#slavery — Public Fediverse posts

Blackbirding by Ryan Butta

* "Australia has long reassured itself that, despite genocidal treatment of First Nations peoples, at least it has no heinous past of slavery, unlike Britain and the US. Ryan Butta shatters this historical self-deception. The term “blackbirding” (its etymology in the African and West Indies slave trades) involved the coercion and kidnapping of up to 62,000 Pacific Islander people, many children, to labour mostly on Australian sugar cane plantations between 1860 and 1906."

"Long portrayed as somehow “other” than slavery, Butta uses forensic archival work and compelling prose to disturbingly illustrate why this was Australia’s slave trade – and how a colonial who’s-who profited handsomely from it. – Paul Daley " >>
https://www.theguardian.com/books/ng-interactive/2026/aug/05/best-books-to-read-australia-august-2026

* Book :"As Australia becomes more willing to confront the violence and trauma of its colonial past, one chapter has remained largely hidden: the Australian slave trade known as blackbirding." >>
https://www.simonandschuster.com.au/books/Blackbirding/Ryan-Butta/9781923135703
#slavery #history #EngineeredForgetting #OceanicPeoples #blackbirding #Australia #sugar #plantations #books #EuropeanColonisation #violence

Blackbirding by Ryan Butta

* "Australia has long reassured itself that, despite genocidal treatment of First Nations peoples, at least it has no heinous past of slavery, unlike Britain and the US. Ryan Butta shatters this historical self-deception. The term “blackbirding” (its etymology in the African and West Indies slave trades) involved the coercion and kidnapping of up to 62,000 Pacific Islander people, many children, to labour mostly on Australian sugar cane plantations between 1860 and 1906."

"Long portrayed as somehow “other” than slavery, Butta uses forensic archival work and compelling prose to disturbingly illustrate why this was Australia’s slave trade – and how a colonial who’s-who profited handsomely from it. – Paul Daley " >>
https://www.theguardian.com/books/ng-interactive/2026/aug/05/best-books-to-read-australia-august-2026

* Book :"As Australia becomes more willing to confront the violence and trauma of its colonial past, one chapter has remained largely hidden: the Australian slave trade known as blackbirding." >>
https://www.simonandschuster.com.au/books/Blackbirding/Ryan-Butta/9781923135703
#slavery #history #EngineeredForgetting #OceanicPeoples #blackbirding #Australia #sugar #plantations #books #EuropeanColonisation #violence

Australian town defends its ‘long-valued and admired’ statue of an enslaved African American child
By Kat Wong

Maitland city council condemned an art exhibit challenging the 150-year-old statue, which the artist says ‘does not represent Black skin with any dignity’

https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2026/aug/05/australian-town-defends-its-long-valued-and-admired-statue-of-an-enslaved-african-american-child

#NewSouthWales #Australianews #Slavery #IndigenousAustralians #TheGuardian #KatWong

Australian town defends its ‘long-valued and admired’ statue of an enslaved African American child
By Kat Wong

Maitland city council condemned an art exhibit challenging the 150-year-old statue, which the artist says ‘does not represent Black skin with any dignity’

https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2026/aug/05/australian-town-defends-its-long-valued-and-admired-statue-of-an-enslaved-african-american-child

#NewSouthWales #Australianews #Slavery #IndigenousAustralians #TheGuardian #KatWong

@Susan60

#Auspol #Slavery

I suspect that we really need a better definition of “slavery”.
We are so awash in USian media (entertainment as well as news) that we have a very distorted notion of what slavery SHOULD look like.

"The USA became embroiled in a long civil war from 1861 to 1865 over the right to own slaves in new states and, perhaps partly because the losing side never really believed the war was over, the scale and nature of the slavery system in the USA are openly acknowledged as part of that country’s national story (though the details are often in dispute)…
"If we think (aloud, like a certain Australian Prime Minister) that there was never slavery in Australia, because nothing like US slavery happened here, that’s almost understandable. It isn’t part of Australia’s national narrative the way slavery is in the USA. But it *should* be part of our national story, because slavery did happen here, and in lots of other places, in a variety of forms, and for a very long time. It’s still happening.

Slavery really has always contributed to both human and economic development, throughout history,

and the list of people enslaved includes, but is not limited to, people like 12th century serfs in England; people press-ganged into the British army or navy; 19th century serfs in Russia, or Italy; people “purchased” to work in Australia’s pearling industry;
Indigenous people both unpaid and confined to place under various Australian “protection” systems;

Pacific Islanders in Australia; British Migrant Children in Australia; concentration camp prisoners in Nazi Germany; Anzac prisoners of war in Asia; 21st century prisoners in western prisons… and so on.

Repeatedly throughout history, groups of people have been forced to work for nothing but food and shelter, and have not been free to leave. The idea all the advances in living standards we enjoy today came from a free market system where only good things can happen, guided by an <invisible hand> and <voluntary exchange> is an absolute nonsense. “

speaking of “economics” … when someone is willing to work for extortionate rates in appalling conditions, because they are better off than not working, this suggests we are not paying some “natural market price” but simply exploiting their desperation

as for calling the Pacific Islander visa the PALM visa it’s hard to credit “someone thought this was clever” - oh wait, not hard at all

sorry for the rant — this all makes me furious

https://www.abc.net.au/news/2018-09-09/slavery-in-australian-pearling/10217488

@Susan60

#Auspol #Slavery

I suspect that we really need a better definition of “slavery”.
We are so awash in USian media (entertainment as well as news) that we have a very distorted notion of what slavery SHOULD look like.

"The USA became embroiled in a long civil war from 1861 to 1865 over the right to own slaves in new states and, perhaps partly because the losing side never really believed the war was over, the scale and nature of the slavery system in the USA are openly acknowledged as part of that country’s national story (though the details are often in dispute)…
"If we think (aloud, like a certain Australian Prime Minister) that there was never slavery in Australia, because nothing like US slavery happened here, that’s almost understandable. It isn’t part of Australia’s national narrative the way slavery is in the USA. But it *should* be part of our national story, because slavery did happen here, and in lots of other places, in a variety of forms, and for a very long time. It’s still happening.

Slavery really has always contributed to both human and economic development, throughout history,

and the list of people enslaved includes, but is not limited to, people like 12th century serfs in England; people press-ganged into the British army or navy; 19th century serfs in Russia, or Italy; people “purchased” to work in Australia’s pearling industry;
Indigenous people both unpaid and confined to place under various Australian “protection” systems;

Pacific Islanders in Australia; British Migrant Children in Australia; concentration camp prisoners in Nazi Germany; Anzac prisoners of war in Asia; 21st century prisoners in western prisons… and so on.

Repeatedly throughout history, groups of people have been forced to work for nothing but food and shelter, and have not been free to leave. The idea all the advances in living standards we enjoy today came from a free market system where only good things can happen, guided by an <invisible hand> and <voluntary exchange> is an absolute nonsense. “

speaking of “economics” … when someone is willing to work for extortionate rates in appalling conditions, because they are better off than not working, this suggests we are not paying some “natural market price” but simply exploiting their desperation

as for calling the Pacific Islander visa the PALM visa it’s hard to credit “someone thought this was clever” - oh wait, not hard at all

sorry for the rant — this all makes me furious

https://www.abc.net.au/news/2018-09-09/slavery-in-australian-pearling/10217488

"The number of people pressed into forced labor in King Leopold’s Congo was staggering, and scholars have estimated that between five and ten million Congolese people died as a result."
-Sven Beckert, Capitalism: A Global History

"The Force Publique, Leopold's private army, regularly employed torture, carried out reprisals against the relatives of suspected rebels, and subjected Congolese people to flogging and sexual abuse. It also destroyed villages accused of resistance and, most notoriously, enforced the cutting off of hands, including those of children."

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo

#colonialism #capitalism #slavery #Congo #Africa #genocide #Belgium #indigenous

"The number of people pressed into forced labor in King Leopold’s Congo was staggering, and scholars have estimated that between five and ten million Congolese people died as a result."
-Sven Beckert, Capitalism: A Global History

"The Force Publique, Leopold's private army, regularly employed torture, carried out reprisals against the relatives of suspected rebels, and subjected Congolese people to flogging and sexual abuse. It also destroyed villages accused of resistance and, most notoriously, enforced the cutting off of hands, including those of children."

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo

#colonialism #capitalism #slavery #Congo #Africa #genocide #Belgium #indigenous

Vulnerable workers bearing the cost of providing Australia with cheap food

"Across Australia's fruit and vegetable industry, Fair Work Ombudsman investigations have repeatedly uncovered widespread non-compliance...: systemic worker exploitation, forced labour, debt bondage and, in some cases, human trafficking and servitude."

"In Coffs Harbour, 61 per cent of growers and labour hire companies inspected were found to be breaching workplace laws, including underpaying workers. The figure rose to 72 per cent in the Riverina and 83 per cent in Victoria's Mornington Peninsula and Yarra Valley....Oz Group, a co-operative representing more than 140 berry growers across NSW's Mid North Coast, said in its 2020 statement it "does not accept any form of slavery-like practices within the co-operative or throughout its supply chain".However, in its 2025 statement, the co-operative said, "addressing modern slavery requires ongoing effort and collaboration" and it remained "committed to continuous improvement"." >>
https://www.abc.net.au/news/2026-08-04/australias-hidden-modern-slave-labour-workforce-exposed/106968610
#exploitation #work #ForcedLabour #food #slavery #CoffsHarbour #HorticulturalIndustry #governance #regulation #ModernSlaveryAct #TokenisticLaw #NSW #MidNorthCoast #blueberries

Vulnerable workers bearing the cost of providing Australia with cheap food

"Across Australia's fruit and vegetable industry, Fair Work Ombudsman investigations have repeatedly uncovered widespread non-compliance...: systemic worker exploitation, forced labour, debt bondage and, in some cases, human trafficking and servitude."

"In Coffs Harbour, 61 per cent of growers and labour hire companies inspected were found to be breaching workplace laws, including underpaying workers. The figure rose to 72 per cent in the Riverina and 83 per cent in Victoria's Mornington Peninsula and Yarra Valley....Oz Group, a co-operative representing more than 140 berry growers across NSW's Mid North Coast, said in its 2020 statement it "does not accept any form of slavery-like practices within the co-operative or throughout its supply chain".However, in its 2025 statement, the co-operative said, "addressing modern slavery requires ongoing effort and collaboration" and it remained "committed to continuous improvement"." >>
https://www.abc.net.au/news/2026-08-04/australias-hidden-modern-slave-labour-workforce-exposed/106968610
#exploitation #work #ForcedLabour #food #slavery #CoffsHarbour #HorticulturalIndustry #governance #regulation #ModernSlaveryAct #TokenisticLaw #NSW #MidNorthCoast #blueberries

Are ubiquitous LLMs changing the economics of modern slavery?

I’ve been reading recently about the terrifying scale of modern slavery underpinning the online scam industry. Victims are recruited internationally with the promise of reliable work only to be bundled into cars and taken to heavily fortified compounds, where they are forced to meet targets for online outreach under threat of torture or even death. For example the Guardian report the experience of a Kenyan man forced into ‘cyberslavery’ in Myanmar:

The men were being taken to neighbouring Myanmar, where Okindo found himself inside a walled compound guarded by rebel militia.

I was in a cell just so I could be determined to be a trafficking victim and get my freedom. If I hadn’t, I’d have rotted away there

He was set to work every day for the next three months, forced to send thousands of messages from fake social-media profiles, posing as a rich American investor to swindle US real estate agents into cryptocurrency scams.

When he failed to reach daily targets, he was beaten, locked inside a freezing-cold room and deprived of food for up to two days. He prayed he would avoid the electric shocks and sexual torture others endured at the hands of a Chinese criminal gang that ran the centre.

“It was hell on Earth,” he says. “I broke completely, to the point of losing hope entirely.”

Okindo, who was finally released from Myanmar’s KK Park compound in April, is among a fast-growing population of Kenyans, Ugandans and Ethiopians trafficked to south-east Asia as criminal syndicates increasingly look to expand their ranks with east African labour.

https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2025/sep/09/cyberslavery-kenya-uganda-ethiopia-southeast-asia-myanmar-scam-centres

A UN report estimated hundreds of thousands of people have been trafficked in this way to work as online scammers. Until recently I had no idea about the scale of this crime which can be seen in the sheer size of the fortified compounds where it takes place:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Nenr0ejizFs

A grim thought has plagued me while I’ve been reading this stuff: are LLMs not a cheaper way to do this? What I found so unsettling about watching these videos are the familiar trappings of the office bureaucracy alongside the inhuman brutality of what is taking place there. This is evil but it’s also banal. It’s a bureaucracy optimised to run an operation at scale… anyone who could put this together would also be primed to think about how new technology could be used to streamline the activity. So are ubiquitous language models going to change the economics of this multibillion dollar criminal industry? I asked Gemini if language models could replace scam cities and it offered this interesting response:

Why AI Cannot Replace Human Victims

• Emotional Nuance: Cyber-scams like “pig butchering” require weeks or months of deep, customized emotional grooming to build romantic or platonic trust.
• Adapting to Suspicion: Human scammers can instantly pivot, improvise, and use emotional intuition when a target starts asking difficult questions or shows suspicion.
• Live Verification: Targets frequently demand live proof, requiring victims to hop on voice calls, send real-time selfies, or manipulate live video streams on command.
• Low Human Costs: Because syndicates use forced labour, the financial cost of sustaining a human victim (minimal food and shared dorms) is incredibly low, competing directly with the costs of high-end computing power.

How Syndicates Use AI as a Force Multiplier

Instead of replacing humans, criminal networks use AI to make their human workforce vastly more efficient.

• Mass Translation: AI translation tools allow non-English speaking captives to message victims worldwide with perfect grammar and localized slang.
• Deepfake Technology: Scammers use real-time AI deepfakes to alter their faces and voices during video verification calls, tricking targets into believing they are talking to the person in the profile photos.
• Script Generation: Large Language Models (LLMs) generate highly convincing, personalized conversation templates and icebreakers, which human captives then customize.
• Target Profiling: Machine learning algorithms scrape data from social media to help captives identify high-value, vulnerable targets automatically.

I think ‘low human costs’ is undoubtedly correct. But think about what that means: slaves are cheaper than compute. I guess I’d hoped that an unintended consequence of LLMs (particularly the open-weight models that are rapidly catching up to the frontier) would be to reduce the demand for coerced labour. However I suspect it’s more likely that we’ll see an intensification of labour in the compounds, structurally analogous to the reorganisation of work which models are driving in other domains. This Interpol report describes technology as a ‘force multiplier’ in which AI-infused fraud comes to be substantially more profitable than existing techniques. Indeed it has democratised access to tools for fraud through criminal P2P marketplaces:

Criminal peer-to-peer (P2P) marketplaces provide full-service hubs for financial fraud syndicates. These networks offer end-to-end criminal infrastructure including phishing tools, fake trading platforms, AI-powered chatbots for victim
grooming and encrypted communication channels.

If I’m inferring correctly from this, it means the capital investment in building an online scam operation with coerced labour is essentially much lower. Does this mean we might see it spread from beyond the fortified compounds into much smaller units? Which by their nature are possibly harder to identify and detect?

A brilliant episode of #American #HistoryHit with Don Wildeman talking with General Ty Seidule about the complete lack of punishment for all who participated in the Sourh Confederacy war against the United States of #America. Listening to this tells me one thing for certain - #Trump and every single person connected to him or supporting him will face zero consequences for their actions. Americans neither have the stomach or will to do the right thing.
#CivilWar #Slavery
https://open.spotify.com/episode/629w8VAApsrFcKpniKHMKv?si=5AsOhebYQcOgXXdRHfBhAQ&utm_source=copy-link&sci=spotify%3Acard-config%3A55b6UvOmsBHAZaQjHM7Wfw

A brilliant episode of #American #HistoryHit with Don Wildeman talking with General Ty Seidule about the complete lack of punishment for all who participated in the Sourh Confederacy war against the United States of #America. Listening to this tells me one thing for certain - #Trump and every single person connected to him or supporting him will face zero consequences for their actions. Americans neither have the stomach or will to do the right thing.
#CivilWar #Slavery
https://open.spotify.com/episode/629w8VAApsrFcKpniKHMKv?si=5AsOhebYQcOgXXdRHfBhAQ&utm_source=copy-link&sci=spotify%3Acard-config%3A55b6UvOmsBHAZaQjHM7Wfw

“American society’s use of Civil War to rhetorically veil the slaveholders’ rebellion has consequences. After the redemption of the Confederacy, ex-Confederates and their heirs helped create a regime of anti-Black violence by instituting a legal architecture of disenfranchisement and lynching. That is what makes confronting how we refer to the Civil War a civic imperative.”

#uspoli #slavery #jan6 https://www.nytimes.com/2026/08/02/opinion/civil-war-slaveholders-rebellion-slavery.html?utm_source=flipboard&utm_content=hanspetermeyer%2Fmagazine%2FREV.HANS+RECOMMENDS

“American society’s use of Civil War to rhetorically veil the slaveholders’ rebellion has consequences. After the redemption of the Confederacy, ex-Confederates and their heirs helped create a regime of anti-Black violence by instituting a legal architecture of disenfranchisement and lynching. That is what makes confronting how we refer to the Civil War a civic imperative.”

#uspoli #slavery #jan6 https://www.nytimes.com/2026/08/02/opinion/civil-war-slaveholders-rebellion-slavery.html?utm_source=flipboard&utm_content=hanspetermeyer%2Fmagazine%2FREV.HANS+RECOMMENDS

RE: https://mastodon.sdf.org/@timo21/117027470014109104

🗣 LOUDER FOR THE PEOPLE IN THE BACK!!!

#debt #slavery

RE: https://mastodon.sdf.org/@timo21/117027470014109104

🗣 LOUDER FOR THE PEOPLE IN THE BACK!!!

#debt #slavery

Slaveholder's Rebellion: An op/ed about how the term "Civil War" is whitewashing in the US for what used to be called "Slaveholder's Rebellion"
https://www.nytimes.com/2026/08/02/opinion/civil-war-slaveholders-rebellion-slavery.html?unlocked_article_code=1.2VA.hNLu.nswxY2HdF7N9∣=url-share
#historyuspol #civilwar #politics #slavery #+

Martín Rodrigo Alharilla, historian: ‘The best-known slaveholding families in Catalonia are only the tip of the iceberg’.

The expert is studying the economic benefits that the slave trade in the Spanish northeastern region generated in the 18th and 19th centuries.

https://mediafaro.org/article/20260802-martin-rodrigo-alharilla-historian-the-best-known-slaveholding-families-in-catalonia-are-only-the-tip-of-the-iceberg?mf_channel=mastodon&action=forward

#Slavery #Barcelona #Catalonia #Spain #History

Martín Rodrigo Alharilla, historian: ‘The best-known slaveholding families in Catalonia are only the tip of the iceberg’.

The expert is studying the economic benefits that the slave trade in the Spanish northeastern region generated in the 18th and 19th centuries.

https://mediafaro.org/article/20260802-martin-rodrigo-alharilla-historian-the-best-known-slaveholding-families-in-catalonia-are-only-the-tip-of-the-iceberg?mf_channel=mastodon&action=forward

#Slavery #Barcelona #Catalonia #Spain #History

The Hidden Engine: Incentives Drive American History

https://simplebender.com/2026/08/01/the-hidden-engine-incentives-drive-american-history/

The Hidden Engine: Incentives Drive American History

https://simplebender.com/2026/08/01/the-hidden-engine-incentives-drive-american-history/

RE: https://universeodon.com/@SrRochardBunson/117016484306805202

In case no one ever told you, capitalism & slavery are inevitably intertwined. We can't fully end one while the other exists.

Another thing that should be more widely known; anti-communist Red Scares have always been cover & justification for fascism

#capitalism #slavery #AntiCommunist #communist #RedScare #USA #history #TTJ

RE: https://universeodon.com/@SrRochardBunson/117016484306805202

In case no one ever told you, capitalism & slavery are inevitably intertwined. We can't fully end one while the other exists.

Another thing that should be more widely known; anti-communist Red Scares have always been cover & justification for fascism

#capitalism #slavery #AntiCommunist #communist #RedScare #USA #history #TTJ

Fight against the end of slavery > convict leasing > chain gangs > for-profit prisons > slavery

Racist white men will fight for generations to profit off of other people's work when manning up and treating people as people was right there.

#CurrentMood #Capitalism #slavery

Fight against the end of slavery > convict leasing > chain gangs > for-profit prisons > slavery

Racist white men will fight for generations to profit off of other people's work when manning up and treating people as people was right there.

#CurrentMood #Capitalism #slavery

RE: https://thelounge.network/@LogicalApex/117015592498964606

indentured servitude is #slavery by #debt. #healthCare tied to #employment is an engineered debt.

the usa health care by employment is a form of indentured servitude. in other words:

EMPLOYMENT IN THE UNITED STATES IS A FORM OF DEBT SLAVERY.

doubly so if you have debt by #studentLoans.

#PuertoRico outlawed debt slavery because post-slavery plantation workers were locked into their jobs by debt ―always to the plantation owner― they couldn’t retire in bankruptcy.

like today's student loans.

RE: https://thelounge.network/@LogicalApex/117015592498964606

indentured servitude is #slavery by #debt. #healthCare tied to #employment is an engineered debt.

the usa health care by employment is a form of indentured servitude. in other words:

EMPLOYMENT IN THE UNITED STATES IS A FORM OF DEBT SLAVERY.

doubly so if you have debt by #studentLoans.

#PuertoRico outlawed debt slavery because post-slavery plantation workers were locked into their jobs by debt ―always to the plantation owner― they couldn’t retire in bankruptcy.

like today's student loans.

A quotation from Frederick Douglass

   But the church of this country is not only indifferent to the wrongs of the slave, it actually takes sides with the oppressors. It has made itself the bulwark of American slavery, and the shield of American slave-hunters. Many of its most eloquent Divines, who stand as the very lights of the church, have shamelessly given the sanction of religion and the Bible to the whole slave system. — They have taught that man may, properly, be a slave; that the relation of master and slave is ordained of God; that to send back an escaped bondman to his master is clearly the duty of all the followers of the Lord Jesus Christ; and this horrible blasphemy is palmed off upon the world for Christianity.
   For my part, I would say, welcome infidelity! welcome atheism! welcome anything! in preference to the gospel, as preached by those Divines!

Frederick Douglass (1817-1895) American abolitionist, orator, writer
Speech (1852-07-05), “What to the Slave is the Fourth of July?” Corinthian Hall, Rochester, New York

More about this quote: wist.info/douglass-frederick/8…

#quote #quotes #quotation #qotd #frederickdouiglass #America #Christianity #churches #enslavement #slavetrade #slavery

Title:
Repeating the lie, and people will believe your sick lies.
Repeating the lie, and people will believe your sick lies.
Repeating the lie, and people will believe your sick lies.
Repeating the lie, and people will believe your sick lies.

#art #racism #war #slavery

🏴󠁧󠁢󠁳󠁣󠁴󠁿 🇺🇸 📖

The Character of Freedom: The Scottish Enlightenment and American Slavery

"An original and deeply researched look at how Scottish Enlightenment ideals interacted with religious philosophy to inform and inspire abolitionists and enslavers alike in the founding of the American republic."

🔗 https://kansaspress.ku.edu/9780700642281/

#History #Histodons #Scotland #USA #US #UnitedStates #America #Slavery #Liberalism #Politics #Philosophy #Race #Ethnicity #UniversityPress #Academia #Reading #Book #Books #Bookstodon #Booksky

🏴󠁧󠁢󠁳󠁣󠁴󠁿 🇺🇸 📖

The Character of Freedom: The Scottish Enlightenment and American Slavery

"An original and deeply researched look at how Scottish Enlightenment ideals interacted with religious philosophy to inform and inspire abolitionists and enslavers alike in the founding of the American republic."

🔗 https://kansaspress.ku.edu/9780700642281/

#History #Histodons #Scotland #USA #US #UnitedStates #America #Slavery #Liberalism #Politics #Philosophy #Race #Ethnicity #UniversityPress #Academia #Reading #Book #Books #Bookstodon #Booksky

The Roaring Twenties

https://gotunitedstates.wordpress.com/2026/07/29/the-roaring-twenties/

The Roaring Twenties

https://gotunitedstates.wordpress.com/2026/07/29/the-roaring-twenties/

A mutiny aboard Danish trade ships 300 years ago greatly altered the demographics of a Costa Rican province

https://buymeacoffee.com/newscafe/a-mutiny-aboard-danish-trade-ships-300-years-ago-altered-demographics-costa
#history #piracy #slavery

A mutiny aboard Danish trade ships 300 years ago greatly altered the demographics of a Costa Rican province

https://buymeacoffee.com/newscafe/a-mutiny-aboard-danish-trade-ships-300-years-ago-altered-demographics-costa
#history #piracy #slavery

Peer AI Review

https://gotunitedstates.wordpress.com/2026/07/28/peer-ai-review/