-course. Suivront encore la côte de Péage (2 km à 6%) et la côte de Kimihurura (1,3 km à 6,3% sur des pavés) pour conclure les huit derniers kilomètres d’un chrono qui se terminera sur une dernière rampe à 5% après 41 km. Rien de bien compliqué pour les rouleurs-grimpeurs qui s’annoncent au départ, mais ce profil donne certainement plus de chances à des coureurs habitués des pourcentages que ceux qui jouent le tout sur la puissance générée sur près de 45 minutes d’efforts.
Les élites femmes devront parcourir 10 km de moins, avec la côte du Péage supprimée du tracé, mais toujours les trois autres ascensions au programme. Il en sera de même pour les espoirs hommes. Les juniors hommes et les espoirs femmes parcourront 22,6 km avec un seul passage par la côte de Nyanza (les 2,5 km à près de 6%) avant l’arrivée via la côte de Kimihurura, alors que les juniors femmes ne dépasseront pas 18,3 km et n’auront que la côte de Kimihurura comme juge de paix dans les tout derniers kilomètres.
Favoris
Le duel tant attendu entre le Belge Remco Evenepoel et le Slovène Tadej Pogacar sera bien réalité, après la confirmation du n°1 mondial qu’il participera également au contre-la-montre du premier jour des championnats du monde. Au vu des duels précédents entre les deux hommes, le champion olympique part avec un temps d’avance sur son adversaire qui survole les classiques et les cols. Mais sur un tracé plus vallonné tel que celui présenté à Kigali, “Pogi” peut espérer bousculer Evenepoel, du moins sur les parties en montée et éventuellement les descentes quelque peu techniques. Mais nul doute que le Belge, qui a déjà repris la compétition et levé les bras sur le Tour de Grande-Bretagne début du mois, sera prêt pour ce rendez-vous.
Qui d’autre pourrait détrôner les deux stars de la discipline ? L’Australien Jay Vine, meilleur grimpeur du Tour d’Espagne et à l’aise sur l’effort en solitaire, aura également une occasion de se faire un nom sur un tel circuit, tout comme l’Italien Mattia Cattaneo, habituel équipier d’Evenepoel le reste de la saison, et leader en l’absence de Filippo Ganna. Difficile de trouver d’autres outsiders à la hauteur des deux grands noms du peloton : le Suisse Stefan Küng semble trop juste pour ce type de profil, tout comme l’Américain Magnus Sheffield ou l’Allemand Maximilian Schachmann.
Le Belge Remco Evenepoel (Soudal Quick-Step), avec le maillot blanc du meilleur jaune, lors du contre-la-montre de la 5e étape du Tour de France, le 9 juillet 2025 – Photo : ASO/Charly LopezCôté féminin, on devrait assister à un combat des cheffes, entre la Néerlandaise Demi Vollering, désireuse de se refaire la cerise après un Tour de France en demi-teinte, et l’Américaine Chloe Dygert, qui a montré cette saison une plus grande polyvalence sur les terrains plus accidentés. La Suissesse Marlen Reusser peut aussi s’intercaler dans le duel, vu ses qualités affichées sur le Giro notamment et sa volonté d’enfin s’offrir un maillot arc-en-ciel. La Néerlandaise Anna van der Breggen, la Française Cédrine Kerbaol ou encore l’Allemande Antonia Niedermaier pourraient aussi croire en un podium sur un tel parcours.
Chez les espoirs, les Belges Jarno Widar et Jonathan Vervenne ont une chance de se faire une place au sommet au vu du parcours, mais attention au Slovaque Matthias Schwarzbacher ou à l’Espagnol Hector Alvarez. Pour la première édition du contre-la-montre individuel à destination des espoirs femmes, l’Espagnole Paula Blasi aura tous les regards fixés sur elle au vu de son éclosion cette saison. La Belge Lore De Schepper fera office d’outsider.
Parmi les juniors, le Belge Steff Van Kerckhove aura un statut de favori, tout comme le Néerlandais Michiel Mouris ou l’Américain Ashlin Barry, du côté masculin, alors que l’Espagnole Paula Ostiz, l’Américaine Liliana Edwards et la Norvégienne Oda Aune Gissingerd seront surveillées dans le groupe féminin.
Les nouvelles des derniers jours
✍ Transferts
- L’Espagnol Raúl García Pierna (Arkéa-B&B Hôtels) s’est engagé dès 2026, pour trois saisons, avec l’équipe Movistar. Le Madrilène de 24 ans, ex-champion d’Espagne du contre-la-montre, a affiché ses qualités complètes sur la dernière saison avec une 6e place sur le Tour de la Provence et une 26e place sur le Tour de France, en équipier-modèle pour Kévin Vauquelin.
- L’équipe espagnole Movistar a également signé pour trois saisons l’Espagnol Roger Adrià, en provenance de la Red Bull-Bora-Hansgrohe. Le puncheur catalan de 27 ans avait notamment remporté le Grand Prix de Wallonie l’an dernier.
- Toujours chez Movistar, le grimpeur espagnol Juan Pedro Lopez (Lidl-Trek) a été recruté pour deux saisons, avec l’ambition de briller sur les courses par étapes qui font la part belle à la montagne. Il attend un premier succès depuis le Tour des Alpes, l’an dernier.
- Deuxième de Paris-Roubaix et sixième du Tour des Flandres cette saison, l’Italienne Letizia Borghesi (EF Education-Oatly) prendra une nouvelle envergure l’an prochain au sein de l’équipe AG Insurance-Soudal. La cycliste de 26 ans a signé pour deux saisons avec la formation belge, avec l’ambition affichée de remporter un monument, plus précisément autour des classiques flandriennes.
- L’ex-championne de Grande-Bretagne Alice Towers (Canyon//SRAM zondacrypto) rejoindra EF Education-Oatly la saison prochaine, pour un contrat dont la durée n’a pas été communqiuée. La coureuse de 22 ans, transformée en équipière sur les courses par étapes et les classiques, espère faire grandir son ambition, notamment sur les Ardennaises.
- La Canadienne Sarah Van Dam (Ceratizit) rejoindra le Team Visma | Lease a Bike dès la saison prochaine pour deux ans. L’ex-pistarde de 23 ans a explosé cette saison avec une cinquième place sur le Tour de Grande-Bretagne et une troisième sur le Tour du Pays basque, après une série de places d’honneur sur des classiques luxembourgeoises et françaises. Son objectif ? Briller sur les classiques ardennaises et les courses par étapes.
- L’équipe FDJ-Suez a poursuivi son recrutement de coureuses d’expérience avec l’arrivée de l’Italienne Sofia Bertizzolo (UAE Team ADQ). La cycliste de 28 ans a signé dès 2026 pour un contrat dont la durée n’a pas été précisée. Rapide et explosive, Bertizzolo est aussi connue pour son travail d’équipière de luxe sur les classiques et courses par étapes.
- La Serbe Jelena Eric quittera cet hiver la Movistar pour rejoindre, pour deux saisons, l’équipe Uno-X. La championne de Serbie, âgée de 29 ans, sera une capitaine de route chargée de faire évoluer positivement l’équipe, au côté notamment de son ex-équipière Katrine Aalerud.
- Le champion de France amateur Théo Lévêque passera professionnel la saison prochaine chez TotalEnergies. Le coureur de 21 ans est pour l’heure actif chez Vendée U Pays de la Loire, la formation de développement de Jean-René Bernaudeau, et est déjà stagiaire chez TotalEnergies depuis la fin de l’été. Il a signé pour deux saisons avec sa nouvelle formation.
➡️ Prolongations
- Le routier-pistard Benjamin Thomas a prolongé pour deux ans son contrat avec l’équipe Cofidis. Le Français de 29 ans, champion olympique de l’omnium, attend sur la route un premier succès depuis une étape du Giro en 2024. Il a notamment terminé cette saison 2e du Cholet Agglo Tour et 8e des Quatre Jours de Dunkerque. Quelques jours plus tard, c’est au tour de Bryan Coquard d’annoncer sa signature jusqu’à fin 2027 avec l’équipe nordiste. Le sprinter de 33 ans espère ainsi y poursuivre sa moisson de victoires, lui qui attend son premier succès depuis une étape du Tour Down Under en janvier dernier.
- Le Danois Christopher Juul-Jensen restera deux années supplémentaires dans l’équipe Jayco-AlUla qu’il n’a pas quitté depuis 2016. L’équipier-modèle de 36 ans terminera ainsi probablement sa carrière au sein de la formation australienne d’ici à fin 2027. Juul-Jensen n’a plus connu un succès individuel depuis une étape du Tour de Suisse en 2018.
- La formation suisse Tudor a annoncé la prolongation de deux équipiers pour les deux prochaines saisons : l’Américain Larry Warbasse, aujourd’hui âgé de 35 ans, et l’Allemand Hannes Wilksch, 24 ans. Le premier poursuivra un rôle de capitaine de route, alors que le second espère faire ses débuts sur un Grand Tour.
🏥 Sur la touche
- Terrible nouvelle venue de l’équipe Cofidis ce week-end : le Tubizien Ludovic Robeet (Cofidis) a été victime d’un accident vasculaire cérébral et est hospitalisé depuis lors. Il devait se rendre au Canada pour disputer les GP de Québec et de Montréal. “Les nouvelles de sa santé sont positives et encourageantes”, a simplement confié Thierry Marichal, directeur sportif de l’équipe française à propos de Robeet, 31 ans. La formation a publié une vidéo lui transmettant des souhaits de rétablissement. Le Brabançon venait de signer une prolongation de deux ans avec Cofidis.
Voir cette publication sur InstagramUne publication partagée par Team Cofidis Équipe Cycliste (@teamcofidis)
- Après un début d’année prometteur, marqué par une huitième place sur le Tour de Catalogne, le Belge Lennert Van Eetvelt (Lotto) met finalement un terme définitif à une saison minée par les blessures. Le puncheur de 24 ans a enchaîné les coups de malchance, avec une fracture du métatarse avant le Tour des Flandres, en avril, puis une contusion osseuse au niveau des vertèbres lombaires après une chute sur le championnat de Belgique, fin juin, qui l’avait contraint à l’abandon sur le Tour de France. D’abord annoncé sur la Vuelta, Van Eetvelt avait décidé de postposer son retour à la compétition aux Grands Prix de Québec et de Montréal. Lotto a finalement annoncé qu’il ne courra plus cette saison en raison d’une gêne persistante. Une décision raisonnable pour lui permettre de revenir en 2026 avec l’espoir d’être enfin débarrassée des pépins physiques qui ont eu raison de sa saison 2025.
- La champione du monde Lotte Kopecky (Team SD Worx-Protime) avait parfaitement débuté le Tour de l’Ardèche avec une victoire dès la première étape. Puis une chute sur la troisième étape l’a contrainte à l’abandon. Pire : une fracture d’une vertèbre met fin prématurément à sa saison sur route. Kopecky a déjà annoncé qu’elle allait désormais prendre du repos pour préparer la prochaine saison sur piste, son autre discipline de prédilection.
- Fin de saison en eau de boudin pour le Belge Lander Loockx (Unibet Tietema Rockets) : alors qu’il se remettait d’une fracture de la clavicule subie sur l’Arctic Race of Norway début août, le spécialiste du cyclo-cross a chuté à l’entraînement la semaine dernière et s’est fracturé une vertèbre cervicale. Son absence est prévue pour six semaines, confirmant donc la fin de sa saison sur route. Dès qu’il sera remis, Loockx préparera son retour en cyclo-cross.
- Les saisons se suivent et se ressemblent pour la Néerlandaise Annemarie Worst (29 ans, Fenix-Deceuninck)… Victime d’une chute sur la 4e étape du Simac Ladies Tour, elle a subi une fracture de la clavicule et devra donc patienter quelques semaines avant de reprendre l’entraînement pour préparer son retour en cyclo-cross, où elle performe habituellement parmi les meilleurs Néerlandaises.
❌ Sur le départ
- Au lendemain de son abandon sur le Tour de l’Ardèche, l’Italienne Marta Cavalli (Team Picnic-PostNL) a annoncé la fin de sa carrière avec effet immédiat. La coureuse de 27 ans a connu de nombreuses chutes et n’a jamais pu revenir au niveau qui lui avait permis de remporter en 2022 l’Amstel Gold Race et la Flèche Wallonne coup sur coup. Sa lourde chute sur le Tour de France Femmes, violemment percutée par une autre concurrente, a eu raison de ses ambitions par la suite, malgré des retours encourageants après chaque blessure, avec notamment des succès sur le Tour des Pyrénées et le Tour de l’Ardèche en 2023. “Des années passées à chasser mes rêves et mes objectifs ont coûté cher, et après avoir laissé des litres de sueur, enchaîné les kilomètres et poussé mes limites tant et plus, je me sens fatiguée”, a-t-elle écrit sur Instagram. “Ces dernières années ont été très difficiles, avec constamment des hauts et des bas, et durant longtemps, j’ai chassé une forme qui n’est jamais revenue. Mes jambes ne sont plus aussi fortes que ce que j’aurais aimé qu’elles soient, et ma motivation a été en baisse”, a ajouté celle qui avait changé cette année d’écurie entre FDJ-Suez et Picnic-PostNL. Elle quitte donc le monde cycliste à 27 ans après huit saisons professionnelles, durant lesquelles elle a notamment terminé deuxième du Giro, cinquième de Paris-Roubaix et sixième de Liège-Bastogne-Liège.
- Le Français Adrien Petit (Intermarché-Wanty) prendra sa retraite en fin de saison. Le puissant coureur nordiste de 34 ans a décidé de s’arrêter au bout de 15 saisons professionnelles, marquées par dix succès, mais aussi une sixième place sur Paris-Roubaix, sa course de coeur, sur laquelle il a enchaîné trois Top 10. Il s’était transformé ces dernières saisons en poisson-pilote pour les sprinters d’Intermarché-Wanty.
📅 Programme
- La triple championne du monde de cyclo-cross Fem van Empel (Team Visma | Lease a Bike) revient à ses premiers amours : elle a décidé de ne plus se consacrer à la route pour se concentrer à 100% au cyclo-cross, a-t-elle annoncé par voie de communiqué. “Ma motivation et ma joie sur la route étaient moins fortes que sur le cyclo-cross. Dès que j’ai fait mon choix, cela m’est directement apparu être le bon. Je poursuis pleinement ma décision”, a-t-elle commenté. L’hiver dernier, malgré une saison raccourcie, Van Empel avait remporté onze cyclo-cross, dont un troisième titre européen et un troisième titre mondial. Elle n’a disputé cette saison que trois courses sur route, dont le Strade Bianche (31e) et, dimanche dernier, la Choralis Fourmies (63e).
💉 Dopage
- L’Union Cycliste Internationale (UCI) a annoncé la suspension provisoire de l’Italien Giovanni Carboni (Unibet Tietema Rockets) en raison d’anomalies repérées sur son passeport biologique. Celles-ci datent de 2024, mais l’UCI n’a pas souhaité faire de plus amples commentaires sur ces anomalies. Le trentenaire avait terminé cette saison 5e du Trophée Laigueglia, 7e de la Semaine Coppi et Bartali et 8e du Tour de Turquie.
- La paracycliste polonaise Otylia Marczuk a été suspendue pour quatre ans par l’UCI, cette fois pour un contrôle positif au Stanozolol, un anabolisant, et à l’EPO, lors des Jeux paralympiques de Paris 2024, desquels elle avait été disqualifiée. Elle sera privée de compétition jusqu’au 27 août 2028.
🌈 Sélections
- La Slovénie dévoilera une sélection costaude sur les prochains championnats du monde sur route à Kigali. Le tenant du titre Tadej Pogačar sera le leader naturel pour la course en ligne, mais également pour le contre-la-montre, et sera épaulé par un costaud Primož Roglič, mais aussi Matej Mohorič, Luka Mezgec, Domen Novak, Matevz Govekar, Gal Glivar, Jaka Primozic et Matic Zumer.
- Du côté néerlandais, Thymen Arensman et Bauke Mollema devraient être les leadrs de la course en ligne masculine des Mondiaux, avec à leurs côtés Koen Bouwman, Sam Oomen, Wout Poels et Frank van den Broek. Chez les femmes, la sélection est tout simplement la favorite pour le titre : Demi Vollering sera aux avant-postes, avec Anna van der Breggen et Marianne Vos comme jokers, et Shirin van Anrooij, Yara Kastelijn et Pauliena Rooijakkers comme équipières de luxe.
- L’île Maurice bénéficiera de ses plus grands contingents jamais alignés sur les championnats du monde grâce à Kim Le Court, chez les élites femmes, accompagnée de Lucie De Marigny-Lagesse et Aurélie Halbwachs, alors que du côté masculin, Alexandre Mayer sera présent avec Aurélien De Comarmond.
- La Suisse comptera sur Mauro Schmid et Jan Christen lors de la course masculine des championnats du monde, avec Marc Hirschi, Fabio Christen et Fabian Weiss pour les accompagner. Marlen Reusser et Elise Chabbey seront pour leur part les patronnes de la sélection féminine, au côté de Noemi Rüegg, Steffi Häberlin, Jasmin Liechti, Elena Hartmann et Ginia Caluori.
- Du côté des États-Unis, Chloe Dygert et Ruth Edwards seront présentes à Kigali, alors que la sélection masculine sera menée par Quinn Simmons, avec Will Barta, Luke Lamperti, Magnus Sheffield, Kevin Vermaerke et Larry Warbasse.
📌 Autres
- Carnet rose : l’ex-championne du monde sur route et du contre-la-montre Annemiek van Vleuten a donné naissance la semaine dernière à son premier enfant, Alex, né le 9 septembre. Deux ans après la fin de sa carrière sportive, une belle vie s’annonce à trois pour la Néerlandaise de 42 ans !
Voir cette publication sur InstagramUne publication partagée par Annemiek van Vleuten (@annemiekvanvleuten)
À lire, voir, écouter…
- Les vols de vélos par dizaines se multiplient ces derniers mois dans le monde professionnel. Que ce soit sur des courses, aux hôtels entre les épreuves ou dans les services course des équipes, plusieurs formations ont connu pareille mésaventure cette année, que ce soit Cofidis, TotalEnergies ou même Visma | Lease a Bike. Le Soir et Sudinfo ont enquêté sur ce phénomène et demandé aux équipes ce qu’ils pouvaient mettre en œuvre pour prévenir ces vols ou mieux sécuriser les vélos, dans un sport toujours en mouvement. C’est à lire en cliquant sur ce lien (payant).
- L’équipe Decathlon Ag2r La Mondiale, qui deviendra Decathlon CMA CGM la saison prochaine, a réalisé un grand coup en annonçant l’arrivée du jeune sprinter néerlandais Olav Kooij, mais aussi de quatre équipiers également capables de sprinter. Le journaliste Daniel Benson a écrit un long article sur les coulisses de ces transferts et la manière dont les dirigeants de la formation française ont réussi à convaincre l’un des espoirs les plus rapides du peloton actuel. C’est à lire en cliquant sur ce lien (en anglais, payant).
- Pourquoi les équipes européennes et du WorldTour ne signent plus de coureurs africains ces dernières saisons ? Le journaliste Dan Challis a parlé avec l’ancien professionnel Robbie Hunter, devenu agent, pour évoquer avec lui les raisons de ces difficultés : des problèmes de visa, la difficulté de s’intégrer ou même les problèmes pour s’habituer à des courses plus intenses. C’est à lire en cliquant sur ce lien (en anglais).
Pour profiter des retransmissions télévisées des courses cyclistes depuis l’étranger, n’hésitez pas à utiliser NordVPN, un programme vous permettant de rejoindre des réseaux privés virtuels protégés dans le monde entier. Pour accéder à ces retransmissions télévisées depuis le monde entier, un VPN peut vous aider, tout en vous protégeant. NordVPN vous propose un abonnement de deux ans avec une réduction allant jusqu’à 73%. Chaque nouvel abonné recevra par ailleurs trois mois d’abonnement offerts. Des offres combinées avec NordPass et du stockage cloud sont par ailleurs disponibles ! Tout abonnement à NordVPN est un soutien supplémentaire à CyclismeRevue.
Le coin promo
- Comme chaque année , nous vous proposons un calendrier à télécharger et à installer sur votre téléphone ou votre ordinateur, pour ne rien manquer des différentes courses professionnelles sur route de l’année, que ce soit chez les femmes ou les hommes. Tous les détails pratiques sont sur ce lien.
- Découvrez le programme TV complet des courses cyclistes (route, piste, cyclo-cross, VTT…) diffusées ces prochaines semaines en Belgique et en France sur notre page spéciale, mise à jour quotidiennement : c’est à voir sur ce lien.
Les résultats des derniers jours
Route
- Tour d’Espagne 🇪🇸 (2.UWT)
- 16e étape (09/09) : Egan Bernal 🇨🇴 (INEOS Grenadiers) – étape arrêtée à 8 km de l’arrivée en raison d’une manifestation pro-Palestine dans la montée finale
- 17e étape (10/09) : Giulio Pellizzari 🇮🇹 (Red Bull-Bora-Hansgrohe)
- 18e étape (11/09 – CLM individuel ⏱️) : Filippo Ganna 🇮🇹 (INEOS Grenadiers)
- 19e étape (12/09) : Jasper Philipsen 🇧🇪 (Alpecin-Deceuninck)
- 20e étape (13/09) : Jonas Vingegaard 🇩🇰 (Team Visma | Lease a Bike)
- 21e et dernière étape (14/09) : étape annulée en raison d’une manifestation pro-Palestine
- Classement général : Jonas Vingegaard 🇩🇰 (Team Visma | Lease a Bike)
- Classement par points : Mads Pedersen 🇩🇰 (Lidl-Trek)
- Classement de la montagne : Jay Vine 🇦🇺 (UAE Team Emirates XRG)
- Classement des jeunes : Matthew Riccitello 🇺🇸 (Israel Premier Tech)
- Classement par équipes : UAE Team Emirates XRG
- Grand Prix de Québec 🇨🇦 (1.UWT)
- 12/09 : Julian Alaphilippe 🇫🇷 (Tudor Pro Cycling Team)
- Grand Prix de Montréal 🇨🇦 (1.UWT)
- 14/09 : Brandon McNulty 🇺🇸 (UAE Team Emirates XRG)
- Coppa Sabatini 🇮🇹 (1.Pro)
- 11/09 : Isaac del Toro 🇲🇽 (UAE Team Emirates XRG)
- Grand Prix de Fourmies 🇫🇷 (1.Pro)
- 14/09 : Paul Magnier 🇫🇷 (Soudal Quick-Step)
- La Choralis Fourmies 🇫🇷 (1.Pro)
- 14/09 : Lorena Wiebes 🇳🇱 (Team SD Worx-Protime)
- Grand Prix Stuttgart & Region 🇩🇪 (1.Pro)
- 14/09 : Eleonora Gasparrini 🇮🇹 (UAE Team ADQ)
- Tour de Binzhou 🇨🇳 (1.1)
- 09/09 : Simon Pellaud 🇨🇭 (Li Ning Star)
- Tour de Toscane 🇮🇹 (1.1)
- 10/09 : Isaac del Toro 🇲🇽 (UAE Team Emirates XRG)
- Memorial Marco Pantani 🇮🇹 (1.1)
- 13/09 : Michael Storer 🇦🇺 (Tudor Pro Cycling Team)
- À Travers les Hauts de France 🇫🇷 (1.1)
- 13/09 : Lara Gillepsie 🇮🇪 (UAE Team ADQ)
- Trophée Matteotti 🇮🇹 (1.1)
- 14/09 : Isaac del Toro 🇲🇽 (UAE Team Emirates XRG)
- Tour féminin international de l’Ardèche 🇫🇷 (2.1)
- 1re étape (09/09) : Lotte Kopecky 🇧🇪 (Team SD Worx-Protime)
- 2e étape (10/09) : étape annulée en raison de manifestations hors de la course
- 3e étape (11/09) : Mischa Bredewold 🇳🇱 (Team SD Worx-Protime)
- 4e étape (12/09 – CLM individuel ⏱️) : Mischa Bredewold 🇳🇱 (Team SD Worx-Protime)
- 5e étape (13/09) : Marion Bunel 🇫🇷 (Team Visma | Lease a Bike)
- 6e et dernière étape (14/09) : Monica Trinca Colonel 🇮🇹 (Liv AlUla Jayco)
- Classement général : Monica Trinca Colonel 🇮🇹 (Liv AlUla Jayco)
- Tour de Salalah 🇴🇲 (2.2)
- 3e étape (09/09) : Jeroen Meijers 🇳🇱 (Victoria Sports Pro Cycling)
- 4e et dernière étape (10/09) : Abdulla Jasim Al-Ali 🇦🇪 (UAE)
- Classement général : Adne van Engelen 🇳🇱 (Terengganu Cycling Team)
- Tour du Venezuela 🇻🇪 (2.2)
- 3e étape (09/09) : Leangel Linarez 🇻🇪 (Tavfer-Ovos Matinados-Mortágua)
- 4e étape (10/09) : Camilo Gomez Gomez 🇨🇴 (GW Erco Shimano)
- 5e étape (11/09) : José Dominguez 🇨🇺 (Cuba)
- 6e étape A (12/09 – CLM individuel ⏱️) : Rafael Barbas 🇵🇹 (Tavfer-Ovos Matinados-Mortágua)
- 6e étape B (12/09) : Luis Gomez 🇻🇪 (Fina Arroz-Multimarcas Sport)
- 7e étape (13/09) : Leangel Linarez 🇻🇪 (Tavfer-Ovos Matinados-Mortágua)
- 8e et dernière étape (14/09) : Cristian Damian Velez 🇨🇴 (GW Erco Shimano)
- Classement général : Luis Mora 🇻🇪 (Gobierno Trujillo)
- Turul Romaniei 🇷🇴 (2.2)
- 1re étape (10/09) : Maximilian Schmidbauer 🇦🇹 (WSA KTM Graz)
- 2e étape (11/09) : Cesare Chesini 🇮🇹 (MBH Bank Ballan CSB)
- 3e étape (12/09) : Seth Dunwoody 🇮🇪 (Bahrain Victorious Development Team)
- 4e étape (13/09) : Jonathan Rottmann 🇩🇪 (REMBE | Rad-net)
- 5e et dernière étape (14/09) : Radoslaw Fratczak 🇵🇱 (Voster ATS Team)
- Classement général : Cesare Chesini 🇮🇹 (MBH Bank Ballan CSB)
- Grand Prix Chantal Biya 🇨🇲 (2.2)
- 1re étape (10/09) : Alexandre Mayer 🇲🇺 (Maurice)
- 2e étape (11/09) : Guillaume Gaboriaud 🇫🇷 (Team France Clubs Défense)
- 3e étape (12/09) : Clovis Kamzong 🇨🇲 (SNH Velo Club)
- 4e étape (13/09) : Alexandre Mayer 🇲🇺 (Maurice)
- 5e et dernière étape (14/09) : Alexandre Mayer 🇲🇺 (Maurice)
- Classement général : Alexandre Mayer 🇲🇺 (Maurice)
- Grand Prix Rik Van Looy 🇧🇪 (1.2)
- 14/09 : Mads Andersen 🇩🇰 (Airtox-Carl Ras)
VTT
- Championnats du monde de VTT en Valais 🇨🇭 (CM)
- Short-track – Espoirs femmes (09/09) : Isabella Holmgren 🇨🇦 (Canada)
- Short-track – Espoirs hommes (09/09) : Adrien Boichis 🇫🇷 (France)
- Short-track – Élites femmes (09/09) : Alessandra Keller 🇨🇭 (Suisse)
- Short-track – Élites hommes (09/09) : Victor Koretzky 🇫🇷 (France)
- Cross-country – Relais par équipes mixte (11/09) : France 🇫🇷 (Adrien Boichis, Lucas Teste, Loana Lecomte, Olivia Onesti, Lise Revol et Joshua Dubau)
- Cross-country – Juniors femmes (12/09) : Marusa Tereza Serkezi 🇸🇰 (Slovaquie)
- Cross-country – Juniors hommes (12/09) : Lucas Teste 🇫🇷 (France)
- Cross-country – Espoirs hommes (13/09) : Finn Treudler 🇨🇭 (Suisse)
- Cross-country – Élites femmes (13/09) : Jenny Rissveds 🇸🇪 (Suède)
- Cross-country – Espoirs femmes (14/09) : Isabella Holmgren 🇨🇦 (Canada)
- Cross-country – Élites hommes (14/09) : Alan Hatherly 🇿🇦 (Afrique du Sud)
L’agenda des prochains jours
Mardi 16 septembre 2025
- Tour du Lac Poyang 🇨🇳 (2.2) – 2e étape
- Wucheng Paigong Alley > Jiujiang (105,8 km)
- Liste des partants
Mercredi 17 septembre 2025
- Grand Prix de Wallonie – Hommes 🇧🇪 (1.Pro)
- Dison > Citadelle de Namur (187 km)
- Liste des partants
- 📺 Direct dès 16h00 sur RTL Club, RTL Play et HBO Max
- Tour de Luxembourg 🇱🇺 (2.Pro) – 1re étape
- Luxembourg > Luxembourg (152,8 km)
- Liste des partants
- 📺 Direct dès 15h50 sur HBO Max, dès 17h00 sur Eurosport 2, et dès 15h50 sur La Chaîne L’Équipe
- Grand Prix de Wallonie – Femmes 🇧🇪 (1.1)
- Dison > Citadelle de Namur (128,7 km)
- Liste des partantes
- 📺 Direct dès 14h00 sur HBO Max, et dès 15h00 sur RTL Club et RTL Play
- Tour de Slovaquie 🇸🇰 (2.1) – 1re étape
- Bardejov > Bardejov (141,2 km)
- Liste des partants
- 📺 Direct dès 15h00 sur HBO Max et Eurosport 2
- Tour du Lac Poyang 🇨🇳 (2.2) – 3e étape
- Mopanshan > Mopanshan (107,9 km)
- Liste des partants
Jeudi 18 septembre 2025
- Tour de Luxembourg 🇱🇺 (2.Pro) – 2e étape
- Remich > Mamer (168,4 km)
- Liste des partants
- 📺 Direct dès 14h50 sur HBO Max, et dès 15h00 sur Eurosport 2, et dès 15h50 sur La Chaîne L’Équipe
- Tour de Slovaquie 🇸🇰 (2.1) – 2e étape
- Svidník > Kosice (170,6 km)
- Liste des partants
- 📺 Direct dès 13h00 sur HBO Max et Eurosport 2
- Tour du Lac Poyang 🇨🇳 (2.2) – 4e étape
- Tangli > Tonggu (44,9 km – CLM par équipes ⏱️)
- Liste des partants
Vendredi 19 septembre 2025
- Tour de Luxembourg 🇱🇺 (2.Pro) – 3e étape
- Mertert > Vianden (170,5 km)
- Liste des partants
- 📺 Direct dès 14h50 sur HBO Max, et dès 15h00 sur Eurosport 2, et dès 15h50 sur La Chaîne L’Équipe
- Championnat des Flandres 🇧🇪 (1.1)
- Koolskamp > Koolskamp (180 km)
- Liste des partants
- 📺 Direct dès 14h30 sur HBO Max, et dès 15h30 sur Tipik et RTBF Auvio
- Chrono féminin de Gatineau 🇨🇦 (1.1)
- Gatineau > Gatineau (22,1 km)
- Liste des partantes
- Tour de Slovaquie 🇸🇰 (2.1) – 3e étape
- Kezmarok > Banská Bystrica (191,7 km)
- Liste des partants
- 📺 Direct dès 13h00 sur HBO Max et Eurosport 2
- Tour de Huangshan 🇨🇳 (2.1) – 1re étape
- Giro Mediterraneo in Rosa 🇮🇹 (2.2) – 1re étape
- Foiano di Valfortore > Visciano (120 km)
- Liste des partantes
- Tour du Lac Poyang 🇨🇳 (2.2) – 5e étape
- Lianhua > Lianhua (120,2 km)
- Liste des partants
VTT
- UCI Mountain Bike World Series à Lenzerheide🇨🇭 (CDM) – Short-track
- 📺 Direct dès 17h15 sur HBO Max et Eurosport 2
Samedi 20 septembre 2025
- Super 8 Classic 🇧🇪 (1.Pro)
- Brakel > Haacht (200,7 km)
- Liste des partants
- 📺 Direct dès 15h00 sur RTL Club et RTL Play, dès 15h45 sur VTM et VTM Go, et dès 16h15 sur HBO Max
- Tour de Luxembourg 🇱🇺 (2.Pro) – 4e étape
- Niederanven > Niederanven (26,3 km – CLM individuel ⏱️)
- Liste des partants
- 📺 Direct dès 14h50 sur HBO Max, dès 17h00 sur Eurosport 1, et dès 15h55 sur La Chaîne L’Équipe
- Tour féminin de Gatineau 🇨🇦 (1.1)
- Gatineau > Gatineau (122,1 km)
- Liste des partantes
- Tour de Slovaquie 🇸🇰 (2.1) – 4e étape
- Vráble > Sládkovicovo (169,1 km)
- Liste des partants
- 📺 Direct dès 15h00 sur HBO Max, et dès 15h30 sur Eurosport 1
- Tour de Huangshan 🇨🇳 (2.1) – 2e étape
- Milan-Rapallo 🇮🇹 (1.2)
- Giro Mediterraneo in Rosa 🇮🇹 (2.2) – 2e étape
- Caserta > Cardito-Frattamaggiore (113 km)
- Liste des partantes
- Tour du Lac Poyang 🇨🇳 (2.2) – 6e étape
- Xinyu > Xinyu (120,5 km)
- Liste des partants
VTT
- UCI Mountain Bike World Series à Lenzerheide🇨🇭 (CDM) – Descente
- 📺 Direct dès 11h15 sur HBO Max, et dès 13h00 sur La Chaîne L’Équipe
Dimanche 21 septembre 2025
- Championnats du monde sur route à Kigali 🇷🇼 (CM) – CLM individuel élites femmes
- Kigali > Kigali (31,2 km – CLM individuel ⏱️)
- Liste des partantes
- 📺 Direct dès 10h00 sur HBO Max, Eurosport 2, Canvas, Sporza.be et VRT Max, et dès 10h10 sur RTBF Auvio
- Championnats du monde sur route à Kigali 🇷🇼 (CM) – CLM individuel élites hommes
- Kigali > Kigali (40,6 km – CLM individuel ⏱️)
- Liste des partants
- 📺 Direct dès 13h35 sur HBO Max, VRT 1, Sporza.be et VRT Max, dès 14h30 sur Eurosport 1, dès 13h45 sur La Une et RTBF Auvio, et dès 14h50 sur France 3 et France.tv
- Tour de Luxembourg 🇱🇺 (2.Pro) – 5e et dernière étape
- Mersch > Luxembourg (176,4 km)
- Liste des partants
- 📺 Direct dès 12h40 sur HBO Max, et dès 15h55 sur La Chaîne L’Équipe
- Flèche de Gooik 🇧🇪 (1.1)
- Roosdaal > Gooik
- Liste des partants
- 📺 Direct dès 15h30 sur Pickx.be, Pickx Pop-Up Sports et Pickx Showcase
- Grand Prix d’Isbergues 🇫🇷 (1.1)
- Isbergues > Isbergues (199 km)
- Liste des partants
- 📺 Direct dès 14h00 sur HBO Max
- Tour de Romagne 🇮🇹 (1.1)
- Tour de Slovaquie 🇸🇰 (2.1) – 5e et dernière étape
- Nová Dubnica > Kohútka (124 km)
- Liste des partants
- 📺 Direct dès 12h00 sur HBO Max
- Tour de Huangshan 🇨🇳 (2.1) – 3e et dernière étape
- Giro Mediterraneo in Rosa 🇮🇹 (2.2) – 3e et dernière étape
- Caivano > Caivano (119,9 km)
- Liste des partantes
VTT
- UCI Mountain Bike World Series à Lenzerheide🇨🇭 (CDM) – Cross-country
- 📺 Direct dès 13h00 sur HBO Max
Lundi 22 septembre 2025
- Championnats du monde sur route à Kigali 🇷🇼 (CM) – CLM individuel espoirs femmes
- Kigali > Kigali (22,5 km – CLM individuel ⏱️)
- Liste des partantes
- 📺 Direct dès 10h25 sur HBO Max et sur Eurosport 1, et dès 11h30 sur VRT 1, Sporza.be et VRT Max
- Championnats du monde sur route à Kigali 🇷🇼 (CM) – CLM individuel espoirs hommes
- Kigali > Kigali (31,2 km – CLM individuel ⏱️)
- Liste des partants
- 📺 Direct dès 13h25 sur HBO Max et sur Eurosport 1, dès 13h35 sur RTBF Auvio, et dès 15h00 sur VRT 1, Sporza.be et VRT Max
- Tour du Lac Poyang 🇨🇳 (2.2) – 7e étape
- Zixi > Zixi (108,5 km)
- Liste des partants
Merci pour votre lecture !
Vous retrouverez votre prochaine infolettre le lundi 22 septembre dans votre boîte aux lettres numérique !
N’hésitez pas à partager cette infolettre avec vos proches et à nous suivre sur CyclismeRevue.be ainsi que nos réseaux sociaux pour ne rien manquer de l’actualité cycliste.
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#ChampionnatsDuMonde #CyclismeSurRoute #Israël #IsraelPremierTech #JoãoAlmeida #JonasVingegaard #Kigali #Manifestations #Mondiaux #Rwanda #TomPidcock #TourDEspagne #vtt #Vuelta #VueltaAEspaña
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The brilliant Percival Everett will receive the Stowe Prize for Literary Activism for JAMES: A Novel. The event will be livestreamed on September 17th.
https://stowecenter.org/programs/stowe-prize-for-literary-activism/
#PercivalEverett
#Books
#JAMES: A Novel -
BEGATS AND BEQUEATHALS @begatsandbequeathalsasouthernusfamilydocumented.com@begatsandbequeathalsasouthernusfamilydocumented.com ·
Children of Griffith and Mary James: Hannah, Gwendolyn, Joseph, Mary, John, and Samuel
Dean Historical Marker, Starr, Anderson County, South Carolina, photo by Brian Scott at Historical Marker DatabaseOr, Subtitled: Migration Trails from Maryland to South Carolina and Many Points West
As the previous posting shows, in his 20 April 1795 will in Pendleton District, South Carolina, Griffith James names his wife Mary and the following children: Hannah, Gwendolyn (Jenny in the will), Joseph, Mary, John, and Samuel.[1] The children are named in order of birth by gender groupings, with the three sons named in their order of birth as well as the three daughters. A 4 July 1874 letter of William Simpson, a great-grandson of Griffith James’ daughter Mary James Cummings, states that Griffith James also had a son Thomas, who is not named in the will. That letter and the question of the son Thomas will be discussed below. (To read the continuation of this posting, please click the numeral 2 below.)
Here are some salient pieces of information about Griffith and Mary James’ children:
1. Hannah James was born 2 November 1752 in Maryland. If Griffith James had already settled by this date in the vicinity of what would later be Sharpsburg in Washington County, then I think Hannah would likely have been born in Frederick County, the parent county of Washington. But I do not have proof of her place of birth, other than to note that her grandson Thomas Dunlap Leonard states in his 1883 “Biography of the Leonards” that Hannah was “born and reared in Maryland.”[2]
I’ve discussed Hannah James Leonard’s life in detail in my series of postings about the Leonard family. As the posting I just linked states, about 1775 in Frederick (later Washington) County, Hannah married Thomas Leonard, son of Robert Leonard and Honor Pritchard (and see also here). This family moved from Maryland to Pendleton District, South Carolina, in 1786 and from South Carolina to Lincoln (later Marshall) County, Tennessee, in 1808.
As another posting about the Leonard family notes, Hannah’s dates of birth and death are recorded on her grave marker in the Leonard family cemetery outside Petersburg, Marshall County, Tennessee.[3] The gravestone states, as indicated above, that she was born 2 November 1752 and that she died 3 November 1842. Hannah died at the Leonard homeplace outside Petersburg in Marshall County, Tennessee. The family cemetery, in which she is buried with husband Thomas Leonard, is behind the site of the old homeplace.
2. Gwendolyn James was born about 1754, probably in Frederick (later Washington) County, Maryland. I haven’t found a document giving a precise date of birth for Gwendolyn. The 1754 date is suggested by Beverly Dean Peoples and Ralph Terry Dean in their book Country Cousins, Descendants of Samuel Dean.[4] Federal censuses on which Gwendolyn is enumerated in her husband Samuel Dean’s household do not offer much help in narrowing down the year of her birth: the 1800 census places it between 1755 and 1774, the 1810 census before 1765, and the 1820 census before 1775. Gwendolyn was living in 1830 after Samuel died in 1826, but I do not find her listed as head of a household on the 1830 federal census.
As Country Cousins states, a 1751 birthdate for Samuel Dean has been handed down among his descendants. Griffith James’ will names Gwendolyn (“Jenny”) after her sister Hannah, whose 2 November 1752 birthdate is established by her gravestone. As we’ll see in a moment, there’s documentary evidence for a 1758 birthdate for Griffith’s son Joseph and for a birthdate of 19 November 1763 for Griffith’s daughter Mary. So if Gwenny was born between Hannah and Mary, her birth year would definitely fall between 1752 and 1763, and, it appears, prior to Joseph’s birth year of 1758. Samuel and Gwendolyn’s first child, Thomas, was born 13 September 1774, and that date also makes a 1754 birth year for his mother very reasonable.
Gwendolyn James married Samuel, son of Richard and Priscilla Dean, about 1773. Since Richard Dean and Griffith James lived on adjoining tracts of land outside Sharpsburg in what was then Frederick but soon to be Washington County, the marriage would very likely have occurred in Frederick County.
Anderson County, South Carolina, Will Bk B, pp. 6-7Gwendolyn James Dean made a will on 6 December 1834 in Anderson County, South Carolina, her husband Samuel having died there also testate with a will dated 22 May 1826 and probated 25 September 1826.[5] Gwendolyn’s will was probated 7 September 1835, so she died between 6 December 1834 and 7 September 1835. Why numerous family trees published online and Gwendolyn’s Find a Grave memorial page state her date of death as 5 December 1834 is beyond me to understand or explain.
According to Country Cousins,[6]
Samuel Dean and Gwendolyn James and others are buried in unmarked graves on what was then their property near Fairview School on Highway 116 between Belton, SC and Williamston, SC.
The cemetery in which Gwendolyn and Samuel are buried is now known as the Dean cemetery, and is close to Starr in Anderson County, South Carolina.
Liber Defunctorium in Parochia Sancta Maria, etc., available digitally at FamilySearch3. Joseph James was born in 1758, very likely in Frederick (later Washington) County, Maryland. We know Joseph’s year of birth from his death record in the death register of Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary parish in Perryville, Perry County, Missouri. This states that he died in that parish on 22 May 1825, aged 67.[7] The Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary parish served the English-speaking Catholic population of the area from 1817 until its merger with the German-speaking St. Boniface Parish to form St. Vincent de Paul Parish in 1965.
As previous postings have stated (see here and here), about 1780 in Washington County, Maryland, Joseph married Elizabeth, daughter of James and Sarah Walker Austin. The 20 April 1779 will of Elizabeth’s father James Austin in Washington County states that James was leaving to daughters Elizabeth and Charity shares in a tract of land called King Cole, which came to Joseph James by his marriage to Elizabeth, and which he later sold to his father Griffith James.[8]
Thomas James, son of Joseph James and Elizabeth Austin; photo reproduced in Frank Everett Stevens, The Black Hawk war, Including a Review of Black Hawk’s Life (Chicago, 1903), p. 146, attributed to Martha H. HokeAs previously noted, about 1791, Joseph moved his family from Washington County, Maryland, to Kentucky. A book written by his son Thomas James entitled Three Years Among the Indians and Mexicans, which recounts his experiences on a trading expedition in 1809 with Auguste P. Chouteau from St. Ferdinand, Missouri, up to the headwaters of the Missouri River and to the Columbia, says that in 1803, Joseph James moved his family from Kentucky to Illinois and then in the spring of 1807, the family made its way to Missouri.[9]
The Combined History of Randolph, Monroe and Perry Counties, Illinois, states,[10]
The James family, of Welsh origin, were among the early settlers in the American Bottom [in Monroe County, Illinois]. Joseph Austin James emigrated to Illinois in 1803, accompanied by his son, Thomas James, who was born in Maryland, in the year 1782, and James A. He moved to Missouri in 1807, where he died.
One of Joseph James and Elizabeth Austin’s sons was named James Austin James, and I suspect that the history of Randolph, Monroe, and Perry Counties has given James’ father Joseph the middle name of Austin for that reason. I have seen no documents giving Joseph, son of Griffith and Mary James, the middle name Austin. If Joseph did have a middle name, it might have been Griffith and not Austin. A letter written on 4 July 1874 by William Simpson of Jacksonville, Florida, a great-grandson of Joseph James’ sister Mary and husband Harmon Cummings, states that Griffith and Mary James had a son Griffith who was a Revolutionary soldier who went west from Maryland.[11] William Simpson seems to be referring here to Joseph James, who was a private in Captain John Reynolds’ militia company, 2nd battalion, in Maryland during the Revolutionary War.[12]
Joseph James’ place of burial is not known. There’s speculation that he’s buried at Mount Hope cemetery in Perryville, Missouri, but if that’s the case, his grave is not now marked.
John Cummings, “A Journal of the Life & Parantage [sic] of John Cummings & Wife.”4. Mary James was born 19 November 1763 in Frederick (later Washington) County, Maryland. This date of birth is recorded in a document written by her son John Cummings, entitled “A Journal of the Life & Parantage [sic] of John Cummings & Wife.”[13] Biographies of John Cummings note that he was born in Pendleton District/Anderson County, South Carolina, on 2 December 1802, and in 1830, moved to Gibson County, Tennessee, where he and wife Rachel Canada became Mormons and went to Nauvoo, Illinois, then from there in 1832 to Provo City, Utah, and finally to Heber City.[14] I think it’s likely that John Cummings’ handwritten document is now held by descendants in Utah or is perhaps in a library or archive there.
Maryland Historical Society, Maryland Marriages 1777-1804In a previous posting, I noted that the marriage of Mary James and Harmon Cummings on 7 September 1779 is recorded in records of Washington County, Maryland, indicating that the marriage was solemnized by Reverend George Mitchell of Hagerstown, who also married Mary Ann Leonard and Colin Campbell. Mary Ann Leonard was a sister of Thomas Leonard who married Mary James’ brother Thomas Leonard.[15]
Frank Ellwood Esshom, Pioneers and Prominent Men of Utah (Salt Lake City: Utah Pioneers Book Publishing Company, 1913), p. 831 John Cummings, photo uploaded by Jerry Duke to Cummings tree at FamilySearchThe journal of Harmon and Mary Cummings’ son John states that Harmon Cummings was born 23 March 1756 and died 4 February 1851. Mary James Cummings died 29 March 1847 according to John Cummings’ journal. Both died in Anderson County, South Carolina, and are said to be buried in the cemetery of Mountain Creek Baptist church south of Anderson, to which they belonged.
Melinda Junkins vs. Harmon Cummins, Mary Cummins, Moses Dean, et al., Anderson County, South Carolina, Equity Court no. 140 (no. 29, 1847)5. John James was born between 1770 and 1780 according to the 1830 federal census of Anderson County, South Carolina, and between 1750 and 1760 according to the 1840 federal census.[16] I suspect his birth year actually fell somewhere between 1760 and 1770.
John James died in Anderson County in January 1842. In 1847, his niece Malinda Junkins, daughter of Harmon and Mary James Cummings, filed a case for partition of property belonging to John and his brother Samuel that had come to them from Griffith and Mary James.[17] Malinda’s 21 February 1847 bill of complaint states that John James died in Anderson County in January 1842 unmarried and with no legal issue, but that he had an illegitimate daughter who married William Hembree, and that Hembree was occupying the land in question. An inventory of John’s estate filed in the case file shows that the estate inventory was done on 1 February 1842 and a bill of sale in the file shows John’s estate being sold on 18 February 1842 at the house of John E. Norris.
Melinda Junkins vs. Harmon Cummins, Mary Cummins, Moses Dean, et al., Anderson County, South Carolina, Equity Court no. 140 (no. 29, 1847)Prior to this lawsuit on 7 April 1846, Harmon and Mary Cummings had deeded to daughter Malinda Junkins 174 acres that had descended to them from their brothers John and Samuel James, with the deed stating that both John and Samuel had died prior to April 1846, neither leaving lawful issue.[18] This document also states that William Hembree was occupying what had been the land co-owned by John and his brother Samuel.
Melinda Junkins vs. Harmon Cummins, Mary Cummins, Moses Dean, et al., Anderson County, South Carolina, Equity Court no. 140 (no. 29, 1847)6. Samuel James was likely born between 1760 and 1770 in Frederick (later Washington) County, Maryland. As the preceding posting states, when his father Griffith James made his will in Pendleton District, South Carolina, on 29 April 1795, the will made his two youngest sons John and Samuel, the two sons still living with their parents in 1795, their father’s executor.
The bill of complaint filed by Samuel’s first cousin Malinda Junkins in 1847 in her lawsuit against her parents says that Samuel James had left South Carolina to go west and had not been heard from in thirty years and was presumed dead. The bill of complaint also says that Samuel died unmarried and without lawful issue. The 4 July 1874 letter of William Simpson discussed above also states that Samuel James, a Revolutionary soldier, had gone west from South Carolina.
Samuel James had left South Carolina 7 September 1825 when his uncle Samuel Dean, acting as Samuel James’ power of attorney, sold Griffith Dean 154 acres on a branch of Twenty-Six Mile Creek in Pendleton District belonging to Samuel James, with the deed stating that Samuel James was “formerly of Pendleton District.”[19]
Samuel may have already left South Carolina by 12 September 1821 when Joseph Grisham filed a suit of debt against him in Pendleton District and Samuel did not (as it seems to me, reading the court documents) appear in court after having been summoned.[20] Samuel was indebted to Joseph for $20.50 promised by a note of obligation, dated 28 January 1821. When Samuel did not appear in court, his property was garnished.
I think that Samuel James continued owning property in Pendleton District after he left South Carolina, since a man of this name appears on tax lists of Anderson County in 1835, 1836, 1837, 1838, and 1840, and I’m not aware of another Samuel James living in or holding property in Anderson County at this time. This property may well have been the land whose disposition Malinda Junkins was challenging in her 1847 lawsuit.
I have been unable to discover where Samuel James went when he left South Carolina, and where he died and may be buried. If Malinda Junkins’ bill of complaint in 1847 is correct, then he left South Carolina by 1817, since he had not been heard of, she claimed, for thirty years. The 1820 federal census shows a number of men with the name Samuel James in points west of South Carolina including Tennessee, Kentucky, Ohio, and Louisiana.
As stated previously, though the will of Griffith James does not name a son Thomas, the 4 July 1874 letter of William Simpson states that Griffith James had a son Thomas, who was a Revolutionary soldier who went west. As one reads the family history William Simpson offers in this letter, it’s important to keep in mind that it definitely contains mistaken information. Simpson states, for instance, that Gwendolyn James’ husband Samuel Dean was “a frenchman who came over to this country with General Lafayette,” and that Hannah James married “a Mr. Lenard, one of the hessians that Grand Father helped take prisoner at Trenton.” Both of these pieces of information are totally incorrect.
A Thomas James married Elizabeth McFall in Washington County, Maryland, on 18 April 1778 and is found on the 1790 federal census in that county. But this Thomas James does not appear to be a son of Griffith and Mary James. His roots lie in Harford County, Maryland, and I find no information that links him to Griffith James.
[1] Anderson County, South Carolina, Will Bk. C, p. 82.
[2] Thomas Dunlap Leonard, “Biography of the Leonards” (1883 manuscript now circulated as typescript; present whereabouts are not known).
[3] See Elizabeth Lucie Leonard Baxter, “Leonard Family,” Marshall County, Tennessee, Historical Quarterly 6,2 (summer 1975); and Find a Grave memorial page of Hannah James Leonard, Leonard cemetery, Marshall County, Tennessee, created by Donna B. and maintained by LookingforFamily, with a gravestone photo by Jimmy Trout. Note that the Find a Grave memorial page gives Hannah James a middle name, Leona, that is erroneous. No document I’ve seen ever states a middle name for Hannah.
[4] Beverly Dean Peoples and Ralph Terry Dean, Country Cousins, Descendants of Samuel Dean, 2nd ed.(Franklin, North Carolina: Genealogy Publishing, 2001), p. 3. See also Beverly Dean Peoples, “Richard Deane (1701-1788) and His Children,” at Rootsweb.
[5] Gwendolyn James Dean’s will is in Anderson County, South Carolina, Will Bk B, pp. 6-7. Samuel Dean’s will is a “floating” will not recorded in a will book: Anderson County, South Carolina, probate files box 15, no. 173.
[6] Beverly Dean Peoples and Ralph Terry Dean, Country Cousins, p. 3.
[7] Liber Defunctorium in Parochia Sancta Maria, etc., available digitally at FamilySearch.
[8] Washington County, Maryland, Will Bk. A, pp. 29-30.
[9] Thomas James, Three Years Among the Indians and Mexican (Waterloo, Illinois: War Eagle Office, 1846).
[10] The Combined History of Randolph, Monroe and Perry Counties, Illinois, etc. (Philadelphia: J.L. McDonough, 1883).
[11] In 1999, Heidi Rose Lahey owned the original letter and another that William Simpson wrote on 7 February 1877. She has helpfully placed transcriptions of both letters online at Rootsweb.
[12] Henry C. Peden, Revolutionary Patriots of Washington County, Maryland 1776-1783 (Westminster, Maryland: Family Line, 1998], p. 184; and S. Eugene Clements and Edward F. Wright, The Maryland Militia in the Revolutionary War (Silver Spring: Family Line, 1987], p. 240)
[13] I do not know the present whereabouts of this handwritten document. Digital copies are online at FamilySearch here and here. The 19 November 1763 date of birth is also stated in Hugh S. Watson’s “Genealogy” column, Virginia Gazette (13 August 1954), p. 11, col. 1, with a clipping of this column in the Alabama Archives’ surname files.
[14] See Yvonne Cummings Miller, Biography of H. Clay and Ruby Cummings (Salt Lake City: Hiller, 1990); and Frank Ellwood Esshom, Pioneers and Prominent Men of Utah (Salt Lake City: Utah Pioneers Book Publishing Company, 1913), p. 831. See also Heidi Rose Lahey’s family history site, noting the dates of birth and death of Mary James and her husband Harmon Cummings and indicating that both are registered in temple-rites records of the LDS church.
[15] Maryland Historical Society, Maryland Marriages 1777-1804; and Gaius Marcus Brumbaugh, Maryland Records, vol. 2 (Lancaster, Pennsylvania, 1928; repr. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Company, 1967), p. 522.
[16] 1830 federal census, Anderson County, South Carolina, p. 183A; 1840 federal census, Anderson County, South Carolina, p. 103.
[17] Melinda Junkins vs. Harmon Cummins, Mary Cummins, Moses Dean, et al., Anderson County, South Carolina, Equity Court no. 140 (no. 29, 1847).
[18] Anderson County, South Carolina, Deed Bk. Z, pp. 195-7.
[19] Ibid., Bk. R, pp. 483-4.
[20] Joseph Grisham vs. Samuel James, Pendleton District, South Carolina, Summary Process Papers, roll 2109.
#ancestry #AndersonCoSouthCarolina #AugustePChouteau #CharityAustin #ColinCampbell #ElizabethAustin #familyHistory #FrederickCoMaryland #genealogy #GeorgeMitchell #GibsonCoTennessee #GriffithDean #GriffithJames #GwendolynJames #HagerstownWashingtonCoMaryland #HannahJames #HarfordCoMaryland #HarmonCummin #HarmonCummings #HarmonCummins #HeberCityWasatchCoUtah #history #HonorPritchard #JamesAustin #JamesAustinJames #JohnCummings #JohnJames #JosephJames #KingColeWashingtonCoMaryland #LincolnCoTennessee #MalindaCummingsJunkin #MarshallCoTennessee #MaryAnnLeonard #MaryJames #MonroeCoIllinois #MosesDean #MountainCreekBaptistChurchPendletonDistSouthCarolina #NauvooMissouri #PendletonDistSouthCarolina #PerryvillePerryCoMissouri #PetersburgMarshallCoTennessee #ProvoCityUtahCoUtah #RachelCanada #RichardDean #RichardDeane #RobertLeonard #SamuelDean #SamuelJames #SarahWalker #SharpsburgWashingtonCoMaryland #StFerdinandStLouisCoMissouri #StarrAndersonCoSouthCarolina #ThomasDunlapLeonard #ThomasJames #ThomasLeonard #WashingtonCoMaryland #WiliamHembree #WilliamSimpson -
RE: https://mastodon.social/@yaelwrites/116754735735263804
Love this! Do you have a favorite Percival Everett book or books? He's written so many incredible ones. Mine are (and not in a particular order):
1. James: A Novel
2. The Trees
3. Erasure -
When having found faith through the study of the Bible we do need to do works of faith
When we have found the Word of God and started reading the Bible with an open mind, letting the words come to us like they are written, it shall transform our inner self, if we allow it to do that.
When we do come into the faith, believing in One God and believing in His only begotten son, to be the sent one from God and the Messiah, our saviour, we shall have to take actions. We shall not be able to continue to live like we did before.
Faith demands action. Faith demands works.
We do know that there are lots of pastors who say contrary, but be aware that rabbi Jeshua taught his followers to be prudent and to be alert, doing the right things are otherwise they could miss the opportunity to enter God’s Kingdom.
It is true that we have received the free Gift of the Grace of God by the Blood of Christ. But it is not because we are giving a whitewashing of sins by the ransom offer of Christ Jesus, that we can do whatever we want. No. Once we come into the faith we shall have to do the works of faith. In case we do not do those works of the Law our faith shall be like a dead faith, not bringing us far.
When from our bible reading we got to see that Jesus is the Way and that we have to become one like he is one with God we shall have to work on ourselves to become like Jesus. It shall take many works to come in Christ and becoming “a new creation“. Than the old person has to be set aside and a new person has to take you over, like you are reborn in this system of things, you not any more being of the world but being of God.
Thanks to the sent one from God and God accepting Jesus his offering as a payment for sins, salvation has come over us. But when becoming a Christian we are at a new starting point, saved from the curse of death. This we have to keep so, which shall demand lots of works, keeping ourselves under control.
God reconciled us to Himself through Christ and gave us the ministry of reconciliation. Given a free way now we have to keep our good relationship with This Divine Creator and with His son. That God was reconciling the world to himself in Christ, not counting men’s sins against them does not give us now a free way to continue sinning. God has committed to us the message of reconciliation. Therefore we have to be Christ’s ambassadors, as though God were making His appeal through us. Jesus asked his disciples to go out into the world and to proclaim the Gospel message of the coming Kingdom of God. This is a very important work we do have to do. This we only can do properly when we live according to what we preach.
We implore you on Christ’s behalf: Be reconciled to God and start doing the works of faith.
Let us have a look at what the Bible itself says about Faith and Works.
“17 Wherefore if any man is in Christ, {1} [he is] a new creature: the old things are passed away; behold, they are become new. {1) Or, there is [a new creation]} 18 But all things are of God, who reconciled us to himself through Christ, and gave unto us the ministry of reconciliation; 19 to wit, that God was in Christ reconciling the world unto himself, not reckoning unto them their trespasses, and having {1} committed unto us the word of reconciliation. {1) Or [placed in us]}20 We are ambassadors therefore on behalf of Christ, as though God were entreating by us: we beseech [you] on behalf of Christ, be ye reconciled to God.” (2 Corinthians 5:17-20 ASV)
“3 For this is the will of God, [even] your sanctification, that ye abstain from fornication; 4 that each one of you know how to possess himself of his own vessel in sanctification and honor, 5 not in the passion of lust, even as the Gentiles who know not God; 6 that no man transgress, and wrong his brother in the matter: because the Lord is an avenger in all these things, as also we forewarned you and testified.
7 For God called us not for uncleanness, but in sanctification. 8 Therefore he that rejecteth, rejecteth not man, but God, who giveth his Holy Spirit unto you.
9 But concerning love of the brethren ye have no need that one write unto you: for ye yourselves are taught of God to love one another; 10 for indeed ye do it toward all the brethren that are in all Macedonia. But we exhort you, brethren, that ye abound more and more; 11 and that ye study to be quiet, and to do your own business, and to work with your hands, even as we charged you; 12 that ye may walk becomingly toward them that are without, and may have need of nothing.” (1 Thessalonians 4:3-12 ASV)
“2 Count it all joy, my brethren, when ye fall into manifold temptations; 3 Knowing that the proving of your faith worketh patience. 4 And let patience have [its] perfect work, that ye may be perfect and entire, lacking in nothing.
5 But if any of you lacketh wisdom, let him ask of God, who giveth to all liberally and upbraideth not; and it shall be given him. 6 But let him ask in faith, nothing doubting: for he that doubteth is like the surge of the sea driven by the wind and tossed.
7 For let not that man think that he shall receive anything of the Lord; 8 a doubleminded man, unstable in all his ways. 9 But let the brother of low degree glory in his high estate: 10 and the rich, in that he is made low: because as the flower of the grass he shall pass away.” (James 1:2-10 ASV)
“12 Blessed is the man that endureth temptation; for when he hath been approved, he shall receive the crown of life, which [the Lord] promised to them that love him.
13 Let no man say when he is tempted, I am tempted of God; for God cannot be tempted with evil, and he himself tempteth no man: 14 but each man is tempted, when he is drawn away by his own lust, and enticed.
15 Then the lust, when it hath conceived, beareth sin: and the sin, when it is fullgrown, bringeth forth death.” (James 1:12-15 ASV)“19 Ye know [this], my beloved brethren. But let every man be swift to hear, slow to speak, slow to wrath: 20 for the wrath of man worketh not the righteousness of God. 21 Wherefore putting away all filthiness and overflowing of wickedness, receive with meekness the implanted word, which is able to save your souls.
22 But be ye doers of the word, and not hearers only, deluding your own selves. 23 For if any one is a hearer of the word and not a doer, he is like unto a man beholding his natural face in a mirror: 24 for he beholdeth himself, and goeth away, and straightway forgetteth what manner of man he was. 25 But he that looketh into the perfect law, the [law] of liberty, and [so] continueth, being not a hearer that forgetteth but a doer that worketh, this man shall be blessed in his doing. 26 If any man thinketh himself to be religious, while he bridleth not his tongue but deceiveth his heart, this man’s religion is vain. 27 Pure religion and undefiled before our God and Father is this, to visit the fatherless and widows in their affliction, [and] to keep oneself unspotted from the world.” (James 1:19-27 ASV)
“1 My brethren, hold not the faith of our Lord Jesus Christ, [the Lord] of glory, with respect of persons. 2 For if there come into your synagogue a man with a gold ring, in fine clothing, and there come in also a poor man in vile clothing; 3 and ye have regard to him that weareth the fine clothing, and say, Sit thou here in a good place; and ye say to the poor man, Stand thou there, or sit under my footstool; 4 do ye not make distinctions among yourselves, and become judges with evil thoughts?” (James 2:1-4 ASV)
“8 Howbeit if ye fulfil the royal law, according to the scripture, Thou shalt love thy neighbor as thyself, ye do well: 9 but if ye have respect of persons, ye commit sin, being convicted by the law as transgressors. 10 For whosoever shall keep the whole law, and yet stumble in one [point], he is become guilty of all.
11 For he that said, Do not commit adultery, said also, Do not kill. Now if thou dost not commit adultery, but killest, thou art become a transgressor of the law.
12 So speak ye, and so do, as men that are to be judged by a law of liberty. 13 For judgment [is] without mercy to him that hath showed no mercy: mercy glorieth against judgment.
14 What doth it profit, my brethren, if a man say he hath faith, but have not works? can that faith save him?
15 If a brother or sister be naked and in lack of daily food, 16 and one of you say unto them, Go in peace, be ye warmed and filled; and yet ye give them not the things needful to the body; what doth it profit?
17 Even so faith, if it have not works, is dead in itself.
18 Yea, a man will say, Thou hast faith, and I have works: show me thy faith apart from [thy] works, and I by my works will show thee [my] faith.
19 Thou believest that God is one; thou doest well: the demons also believe, and shudder. 20 But wilt thou know, O vain man, that faith apart from works is barren?
21 Was not Abraham our father justified by works, in that he offered up Isaac his son upon the altar? 22 Thou seest that faith wrought with his works, and by works was faith made perfect; 23 and the scripture was fulfilled which saith, And Abraham believed God, and it was reckoned unto him for righteousness; and he was called the friend of God.
24 Ye see that by works a man is justified, and not only by faith.
25 And in like manner was not also Rahab the harlot justified by works, in that she received the messengers, and sent them out another way? 26 For as the body apart from the spirit is dead, even so faith apart from works is dead.” (James 2:8-26 ASV)
“13 Who is wise and understanding among you? let him show by his good life his works in meekness of wisdom. 14 But if ye have bitter jealousy and faction in your heart, glory not and lie not against the truth. 15 This wisdom is not [a wisdom] that cometh down from above, but is earthly, sensual, devilish. 16 For where jealousy and faction are, there is confusion and every vile deed. 17 But the wisdom that is from above is first pure, then peaceable, gentle, easy to be entreated, full of mercy and good fruits, without variance, without hypocrisy. 18 And the fruit of righteousness is sown in peace for them that make peace.” (James 3:13-18 ASV)
“1 Whence [come] wars and whence [come] fightings among you? [come they] not hence, [even] of your pleasures that war in your members?
2 Ye lust, and have not: ye kill, and covet, and cannot obtain: ye fight and war; ye have not, because ye ask not. 3 Ye ask, and receive not, because ye ask amiss, that ye may spend [it] in your pleasures.
4 Ye adulteresses, know ye not that the friendship of the world is enmity with God? Whosoever therefore would be a friend of the world maketh himself an enemy of God.
5 Or think ye that the scripture speaketh in vain? Doth the spirit which he made to dwell in us long unto envying? 6 But he giveth more grace. Wherefore [the scripture] saith, God resisteth the proud, but giveth grace to the humble.
7 Be subject therefore unto God; but resist the devil, and he will flee from you.
8 Draw nigh to God, and he will draw nigh to you. Cleanse your hands, ye sinners; and purify your hearts, ye doubleminded.
9 Be afflicted, and mourn, and weep: let your laughter be turned to mourning, and your joy to heaviness.
10 Humble yourselves in the sight of the Lord, and he shall exalt you.
11 Speak not one against another, brethren. He that speaketh against a brother, or judgeth his brother, speaketh against the law, and judgeth the law: but if thou judgest the law, thou art not a doer of the law, but a judge. 12 One [only] is the lawgiver and judge, [even] he who is able to save and to destroy: but who art thou that judgest thy neighbor?” (James 4:1-12 ASV)
“7 Be patient therefore, brethren, until the coming of the Lord. Behold, the husbandman waiteth for the precious fruit of the earth, being patient over it, until it receive the early and latter rain. 8 Be ye also patient; establish your hearts: for the coming of the Lord is at hand. 9 Murmur not, brethren, one against another, that ye be not judged: behold, the judge standeth before the doors. 10 Take, brethren, for an example of suffering and of patience, the prophets who spake in the name of the Lord.” (James 5:7-10 ASV)
“12 But above all things, my brethren, swear not, neither by the heaven, nor by the earth, nor by any other oath: but let your yea be yea, and your nay, nay; that ye fall not under judgment.
13 Is any among you suffering? Let him pray. Is any cheerful? Let him sing praise.
14 Is any among you sick? Let him call for the elders of the church; and let them pray over him, anointing him with oil in the name of the Lord: 15 and the prayer of faith shall save him that is sick, and the Lord shall raise him up; and if he have committed sins, it shall be forgiven him. 16 Confess therefore your sins one to another, and pray one for another, that ye may be healed. The supplication of a righteous man availeth much in its working.” (James 5:12-16 ASV)
“19 My brethren, if any among you err from the truth, and one convert him; 20 let him know, that he who converteth a sinner from the error of his way shall save a soul from death, and shall cover a multitude of sins.” (James 5:19-20 ASV)
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Prestbury war memorial – northern face “God forbid that I should glory save in the cross of our Lord Jesus Christ”. On 864428. (Photo credit: Wikipedia)Please do find more articles about works of faith and faith without works:
- Counterfeit Gospels
- Daily Spiritual Food
- To prepare ourselves for the Kingdom of God
- We should use the Bible every day
- Seeing or not seeing and willingness to find God
- Coming to understanding from sayings written long ago
- No person has greater love than this one who surrendered his soul in behalf of his friends
- Eternity depends upon this short time on earth
- May reading the Bible provoke us into action to set our feet on the narrow way
- May the Lord direct your hearts to …
- Wanting to live in Christ’s city
- Act as if everything you think, say and do determines your entire life
- You cannot change anything in your life with intention alone
- Leading people astray!
- Restitution
- Relapse plan
- Outflow of foundational relationship based on acceptance of Jesus
- Our life depending on faith
- Not trying to make the heathen live like Jews #2
- Comments to James remarks, about Faith and works
- Luther’s misunderstanding
- January 27, 417, Pope Innocent I condemning Pelagius about Faith and Works
- Romans 4 and the Sacraments
- Is Justification a process?
- Justification – salvation is by grace through faith – JI Packer
- Faith itself not the cause of justification – Louis Berkhof
- Letter to the Romans, chapter 3
- Letter to the Romans, chapter 4
- Additional comments to the 3rd Letter to the Romans
- Additional comments to the Letter to the Romans 4
- Which is worse–works without faith, or faith without works?
- James 2:14-23 — Justified Dynamic Faith & works
- James 2:24 – You see then that a man is justified by works, and not by faith only.
- James 2:25. Likewise, was not Rahab the harlot also justified by works when she received the messengers and sent them out another way?
- Paul giving notice of the works we have to do
- The works we have to do according to James
- A god who gave his people commandments and laws he knew they never could keep to it
- Our relationship with God, Jesus and eachother
- The way of salvation
- A “seed” for the blessing of all mankind would come through the family of Abraham
- God works faith
- Faith is the belief that god will do what is right
- Christ’s ethical teaching
- Being Justified by faith
- Faith is knowing there is an ocean because you have seen a brook.
- Faith Requires a Basis
- Walking in love by faith, not by sight
- Faith Alone Does Not Save . . . No Matter How Many Times Protestants Say It Does
- A Living Faith #1 Substance of things hoped for
- A Living Faith #2 State of your faith
- A Living Faith #3 Faith put into action
- A Living Faith #4 Effort
- A Living Faith #5 Perseverance
- A Living Faith #6 Sacrifice
- Faith and works
- Sharing your faith
- Bearing fruit
- Observing the commandments and becoming doers of the Word
- Sow and harvests in the garden of your heart
- The first on the list of the concerns of the saint
- Be holy
- Back from gone #4 Your inner feelings and actions
- As Christ’s slaves doing the Will of God in gratitude
- 1 Corinthians 15 Hope in action
- Chief means by which men are built up
- Not to play at Christianity
- To be established in the present truth
- Control your destiny or somebody else will
- She who sows thistles will reap prickles
- Love for each other attracting others
- When not seeing or not finding a biblically sound church
- Share your faith
- Outflow of foundational relationship based on acceptance of Jesus
- Faith, storms and actions to be taken
- The longer you wait
+++
Other related articles
- True Word Of God
- We are All a Work in Progress!
- My Chains Are Gone
- The Ripple in the Rift
- The Power of Your Thoughts
- shortcoming…
- What does the term, “the sky’s the limit mean to you?”
- Righteousness pt 7
- Part 1: Gaze on God and Imitate What You See
- The New Has Come…
- Parashat Mishpatim. What is the purpose of mitzvot?
- A Rant On Atheists and Religious Nut Cases.
- Dead Faith – James 2:14-18
- Spiritual Guidance for Feb. 8-14
- To be joyful is the reward
- Alive
- The light and rebirth
- Reborn
- Reborn (Insert clever domain name)
- Regenerate
- Awkward but Unashamed…
- Made new through adoption
- To be reborn to never die
- Mindfulness of God Part 2 (Bonus)
- Go Tell It!
- Bread of life
- Wisdom brings more wisdom
- Be Born Anew!
- They are Reborn
- Thought for the Day
- John Chapter 1
- for us + spirit
+++
Further related articles
- Hope (poemotherapishoppe.com)
- Scripture Verse of The Week ‘Romans 5 Verse 1’ (mylordmyfriend.com)
- Sin (achristianmeditation.wordpress.com)
- Faith is the Key (heartfixxer.wordpress.com)
- Respect For All (itakeoffthemask.com)
- ‘You Don’t Have to Become Somebody Else for God to Love You!’ (blessedmag2.wordpress.com)
- Joy Unspeakable (mylordmyfriend.com)
- Queering the Christian Experience (daily.jstor.org)
- Won’t Get Fooled Again? Machen on Old-School “Jesus v. The Bible” Liberalism (derekzrishmawy.com)
- Sometimes We Need To Slow Down, Be Still And Recognize….That HE IS GOD (brandinicolejm.wordpress.com)
Rate this:
#Abraham #ActionsToBeTaken #Adultery #AmbassadorsOfChrist #AskingGod #AskingInFaith #BeAfflicted #BecomeLikeChrist #BecomingAChristian #BecomingInChrist #BeingInChrist #BeingOfGod #BeingOfTheWorld #BeingOfUnderstanding #BeingSick #BeingUnstable #BeingWise #BeliefInChrist #BelieveInChrist #BelieveInGod #BelieveInMessiah #BelievingInGod #BelievingInSonOfGod #BibleReading #BloodOfChrist #BodyApartFromTheSpirit #BrotherlyLove #CallingForElders #ChristianFaith #Clothing #ClothingOthers #ConfessOneToAnother #Confession #Confusion #Control #Covet #CurseOfDeath #DeadFaith #Discrimination #DivineCreator #DoersOfTheWord #DoingTheWillOfGod #DoublemindedPerson #Doubt #DoubtingMan #DrawNighToGod #EnmityWithGod #EnteringInGodSKingdom #EnteringIntoGodSRest #EntranceToGodSKingdom #Faction #FactionInYourHeart #Faith #FaithAndWorks #FaithApartFromWorks #FaithOfAbraham #FeedingOthers #Fighting #Filthiness #FindingGod #FindingWordOfGod #ForgivenessOfSins #Fornication #FriendshipOfTheWorld #FruitOfRighteousness #FulfillingTheRoyalLaw #Gift #GiftOfGrace #GoodFruits #GraceOfGod #HearersOfTheWord #Humble #HumblePeople #Humbleness #Hypocrisy #Jealousy #Judge #Judgement #JudgingOthers #JustificationByWorks #KeepingTheWholeLaw #Killing #LawOfLiberty #Lawgiver #LifeInChrist #LifeOfFaith #LivingInFaith #LookingIntoThePerfectLaw #LoveForOneAnother #LoveGod #LoveOfTheBrethren #LoveOneAnother #Lust #Meekness #MeeknessOfWisdom #MessageOfReconciliation #Messiah #MinistryOfReconciliation #Mourn #Mourning #NewCreation #NewPersonality #notKilling #Oath #OldPersonality #OneWithGod #Partiality #PassionOfLust #Pastors #Patience #Peacemaker #Pray #PreachingWork #ProofOfFaith #Proud #ProudPeople #ProvingOfOurFaith #PuttingAwayAllFilthiness #PuttingAwayAllWickedness #Rahab #Ransom #RansomOffer #Rebirth #Reborn #Reconciliation #RejectingGod #RejectingMan #RelationshipWithGod #RelationshipWithJesusChrist #Religion #ResistEvil #Respect #RespectForEachother #RighteousnessOfGod #RoyalLaw #SalvationThroughJesusChrist #Sanctification #SaviourChrist #ScriptureFulfilled #SelfControl #SentOneFromGod #ShowingMercy #SingPraise #Sinning #SlowToSpeak #SlowToWrath #SpeakingAgainstTheLaw #SpeakingOneAgainstAnother #SubjectUntoGod #Suffering #Supplication #Swearing #SwiftToHear #Temptation #toBePatient #toBeReligious #toComeIntoTheFaith #toCovet #toDoYourOwnBusiness #toEndureTemptation #toErr #toLackWisdom #toMakePeace #toMurmur #toPreach #toSwear #toTakeAction #toWorkWithYourHands #Transgression #Transgressor #Uncleanness #VileDeed #Visiting #WaitingUntoGod #War #WayOfLiving #Weep #Wickedness #WillOfGod #Wisdom #WordOfGod #WorkOfFaith #WorksOfFaith #WorksOfTheLaw #Wrath #WrathOfMan
-
When having found faith through the study of the Bible we do need to do works of faith
When we have found the Word of God and started reading the Bible with an open mind, letting the words come to us like they are written, it shall transform our inner self, if we allow it to do that.
When we do come into the faith, believing in One God and believing in His only begotten son, to be the sent one from God and the Messiah, our saviour, we shall have to take actions. We shall not be able to continue to live like we did before.
Faith demands action. Faith demands works.
We do know that there are lots of pastors who say contrary, but be aware that rabbi Jeshua taught his followers to be prudent and to be alert, doing the right things are otherwise they could miss the opportunity to enter God’s Kingdom.
It is true that we have received the free Gift of the Grace of God by the Blood of Christ. But it is not because we are giving a whitewashing of sins by the ransom offer of Christ Jesus, that we can do whatever we want. No. Once we come into the faith we shall have to do the works of faith. In case we do not do those works of the Law our faith shall be like a dead faith, not bringing us far.
When from our bible reading we got to see that Jesus is the Way and that we have to become one like he is one with God we shall have to work on ourselves to become like Jesus. It shall take many works to come in Christ and becoming “a new creation“. Than the old person has to be set aside and a new person has to take you over, like you are reborn in this system of things, you not any more being of the world but being of God.
Thanks to the sent one from God and God accepting Jesus his offering as a payment for sins, salvation has come over us. But when becoming a Christian we are at a new starting point, saved from the curse of death. This we have to keep so, which shall demand lots of works, keeping ourselves under control.
God reconciled us to Himself through Christ and gave us the ministry of reconciliation. Given a free way now we have to keep our good relationship with This Divine Creator and with His son. That God was reconciling the world to himself in Christ, not counting men’s sins against them does not give us now a free way to continue sinning. God has committed to us the message of reconciliation. Therefore we have to be Christ’s ambassadors, as though God were making His appeal through us. Jesus asked his disciples to go out into the world and to proclaim the Gospel message of the coming Kingdom of God. This is a very important work we do have to do. This we only can do properly when we live according to what we preach.
We implore you on Christ’s behalf: Be reconciled to God and start doing the works of faith.
Let us have a look at what the Bible itself says about Faith and Works.
“17 Wherefore if any man is in Christ, {1} [he is] a new creature: the old things are passed away; behold, they are become new. {1) Or, there is [a new creation]} 18 But all things are of God, who reconciled us to himself through Christ, and gave unto us the ministry of reconciliation; 19 to wit, that God was in Christ reconciling the world unto himself, not reckoning unto them their trespasses, and having {1} committed unto us the word of reconciliation. {1) Or [placed in us]}20 We are ambassadors therefore on behalf of Christ, as though God were entreating by us: we beseech [you] on behalf of Christ, be ye reconciled to God.” (2 Corinthians 5:17-20 ASV)
“3 For this is the will of God, [even] your sanctification, that ye abstain from fornication; 4 that each one of you know how to possess himself of his own vessel in sanctification and honor, 5 not in the passion of lust, even as the Gentiles who know not God; 6 that no man transgress, and wrong his brother in the matter: because the Lord is an avenger in all these things, as also we forewarned you and testified.
7 For God called us not for uncleanness, but in sanctification. 8 Therefore he that rejecteth, rejecteth not man, but God, who giveth his Holy Spirit unto you.
9 But concerning love of the brethren ye have no need that one write unto you: for ye yourselves are taught of God to love one another; 10 for indeed ye do it toward all the brethren that are in all Macedonia. But we exhort you, brethren, that ye abound more and more; 11 and that ye study to be quiet, and to do your own business, and to work with your hands, even as we charged you; 12 that ye may walk becomingly toward them that are without, and may have need of nothing.” (1 Thessalonians 4:3-12 ASV)
“2 Count it all joy, my brethren, when ye fall into manifold temptations; 3 Knowing that the proving of your faith worketh patience. 4 And let patience have [its] perfect work, that ye may be perfect and entire, lacking in nothing.
5 But if any of you lacketh wisdom, let him ask of God, who giveth to all liberally and upbraideth not; and it shall be given him. 6 But let him ask in faith, nothing doubting: for he that doubteth is like the surge of the sea driven by the wind and tossed.
7 For let not that man think that he shall receive anything of the Lord; 8 a doubleminded man, unstable in all his ways. 9 But let the brother of low degree glory in his high estate: 10 and the rich, in that he is made low: because as the flower of the grass he shall pass away.” (James 1:2-10 ASV)
“12 Blessed is the man that endureth temptation; for when he hath been approved, he shall receive the crown of life, which [the Lord] promised to them that love him.
13 Let no man say when he is tempted, I am tempted of God; for God cannot be tempted with evil, and he himself tempteth no man: 14 but each man is tempted, when he is drawn away by his own lust, and enticed.
15 Then the lust, when it hath conceived, beareth sin: and the sin, when it is fullgrown, bringeth forth death.” (James 1:12-15 ASV)“19 Ye know [this], my beloved brethren. But let every man be swift to hear, slow to speak, slow to wrath: 20 for the wrath of man worketh not the righteousness of God. 21 Wherefore putting away all filthiness and overflowing of wickedness, receive with meekness the implanted word, which is able to save your souls.
22 But be ye doers of the word, and not hearers only, deluding your own selves. 23 For if any one is a hearer of the word and not a doer, he is like unto a man beholding his natural face in a mirror: 24 for he beholdeth himself, and goeth away, and straightway forgetteth what manner of man he was. 25 But he that looketh into the perfect law, the [law] of liberty, and [so] continueth, being not a hearer that forgetteth but a doer that worketh, this man shall be blessed in his doing. 26 If any man thinketh himself to be religious, while he bridleth not his tongue but deceiveth his heart, this man’s religion is vain. 27 Pure religion and undefiled before our God and Father is this, to visit the fatherless and widows in their affliction, [and] to keep oneself unspotted from the world.” (James 1:19-27 ASV)
“1 My brethren, hold not the faith of our Lord Jesus Christ, [the Lord] of glory, with respect of persons. 2 For if there come into your synagogue a man with a gold ring, in fine clothing, and there come in also a poor man in vile clothing; 3 and ye have regard to him that weareth the fine clothing, and say, Sit thou here in a good place; and ye say to the poor man, Stand thou there, or sit under my footstool; 4 do ye not make distinctions among yourselves, and become judges with evil thoughts?” (James 2:1-4 ASV)
“8 Howbeit if ye fulfil the royal law, according to the scripture, Thou shalt love thy neighbor as thyself, ye do well: 9 but if ye have respect of persons, ye commit sin, being convicted by the law as transgressors. 10 For whosoever shall keep the whole law, and yet stumble in one [point], he is become guilty of all.
11 For he that said, Do not commit adultery, said also, Do not kill. Now if thou dost not commit adultery, but killest, thou art become a transgressor of the law.
12 So speak ye, and so do, as men that are to be judged by a law of liberty. 13 For judgment [is] without mercy to him that hath showed no mercy: mercy glorieth against judgment.
14 What doth it profit, my brethren, if a man say he hath faith, but have not works? can that faith save him?
15 If a brother or sister be naked and in lack of daily food, 16 and one of you say unto them, Go in peace, be ye warmed and filled; and yet ye give them not the things needful to the body; what doth it profit?
17 Even so faith, if it have not works, is dead in itself.
18 Yea, a man will say, Thou hast faith, and I have works: show me thy faith apart from [thy] works, and I by my works will show thee [my] faith.
19 Thou believest that God is one; thou doest well: the demons also believe, and shudder. 20 But wilt thou know, O vain man, that faith apart from works is barren?
21 Was not Abraham our father justified by works, in that he offered up Isaac his son upon the altar? 22 Thou seest that faith wrought with his works, and by works was faith made perfect; 23 and the scripture was fulfilled which saith, And Abraham believed God, and it was reckoned unto him for righteousness; and he was called the friend of God.
24 Ye see that by works a man is justified, and not only by faith.
25 And in like manner was not also Rahab the harlot justified by works, in that she received the messengers, and sent them out another way? 26 For as the body apart from the spirit is dead, even so faith apart from works is dead.” (James 2:8-26 ASV)
“13 Who is wise and understanding among you? let him show by his good life his works in meekness of wisdom. 14 But if ye have bitter jealousy and faction in your heart, glory not and lie not against the truth. 15 This wisdom is not [a wisdom] that cometh down from above, but is earthly, sensual, devilish. 16 For where jealousy and faction are, there is confusion and every vile deed. 17 But the wisdom that is from above is first pure, then peaceable, gentle, easy to be entreated, full of mercy and good fruits, without variance, without hypocrisy. 18 And the fruit of righteousness is sown in peace for them that make peace.” (James 3:13-18 ASV)
“1 Whence [come] wars and whence [come] fightings among you? [come they] not hence, [even] of your pleasures that war in your members?
2 Ye lust, and have not: ye kill, and covet, and cannot obtain: ye fight and war; ye have not, because ye ask not. 3 Ye ask, and receive not, because ye ask amiss, that ye may spend [it] in your pleasures.
4 Ye adulteresses, know ye not that the friendship of the world is enmity with God? Whosoever therefore would be a friend of the world maketh himself an enemy of God.
5 Or think ye that the scripture speaketh in vain? Doth the spirit which he made to dwell in us long unto envying? 6 But he giveth more grace. Wherefore [the scripture] saith, God resisteth the proud, but giveth grace to the humble.
7 Be subject therefore unto God; but resist the devil, and he will flee from you.
8 Draw nigh to God, and he will draw nigh to you. Cleanse your hands, ye sinners; and purify your hearts, ye doubleminded.
9 Be afflicted, and mourn, and weep: let your laughter be turned to mourning, and your joy to heaviness.
10 Humble yourselves in the sight of the Lord, and he shall exalt you.
11 Speak not one against another, brethren. He that speaketh against a brother, or judgeth his brother, speaketh against the law, and judgeth the law: but if thou judgest the law, thou art not a doer of the law, but a judge. 12 One [only] is the lawgiver and judge, [even] he who is able to save and to destroy: but who art thou that judgest thy neighbor?” (James 4:1-12 ASV)
“7 Be patient therefore, brethren, until the coming of the Lord. Behold, the husbandman waiteth for the precious fruit of the earth, being patient over it, until it receive the early and latter rain. 8 Be ye also patient; establish your hearts: for the coming of the Lord is at hand. 9 Murmur not, brethren, one against another, that ye be not judged: behold, the judge standeth before the doors. 10 Take, brethren, for an example of suffering and of patience, the prophets who spake in the name of the Lord.” (James 5:7-10 ASV)
“12 But above all things, my brethren, swear not, neither by the heaven, nor by the earth, nor by any other oath: but let your yea be yea, and your nay, nay; that ye fall not under judgment.
13 Is any among you suffering? Let him pray. Is any cheerful? Let him sing praise.
14 Is any among you sick? Let him call for the elders of the church; and let them pray over him, anointing him with oil in the name of the Lord: 15 and the prayer of faith shall save him that is sick, and the Lord shall raise him up; and if he have committed sins, it shall be forgiven him. 16 Confess therefore your sins one to another, and pray one for another, that ye may be healed. The supplication of a righteous man availeth much in its working.” (James 5:12-16 ASV)
“19 My brethren, if any among you err from the truth, and one convert him; 20 let him know, that he who converteth a sinner from the error of his way shall save a soul from death, and shall cover a multitude of sins.” (James 5:19-20 ASV)
*
Prestbury war memorial – northern face “God forbid that I should glory save in the cross of our Lord Jesus Christ”. On 864428. (Photo credit: Wikipedia)Please do find more articles about works of faith and faith without works:
- Counterfeit Gospels
- Daily Spiritual Food
- To prepare ourselves for the Kingdom of God
- We should use the Bible every day
- Seeing or not seeing and willingness to find God
- Coming to understanding from sayings written long ago
- No person has greater love than this one who surrendered his soul in behalf of his friends
- Eternity depends upon this short time on earth
- May reading the Bible provoke us into action to set our feet on the narrow way
- May the Lord direct your hearts to …
- Wanting to live in Christ’s city
- Act as if everything you think, say and do determines your entire life
- You cannot change anything in your life with intention alone
- Leading people astray!
- Restitution
- Relapse plan
- Outflow of foundational relationship based on acceptance of Jesus
- Our life depending on faith
- Not trying to make the heathen live like Jews #2
- Comments to James remarks, about Faith and works
- Luther’s misunderstanding
- January 27, 417, Pope Innocent I condemning Pelagius about Faith and Works
- Romans 4 and the Sacraments
- Is Justification a process?
- Justification – salvation is by grace through faith – JI Packer
- Faith itself not the cause of justification – Louis Berkhof
- Letter to the Romans, chapter 3
- Letter to the Romans, chapter 4
- Additional comments to the 3rd Letter to the Romans
- Additional comments to the Letter to the Romans 4
- Which is worse–works without faith, or faith without works?
- James 2:14-23 — Justified Dynamic Faith & works
- James 2:24 – You see then that a man is justified by works, and not by faith only.
- James 2:25. Likewise, was not Rahab the harlot also justified by works when she received the messengers and sent them out another way?
- Paul giving notice of the works we have to do
- The works we have to do according to James
- A god who gave his people commandments and laws he knew they never could keep to it
- Our relationship with God, Jesus and eachother
- The way of salvation
- A “seed” for the blessing of all mankind would come through the family of Abraham
- God works faith
- Faith is the belief that god will do what is right
- Christ’s ethical teaching
- Being Justified by faith
- Faith is knowing there is an ocean because you have seen a brook.
- Faith Requires a Basis
- Walking in love by faith, not by sight
- Faith Alone Does Not Save . . . No Matter How Many Times Protestants Say It Does
- A Living Faith #1 Substance of things hoped for
- A Living Faith #2 State of your faith
- A Living Faith #3 Faith put into action
- A Living Faith #4 Effort
- A Living Faith #5 Perseverance
- A Living Faith #6 Sacrifice
- Faith and works
- Sharing your faith
- Bearing fruit
- Observing the commandments and becoming doers of the Word
- Sow and harvests in the garden of your heart
- The first on the list of the concerns of the saint
- Be holy
- Back from gone #4 Your inner feelings and actions
- As Christ’s slaves doing the Will of God in gratitude
- 1 Corinthians 15 Hope in action
- Chief means by which men are built up
- Not to play at Christianity
- To be established in the present truth
- Control your destiny or somebody else will
- She who sows thistles will reap prickles
- Love for each other attracting others
- When not seeing or not finding a biblically sound church
- Share your faith
- Outflow of foundational relationship based on acceptance of Jesus
- Faith, storms and actions to be taken
- The longer you wait
+++
Other related articles
- True Word Of God
- We are All a Work in Progress!
- My Chains Are Gone
- The Ripple in the Rift
- The Power of Your Thoughts
- shortcoming…
- What does the term, “the sky’s the limit mean to you?”
- Righteousness pt 7
- Part 1: Gaze on God and Imitate What You See
- The New Has Come…
- Parashat Mishpatim. What is the purpose of mitzvot?
- A Rant On Atheists and Religious Nut Cases.
- Dead Faith – James 2:14-18
- Spiritual Guidance for Feb. 8-14
- To be joyful is the reward
- Alive
- The light and rebirth
- Reborn
- Reborn (Insert clever domain name)
- Regenerate
- Awkward but Unashamed…
- Made new through adoption
- To be reborn to never die
- Mindfulness of God Part 2 (Bonus)
- Go Tell It!
- Bread of life
- Wisdom brings more wisdom
- Be Born Anew!
- They are Reborn
- Thought for the Day
- John Chapter 1
- for us + spirit
+++
Further related articles
- Hope (poemotherapishoppe.com)
- Scripture Verse of The Week ‘Romans 5 Verse 1’ (mylordmyfriend.com)
- Sin (achristianmeditation.wordpress.com)
- Faith is the Key (heartfixxer.wordpress.com)
- Respect For All (itakeoffthemask.com)
- ‘You Don’t Have to Become Somebody Else for God to Love You!’ (blessedmag2.wordpress.com)
- Joy Unspeakable (mylordmyfriend.com)
- Queering the Christian Experience (daily.jstor.org)
- Won’t Get Fooled Again? Machen on Old-School “Jesus v. The Bible” Liberalism (derekzrishmawy.com)
- Sometimes We Need To Slow Down, Be Still And Recognize….That HE IS GOD (brandinicolejm.wordpress.com)
Rate this:
#Abraham #ActionsToBeTaken #Adultery #AmbassadorsOfChrist #AskingGod #AskingInFaith #BeAfflicted #BecomeLikeChrist #BecomingAChristian #BecomingInChrist #BeingInChrist #BeingOfGod #BeingOfTheWorld #BeingOfUnderstanding #BeingSick #BeingUnstable #BeingWise #BeliefInChrist #BelieveInChrist #BelieveInGod #BelieveInMessiah #BelievingInGod #BelievingInSonOfGod #BibleReading #BloodOfChrist #BodyApartFromTheSpirit #BrotherlyLove #CallingForElders #ChristianFaith #Clothing #ClothingOthers #ConfessOneToAnother #Confession #Confusion #Control #Covet #CurseOfDeath #DeadFaith #Discrimination #DivineCreator #DoersOfTheWord #DoingTheWillOfGod #DoublemindedPerson #Doubt #DoubtingMan #DrawNighToGod #EnmityWithGod #EnteringInGodSKingdom #EnteringIntoGodSRest #EntranceToGodSKingdom #Faction #FactionInYourHeart #Faith #FaithAndWorks #FaithApartFromWorks #FaithOfAbraham #FeedingOthers #Fighting #Filthiness #FindingGod #FindingWordOfGod #ForgivenessOfSins #Fornication #FriendshipOfTheWorld #FruitOfRighteousness #FulfillingTheRoyalLaw #Gift #GiftOfGrace #GoodFruits #GraceOfGod #HearersOfTheWord #Humble #HumblePeople #Humbleness #Hypocrisy #Jealousy #Judge #Judgement #JudgingOthers #JustificationByWorks #KeepingTheWholeLaw #Killing #LawOfLiberty #Lawgiver #LifeInChrist #LifeOfFaith #LivingInFaith #LookingIntoThePerfectLaw #LoveForOneAnother #LoveGod #LoveOfTheBrethren #LoveOneAnother #Lust #Meekness #MeeknessOfWisdom #MessageOfReconciliation #Messiah #MinistryOfReconciliation #Mourn #Mourning #NewCreation #NewPersonality #notKilling #Oath #OldPersonality #OneWithGod #Partiality #PassionOfLust #Pastors #Patience #Peacemaker #Pray #PreachingWork #ProofOfFaith #Proud #ProudPeople #ProvingOfOurFaith #PuttingAwayAllFilthiness #PuttingAwayAllWickedness #Rahab #Ransom #RansomOffer #Rebirth #Reborn #Reconciliation #RejectingGod #RejectingMan #RelationshipWithGod #RelationshipWithJesusChrist #Religion #ResistEvil #Respect #RespectForEachother #RighteousnessOfGod #RoyalLaw #SalvationThroughJesusChrist #Sanctification #SaviourChrist #ScriptureFulfilled #SelfControl #SentOneFromGod #ShowingMercy #SingPraise #Sinning #SlowToSpeak #SlowToWrath #SpeakingAgainstTheLaw #SpeakingOneAgainstAnother #SubjectUntoGod #Suffering #Supplication #Swearing #SwiftToHear #Temptation #toBePatient #toBeReligious #toComeIntoTheFaith #toCovet #toDoYourOwnBusiness #toEndureTemptation #toErr #toLackWisdom #toMakePeace #toMurmur #toPreach #toSwear #toTakeAction #toWorkWithYourHands #Transgression #Transgressor #Uncleanness #VileDeed #Visiting #WaitingUntoGod #War #WayOfLiving #Weep #Wickedness #WillOfGod #Wisdom #WordOfGod #WorkOfFaith #WorksOfFaith #WorksOfTheLaw #Wrath #WrathOfMan
-
When having found faith through the study of the Bible we do need to do works of faith
When we have found the Word of God and started reading the Bible with an open mind, letting the words come to us like they are written, it shall transform our inner self, if we allow it to do that.
When we do come into the faith, believing in One God and believing in His only begotten son, to be the sent one from God and the Messiah, our saviour, we shall have to take actions. We shall not be able to continue to live like we did before.
Faith demands action. Faith demands works.
We do know that there are lots of pastors who say contrary, but be aware that rabbi Jeshua taught his followers to be prudent and to be alert, doing the right things are otherwise they could miss the opportunity to enter God’s Kingdom.
It is true that we have received the free Gift of the Grace of God by the Blood of Christ. But it is not because we are giving a whitewashing of sins by the ransom offer of Christ Jesus, that we can do whatever we want. No. Once we come into the faith we shall have to do the works of faith. In case we do not do those works of the Law our faith shall be like a dead faith, not bringing us far.
When from our bible reading we got to see that Jesus is the Way and that we have to become one like he is one with God we shall have to work on ourselves to become like Jesus. It shall take many works to come in Christ and becoming “a new creation“. Than the old person has to be set aside and a new person has to take you over, like you are reborn in this system of things, you not any more being of the world but being of God.
Thanks to the sent one from God and God accepting Jesus his offering as a payment for sins, salvation has come over us. But when becoming a Christian we are at a new starting point, saved from the curse of death. This we have to keep so, which shall demand lots of works, keeping ourselves under control.
God reconciled us to Himself through Christ and gave us the ministry of reconciliation. Given a free way now we have to keep our good relationship with This Divine Creator and with His son. That God was reconciling the world to himself in Christ, not counting men’s sins against them does not give us now a free way to continue sinning. God has committed to us the message of reconciliation. Therefore we have to be Christ’s ambassadors, as though God were making His appeal through us. Jesus asked his disciples to go out into the world and to proclaim the Gospel message of the coming Kingdom of God. This is a very important work we do have to do. This we only can do properly when we live according to what we preach.
We implore you on Christ’s behalf: Be reconciled to God and start doing the works of faith.
Let us have a look at what the Bible itself says about Faith and Works.
“17 Wherefore if any man is in Christ, {1} [he is] a new creature: the old things are passed away; behold, they are become new. {1) Or, there is [a new creation]} 18 But all things are of God, who reconciled us to himself through Christ, and gave unto us the ministry of reconciliation; 19 to wit, that God was in Christ reconciling the world unto himself, not reckoning unto them their trespasses, and having {1} committed unto us the word of reconciliation. {1) Or [placed in us]}20 We are ambassadors therefore on behalf of Christ, as though God were entreating by us: we beseech [you] on behalf of Christ, be ye reconciled to God.” (2 Corinthians 5:17-20 ASV)
“3 For this is the will of God, [even] your sanctification, that ye abstain from fornication; 4 that each one of you know how to possess himself of his own vessel in sanctification and honor, 5 not in the passion of lust, even as the Gentiles who know not God; 6 that no man transgress, and wrong his brother in the matter: because the Lord is an avenger in all these things, as also we forewarned you and testified.
7 For God called us not for uncleanness, but in sanctification. 8 Therefore he that rejecteth, rejecteth not man, but God, who giveth his Holy Spirit unto you.
9 But concerning love of the brethren ye have no need that one write unto you: for ye yourselves are taught of God to love one another; 10 for indeed ye do it toward all the brethren that are in all Macedonia. But we exhort you, brethren, that ye abound more and more; 11 and that ye study to be quiet, and to do your own business, and to work with your hands, even as we charged you; 12 that ye may walk becomingly toward them that are without, and may have need of nothing.” (1 Thessalonians 4:3-12 ASV)
“2 Count it all joy, my brethren, when ye fall into manifold temptations; 3 Knowing that the proving of your faith worketh patience. 4 And let patience have [its] perfect work, that ye may be perfect and entire, lacking in nothing.
5 But if any of you lacketh wisdom, let him ask of God, who giveth to all liberally and upbraideth not; and it shall be given him. 6 But let him ask in faith, nothing doubting: for he that doubteth is like the surge of the sea driven by the wind and tossed.
7 For let not that man think that he shall receive anything of the Lord; 8 a doubleminded man, unstable in all his ways. 9 But let the brother of low degree glory in his high estate: 10 and the rich, in that he is made low: because as the flower of the grass he shall pass away.” (James 1:2-10 ASV)
“12 Blessed is the man that endureth temptation; for when he hath been approved, he shall receive the crown of life, which [the Lord] promised to them that love him.
13 Let no man say when he is tempted, I am tempted of God; for God cannot be tempted with evil, and he himself tempteth no man: 14 but each man is tempted, when he is drawn away by his own lust, and enticed.
15 Then the lust, when it hath conceived, beareth sin: and the sin, when it is fullgrown, bringeth forth death.” (James 1:12-15 ASV)“19 Ye know [this], my beloved brethren. But let every man be swift to hear, slow to speak, slow to wrath: 20 for the wrath of man worketh not the righteousness of God. 21 Wherefore putting away all filthiness and overflowing of wickedness, receive with meekness the implanted word, which is able to save your souls.
22 But be ye doers of the word, and not hearers only, deluding your own selves. 23 For if any one is a hearer of the word and not a doer, he is like unto a man beholding his natural face in a mirror: 24 for he beholdeth himself, and goeth away, and straightway forgetteth what manner of man he was. 25 But he that looketh into the perfect law, the [law] of liberty, and [so] continueth, being not a hearer that forgetteth but a doer that worketh, this man shall be blessed in his doing. 26 If any man thinketh himself to be religious, while he bridleth not his tongue but deceiveth his heart, this man’s religion is vain. 27 Pure religion and undefiled before our God and Father is this, to visit the fatherless and widows in their affliction, [and] to keep oneself unspotted from the world.” (James 1:19-27 ASV)
“1 My brethren, hold not the faith of our Lord Jesus Christ, [the Lord] of glory, with respect of persons. 2 For if there come into your synagogue a man with a gold ring, in fine clothing, and there come in also a poor man in vile clothing; 3 and ye have regard to him that weareth the fine clothing, and say, Sit thou here in a good place; and ye say to the poor man, Stand thou there, or sit under my footstool; 4 do ye not make distinctions among yourselves, and become judges with evil thoughts?” (James 2:1-4 ASV)
“8 Howbeit if ye fulfil the royal law, according to the scripture, Thou shalt love thy neighbor as thyself, ye do well: 9 but if ye have respect of persons, ye commit sin, being convicted by the law as transgressors. 10 For whosoever shall keep the whole law, and yet stumble in one [point], he is become guilty of all.
11 For he that said, Do not commit adultery, said also, Do not kill. Now if thou dost not commit adultery, but killest, thou art become a transgressor of the law.
12 So speak ye, and so do, as men that are to be judged by a law of liberty. 13 For judgment [is] without mercy to him that hath showed no mercy: mercy glorieth against judgment.
14 What doth it profit, my brethren, if a man say he hath faith, but have not works? can that faith save him?
15 If a brother or sister be naked and in lack of daily food, 16 and one of you say unto them, Go in peace, be ye warmed and filled; and yet ye give them not the things needful to the body; what doth it profit?
17 Even so faith, if it have not works, is dead in itself.
18 Yea, a man will say, Thou hast faith, and I have works: show me thy faith apart from [thy] works, and I by my works will show thee [my] faith.
19 Thou believest that God is one; thou doest well: the demons also believe, and shudder. 20 But wilt thou know, O vain man, that faith apart from works is barren?
21 Was not Abraham our father justified by works, in that he offered up Isaac his son upon the altar? 22 Thou seest that faith wrought with his works, and by works was faith made perfect; 23 and the scripture was fulfilled which saith, And Abraham believed God, and it was reckoned unto him for righteousness; and he was called the friend of God.
24 Ye see that by works a man is justified, and not only by faith.
25 And in like manner was not also Rahab the harlot justified by works, in that she received the messengers, and sent them out another way? 26 For as the body apart from the spirit is dead, even so faith apart from works is dead.” (James 2:8-26 ASV)
“13 Who is wise and understanding among you? let him show by his good life his works in meekness of wisdom. 14 But if ye have bitter jealousy and faction in your heart, glory not and lie not against the truth. 15 This wisdom is not [a wisdom] that cometh down from above, but is earthly, sensual, devilish. 16 For where jealousy and faction are, there is confusion and every vile deed. 17 But the wisdom that is from above is first pure, then peaceable, gentle, easy to be entreated, full of mercy and good fruits, without variance, without hypocrisy. 18 And the fruit of righteousness is sown in peace for them that make peace.” (James 3:13-18 ASV)
“1 Whence [come] wars and whence [come] fightings among you? [come they] not hence, [even] of your pleasures that war in your members?
2 Ye lust, and have not: ye kill, and covet, and cannot obtain: ye fight and war; ye have not, because ye ask not. 3 Ye ask, and receive not, because ye ask amiss, that ye may spend [it] in your pleasures.
4 Ye adulteresses, know ye not that the friendship of the world is enmity with God? Whosoever therefore would be a friend of the world maketh himself an enemy of God.
5 Or think ye that the scripture speaketh in vain? Doth the spirit which he made to dwell in us long unto envying? 6 But he giveth more grace. Wherefore [the scripture] saith, God resisteth the proud, but giveth grace to the humble.
7 Be subject therefore unto God; but resist the devil, and he will flee from you.
8 Draw nigh to God, and he will draw nigh to you. Cleanse your hands, ye sinners; and purify your hearts, ye doubleminded.
9 Be afflicted, and mourn, and weep: let your laughter be turned to mourning, and your joy to heaviness.
10 Humble yourselves in the sight of the Lord, and he shall exalt you.
11 Speak not one against another, brethren. He that speaketh against a brother, or judgeth his brother, speaketh against the law, and judgeth the law: but if thou judgest the law, thou art not a doer of the law, but a judge. 12 One [only] is the lawgiver and judge, [even] he who is able to save and to destroy: but who art thou that judgest thy neighbor?” (James 4:1-12 ASV)
“7 Be patient therefore, brethren, until the coming of the Lord. Behold, the husbandman waiteth for the precious fruit of the earth, being patient over it, until it receive the early and latter rain. 8 Be ye also patient; establish your hearts: for the coming of the Lord is at hand. 9 Murmur not, brethren, one against another, that ye be not judged: behold, the judge standeth before the doors. 10 Take, brethren, for an example of suffering and of patience, the prophets who spake in the name of the Lord.” (James 5:7-10 ASV)
“12 But above all things, my brethren, swear not, neither by the heaven, nor by the earth, nor by any other oath: but let your yea be yea, and your nay, nay; that ye fall not under judgment.
13 Is any among you suffering? Let him pray. Is any cheerful? Let him sing praise.
14 Is any among you sick? Let him call for the elders of the church; and let them pray over him, anointing him with oil in the name of the Lord: 15 and the prayer of faith shall save him that is sick, and the Lord shall raise him up; and if he have committed sins, it shall be forgiven him. 16 Confess therefore your sins one to another, and pray one for another, that ye may be healed. The supplication of a righteous man availeth much in its working.” (James 5:12-16 ASV)
“19 My brethren, if any among you err from the truth, and one convert him; 20 let him know, that he who converteth a sinner from the error of his way shall save a soul from death, and shall cover a multitude of sins.” (James 5:19-20 ASV)
*
Prestbury war memorial – northern face “God forbid that I should glory save in the cross of our Lord Jesus Christ”. On 864428. (Photo credit: Wikipedia)Please do find more articles about works of faith and faith without works:
- Counterfeit Gospels
- Daily Spiritual Food
- To prepare ourselves for the Kingdom of God
- We should use the Bible every day
- Seeing or not seeing and willingness to find God
- Coming to understanding from sayings written long ago
- No person has greater love than this one who surrendered his soul in behalf of his friends
- Eternity depends upon this short time on earth
- May reading the Bible provoke us into action to set our feet on the narrow way
- May the Lord direct your hearts to …
- Wanting to live in Christ’s city
- Act as if everything you think, say and do determines your entire life
- You cannot change anything in your life with intention alone
- Leading people astray!
- Restitution
- Relapse plan
- Outflow of foundational relationship based on acceptance of Jesus
- Our life depending on faith
- Not trying to make the heathen live like Jews #2
- Comments to James remarks, about Faith and works
- Luther’s misunderstanding
- January 27, 417, Pope Innocent I condemning Pelagius about Faith and Works
- Romans 4 and the Sacraments
- Is Justification a process?
- Justification – salvation is by grace through faith – JI Packer
- Faith itself not the cause of justification – Louis Berkhof
- Letter to the Romans, chapter 3
- Letter to the Romans, chapter 4
- Additional comments to the 3rd Letter to the Romans
- Additional comments to the Letter to the Romans 4
- Which is worse–works without faith, or faith without works?
- James 2:14-23 — Justified Dynamic Faith & works
- James 2:24 – You see then that a man is justified by works, and not by faith only.
- James 2:25. Likewise, was not Rahab the harlot also justified by works when she received the messengers and sent them out another way?
- Paul giving notice of the works we have to do
- The works we have to do according to James
- A god who gave his people commandments and laws he knew they never could keep to it
- Our relationship with God, Jesus and eachother
- The way of salvation
- A “seed” for the blessing of all mankind would come through the family of Abraham
- God works faith
- Faith is the belief that god will do what is right
- Christ’s ethical teaching
- Being Justified by faith
- Faith is knowing there is an ocean because you have seen a brook.
- Faith Requires a Basis
- Walking in love by faith, not by sight
- Faith Alone Does Not Save . . . No Matter How Many Times Protestants Say It Does
- A Living Faith #1 Substance of things hoped for
- A Living Faith #2 State of your faith
- A Living Faith #3 Faith put into action
- A Living Faith #4 Effort
- A Living Faith #5 Perseverance
- A Living Faith #6 Sacrifice
- Faith and works
- Sharing your faith
- Bearing fruit
- Observing the commandments and becoming doers of the Word
- Sow and harvests in the garden of your heart
- The first on the list of the concerns of the saint
- Be holy
- Back from gone #4 Your inner feelings and actions
- As Christ’s slaves doing the Will of God in gratitude
- 1 Corinthians 15 Hope in action
- Chief means by which men are built up
- Not to play at Christianity
- To be established in the present truth
- Control your destiny or somebody else will
- She who sows thistles will reap prickles
- Love for each other attracting others
- When not seeing or not finding a biblically sound church
- Share your faith
- Outflow of foundational relationship based on acceptance of Jesus
- Faith, storms and actions to be taken
- The longer you wait
+++
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- My Chains Are Gone
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- shortcoming…
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- Righteousness pt 7
- Part 1: Gaze on God and Imitate What You See
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- Parashat Mishpatim. What is the purpose of mitzvot?
- A Rant On Atheists and Religious Nut Cases.
- Dead Faith – James 2:14-18
- Spiritual Guidance for Feb. 8-14
- To be joyful is the reward
- Alive
- The light and rebirth
- Reborn
- Reborn (Insert clever domain name)
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- Made new through adoption
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- Mindfulness of God Part 2 (Bonus)
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+++
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"Just Like Jesse James" is a song recorded by American singer and actress #Cher for her nineteenth album, #HeartOfStone (1989). It was released as the third North American and second European #single in October 1989, by #GeffenRecords. The song was written by #DesmondChild and #DianeWarren, and produced by Child. It was a December 1989 top-ten hit. The song's title is a reference to legendary Wild West bandit #JesseJames.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QpK-CHNBYgM -
"Just Like Jesse James" is a song recorded by American singer and actress #Cher for her nineteenth album, #HeartOfStone (1989). It was released as the third North American and second European #single in October 1989, by #GeffenRecords. The song was written by #DesmondChild and #DianeWarren, and produced by Child. It was a December 1989 top-ten hit. The song's title is a reference to legendary Wild West bandit #JesseJames.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WFvJMTRdOgY -
"Just Like Jesse James" is a song recorded by American singer and actress #Cher for her nineteenth album, #HeartOfStone (1989). It was released as the third North American and second European #single in October 1989, by #GeffenRecords. The song was written by #DesmondChild and #DianeWarren, and produced by Child. It was a December 1989 top-ten hit. The song's title is a reference to legendary Wild West bandit #JesseJames.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QpK-CHNBYgM -
"Just Like Jesse James" is a song recorded by American singer and actress #Cher for her nineteenth album, #HeartOfStone (1989). It was released as the third North American and second European #single in October 1989, by #GeffenRecords. The song was written by #DesmondChild and #DianeWarren, and produced by Child. It was a December 1989 top-ten hit. The song's title is a reference to legendary Wild West bandit #JesseJames.
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BEGATS AND BEQUEATHALS @begatsandbequeathalsasouthernusfamilydocumented.com@begatsandbequeathalsasouthernusfamilydocumented.com ·
Griffith James (abt. 1725? – 1795): Washington County, Maryland, Years, 1763-1793
Frederick County, Maryland, Deed Bk. J, pp. 652-3Or, Subtitled: “A True Copy of the Free Male Taxibils of Sharpsburgh and Lower Antietam Hundred”
In the first posting in this series tracking the history of Griffith James (abt. 1725? – 1795), I focused on the first documentation I’ve found for him in the place in which he lived near Sharpsburg, Maryland, from at least September 1763 to 1793, when he moved from Maryland to Pendleton District, South Carolina. As that posting shows, by September 1763, Griffith James had acquired from Joseph Chapline, founder of Sharpsburg, a 75-acre tract called Pough just southeast of Sharpsburg, on which he lived continuously from September 1763 (and probably earlier than this) until May 1792, when he sold Pough before making his move to South Carolina. In the posting that follows, I’ll survey records for Griffith James in Frederick County (the parent county of Washington County) and Washington County, from 1763 until he made his move to South Carolina in 1793.
1760-1770
As the previous posting indicates, Joseph Chapline founded the town of Sharpsburg in 1763 and the following year, he laid out a plan for the new town, consisting of 187 lots located around the freshwater spring that was a primary attraction of the new town, with each lot measuring 103 feet wide by 206 feet long.
Immediately after the town was laid out, Griffith James purchased one of the lots in the new town [see the digital images at the head of this posting]. On 16 June 1764, he bought lot 66 from a Richard Dean who had the same name as the man whose son Samuel married Griffith’s daughter Gwendolyn, but is an entirely different man.[1] We can ascertain that this Richard Dean is not the Richard who was father of Samuel because various documents tell us that Richard Dean’s wife was named Priscilla, and the wife relinquishing dower for the sale of lot 66 in June 1764 was named Catherine. Beverly Dean Peoples has done valuable research on Richard and wife Catherine, and finds that the Richard Dean selling Sharpsburg lot 66 to Griffith James in June 1764 was a free man of color whose wife Catherine was the daughter of Robert Pearl, a mulatto freeman of Carrollton Manor, Maryland.[2]
The deed recording Richard Dean’s sale of lot 66 to Griffith James notes that the agreement of sale was made on the 16th and the deed was then recorded on 22 June 1764. The deed contains no information about the lot itself other than its measurements, which conform to the description given above of the lots in Sharpsburg as they were laid out: they were 103 feet wide by 206 feet long. Since the deed speaks of appurtenances, it’s possible that there was a structure standing on the lot when Griffith James bought it. He paid Richard Dean 55 shillings for the property, with a stipulation included in the deed that Griffith was to pay Joseph Chapline 3s 6d annually as quitrent. Richard Dean signed by mark with Joseph Smith and Peter Bainbridge witnessing and with wife Catherine relinquishing dower.
Frederick County, Maryland, Deed Bk. K, pp. 818-9Griffith James did not hold onto lot 66 for long. On 25 October 1766, he sold the lot to Robert Cockburn for a shilling; if he had invested in this lot for profit, his investment definitely did not yield a hearty return.[3] Perhaps Griffith was indebted to Robert and used the lot to satisfy a debt? Robert Cockburn was a Scotsman who had ties to the Chapline family and was teaching the English-speaking children of Shepherdstown, Virginia (now West Virginia) by 1762. When Berkeley County was formed in 1772, he was appointed surveyor of that county.[4] As the previous posting notes, when Joseph Chapline’s father William moved west from eastern Maryland before 1730, he settled on the Potomac four miles above Shepherdstown.
Again, the deed for the October 1766 sale of lot 66 contains no information about the lot other than its measurements (as stated previously) and a clause indicating that any appurtenances on the lot were included in the sale, and that Cockburn was to pay quitrent annually to Chapline. Griffith signed his name with Joseph Smith and Samuel Beall Jr. witnessing. On 23 October, Griffith signed receipt for Cockburn’s payment of a shilling, and on the 25th, he acknowledged the deed with wife Mary relinquishing dower. Note that this document indicates that Griffith was married by October 1766 to the Mary who is named as his dear wife Mary in his 20 April 1795 will in Pendleton District, South Carolina, cited in the previous posting.[5] I have seen no information suggesting to me that the wife Mary of the 1766 deed was a different Mary than the wife named in Griffith’s 1795 will. By 1766, Griffith and Mary had children Hannah, Gwendolyn, Thomas, Joseph, and Mary, and it’s possible their sons John and Samuel, whose dates of birth are not easy to ascertain, had also been born by this date.
Note the name Samuel Beall Jr. in the preceding deed: this is the Samuel Beall named in Joseph Chapline’s 4 September 1763 agreement establishing his ironworks on the Antietam near Sharpsburg, with Samuel Beall as one of his business partners in this venture.[6] As the previous posting shows, this agreement mentions Griffith James, noting that Chapline was excluding from the agreement 215 acres he had sold to Daniel Moore and Griffith James. The linked posting also points out that Samuel Beall was a first cousin of Alexander Beall, under whom Robert Leonard, father of Thomas Leonard who married Griffith James’ daughter Hannah, served at Fort Frederick near Hagerstown in the 1750s. Samuel Beall lived at Hagerstown and the 15 October 1774 will he made there identifies him as Samuel Beall Jr.[7]
Another name in both the June 1764 deed showing Richard Dean selling lot 66 to Griffith James and the October 1766 deed recording Griffith’s sale of the lot to Robert Cockburn deserves attention: Joseph Smith witnessed both deeds. Smith was a prominent settler in this part of Maryland, an associate of both Joseph Chapline and his business partner Samuel Beall. An English immigrant, in 1749 Joseph Smith patented tracts in Frederick (later Washington) County called Elwicks Dwellings and Smiths Purchase.[8] On 12 October 1761, he was an appraiser of the estate of Joseph Chapline’s father-in-law William Williams in Frederick County.[9]
Frederick County, Maryland, Deed Bk. K, pp. 453On 27 July 1767 the Frederick County court rendered judgment for Griffith James in a supersedeas suit he had filed against Stephen Bennet, Wm. Bleakley, and Richard Moore.[10] The record of the verdict states that the judgment was recorded 18 August 1767, and contains no further information about the basis of the lawsuit. Richard Moore is, it seems clear, the son of Daniel Moore, whose Mores Delight land adjoined Griffith James’ Pough, and who, as the posting I’ve just linked indicates, may have married Mary Dean, a sister of Samuel Dean who married Gwendolyn James, sister to Griffith James’ wife Hannah. Daniel Moore’s son Richard was old enough to have a child born by 1777, so he was certainly of age in 1767.[11]
On 24 March 1769, Griffith James witnessed the will of George Laurance in Frederick County, Maryland.[12] On 8 August 1769, Griffith and the other witness to the will, Sarah Reed, proved the will at county court. The will and probate bond show George with a wife Mary. I have not been able to find any more information about either George Laurance or Sarah Reed.
As the previous posting indicates, on 25 July 1769, David Ross, one of Joseph Chapline’s business partners in the ironworks operation, had a grant in Frederick County for 8,025 acres that included a tract called Boston, Resurvey of Little I Thought It, and part of Keep Trieste, Dutch Loss, and Mill Place. The survey shows the land granted to Ross bordering both Griffith James’s Pough and Chapline’s Hunting the Hare tract, part of which he sold to Richard Dean (Deans Purchase), father of Samuel Dean who married Gwendolyn James, and part, I think, to Daniel Moore (More’s Delight)P. As the linked posting shows, Arthur Tracey’s index card for this grant and his map of patent locations for Washington County states that Pough was next to Keep Trieste, Boston, and Little I Thought It.[13]
Beverly Dean Peoples has sent me a transcript of a page of Frederick County court minutes that appear to date from 1769, showing the county court issuing an order for a road from Samuel Beall’s mills to cross the Antietam at the ford where Andrew House lives and then to run from the mills run to the landing on the Potomac below Rachel Vandever. From there, the road was to go on the upper side of Daniel Moore’s plantation and Peter Hill’s through John Kissinger’s to join the road leading from Fredericktown at Jacob Russell’s, and from the mill up the branch where Griffith James lived and along the eastern branch of Antietam Creek to the landing at the mouth of the creek. Another road order in the November 1770 county court minutes mentions the same road coordinates and indicates that Griffith James had been appointed overseer for this road.
1770-1790
On 6 May 1774, a Griffith James who is a different Griffith James from the man living in the vicinity of Sharpsburg in then Frederick County, Maryland, witnessed the will of Margaret Williams of Radnor township in Chester County, Pennsylvania. The will made a bequest of ￡5 to Mary, wife of Griffith James.[14]
Because the Griffith James witnessing this will had a wife named Mary and was a contemporary of the man living near Sharpsburg, one family tree after another online and in published sources has conflated the Griffith James witnessing Margaret Williams’ will with the man living near Sharpsburg. But the Griffith James witnessing this will lived in Radnor township in Chester County, Pennsylvania, where he married a wife named Mary Gyger, and where that couple lived to the end of their lives — while the Griffith James residing on the Pough tract just southeast of Sharpsburg lived there continuously from at least September 1763 (and probably earlier) until he sold this piece of land in May 1792 and then moved the following year to Pendleton District, South Carolina. I’ll discuss the 1792 land sale and move to South Carolina later.
On 24 December 1774, Griffith James appears in a list of those with stray livestock in Frederick County.[15] After September 1776 forward, when Washington County was set off from Frederick, documents for Griffith James are filed in Washington County records.
“Unpublished Revolutionary Records of Maryland, List of Patriots Who Took the Oath of Fidelity and Support to the Government,” National Genealogical Society Quarterly 6,1 (April 1917), pp. 12-13On 2 March 1778, Griffith James took the oath of allegiance in Lower Antietam Hundred of Washington County.[16] Griffith’s name appears in the list of oathtakers compiled by Chr. Cruso as “James, Grifet.”
As the preceding posting notes, in 1783, Griffith James was taxed in Lower Antietam Hundred of Washington County for the Pough property, with the acreage given as 100 acres.[17] The tax list states that this property comprised 60 acres of woods and 40 acres arable. Griffith was also taxed for four horses and eight beef cattle.
The posting I’ve just linked also states, though we know from Joseph Chapline’s September 1763 ironworks deed that he had already sold Griffith James the Pough tract by that date and Griffith was taxed for the land in 1783, it was not until 10 April 1787 that the executors of Joseph Chapline, his sons Joseph and James, officially sold Pough to Griffith James.[18] The deed states that the land was sold for￡5, and it gives the name of the tract as Pough, noting that the tract consisted of 75 acres. The deed was signed by Joseph and James Chapline with John Still and Alexander Clagett witnessing, and was recorded on the same day.
14 February 1788 in Washington County, Griffith James witnessed the will of Richard Dean, Griffith’s neighbor at Deans Purchase whose son Samuel married Griffith’s daughter Gwendolyn.[19] Witnessing the will with Griffith were John Ritchie, Hannah Codd, and William Gregory, who were the three witnesses proving the will on 7 April 1788 when Richard’s widow Priscilla presented it for probate.
1790s
As the previous posting states, Griffith James is enumerated on the 1790 census in Washington County, Maryland with a household comprised of two males aged 16 and over, one male aged under 15, and two females.[20] Listed next to Griffith is his son Joseph James, with one male over 16, three males under 16, and three females in his household.
Washington County, Maryland, Deed Bk. G, pp. 368-9On 12 April 1791, Griffith James’ son Joseph sold his father for￡50 a 50-acre portion of a tract called King Cole in Washington County.[21] Joseph James signed, with H. Shryock and Thomas Crampton witnessing, and on the day the deed was made, Joseph affirmed it before these witnesses.
Dr. Arthur G. Tracey patent/tract index and map locations for Carroll, Frederick, and Washington Counties,” Maryland State ArchivesAs a previous posting has noted, Joseph James obtained the King Cole tract from James Austin through Joseph’s marriage to James Austin’s daughter Elizabeth about 1791. The original King Cole tract consisted of 1,970 acres patented to Henry Crabb on 30 August 1754.[22] Arthur Tracey’s index card in his list of patents in Carroll, Frederick, and Washington Counties shows King Cole lying next to the Antietam ironworks. In 1769, Jeremiah Beall owned 246 acres of King Cole, and the 9 April 1759 will of Alexander Beall stipulates that King Cole, a parcel of 246½ acres, was to go to Beall’s son Magruder.[23] As has been noted in previous postings (e.g., here and here), Alexander Beall was the commanding officer of Robert Leonard, whose son Thomas Leonard married Griffith James’ daughter Hannah, in the 1750s when Robert Leonard was stationed as a soldier at Fort Frederick near Hagerstown. Alexander was a first cousin of Joseph Chapline’s business partner Samuel Beall, who lived at Hagerstown.
Washington County, Maryland, Deed Bk. G, p. 666On 3 March 1792, Griffith James bought from Stephen Yates, both of Washington County, for ￡65 an enslaved boy named Phill, aged 16 or 17.[24] William Good and Thomas Crampton witnessed this deed, which was recorded 13 April 1792.
Washington County, Maryland, Deed Bk. G, pp. 815-6Also on 3 March 1792, for ￡90, Griffith James and James Austin sold to Stephen Yates, all of Washington County, 50 acres of the King Cole tract, the portion that Griffith’s son Joseph had acquired by his marriage to James Austin’s daughter Elizabeth and had sold his father in April 1791.[25] Griffith James and James Austin both signed the deed with William Good and Thomas Crampton witnessing. The deed was recorded 30 August. No dower release for the land is recorded. The sale of this tract and the Pough land in May 1792 indicates that Griffith James was making preparations to move to South Carolina to join his children who had gone there in 1786. Griffith James’s son Joseph moved from Maryland to Kentucky in 1791.
Washington County, Maryland, Deed Bk. G, pp. 771-2On 13 May 1792, Griffith James sold this Pough tract to Robert Hoffman for ￡330.[26] The deed names the land and states that it contained 75 acres. Griffith James signed with witnesses Thomas Crampton and William Good, and the deed was recorded on the 12th [sic] with Griffith’s wife Mary releasing her dower interest on that date.
By 11 June 1794, when Hagerstown’s Washington Spy published a notice by Robert Hoffman cautioning persons from taking assignment on Hoffman’s bond given to Griffith James for £65, Griffith James and wife Mary had made their move to Pendleton District, South Carolina.[27] The context for this notice appears to be that a company named James Browns and Co. had dissolved on 6 May, and bills owed to the estate of that company were being called in.
We can know that Griffith and Mary James were in South Carolina by this point since Griffith appears, along with his son-in-law Thomas Leonard, as a witness to a deed of Jacob Herring to Griffith’s son-in-law Samuel Dean in Pendleton District on 17 June 1794.[28] The next posting in this series will survey Griffith James’ final years in Pendleton District.
[1] Frederick County, Maryland, Deed Bk. J, pp. 652-3.
[2] “Richard Deane (1701-1788) and His Children,” at Rootsweb. Beverly recommends to those seeking further information about the Pearl family Mary C. Jeske’s “Autonomy and Opportunity: Carrollton Manor Tenants, 1734-1790.”
[3] Frederick County, Maryland, Deed Bk. K, pp. 818-9.
[4] Danske Dandridge, Historic Shepherdstown (Charlottesville: Michie, 1910), p. 53; and Ted McGee, nomination form for Shepherdstown Historic District on National Register of Historic Places (2 April 1973), at the West Virginia Culture Center website.
[5] Anderson County, South Carolina, Will Bk. 1793-8, p. 82.
[6] Frederick County, Maryland, Deed Bk. J, pp. 793-804.
[7] Washington County, Maryland, Will Bk. A, pp. 13-16.
[8] History of West Virginia, Old and New, vol. 2: Biographical (Chicago and New York: American Historical Society, 1923), p. 180.
[9] “Joseph Chapline,” at Mike Marshall’s Early Colonial Settlers of Southern Maryland and Virginia’s Northern Neck Counties, citing the original appraisal record.
[10] Frederick County, Maryland, Deed Bk. K, p. 453.
[11] See Geolover, “Sarah’s Surprise — Part 1,” at West Virginia Family Tracks and Trails.
[12] Frederick County, Maryland, Will Bk. 37,2, pp. 422-3; and Bk. A-1, pp. 343-4.
[13] See Arthur G. Tracey’s patent/tract index and map locations for Carroll, Frederick, and Washington Counties at Maryland government’s Maryland History site.
[14] Philadelphia County, Pennsylvania, Will Bk. Q, p. 39.
[15] F. Edward Wright, Early Lists of Frederick Countians 1766-1775 (Silver Spring, Maryland: Family Line, 1986), p. 4.
[16] See “Unpublished Revolutionary Records of Maryland, List of Patriots Who Took the Oath of Fidelity and Support to the Government,” National Genealogical Society Quarterly 6,1 (April 1917), pp. 12-13; Henry C. Peden Jr., Revolutionary Patriots of Washington County, Maryland 1776-1783 (Westminster, Maryland: Family Line, 1998), p. 184; Raymond B. Clark Jr., Washington County, Maryland Records: Oaths of Allegiance, 1778, and Balance Books [Distributions] on Estates, 1778-1801 (St. Michaels, Maryland: Maryland and Delaware Genealogy, 1989], p. 3; and Margaret Roberts Hodges, Unpublished Revolutionary Records of Maryland, vol. 3: Oaths of Allegiance and Fidelity Taken in Washington County in 1778 (priv. publ., 1939), p. 35.
[17] “Washington County 1783 Tax Assessment,” Western Maryland Genealogy 7,4 (October 1991), p. 171; and “Assessment of 1783, Index,” citing Lower Antietam and Sharpsburg, p. 34 (MSA S1161-11-1. 1/4/5/54) at website of Maryland State Archives.
[18] Washington County, Maryland, Deed Bk. E, pp. 332-3.
[19] Washington County, Maryland, Will Bk. A, p. 168. The will spells the surname as Deane.
[20] 1790 federal census, Washington County, Maryland, p. 9.
[21] Washington County, Maryland, Deed Bk. G, pp. 368-9.
[22] See Edward C. Papenfuse and Sarah Patterson, “Dr. Arthur G. Tracey patent/tract index and map locations for Carroll, Frederick, and Washington Counties,” prepared by the Maryland State Archives in October 2009.
[23] Frederick County, Maryland, Will Bk. A, p. 127.
[24] Washington County, Maryland, Deed Bk. G, p. 666.
[25] Ibid., pp. 815-6.
[26] Ibid., po. 771-2.
[27] Washington Spy (Hagerstown, Maryland), p. 3, col. 3: see F. Edward Wright, Western Maryland Newspaper Abstracts 1786-1798 (Silver Spring, Maryland: Family Line Publications, 1985), p. 48, #335.
[28] Anderson County, South Carolina, Deed Bk. C & D, p. 360.
#AlexanderBeall #AlexanderClagett #AndersonCoSouthCarolina #AntietamCreekWashingtonCoMaryland #AntietamIronworks #BerkeleyCoVirginia #BerkeleyCoVirginiaWestVirginia #CatherinePearl #DanielMoore #DavidRoss #DeansPurchaseWashingtonCoMaryland #ElizabethAustin #ElwicksDwellingsWashingtonCoMaryland #EnslavedBoyPhill #familyHistory #FortFrederickWashingtonCoMaryland #FrederickCoMaryland #genealogy #GeorgeLaurance #GriffithJames #GwendolynJames #HShryock #HagerstownWashingtonCoMaryland #HannahCodd #HannahJames #HenryCrabb #history #JacobHerring #JacobRussell #JamesAustin #JamesChapline #JeremiahBeall #JohnJames #JohnKissinger #JohnRitchie #JohnStill #JosephChapline #JosephJames #JosephSmith #KingColeWashingtonCoMaryland #LittleIThoughtItWashingtonCoMaryland #MagruderBeall #MargaretWilliams #MaryDean #MaryGyger #MaryJames #MoresDelight #PendletonDistSouthCarolina #PeterBainbridge #PeterHill #PoughWashingtonCoMaryland #PrinceGeorgeSCoMaryland #RadnorTwpChesterCoPennsylvania #RichardDean #RichardDeane #RichardMoore #RobertCockburn #RobertHoffman #RobertLeonard #RobertPearl #SamuelBeall #SamuelJames #SarahReed #SharpsburgWashingtonCoMaryland #ShepherdstownJeffersonCoWestVirginia #SmithsPurchaseWashingtonCoMaryland #StephenBennet #StephenYates #ThomasCrampton #ThomasJames #ThomasLeonard #WashingtonCoMaryland #WilliamBleakley #WilliamGood #WilliamGregory #WilliamWilliams -
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Griffith James (abt. 1725? – 1795): Sharpsburg, Maryland, Beginnings
Frederick County, Maryland, Deed Bk. J, p. 799Or, Subtitled: “I have no tradition of her parents, except their nationality, they were Welch, but Hannah was born and reared in Maryland”
“Don’t know much about history”: Sam Cooke’s song “Wonderful World” is scrolling through my head as I launch a new series of postings, this one about Griffith James (abt. 1725? – 1795). Griffith James ties into my family tree through the marriage of his daughter Hannah (1752-1842) to Thomas Leonard about 1775 in Frederick County, Maryland. I’ve just finished a series of postings about the Leonard line. This new series about Griffith James follows that Leonard series, which began with the posting I’ve just linked, about Thomas Leonard (1752-1832), Hannah James’ husband. In a posting launching a previous series about my Lauderdale family line, I offer two charts showing my line of descent from Griffith James, James Lauderdale, and Robert Leonard, family lines that tied together in my family tree when Thomas Lewis Leonard (1781-1870) married Sarah M. Lauderdale (abt. 1785 – abt. 1866) — my 4th g-grandparents. (To read the continuation of this posting, please click the numeral 2 below.)
The reason Sam Cooke’s line “Don’t know much about history” has been playing in my head as I begin gathering and organizing my information about Griffith James is this: before I undertook this gathering and organizing process, if you’d asked me what I know about Griffith James, I’d have told you confidently that I have a considerable amount of information, and that I was fairly certain I could tell you a lot about his origins, where he came from, who his parents were.
But now, I’m not so sure about that. One of the advantages of working on postings here that gather, organize, and analyze genealogical material I’ve accumulated for over fifty years is that I have a chance to look at that material from new perspectives, to correct and expand it, and in some cases, to reframe entirely what I had thought I’d known about an ancestral figure. Griffith James is a case in point.
The Documentary Trail That Begins at Sharpsburg
I’ll illustrate this point in the following posting by talking about what I know with certainty about Griffith James from the point at which a documentary trail of him begins in the area of Sharpsburg in what eventually became Washington County, Maryland. I know nothing — not with any certainty — about Griffith James before he begins showing up in records of Frederick County, Maryland, Washington County’s parent county. Prior to that point, I have not found any reliable information about where he was born, who his parents were, or where he may have lived before he settled in Frederick County prior to September 1763.
I do not know precisely when Griffith James was born. As a previous posting has shown, the gravestone of his oldest child, his daughter Hannah, in the Leonard family cemetery near Petersburg, Tennessee, gives her birthdate as 2 November 1752. If Hannah was born to a young couple who had married not long prior to her birth, then it would appear that Griffith James and his wife, whose name appears in various records as Mary, would likely have been born in the time frame 1725-1735.[1] We’ll see later that Griffith made a will in Pendleton District, South Carolina, on 20 April 1795, which was recorded (with no probate date stated) on 12 April 1796, so he died in Pendleton District between those two dates.[2] A death date of 3 October 1795 appears in a study of the Dean family entitled Country Cousins: Descendants of Samuel Dean with no information about the source of this date.[3]
Griffith James’ wife Mary, who is named in his will as “my Dear wife Mary James,” outlived him and was still living as late as 1817 when the minutes of Mountain Creek Baptist church in Pendleton District, of which Mary was a member, document a dispute between her and her daughter Mary, wife of Harmon Cummings, that began in April and continued until it was resolved in August 1817.[4] I have not found a document that provides a good indicator of when Griffith James’ wife Mary was born, or of her maiden surname.[5] As we’ll see in a moment, Thomas Dunlap Leonard, a grandson of Thomas Leonard and Hannah James, who compiled a history of the Leonard family in 1883 and who knew Thomas and Hannah personally, appears to have thought that Griffith James was married only once and that his first and only wife (i.e., Mary), whom Thomas D. Leonard does not name, was the mother of all the couple’s children.
Frederick County, Maryland, Deed Bk. J, p. 798, opening portion of ironworks agreementThe first absolutely certain record I’ve found for this Griffith James places him in Sharpsburg in what was then Frederick County by 4 September 1763. On 4 September 1763, Joseph Chapline made an agreement between himself and Samuel Beall, David Ross, and Richard Henderson to be partners in an ironworks to be erected in Frederick County. The agreement states that Joseph reserved to himself and his heirs his mill on the Antietam with 50 acres joining it, and that Joseph was also excluding from the land he was making available for the ironworks 215 acres he had sold to Daniel Moore and Griffith James.[6] This agreement was recorded 31 October 1765, but the agreement itself was dated 4 September 1763. (See the top of this posting for a snapshot of the section of the ironworks agreement stating that Chapline had sold 215 acres to Daniel Moore and Griffith James.)
I have searched Frederick County deeds for a deed made by Joseph Chapline to Daniel Moore and Griffith James prior to September 1763 without finding any such deed. What I do find are two separate deeds made, one to Daniel and one to Griffith, years down the road from 1763, after both men had been living with their families for years on the land that Chapline deeded to them, and which was clearly the land comprised in the 215 acres Daniel Moore and Griffith James had acquired from Joseph Chapline by September 1763.
As far as I can determine, Griffith James lived continuously on a tract of land just southeast of the town of Sharpsburg until May 1792, when he sold the Pough tract and then moved the following year to Pendleton District, South Carolina. Pough was a 75-acre tract contiguous to Hunting the Hare, one portion of which Richard Dean, whose son Samuel married Griffith James’ daughter Gwendolyn, owned, and another portion of which Daniel Moore seems to have acquired from Joseph Chapline.
Arthur G. Tracey’s patent/tract index and map locations for Carroll, Frederick, and Washington Counties at Maryland government’s Maryland History site Maryland Land Office Rent Rolls 1748-1775, p. 5 Arthur G. Tracey’s patent/tract index and map locations for Carroll, Frederick, and Washington Counties at Maryland government’s Maryland History site — note Hunting the Hare contiguous to PoughJoseph Chapline patented Pough on 23 November 1761.[7] The patent record states that the tract contained 75 acres, the same amount of land that Griffith James sold on 13 May 1792 when he sold Pough (the name for the land is given in this deed) before leaving Maryland for South Carolina.[8] Though Griffith James evidently lived continuously on this land from at least September 1763, he did not receive an official deed from the Chapline family for Pough until 10 April 1787, when Joseph and James Chapline, acting as executors of their father Joseph who died in 1769, sold Griffith the Pough tract for￡5.[9] This deed specifies again that Pough was a 75-acre tract.
Washington County, Maryland, Deed Bk. E, pp. 332-3Note the nominal price of￡5, far less than the￡330 for which Griffith James sold Pough in May 1792. This nominal price is another indicator that though this land, for which Griffith James appears on the tax list in Washington County in 1783, was Griffith’s home tract, Joseph Chapline (and then his estate) had retained the title of it for all the years on which Griffith lived on this piece of land.[10] The ￡5 also suggests to me that Griffith James may have lived on this land all the years he was at Sharpsburg as a kind of retainer of Joseph Chapline and his family, given use of a tract of land while not holding clear title to it as he lived on it. A retainer who may have had some kinship connection to Chapline? Or a retainer doing work of some kind to Chapline while cultivating his own patch of land?
After 1761 when Chapline patented Pough until 1768, I do not find Pough showing up in the Debt Books of the Provincial Land Office of Maryland. In 1768, it is listed as 75 acres belonging to heirs of Joseph Chapline, and it continues to appear in the Debt Books for Frederick County from 1770-1773, with the name given as “Tough.” Again, these documents indicate to me that Joseph Chapline perhaps had some special arrangement with Griffith James whereby he was living on Pough as its owner in the absence of a deed prior to April 1787, when Chapline’s heirs officially deeded the land to him — though, to repeat, a 1783 tax list for Washington County shows Griffith James taxed for this tract of land.
Washington County, Maryland, Deed Bk. R, pp. 181-2The story of Pough and Griffith James’ ownership and occupation of it parallels the story of Daniel Moore, who owned another portion of the 215 acres that he and Griffith James had acquired from Joseph Chapline prior to September 1763. Daniel Moore’s portion of the 215 acres was a tract of 138 acres named Mores Delight, which Joseph Chapline sold him on 17 August 1754 with the deed stating that Daniel Moore was living on this land when Chapline sold it to him in 1754, and that the land was on the waters of the Antietam.[11] But though Daniel Moore lived on this piece of land up to his death in 1792, the deed for the land was not recorded until 11 May 1805.
We know that Daniel Moore lived with his wife Mary on this 138-acre tract at the time of his death because the will that he made in Washington County on 1 January 1792 states this and leaves Mary the land: “I give and bequeath unto my loving & faithfull Wife Mary the whole of my Land and Plantation on which I now live Containing One Hundred and thirty Eight Acres.”[12] Daniel Moore was taxed for this land in 1783.[13]
As we’ve seen, Griffith James’ Pough tract consisted of 75 acres. Daniel Moore’s home tract, on which he was already living prior to August 1754 and on which he continued living to the end of his life, was 138 acres. Joseph Chapline’s September 1763 ironworks agreement states that he had sold Daniel Moore and Griffith James 215 acres by that date. Put these two pieces of land owned by Griffith James and Daniel Moore together, and you have a total of 213 acres, very close to the 215 acres cited by Joseph Chapline in his ironworks agreement.
I have not been able to find Mores Delight on lists of land patents and tracts in Washington County, so I’m not certain of its precise location. There has been confusion about whether the name of this piece of land is Moses’ Delight or Mores Delight, and this adds to the difficulty of finding its location. If Joseph Chapline’s September 1763 ironworks agreement excluded 215 acres he had sold to Daniel Moore and Griffith James from this agreement, it makes sense, I think, to assume that Daniel’s and Griffith’s pieces of land were in the same vicinity and perhaps adjoining.
Daniel Moore’s will states that he had a son Richard. The 1783 tax assessment for Washington County shows Richard Moore assessed for a 50-acre tract called Hunting the Hare. As a descendant of this Moore family who maintains the West Virginia Family Tracks and Trails blog notes, the 1790 federal census for Washington County shows Richard and Daniel Moore as immediate neighbors, and on 10 April 1790, Daniel Moore and wife Mary sold 50 acres described as part of a tract called Hunting the Hare.[14] This deed suggests to me that Daniel Moore’s 138-acre home tract, Mores Delight, was likely originally part of a larger tract of 250 acres called Hunting the Hare on Antietam Creek that Joseph Chapline patented on 13 November 1747 after having claimed the land on 9 April 1744.[15]
Arthur G. Tracey’s patent/tract index and map locations for Carroll, Frederick, and Washington Counties at Maryland government’s Maryland History site Prince George’s County, Maryland, Deed Bk. BB, pp. 396-7.On 22 March 1747, prior to his obtaining a patent for Hunting the Hare in November 1747, Joseph Chapline sold Richard Dean, both of Prince George’s County, 50 acres of land described as “Deans purches being part of a tract land called hunting the hair [sic].”[16] On 17 October 1747, Joseph Chapline acknowledged the deed with wife Ruhamah (née Williams) relinquishing dower rights, and on the same day, Joseph made a receipt to Richard for the £20 for which he had sold the land. The deed for this transaction is filed in Prince George’s County since the portion of Frederick County taken from Prince George’s in 1748 that became Washington County in 1776 was originally in Prince George’s.
As I stated previously, Richard Dean’s son Samuel married Griffith James’ daughter Gwendolyn about 1773 in Frederick County. We know that Richard Dean was in the location that would later become Sharpsburg along with Joseph Chapline as early as 1746, since the tax list for Antietam Hundred in Prince George’s County in that year shows both of these men taxed in that hundred.[17] This is not very long after Chapline arrived in this location around 1736, a point I’ll discuss in more detail later. Beverly Dean Peoples, the premier researcher of Richard Dean’s family, thinks that it’s entirely possible that Chapline brought Richard to the Sharpsburg area or Richard followed Chapline there due to some connection between the two men in eastern Maryland prior to Chapline’s decision to move west.
Beverly Peoples writes,[18]
When he came to this western most part of MD, Joseph brought with him men to build his home, settlers to clear the land, workers to build and work the Iron Works that he was establishing as well as men to defend the settlement from the Indians. Since this area was remote in the 1730’s and 40’s it is unlikely that many people arrived individually. Richard’s appearance in the 1740’s would possibly indicate he had contact with someone in the Chapline family in the eastern part of the state who had motivated him to [move] west.
It seems to me this is a thesis well worth considering. And given what appear to be close ties between Richard Dean, Griffith James, and Daniel Moore, I’d also suggest that it’s possible both Griffith and Daniel arrived in the Sharpsburg area not far down the road from Richard because they, too, had prior ties to Joseph Chapline and/or to Richard Dean. If Daniel Moore’s 138-acre homeplace was part of the original Hunting the Hare tract — and I think this may well have been the case — then he, Richard Dean, and Griffith Moore settled on adjoining tracts of land just southeast of Sharpsburg. Note the contiguity of Deans Purchase, Hunting the Hare, and Pough on this map of Sharpsburg that appears in Evelyn Vigdahl’s previously cited “Another Flooded River” article:[19]
Evelyn Vigdahl, “Another Flooded River Valley: The Deans of Huntingdon Co., Pennsylvania,” at Our Family HistoryGoogle Maps actually labels the “historic Moore farm” near the intersection of Burnside Bridge Road and Mills Road southeast of Sharpsburg as “Hunting the Hare.”[20] Both Pough and Deans Purchase are in this same location, near the intersection of Burnside Bridge Road and Mills Road.[21]
Google Maps snapshot of Hunting the Hare, historic Moore farm, southeast of Sharpsburg Photo I took in August 2007 of the entrance to Pough from the entrance to the property at Burnside Bridge Road Photo I took in August 2007 of Deans Purchase viewed from Pough across the roadSo note the following:
• By September 1763, Griffith James and Daniel Moore owned 215 acres near Antietam Creek purchased from Joseph Chapline.
• We learn from other documents that the portion of this land, 75 acres, that Griffith James owned and lived on was called Pough, and that Pough was adjacent to Chapline’s Hunting the Hare tract. Chapline’s heirs deeded this land formally to Griffith James in 1787.
• In 1747, Richard Dean bought 50 acres from Chapline’s Hunting the Hare tract; this land was given the name Deans Purchase. Deans Purchase is contiguous to both Pough and the rest of the Hunting the Hare tract.
• In 1754, Chapline deeded Daniel Moore 138 acres that appear to have been also part of the original Hunting the Hare tract, and also appear to have been contiguous to Pough and Deans Purchase. We know from a subsequent deed that Daniel Moore owned another 50 acres of Hunting the Hare on which his son Richard lived for a time.
• Griffith James’ daughter Gwendolyn married Richard Dean’s son Samuel Dean.
• The 14 February 1788 will of Richard Dean in Washington County names a daughter Mary.[22] We learn from the 7 August 1795 will of Richard’s widow Priscilla that Mary’s married name was More/Moore.[23] Noting that documents from 1761 through 1792 show Daniel Moore’s wife as Mary, and that Daniel and wife Mary named a son Richard Moore, Beverly Peoples proposes that Daniel Moore may have married another of Richard Dean’s daughters — an eminently reasonable proposal, it seems to me, even if not yet entirely proven.[24]
Joseph Chapline, Founder of Sharpsburg
Because the three interconnecting men on whom I’m focusing here — Griffith James, Richard Dean, and Daniel Moore — all acquired their adjoining pieces of land from Joseph Chapline and arrived in the Sharpsburg area in its formative period when Chapline appears to have been attracting to the area settlers with pre-existing ties to him, it’s important to take a close look at Chapline’s biography and his connection to Sharpsburg, which he founded. As John Bedell and Jason Shellenhamer note, “Of all of the early residents of Maryland’s Great Valley, Joseph Chapline was most responsible for shaping settlement along Antietam Creek in the eighteenth century.”[25]
Joseph Chapline was born 5 September 1707 in Queen Anne’s parish of Prince George’s County, the son of William Chapline (1686-1752) and Elizabeth Travers. The Chapline family, whose roots were in England and which had marital ties to the Calvert family, had been in the colonies four generations prior to Joseph, first in Virginia and then in Maryland, where family members lived in Calvert and Dorchester Counties in the eastern part of that colony.[26]
Joseph spent his formative years on his father’s plantation Forrest in the easternmost part of Prince George’s County, with his father William sending him to England for a period of time to be educated. In 1730 Joseph’s father, William, moved to the western “back-parts” on the Virginia-Maryland border, settling on the Potomac about four miles above Shepherdstown and leaving Joseph, his oldest son, in charge of the Forrest plantation and of the family’s younger children.
By 1736 Joseph had followed his father west, settling across the Potomac in what was then western Prince George’s County, and after that Frederick and finally Washington County. As Bedell and Shellenhamer note,[27]
Maryland colonial records for that period show that Chapline was an active member of a community developing west of the Monocacy River. In May 1739 Joseph Chapline was a signatory on a petition of 88 inhabitants of the “back-parts” of Maryland.
On 22 October 1741 in All Saints parish in Frederick County, Joseph married Ruhamah, daughter of Reverend William Williams and Sarah James of Carmarthenshire, Wales. Ruhamah and her sisters Sarah and Jane had come to Virginia with their father, a Presbyterian missionary, following their mother’s death in Wales. By 1739, William Williams had bought land in Prince George’s County, Maryland, in the area that would later be Frederick and then Washington County.[28]
In 1744 Joseph Chapline began patenting and buying tracts of land on Antietam Creek in the vicinity of what would soon be Sharpsburg. As Bedell and Shellenhamer indicate, one of these tracts, acquired in 1747, was the 250-acre Hunting the Hare tract.[29] It is in this period from the latter half of the 1730s into the 1740s that Beverly Peoples suggests Joseph may well have brought with him to this remote backcountry part of western Maryland men to help improve his properties, build houses and structures on them, clear and settle the land, and work his ironworks once they were established. As Beverly states, “Since this area was remote in the 1730’s and 40’s it is unlikely that many people arrived individually.”[30]
Joseph Chapline prospered and accumulated wealth and status following his settlement in the Sharpsburg area. He was a justice of Prince George’s county court from 1739-1748 and after that of the Frederick court for some years. From 1749-1768, he served in the lower house of the Maryland legislature. In 1763 Joseph founded the town of Sharps Burgh, naming it in honor of Maryland’s governor Horatio Sharpe. The town was laid out on a 200-acre tract, Hickory Tavern, that Joseph bought from Edmund Cartledge on 11 July 1763, close to his plantation Rush Bottom and adjacent to his Hunting the Hare and Resurvey on Abston’s Forest tracts. The appeal of the Hickory Tavern land for a town site was that it had a good freshwater spring and was on the wagon road to Philadelphia. In 1764, Joseph out a plan for the new town, consisting of 187 lots located around the spring, with each lot measuring 103 feet wide by 206 feet long.[31]
On 12 January 1769 the Maryland Gazette reported,[32]
Lately died in Frederick County, Capt. Joseph Chapline, who, for many Years, has been one of the Representatives for that County in the General Assembly.
Joseph was initially buried on his Elias Grove estate west of Sharpsburg, and in 1893 his great-great-niece Maria Ligget Dare had his remains along with those of his wife Ruhamah and several other family members buried in Mountain View cemetery at Sharpsburg.[33] Maria Dare indicates that Joseph died owning 12,257 acres of land.[34] According to Edward C. Papenfuse, Joseph’s landholdings at the time of his death included at least 6,385 acres in Frederick County and probably as much as 15,000 acres in Frederick County and in Virginia.[35]
I’d like to return now to the 4 September 1763 document that started this discussion of Griffith James’ early years in the Sharpsburg area. As I stated previously, the 4 September 1763 agreement that Joseph Chapline made with Samuel Beall, David Ross, and Richard Henderson to be partners in an ironworks to be erected at Sharpsburg is the first absolutely certain document I’ve found placing Griffith James in this part of Maryland.[36]
Several of my previous postings (here and here) about the Leonard family connecting to Griffith James’ family through the marriage of Thomas Leonard, son of Robert Leonard and Honor Pritchard, to Griffith’s daughter Hannah note both not only ties between Robert and Thomas Leonard Joseph Chapline and his family, but also ties between the Leonards and the Beall family to which Joseph Chapline’s business partner Samuel Beall belonged. As these postings indicate, Joseph Chapline helped construct Fort Frederick near Hagerstown in Washington County, Maryland, in 1756, and from the time that fort was constructed, a trail of documents places Robert Leonard there as a soldier guarding the western frontier of Maryland.
Moreover, when the first military company in Washington County was organized for the Revolutionary War in Hagerstown on 6 January 1776, that company was under the command of Joseph Chapline’s a son Joseph. Serving in that military company were Griffith James’ sons-in-law Thomas Leonard and Samuel Dean, as well as Samuel’s brother Thomas Dean and Richard Moore, son of Daniel Moore. Previously, in 1755, Daniel Moore had served in the Frederick County militia company of Captain Moses Chapline, brother of the elder Joseph Chapline who founded Sharpsburg.
In addition, in the years in which Robert Leonard was stationed at Fort Frederick, he was under the immediate command of Captain Alexander Beall (1712-1759). Alexander was the son of William Beall (1684-1756), whose brother John Beall (1689-1742) was father of the Samuel Beall (1713-1778) who was Joseph Chapline’s business partner in the Antietam ironworks business. Samuel lived at Hagerstown.
As this previous posting states, Alexander Beall left a will in Frederick County dated 9 April 1759 which shows him owning part of a large tract of land in that county called King Cole.[37] The original King Cole tract consisted of 1,970 acres patented to Henry Crabb on 30 August 1754.[38] As we’ll see later, by 1783, fifty acres of the King Cole tract belonged to Griffith James’ son Joseph, who obtained it from his father-in-law James Austin.[39] In April 1791, Joseph sold this land to his father Griffith James, who then sold it along with James Austin in March 1792.[40]
None of the preceding information about Griffith James tells us exactly when and how he arrived in the Sharpsburg area or where he may have been prior to his arrival there. It does, however, give us a clear snapshot confirming his presence in the Sharpsburg area prior to September 1763 and his continuous residence on a piece of land he had acquired from Joseph Chapline prior to that date. All of the information I’ve compiled above also raises some tantalizing questions:
• Did Griffith James, Richard Dean, and Daniel Moore have some connections to each other pre-existing their arrival in the Sharpsburg area? And did all or any of these men have connections with Joseph Chapline pre-dating their arrival in the Sharpsburg area?
• Since we know that Joseph Chapline had a Welsh mother-in-law whose surname was James, is it possible that Griffith James had some kind of family connection with Joseph Chapline through Joseph’s mother-in-law Sarah James? There’s also a salient fact I haven’t yet mentioned: Daniel Moore had a daughter Nancy who married John Griffith. This family, too, lived in the Sharpsburg area. Given the vagaries of the patronymic naming system in Welsh families, whereby given names of fathers pass on as surnames of sons, it’s possible John Griffith and Griffith James were related to each other: Was that, in fact, the case?
• If Griffith James was related to Joseph Chapline through Joseph’s mother-in-law, would that explain the fact that he had acquired land from Joseph prior to September 1763 — we know this from Joseph’s own testimony — for which he was not given title until 1787, though he lived continuously on this land all those years? To repeat a question I’ve already asked earlier: If Griffith James was a relative of the Chapline family, was he a retainer of the family, living on land provided to him while the family held title to the land?
Lots of questions, no answers. I ask these questions not to suggest that any of this speculation has been proven, but to put the questions out on the board for consideration, as any researcher seeks to extend information about Griffith James back beyond September 1763 in the Sharpsburg area. Another tantalizing piece of information to place on the board now: in his 1883 manuscript about the Leonard family Thomas Dunlap Leonard says the following about the parents of his grandmother Hannah James Leonard:[41]
[Thomas Leonard, son of Robert Leonard and Honor Pritchard,] married Miss Hannah James of Maryland about the year 1775. I have no tradition of her parents, except their nationality, they were Welch, but Hannah was born and reared in Maryland.
This statement, which evidently relies on information given to Thomas D. Leonard by his grandparents Thomas and Hannah James Leonard, seems to me to imply that Thomas D. Leonard thought Hannah James’ parents were Welsh-born. The Welsh background of the family is fairly evident in the names Griffith and James, both common Welsh surnames. The given name Gwendolyn, which Griffith James and wife Mary gave a daughter, is another Welsh cultural tag. I am also not forgetting that Pritchard, the surname of Robert Leonard’s wife, is yet another Welsh surname.
It’s possible, of course, that Thomas D. Leonard means to say here that Griffith James’ family had recent Welsh roots though it had been in the colonies a generation or two prior to Griffith himself. It seems to me, however, that Thomas thought Griffith James and wife Mary were actually Welsh-born and were the immigrant ancestors of this James family line. If that’s true, then it may also have been the case that this couple arrived in Maryland — perhaps even in the Sharpsburg area — directly from Wales. And that would mean attempts to find information about Griffith James prior to September 1763 in the vicinity of Sharpsburg need to look back to Wales for information. Perhaps to the Carmarthenshire family of Sarah James, mother-in-law of Joseph Chapline?
Frederick County, Maryland, Inventory Bk. A1, p. 459And then one final surprising piece of information: In updating my notes about Griffith James as I worked on this blog posting, I’ve unearthed a list of debts to the estate of Nathan Peddycoart, who died in 1759 in Frederick County, Maryland. Among the debts that Nathan’s widow Sarah Dorsey Peddycoart listed in her inventory of Nathan’s estate was a debt from one Griffith James for one shilling and sixpence due 10 January 1743.[42]
Is this the Griffith James who had bought land from Joseph Chapline by 1763? Given the Frederick County location of this estate record, that’s entirely possible. If this is “our” Griffith James, then this record would indicate that he was in Maryland, perhaps in Frederick County’s parent county, Prince George’s, by January 1743. If I’m correct in thinking that the Griffith James who lived at Pough outside Sharpsburg was born in the period 1725-1735, and if this record pertains to that same Griffith James, then he’d have been in this part of Maryland as a very young man in 1743.
Lots of questions, no answers. But it’s important to keep asking….
[1] The only federal census on which Griffith James appears, the 1790 census, shows him in Washington County, Maryland (p. 9) with a household comprised of two males aged 16 and over, one male aged under 15, and two females, information that is hardly helpful in determining Griffith’s birthdate.
[2] Anderson County, South Carolina, Will Bk. 1793-8, p. 82.
[3] Era Josephine Morgan Davis, Louise S. Rourke, and Marc B. Smith, Country Cousins: Descendants of Samuel Dean (1996), p. 3. In correspondence with me in January 1997, researcher Barbara Morris of Bellaire, Texas, stated that the 3 October 1795 death of date was sent by Lucy Rebecca Dean to Louise Rourke in the 1980s. Louise Rourke, who lived in Citrus Heights, California, was the primary author of Country Cousins. Unless I’m mistaken, Lucy Rebecca Dean (1942-2023, m. John Kennemur) was a daughter of Richard Brown Dean and Joanne Richardson. Rebecca Dean Kennemur was a DAR member and active genealogist. This Dean line descends from Samuel Dean and Gwendolyn James through their son Richard P. Dean.
[4] Mountain Creek Baptist church appears to have been established in the 1790s some six miles southwest of Anderson, South Carolina. Its original minutes are held by the Special Collections and Baptist Historical Collection at Furman University in Greenville, South Carolina. Microfilmed and digitized copies of the church minutes are available at FamilySearch. A transcription of the Mountain Creek minutes from 1798 to 1907 by Debbie Giles Harbin was published by the Anderson County Chapter of the South Carolina Genealogical Society in 2002.
[5] Mary James does not appear as a household head on the federal census in either 1800 or 1810. The minutes of Mountain Creek Baptist church state that in 1817, she was living with her the family of her son-in-law Samuel Dean, husband of Gwendolyn Dean. The 1810 federal census shows a female aged over 45 in Samuel’s household in Pendleton District (p. 151).
[6] Frederick County, Maryland, Deed Bk. J, pp. 793-804.
[7] See Arthur G. Tracey’s patent/tract index and map locations for Carroll, Frederick, and Washington Counties at Maryland government’s Maryland History site; and Maryland Land Office Rent Rolls 1748-1775, p. 5.
[8] See Washington County, Maryland, Deed Bk. G, pp. 771-2, stating that on 13 May 1792, Griffith James sold to Robert Hoffman for ￡330 his tract called Pough, 75 acres, with wife Mary releasing dower.
[9] Washington County, Maryland, Deed Bk. E, pp. 332-3.
[10] In 1783, Griffith James is on the Washington County tax list in Lower Antietam Hundred, taxed for the Pough property, with the acreage given as 100 acres. The tax list states that this property comprised 60 acres of woods and 40 acres arable; Griffith was also taxed for four horses and eight beef cattle: see “Washington County 1783 Tax Assessment,” Western Maryland Genealogy 7,4 (October 1991), p. 171; and “Assessment of 1783, Index,” citing Lower Antietam and Sharpsburg, p. 34 (MSA S1161-11-1. 1/4/5/54) at website of Maryland State Archives.
[11] Washington County, Maryland, Deed Bk. R, pp. 181-2.
[12] Washington County, Maryland, Will Bk. A, pp. 279-280. The will was probated 24 March 1792.
[13] See “Assessment of 1783, Index,” citing Lower Antietam and Sharpsburg, p. 35 (MSA S1161-11-1. 1/4/5/54) at website of Maryland State Archives. This transcription reads the acreage as 128 acres and gives the tract name as Moses’ Delight.
[14] Geolover, “Sarah’s Surprise, Part 2,” West Virginia Family Tracks and Trails, citing Washington County, Maryland, Deed Bk. G-7, pp. 44-46.
[15] See Arthur G. Tracey’s patent/tract index and map locations for Carroll, Frederick, and Washington Counties at Maryland government’s Maryland History site. See also John Bedell and Jason Shellenhamer, Archeological Overview, Assessment, Identification, and Evaluation Study of Newly Acquired Lands at Antietam National Battlefield, Maryland (2014, National Parks Service), pp. 36-7; Evelyn Vigdahl, “Another Flooded River Valley: The Deans of Huntingdon Co., Pennsylvania,” at Our Family History; and “The Farmsteads of Antietam – Jacob Avey Farm,” at the website of Jacob Rohrback Inn.
[16] Prince George’s County, Maryland, Deed Bk. BB, pp. 396-7.
[17] “Tax List, Antietam Hundred, Prince George’s County 1746,” transcribed by Karen Walker for Maryland Genealogical Society.
[18] “Richard Deane (1701-1788) and His Children,” at Rootsweb.
[19] See supra, n. 15.
[20] When Joseph Chapline patented Pough in November 1761 (see supra, no. 7), the tract was described as 75 acres at the head of a spring and the foot of Elk Ridge Mountain next to Keep Tryst, Boston, and Little I Thought It. Little I Thought It is the huge tract out of which the land for the Antietam ironworks was taken. On 25 July 1769, David Ross, one of Chapline’s business partners in the ironworks, had a Frederick County grant for 8,025 acres, a tract called Boston, a resurvey of Little I Thought It, part of Keep Trieste, part of Dutch Loss, and Mill Place. The survey for this land shows it bordering both Pough and Hunting the Hare. Arthur Tracey’s map for plats in Sharpsburg district shows Pough bordering Boston on the east, with Hunting the Hare bordering Boston on the north. On the Little I Thought It tract of 6,352 acres as the site for the ironworks, see Thomas J.C. Williams, A History of Washington County, Maryland, etc. (Hagerstown, 1906; reps. Baltimore: Regional Publ. Co., 1968), pp. 23-4.
[21] For photos of the Deans Purchase portion of Hunting the Hare viewed from Pough that I took in in August 2007, please see this previous posting.
[22] Washington County, Maryland, Will Bk. A, p. 168. The will spells the surname as Deane.
[23] Ibid., pp. 161-2.
[24] Richard Deane (1701-1788) and His Children.”
[25] John Bedell and Jason Shellenhamer, Archeological Overview, Assessment, Identification, and Evaluation Study of Newly Acquired Lands at Antietam National Battlefield Maryland (2014, National Parks Service), p. 36.
[26] See ibid., and Edward C. Papenfuse, A Biographical Dictionary of the Maryland Legislature, 1635-1789 (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1979), pp. 210-211; Lee and Barbara Barron, The History of Sharpsburg, Maryland, Founded by Joseph Chapline 1763 (1972); Maria J. Liggett Dare, Chaplines from Maryland and Virginia (priv. publ., 1902); Thomas J.C. Williams, A History of Washington County, Maryland, etc., vol. 1 (Hagerstown, 1906; repr. Baltimore: Regional Publishing Company, 1968), pp. 23-4; Sharpsburg Historical Society, “Joseph Chapline – Founder of Sharpsburg, MD,” at the website of Sharpsburg Historical Society; and Peoples, “Richard Deane (1701-1788) and His Children.”
[27] Bedell and Shellenhamer, Archeological Overview, Assessment, Identification, and Evaluation Study of Newly Acquired Lands at Antietam National Battlefield Maryland, pp. 36-7.
[28] Dare, Chaplines from Maryland and Virginia, pp. 6, 22; Williams, History of Washington County, Maryland, pp. 23-4; and Grace L. Tracey, Pioneers of Old Monocacy (Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Co., 2002), pp. 245-7. See also Find a Grave memorial page of Ruhama Williams Chapline, Mountain View cemetery, Sharpsburg, Washington County, Maryland, created by jrrmr910, maintained by Michael J. Chapline.
[29] Ibid.
[30] “Richard Deane (1701-1788) and His Children.”
[31] Bedell and Shellenhamer, Archeological Overview, Assessment, Identification, and Evaluation Study of Newly Acquired Lands at Antietam National Battlefield Maryland, pp. 41-2.
[32] Maryland Gazette (12 January 1769), p. 3, col. 1.
[33] See Find a Grave memorial page of Col Joseph Chapline, Mountain View cemetery, Sharpsburg, Washington County, Maryland, created by jrrmr910, maintained by Michael J. Chapline.
[34] Dare, Chaplines from Maryland and Virginia, p. 7.
[35] Papenfuse, Biographical Dictionary of the Maryland Legislature, 1635-1789, p. 211.
[36] See supra, n. 6.
[37] Frederick County, Maryland, Will Bk. A, p. 127.
[38] See Arthur G. Tracey’s patent/tract index and map locations for Carroll, Frederick, and Washington Counties at Maryland government’s Maryland History site.
[39] “Washington County 1783 Tax Assessment,” p. 171; and “Assessment of 1783, Index.”
[40] Washington County, Maryland, Deed Bk. G, pp. 368, 815-6.
[41] “Biography of the Leonards,” 1883 manuscript circulated as a typescript among Leonard family members and researchers, whose current provenance is not known.
[42] Frederick County, Maryland, Inventory Bk. A1, p. 459.
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'Grave concerns': Prostate cancer charity worried as funding moves to McGrath Foundation
By James VyverA prostate cancer charity is warning that specialist care could suffer when Commonwealth funding for nurses shifts to the McGrath Foundation next year.
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'Grave concerns': Prostate cancer charity worried as funding moves to McGrath Foundation
By James VyverA prostate cancer charity is warning that specialist care could suffer when Commonwealth funding for nurses shifts to the McGrath Foundation next year.