#romanhistory — Public Fediverse posts
Live and recent posts from across the Fediverse tagged #romanhistory, aggregated by home.social.
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n Ashkelon, over 100 infant remains were discovered in a Roman sewer. With no signs of disease, researchers believe the deaths may have been intentional.
#DarkHistory #RomanHistory #Archaeology #HiddenHistory #AncientMystery #HistoryFacts
Read more:https://www.ancient-origins.net/history/discovery-mass-baby-grave-under-roman-bathhouse-ashkelon-israel-002399 -
In Pompeii, a small shrine painted with Egyptian blue used pigment worth up to a soldier’s yearly salary, showing how color reflected wealth.
#Pompeii #AncientRome #Archaeology #RomanHistory #AncientWealth
Read more:https://www.ancient-origins.net/news-history-archaeology/pompeii-blue-paint-cost-00102590 -
For those of you who may be looking for a "shorter" Otho read, I published a lighter post on Martial's Epigram about the death of Otho four years to the day.
https://thenewleafjournal.com/martials-epigram-on-emperor-otho/
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For those of you who may be looking for a "shorter" Otho read, I published a lighter post on Martial's Epigram about the death of Otho four years to the day.
https://thenewleafjournal.com/martials-epigram-on-emperor-otho/
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For those of you who may be looking for a "shorter" Otho read, I published a lighter post on Martial's Epigram about the death of Otho four years to the day.
https://thenewleafjournal.com/martials-epigram-on-emperor-otho/
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Today marks the 1957th anniversary of the death-by-suicide of the short-reigning Roman Emperor, Otho. Lest anyone thinks this is "random," I happened to write an article (the longest article in NLJ history by a good margin...) on the subject back in 2021.
https://thenewleafjournal.com/ancient-accounts-on-the-enigmatic-life-and-death-of-emperor-otho/
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Murder In The Fells "A spate of ‘nighthawker’ incidents sees ancient monuments desecrated under cover of darkness" Sale: $3.99 to FREE by Bruce Beckham Rating: 4.6/5 (1,041 Reviews) #Mystery #Crime #Thriller #Free #Detective #LakeDistrict #RomanHistory #BookSky
Murder In The Fells -
Ancient writers said Nero killed his pregnant wife in a rage, but other evidence suggests Rome’s most infamous imperial death may not be so simple.
#Nero #AncientRome #RomanHistory #HistoryMystery #Poppaea #DarkHistory #HistoryShorts
Read more:https://www.ancient-origins.net/articles/lady-and-emperor -
Archaeologists Discover Oldest Mithras Temple in Bavaria
📰 Original title: Ancient sanctuary tied to 'most mysterious' cult uncovered in rare find beneath historic city
🤖 IA: It's clickbait ⚠️
👥 Usuarios: It's clickbait ⚠️View full AI summary: https://killbait.com/en/archaeologists-discover-oldest-mithras-temple-in-bavaria/?redirpost=b05dbba6-087c-4756-8016-90ea8b6fdb33
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Agrippina the Younger is painted as Rome’s ultimate villain—poisoner, seductress, tyrant. But hostile historians wrote later, shaping propaganda. Evidence suggests she stabilized Rome—until Nero killed her.
#AncientRome #Agrippina #Nero #RomanHistory #HistoryMysteries
Read more: https://www.ancient-origins.net/articles/agrippina-younger -
✨ #FindsFriday: A Roman plate for #Lent! ✨
From a 2nd-century cremation cemetery, these plates were the most common vessels, often found with lids—or even covering urns. Simple, elegant, & full of #history. 🏺#RomanArchaeology #Archaeology #Roman #Ceramics #AncientRome #Fastenzeit #Ancient #Austria #Pottery #RomanHistory
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The Southern French Wine Region Having Its Breakthrough Moment
Vignes Toquées gastronomic trail through the Costières de Nîmes regi…
#dining #cooking #diet #food #mediterranean #MediterraneanDiet #MediterraneanFood #FrenchWine #Frenchwine #MediterraneanWine #CostièresdeNîmes #francais #france #French #frenchtravel #frenchwine #romanhistory #VignesToquees #Wine #Winecountrytravel #winetourism
https://www.diningandcooking.com/2532266/the-southern-french-wine-region-having-its-breakthrough-moment/ -
The Southern French Wine Region Having Its Breakthrough Moment
Vignes Toquées gastronomic trail through the Costières de Nîmes regi…
#dining #cooking #diet #food #mediterranean #MediterraneanDiet #MediterraneanFood #FrenchWine #Frenchwine #MediterraneanWine #CostièresdeNîmes #francais #france #French #frenchtravel #frenchwine #romanhistory #VignesToquees #Wine #Winecountrytravel #winetourism
https://www.diningandcooking.com/2532266/the-southern-french-wine-region-having-its-breakthrough-moment/ -
The Southern French Wine Region Having Its Breakthrough Moment https://www.diningandcooking.com/2532266/the-southern-french-wine-region-having-its-breakthrough-moment/ #CostièresDeNîmes #francais #france #French #FrenchTravel #FrenchWine #RomanHistory #VignesToquees #Wine #WineCountryTravel #WineTourism
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The Southern French Wine Region Having Its Breakthrough Moment https://www.diningandcooking.com/2532266/the-southern-french-wine-region-having-its-breakthrough-moment/ #CostièresDeNîmes #francais #france #French #FrenchTravel #FrenchWine #RomanHistory #VignesToquees #Wine #WineCountryTravel #WineTourism
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The Southern French Wine Region Having Its Breakthrough Moment https://www.diningandcooking.com/2532266/the-southern-french-wine-region-having-its-breakthrough-moment/ #CostièresDeNîmes #francais #france #French #FrenchTravel #FrenchWine #RomanHistory #VignesToquees #Wine #WineCountryTravel #WineTourism
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Explore the rich history of Valentine’s Day, shaped by saints, poets, and scholars who turned love into a lasting culture. #ValentinesDay #SaintValentine #Chaucer #Shakespeare #RomanHistory #MedievalCulture #CourtlyLove #HistoryOfLove #CulturalHistory #PhilosophyOfLove #SeekReflectEvolve
https://sm.stayingalive.in/did-you-know/when-love-became-a-public.html -
Ancient Romans loved their dogs. Here's what their heartbreakingly beautiful epitaphs said about them.
https://fed.brid.gy/r/https://www.upworthy.com/roman-dog-epitaph
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Ancient Romans loved their dogs. Here's what their heartbreakingly beautiful epitaphs said about them.
https://web.brid.gy/r/https://www.upworthy.com/roman-dog-epitaph
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Ancient Romans loved their dogs. Here's what their heartbreakingly beautiful epitaphs said about them.
https://web.brid.gy/r/https://www.upworthy.com/roman-dog-epitaph
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Ancient Romans loved their dogs. Here's what their heartbreakingly beautiful epitaphs said about them.
https://web.brid.gy/r/https://www.upworthy.com/roman-dog-epitaph
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Ancient Basilica of Vitruvius Found in Fano, Italy
The ancient Basilica of Vitruvius has been identified in Fano, Italy. Credit: Italian Ministry of Culture Archaeologists have…
#Italy #Europe #Europa #EU #AncientBasilicaOfVitruvius #ArchaeologicalDiscovery #Dearchitectura #FanoItaly #italy #RomanArchitecture #Romanhistory #Vitruvius
https://www.europesays.com/2715805/ -
For #RomanSiteSaturday, an arch near the hippodrome in Tyre, #Lebanon 🇱🇧
@histodons
#antike #antiquity #ancienthistory #travelphotography #reisen #romanempire #romanhistory -
Weil ich gerade dabei bin, mein schulisches Latein und Altgriechisch aufzufrischen ;-) Dieser Stein - so gesehen im Kunsthistorischen Museum Wien - beinhaltet eine zweisprachige Bauinschrift.
Was ich erkenne:
IMP CAESAR DIVI F AUGUST PONTIF
MAXIM FLUMEN SEBASTONAS CHEDIA INDUXIT
QUOD PER SE TOTO OPPIDO FLUERET, PRAEFECTA EGYPTI
C IULIO AQUILA, ANNO XXXX CAESARISΑΥΤΟΚΡΑΤΩΡ ΚΑΙΣΑΡ ΘΕΟΥ ΥΙΟΣ ΣΕΒΑΣΤ ΑΡΧΙΕΡΕΥΣ
ΠΟΤΑΜΟΝ ΣΕΒΑΣΤΩΝΑΠΟΣΧΕΔΙΑΣHΓΑΓΕΝ
ΔΙΟΛΗΣΤΗΣΠΟΛΕΩΣΡΕΟΝΤΑ ΕΠΙΕΠΑΡΧΟΥ
ΤΗΣ ΑΙΓΥΠΤΟΥ ΓΑΙΟΥ ΙΟΥΛΙΟΥ ΑΚΥΛΑI
LΜ ΚΑΙΣΑΡΟΣInteressant zu lernen war für mich hier, dass sehr oft abgekürzt worden ist - was mich zuerst etwas verwirrt hat.
Das heißt übersetzt wohl etwas wie:
Der Imperator Caesar Augustus, Sohn des Gottes, oberster Priester,
leitete/führte den Fluss Sebastona nach Chedia,
damit er von selbst durch die ganze Stadt flösse,
unter dem Präfekten von Ägypten Gaius Iulius Aquila,
im 40. Jahr des Kaisers.=> an alle, die es besser wissen: bitte um Verbesserungen und Hinweise! Danke :-)
#Philologie #KlassischePhilologie #Epigraphik #Inschriften #Bilingue #Latein #Altgriechisch #AntikeSprachen #Antike #RömischesReich #RömischeGeschichte #Ägypten #ProvinzÄgypten #Augustus #Archäologie #Bauinschrift #RömischeVerwaltung #Wasserbau #AntikeInfrastruktur #LebenslangesLernen #Selbststudium #Sprachenlernen #Nerdwissen #HistoryNerd #ClassicalPhilology #Epigraphy #Latin #AncientGreek #AncientLanguages #RomanHistory #RomanEmpire #RomanEgypt #AncientInfrastructure #LifelongLearning
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Weil ich gerade dabei bin, mein schulisches Latein und Altgriechisch aufzufrischen ;-) Dieser Stein - so gesehen im Kunsthistorischen Museum Wien - beinhaltet eine zweisprachige Bauinschrift.
Was ich erkenne:
IMP CAESAR DIVI F AUGUST PONTIF
MAXIM FLUMEN SEBASTONAS CHEDIA INDUXIT
QUOD PER SE TOTO OPPIDO FLUERET, PRAEFECTA EGYPTI
C IULIO AQUILA, ANNO XXXX CAESARISΑΥΤΟΚΡΑΤΩΡ ΚΑΙΣΑΡ ΘΕΟΥ ΥΙΟΣ ΣΕΒΑΣΤ ΑΡΧΙΕΡΕΥΣ
ΠΟΤΑΜΟΝ ΣΕΒΑΣΤΩΝΑΠΟΣΧΕΔΙΑΣHΓΑΓΕΝ
ΔΙΟΛΗΣΤΗΣΠΟΛΕΩΣΡΕΟΝΤΑ ΕΠΙΕΠΑΡΧΟΥ
ΤΗΣ ΑΙΓΥΠΤΟΥ ΓΑΙΟΥ ΙΟΥΛΙΟΥ ΑΚΥΛΑI
LΜ ΚΑΙΣΑΡΟΣInteressant zu lernen war für mich hier, dass sehr oft abgekürzt worden ist - was mich zuerst etwas verwirrt hat.
Das heißt übersetzt wohl etwas wie:
Der Imperator Caesar Augustus, Sohn des Gottes, oberster Priester,
leitete/führte den Fluss Sebastona nach Chedia,
damit er von selbst durch die ganze Stadt flösse,
unter dem Präfekten von Ägypten Gaius Iulius Aquila,
im 40. Jahr des Kaisers.=> an alle, die es besser wissen: bitte um Verbesserungen und Hinweise! Danke :-)
#Philologie #KlassischePhilologie #Epigraphik #Inschriften #Bilingue #Latein #Altgriechisch #AntikeSprachen #Antike #RömischesReich #RömischeGeschichte #Ägypten #ProvinzÄgypten #Augustus #Archäologie #Bauinschrift #RömischeVerwaltung #Wasserbau #AntikeInfrastruktur #LebenslangesLernen #Selbststudium #Sprachenlernen #Nerdwissen #HistoryNerd #ClassicalPhilology #Epigraphy #Latin #AncientGreek #AncientLanguages #RomanHistory #RomanEmpire #RomanEgypt #AncientInfrastructure #LifelongLearning
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A Very Merry Saturnalia to You
https://overcast.fm/+ABRBupd3YjY
What the holiday that the Christians overtook was like. Unsurprisingly, some things seem mighty familiar.
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A Very Merry Saturnalia to You
https://overcast.fm/+ABRBupd3YjY
What the holiday that the Christians overtook was like. Unsurprisingly, some things seem mighty familiar.
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A Very Merry Saturnalia to You
https://overcast.fm/+ABRBupd3YjY
What the holiday that the Christians overtook was like. Unsurprisingly, some things seem mighty familiar.
-
A Very Merry Saturnalia to You
https://overcast.fm/+ABRBupd3YjY
What the holiday that the Christians overtook was like. Unsurprisingly, some things seem mighty familiar.
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A Very Merry Saturnalia to You
https://overcast.fm/+ABRBupd3YjY
What the holiday that the Christians overtook was like. Unsurprisingly, some things seem mighty familiar.
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#RadiotrophicFungus posts will have to wait... Went down the #RomanWomen #RomanHistory wormhole tonight. I hope folks found my #InfoDump to be interesting (and relevant to current events). 🧑🏼🎓
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While home spaces were not as gendered as those in #AncientGreece, this article talks about how spaces in Rome were also somewhat gendered -- and in his attack against #Clodia, #Cicero used Clodia's defiance of those norms against her!
#Scandalisation, #gender and space in #AncientRome: The case of #Cicero and #Clodia
by Muriel Moser
First published: 17 June 2024"Ciceros thus uses different notions of space for his argument. First, by drawing up a moral landscape of her shameful deeds, Cicero seeks to emphasise the magnitude of her guilt [as an adulteress and murderer of her husband]. Second, built spaces are important for Cicero's argument because they allow him to ‘reveal’ Clodia's private acts, that is, acts that occurred in private spaces, to his male audience in a public space in a dramatic way, thus offering entertainment and creating outrage. Finally, Cicero is able to present her acts as shameful and problematic by blurring built spaces with gendered social spaces.
"This last aspect of his use of space is particularly complex and perfidious and made possible not least by the fluidity of the spatial concepts at work in a #domus and other ‘private’ places, such as gardens and provincial villas. Take the Roman domus: Cicero could use several levels of meaning in this term. A Roman domus was a physical location with a strong symbolic value. It was considered to be the seat of a family, to the point that the term could be equated with the family itself. And, as the family stood at the heart of the Roman moral order, the domus also had a strong #moral connotation The Roman house was, further, a political and hence a public site: it was used to conduct political business, to make connections and to present the public image of the house's owner. It is likely that Clodia received her guests in the atrium, the centre of the public part of the domus, or in an adjacent room (cubiculum) more suitable for private business, but it is difficult to map these roles onto specific areas within the Roman domus. Roman houses were not divided into a ‘public’ and a ‘non-public’ area: some areas were clearly intended for interaction with people outside the household, such as members of the public, guests or supplicants, while other parts were reserved for the life of the family and the business of the household, but there was no clear dichotomy, the separation of these spaces being fluid, with gradations of privacy.
"It is this fluidity that allows Cicero uses spatial references to make Clodia scandalous. For it allows him blur the division between built spaces used by women and conceptual or social spaces, notably politics, that were reserved for men. In this way, Cicero is able to construct Clodia's social events as #transgressions into #MaleSocialSpace. How is this achieved? Having ascribed each of her acts to a specific space as noted above, he turned events that (if they happened at all) would otherwise have been accessible to at most a few people – the goings-on inside Clodia's house (domus) in Rome, in her private garden by the Tiber or at her country house at Baiae – into the public object of the trial of Caelius. In so doing, Cicero accused her of having used these built spaces in a manner that had infringed on social spaces that were unsuitable for respectful women, because they were, so he insinuated, reserved for men. It is the infringement of these #gendered social spaces that constitute her worst transgression according to Cicero."
Read more:
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/1468-0424.12794 -
The Misunderstood #RomanEmpress Who Willed Her Way to the Top
A fresh view of #GallaPlacidia, who married a barbarian and ruled when the world power fell into chaos
by Romy Blümel, January/February 2023
Excerpt: "It was around midnight that the cataclysm began. #Placidia would have heard distant sounds of Gothic horns and growing pandemonium around the Salarian Gate in the city’s northwest; not long afterward, flames could be seen rising from the nearby Gardens of Sallust.
"The Goths had breached the walls. The British-born monk Pelagius, who was also trapped in Rome that same night, used language that echoed the biblical vision of Judgment Day to convey the horror of the moment: 'Rome, the mistress of the world, shivered, crushed with fear, at the sound of the blaring trumpets and the howling of the Goths.'
"St. Jerome, when he heard the dreadful news from Roman refugees, captured the sense of shock: 'It is the end of the world!' he wrote. 'Words fail me; sobs prevent me from speaking. The city that once subjugated the world has been subjugated in its turn!'
"For Romans, it was the beginning of the end. But for Placidia, it was just one more twist in an astonishing life saga that could have inspired a subplot of 'Game of Thrones.' After the sack, the pampered and beautiful princess would be taken from her gilded palace as a prisoner of the Visigoths. Four years later, Placidia shocked Romans by marrying one of her captors. Then, by age 26, she was back in Italy, re-inventing herself to rule as the last empress of the Western Roman Empire.
"And yet, she has been treated mercilessly by historians, who have either vilified or ignored her for most of the last 1,500 years. This has left her today all but forgotten, even though the final decades of the Western world’s most enduring empire cannot be understood without her.
#Cleopatra, Joan of Arc, Catherine the Great — to the roster of history’s unfairly maligned women leaders must be added the name of #GallaPlacidiaAugusta.Although her name in Latin means
'placidity' or 'peace,' Placidia’s life was anything but; she experienced more adventures than Marie Antoinette and Amelia Earhart combined. Perhaps no other figure, male or female, enjoyed such an intimate view of the Western Roman Empire’s operatic death throes or influenced events for such a prolonged period. But the attacks on her reputation began not long after her death, with authors like Cassiodorus denouncing her rule as the nadir of Rome’s fortunes. Only in recent years have scholars gone back to read the contemporary sources with more objectivity, revealing Placidia as a far more sympathetic figure, a strong-willed leader with radical ideas on how to save the crumbling empire."It’s part of a general reassessment of her era, known as late antiquity, once dismissed as a gloomy saga of 'decline and fall' to the Middle Ages, including a fresh look at so-called #barbarians, who were far more sophisticated than Romans alleged.
" 'Placidia had an amazingly adventurous life,' explained Paola Novara, a scholar at the National Museum of Ravenna, who has written about Placidia’s legacy, including her influence on art and architecture throughout Europe. 'She was a hostage for years. She was married twice, to a Gothic king, then to Rome’s most powerful general. She had one child who died, another who became emperor. She must have been a very strong and powerful character. But there has long been a negative image of Placidia,' she continued. 'She was not a bad sovereign. She was brave and capable. In fact, Placidia was the last significant ruler of the Western Roman Empire. She managed it for 25 years!' "
Read more:
https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/misunderstood-roman-empress-willed-way-to-top-180981294/Archived version:
https://archive.ph/JPuze#WomenRulers #RomanWomen #RomanHistory #FallOfRome #History #Histodon
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The Drugs Used by the #AncientGreeks and #Romans
November 26th, 2021
"Many of us living in the parts of the world where marijuana has recently been legalized may regard ourselves as partaking of a highly modern pleasure. And given the ever-increasing sophistication of the growing and processing techniques that underlie what has become a formidable #cannabis industry, perhaps, on some level, we are. But as intellectually avid enthusiasts of #psychoactive substances won’t hesitate to tell you, their use stretches farther back in time than history itself. 'For as long as there has been civilization, there have been #MindAlteringDrugs,' writes Science’s Andrew Lawler. But was anyone using them in the predecessors to western civilization as we know it today?
"For quite some time, scholars believed that unlike, say, Mesoamerica or north Africa, 'the ancient Near East had seemed curiously drug-free.' But now, 'new techniques for analyzing residues in excavated jars and identifying tiny amounts of plant material suggest that ancient Near Easterners indulged in a range of #psychoactive substances.'
"The latest evidence suggests that, already three millennia ago, 'drugs like cannabis had arrived in #Mesopotamia, while people from #Turkey to #Egypt experimented with local substances such as blue water lily.' That these habits seem to have continued in ancient Greece and Rome is suggested by archaeological evidence summarized in the video above.
"In 2019, archaeologists unearthed a few precious artifacts from a fourth-century Scythian burial mound near Stavropol in Russia. There were 'golden armbands, golden cups, a heavy gold ring, and the greatest treasure of all, two spectacular golden vessels,' says narrator Garrett Ryan, who earned a PhD in Greek and Roman History from the University of Michigan. The interiors of those last
'were coated with a sticky black residue,' confirmed in the lab to be #opium with traces of #marijuana. 'The #Scythians, in other words, got high' — as did 'their Greek and Roman neighbors.' Ryan, author of Naked Statues, Fat Gladiators, and War Elephants: Frequently Asked Questions about the Ancient Greeks and Romans, goes on to make intriguing connections between scattered but relevant pieces of archaeological and textual evidence. We know that some of our civilizational forebears got high; how many, and how high, are questions for future scholastic inquiry."Source:
https://www.openculture.com/2021/11/the-drugs-used-by-the-ancient-greeks-and-romans.html#MysteryCults #Rituals #RomanHistory #GreekHistory #AncientHistory #BlueLotus
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The One-Eyed #African Queen Who Defeated the #RomanEmpire
Cocky male monarchs underestimated #QueenAmanirenas for her gender, her race, and her disability. Each time, they did so at their own peril.
Adhiambo Edith Magak
Sep 22, 2021Excerpt: "The legendary Roman emperor #CaesarAugustus was on the Greek island of Samos, preparing for an important expedition to Syria, when he received envoys from the Kingdom of #Kush, in present-day #Sudan. Journalist Selina O’Grady records in her book And Man Created God that the ambassadors presented Augustus with a bundle of golden arrows and relayed this message: 'The Candace sends you these arrows.' (Candace was the Latinized spelling of #Kandake, the Kushite term for 'queen.')
"They added that the emperor had two options for how to view the offering: 'If you want peace, they are a token of her warmth and friendship. If you want war, you will need them.'
"For an African queen to give such an ultimatum to the most powerful man in the world would have been considered a serious insult. After all, #Augustus had almost single-handedly transformed #Rome from a republic to an empire, and the territory he now reigned over stretched from as far as northern Spain, through to parts of central Europe, and all the way to Egypt. His legions wore bronze breastplates and wielded spears, swords and javelins, all much superior to the hatchets the #Kushites carried as weapons. In addition, Kush had many natural resources — such as gold mines, iron and ivory — that could have enriched the treasuries of Rome, enticing Augustus to attack, even without the insult.
"But this Kushite queen — whom the Greek geographer and historian Strabo of Amasia described as 'a masculine sort of woman and blind in one eye' — had proved to be a formidable foe for the 'son of god,' the title given to Caesar Augustus on Roman coins. He received the bundle of arrows from the envoys and promptly signed a peace treaty.
"In truth, this was not so much a treaty as it was a surrender. Augustus submitted to all of the demands made by Queen #Amanirenas, including that the Romans withdraw from all Kushite territories they had occupied and pledge that they would never again seek to collect taxes or tributes from her kingdom.
"It was a remarkable concession for the world’s most powerful man, demonstrating just how feared and respected the one-eyed queen truly was."
Read more / listen:
https://www.narratively.com/p/the-one-eyed-african-queen-who-defeated-the-roman-empireArchived version:
https://archive.ph/PGd0v -
The One-Eyed #African Queen Who Defeated the #RomanEmpire
Cocky male monarchs underestimated #QueenAmanirenas for her gender, her race, and her disability. Each time, they did so at their own peril.
Adhiambo Edith Magak
Sep 22, 2021Excerpt: "The legendary Roman emperor #CaesarAugustus was on the Greek island of Samos, preparing for an important expedition to Syria, when he received envoys from the Kingdom of #Kush, in present-day #Sudan. Journalist Selina O’Grady records in her book And Man Created God that the ambassadors presented Augustus with a bundle of golden arrows and relayed this message: 'The Candace sends you these arrows.' (Candace was the Latinized spelling of #Kandake, the Kushite term for 'queen.')
"They added that the emperor had two options for how to view the offering: 'If you want peace, they are a token of her warmth and friendship. If you want war, you will need them.'
"For an African queen to give such an ultimatum to the most powerful man in the world would have been considered a serious insult. After all, #Augustus had almost single-handedly transformed #Rome from a republic to an empire, and the territory he now reigned over stretched from as far as northern Spain, through to parts of central Europe, and all the way to Egypt. His legions wore bronze breastplates and wielded spears, swords and javelins, all much superior to the hatchets the #Kushites carried as weapons. In addition, Kush had many natural resources — such as gold mines, iron and ivory — that could have enriched the treasuries of Rome, enticing Augustus to attack, even without the insult.
"But this Kushite queen — whom the Greek geographer and historian Strabo of Amasia described as 'a masculine sort of woman and blind in one eye' — had proved to be a formidable foe for the 'son of god,' the title given to Caesar Augustus on Roman coins. He received the bundle of arrows from the envoys and promptly signed a peace treaty.
"In truth, this was not so much a treaty as it was a surrender. Augustus submitted to all of the demands made by Queen #Amanirenas, including that the Romans withdraw from all Kushite territories they had occupied and pledge that they would never again seek to collect taxes or tributes from her kingdom.
"It was a remarkable concession for the world’s most powerful man, demonstrating just how feared and respected the one-eyed queen truly was."
Read more / listen:
https://www.narratively.com/p/the-one-eyed-african-queen-who-defeated-the-roman-empireArchived version:
https://archive.ph/PGd0v -
The One-Eyed #African Queen Who Defeated the #RomanEmpire
Cocky male monarchs underestimated #QueenAmanirenas for her gender, her race, and her disability. Each time, they did so at their own peril.
Adhiambo Edith Magak
Sep 22, 2021Excerpt: "The legendary Roman emperor #CaesarAugustus was on the Greek island of Samos, preparing for an important expedition to Syria, when he received envoys from the Kingdom of #Kush, in present-day #Sudan. Journalist Selina O’Grady records in her book And Man Created God that the ambassadors presented Augustus with a bundle of golden arrows and relayed this message: 'The Candace sends you these arrows.' (Candace was the Latinized spelling of #Kandake, the Kushite term for 'queen.')
"They added that the emperor had two options for how to view the offering: 'If you want peace, they are a token of her warmth and friendship. If you want war, you will need them.'
"For an African queen to give such an ultimatum to the most powerful man in the world would have been considered a serious insult. After all, #Augustus had almost single-handedly transformed #Rome from a republic to an empire, and the territory he now reigned over stretched from as far as northern Spain, through to parts of central Europe, and all the way to Egypt. His legions wore bronze breastplates and wielded spears, swords and javelins, all much superior to the hatchets the #Kushites carried as weapons. In addition, Kush had many natural resources — such as gold mines, iron and ivory — that could have enriched the treasuries of Rome, enticing Augustus to attack, even without the insult.
"But this Kushite queen — whom the Greek geographer and historian Strabo of Amasia described as 'a masculine sort of woman and blind in one eye' — had proved to be a formidable foe for the 'son of god,' the title given to Caesar Augustus on Roman coins. He received the bundle of arrows from the envoys and promptly signed a peace treaty.
"In truth, this was not so much a treaty as it was a surrender. Augustus submitted to all of the demands made by Queen #Amanirenas, including that the Romans withdraw from all Kushite territories they had occupied and pledge that they would never again seek to collect taxes or tributes from her kingdom.
"It was a remarkable concession for the world’s most powerful man, demonstrating just how feared and respected the one-eyed queen truly was."
Read more / listen:
https://www.narratively.com/p/the-one-eyed-african-queen-who-defeated-the-roman-empireArchived version:
https://archive.ph/PGd0v -
The One-Eyed #African Queen Who Defeated the #RomanEmpire
Cocky male monarchs underestimated #QueenAmanirenas for her gender, her race, and her disability. Each time, they did so at their own peril.
Adhiambo Edith Magak
Sep 22, 2021Excerpt: "The legendary Roman emperor #CaesarAugustus was on the Greek island of Samos, preparing for an important expedition to Syria, when he received envoys from the Kingdom of #Kush, in present-day #Sudan. Journalist Selina O’Grady records in her book And Man Created God that the ambassadors presented Augustus with a bundle of golden arrows and relayed this message: 'The Candace sends you these arrows.' (Candace was the Latinized spelling of #Kandake, the Kushite term for 'queen.')
"They added that the emperor had two options for how to view the offering: 'If you want peace, they are a token of her warmth and friendship. If you want war, you will need them.'
"For an African queen to give such an ultimatum to the most powerful man in the world would have been considered a serious insult. After all, #Augustus had almost single-handedly transformed #Rome from a republic to an empire, and the territory he now reigned over stretched from as far as northern Spain, through to parts of central Europe, and all the way to Egypt. His legions wore bronze breastplates and wielded spears, swords and javelins, all much superior to the hatchets the #Kushites carried as weapons. In addition, Kush had many natural resources — such as gold mines, iron and ivory — that could have enriched the treasuries of Rome, enticing Augustus to attack, even without the insult.
"But this Kushite queen — whom the Greek geographer and historian Strabo of Amasia described as 'a masculine sort of woman and blind in one eye' — had proved to be a formidable foe for the 'son of god,' the title given to Caesar Augustus on Roman coins. He received the bundle of arrows from the envoys and promptly signed a peace treaty.
"In truth, this was not so much a treaty as it was a surrender. Augustus submitted to all of the demands made by Queen #Amanirenas, including that the Romans withdraw from all Kushite territories they had occupied and pledge that they would never again seek to collect taxes or tributes from her kingdom.
"It was a remarkable concession for the world’s most powerful man, demonstrating just how feared and respected the one-eyed queen truly was."
Read more / listen:
https://www.narratively.com/p/the-one-eyed-african-queen-who-defeated-the-roman-empireArchived version:
https://archive.ph/PGd0v -
The One-Eyed #African Queen Who Defeated the #RomanEmpire
Cocky male monarchs underestimated #QueenAmanirenas for her gender, her race, and her disability. Each time, they did so at their own peril.
Adhiambo Edith Magak
Sep 22, 2021Excerpt: "The legendary Roman emperor #CaesarAugustus was on the Greek island of Samos, preparing for an important expedition to Syria, when he received envoys from the Kingdom of #Kush, in present-day #Sudan. Journalist Selina O’Grady records in her book And Man Created God that the ambassadors presented Augustus with a bundle of golden arrows and relayed this message: 'The Candace sends you these arrows.' (Candace was the Latinized spelling of #Kandake, the Kushite term for 'queen.')
"They added that the emperor had two options for how to view the offering: 'If you want peace, they are a token of her warmth and friendship. If you want war, you will need them.'
"For an African queen to give such an ultimatum to the most powerful man in the world would have been considered a serious insult. After all, #Augustus had almost single-handedly transformed #Rome from a republic to an empire, and the territory he now reigned over stretched from as far as northern Spain, through to parts of central Europe, and all the way to Egypt. His legions wore bronze breastplates and wielded spears, swords and javelins, all much superior to the hatchets the #Kushites carried as weapons. In addition, Kush had many natural resources — such as gold mines, iron and ivory — that could have enriched the treasuries of Rome, enticing Augustus to attack, even without the insult.
"But this Kushite queen — whom the Greek geographer and historian Strabo of Amasia described as 'a masculine sort of woman and blind in one eye' — had proved to be a formidable foe for the 'son of god,' the title given to Caesar Augustus on Roman coins. He received the bundle of arrows from the envoys and promptly signed a peace treaty.
"In truth, this was not so much a treaty as it was a surrender. Augustus submitted to all of the demands made by Queen #Amanirenas, including that the Romans withdraw from all Kushite territories they had occupied and pledge that they would never again seek to collect taxes or tributes from her kingdom.
"It was a remarkable concession for the world’s most powerful man, demonstrating just how feared and respected the one-eyed queen truly was."
Read more / listen:
https://www.narratively.com/p/the-one-eyed-african-queen-who-defeated-the-roman-empireArchived version:
https://archive.ph/PGd0v -
Not surprising...!
How #Patriarchy Undermined the #RomanRepublic
by Douglas Boin, Nov 24, 2025 2:00 PM
Excerpt: "The men of the republic, who called themselves their society’s 'Chosen Fathers,' enforced this two-tiered society through strict #VotingLaws and limits on women’s #autonomy. Heavily manipulated voting districts ensured that only the voices of the senatorial elite, Rome’s self-proclaimed optimates, or 'best men,' dominated, not progressive champions, freed slaves, or newly-enfranchised citizens. No woman could run for higher office. Women could neither sit on juries, nor exercise their vote.
" 'As soon as women become the equals of men,' the statesman and senator Cato the Elder said in 212 B.C., 'they will have become our masters.'
"Yet as Rome’s republic expanded beyond the capital city, beyond Italy, and gradually acquired its Mediterranean empire, stories of a different sort of woman reset women’s expectations at home. In the eastern Mediterranean, highly educated woman philosophers, avant-garde poets, and above all, the fearless Greek-speaking queens of Egypt, including #Cleopatra, held sway. Inspired by these role models across #Europe, #Africa, and #Asia, #RomanWoman began to challenge the republic’s inequities and ideologies and claim their voices in the male-dominated republic.
"Grandmothers and mothers taught their daughters to read and cultivate their intellectual talents. An educated girl, the new wave of educators argued, knew how to assert herself against a man who 'swaggers through the city acting like a tyrant.' Cato’s quotation comes from a pivotal moment when women and their allies poured into the streets to demand the repeal of a war-time-era tax on their savings. Other women were political leaders who earned the scorn of their contemporaries. Some were erased or forgotten. In one case, the life of an upper-class woman and contemporary of Julius Caesar, Clodia, saw her reputation destroyed by false claims of harlotry, home-wrecking, and husband-killing.
"#Clodia, an unapologetic champion for expanded voting rights for the enfranchised men of Italy, bravely went before an all-male jury in the center of the Roman Forum in April 56 B.C., as the prosecution’s star witness to testify against her day’s runway, endemic corruption. Instead of defending his client from the charges, however, the leading defense attorney, Marcus Tullius Cicero, turned the case into a referendum on Clodia’s character. Transforming Clodia into the trial’s villain, the speech, the Pro Caelio, outlasted Rome’s fall. It has been taught in high school and college classrooms for two millennia as a masterclass of rhetoric, from which countless men in business, law, and politics have learned to emulate Cicero’s #misogyny.
"Trailblazing women like Clodia have always, in the historian’s shorthand, been called “ahead of their time.” But history deserves to be told from another point of view: by pointing out the parade of men who have stubbornly and perennially thwarted progress. Rome’s republic might have survived a bit longer had its own people listened to, not silenced, its women."Read more:
https://time.com/7326211/roman-republic-women/Archived version:
https://archive.ph/YJcBB#RomanWomen #HistoryRepeatsItself #FallOfRome #RomanHistory #USPol #HistoryRepeats #WomensRights #VoterDisenfranchisement
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Not surprising...!
How #Patriarchy Undermined the #RomanRepublic
by Douglas Boin, Nov 24, 2025 2:00 PM
Excerpt: "The men of the republic, who called themselves their society’s 'Chosen Fathers,' enforced this two-tiered society through strict #VotingLaws and limits on women’s #autonomy. Heavily manipulated voting districts ensured that only the voices of the senatorial elite, Rome’s self-proclaimed optimates, or 'best men,' dominated, not progressive champions, freed slaves, or newly-enfranchised citizens. No woman could run for higher office. Women could neither sit on juries, nor exercise their vote.
" 'As soon as women become the equals of men,' the statesman and senator Cato the Elder said in 212 B.C., 'they will have become our masters.'
"Yet as Rome’s republic expanded beyond the capital city, beyond Italy, and gradually acquired its Mediterranean empire, stories of a different sort of woman reset women’s expectations at home. In the eastern Mediterranean, highly educated woman philosophers, avant-garde poets, and above all, the fearless Greek-speaking queens of Egypt, including #Cleopatra, held sway. Inspired by these role models across #Europe, #Africa, and #Asia, #RomanWoman began to challenge the republic’s inequities and ideologies and claim their voices in the male-dominated republic.
"Grandmothers and mothers taught their daughters to read and cultivate their intellectual talents. An educated girl, the new wave of educators argued, knew how to assert herself against a man who 'swaggers through the city acting like a tyrant.' Cato’s quotation comes from a pivotal moment when women and their allies poured into the streets to demand the repeal of a war-time-era tax on their savings. Other women were political leaders who earned the scorn of their contemporaries. Some were erased or forgotten. In one case, the life of an upper-class woman and contemporary of Julius Caesar, Clodia, saw her reputation destroyed by false claims of harlotry, home-wrecking, and husband-killing.
"#Clodia, an unapologetic champion for expanded voting rights for the enfranchised men of Italy, bravely went before an all-male jury in the center of the Roman Forum in April 56 B.C., as the prosecution’s star witness to testify against her day’s runway, endemic corruption. Instead of defending his client from the charges, however, the leading defense attorney, Marcus Tullius Cicero, turned the case into a referendum on Clodia’s character. Transforming Clodia into the trial’s villain, the speech, the Pro Caelio, outlasted Rome’s fall. It has been taught in high school and college classrooms for two millennia as a masterclass of rhetoric, from which countless men in business, law, and politics have learned to emulate Cicero’s #misogyny.
"Trailblazing women like Clodia have always, in the historian’s shorthand, been called “ahead of their time.” But history deserves to be told from another point of view: by pointing out the parade of men who have stubbornly and perennially thwarted progress. Rome’s republic might have survived a bit longer had its own people listened to, not silenced, its women."Read more:
https://time.com/7326211/roman-republic-women/Archived version:
https://archive.ph/YJcBB#RomanWomen #HistoryRepeatsItself #FallOfRome #RomanHistory #USPol #HistoryRepeats #WomensRights #VoterDisenfranchisement
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Not surprising...!
How #Patriarchy Undermined the #RomanRepublic
by Douglas Boin, Nov 24, 2025 2:00 PM
Excerpt: "The men of the republic, who called themselves their society’s 'Chosen Fathers,' enforced this two-tiered society through strict #VotingLaws and limits on women’s #autonomy. Heavily manipulated voting districts ensured that only the voices of the senatorial elite, Rome’s self-proclaimed optimates, or 'best men,' dominated, not progressive champions, freed slaves, or newly-enfranchised citizens. No woman could run for higher office. Women could neither sit on juries, nor exercise their vote.
" 'As soon as women become the equals of men,' the statesman and senator Cato the Elder said in 212 B.C., 'they will have become our masters.'
"Yet as Rome’s republic expanded beyond the capital city, beyond Italy, and gradually acquired its Mediterranean empire, stories of a different sort of woman reset women’s expectations at home. In the eastern Mediterranean, highly educated woman philosophers, avant-garde poets, and above all, the fearless Greek-speaking queens of Egypt, including #Cleopatra, held sway. Inspired by these role models across #Europe, #Africa, and #Asia, #RomanWoman began to challenge the republic’s inequities and ideologies and claim their voices in the male-dominated republic.
"Grandmothers and mothers taught their daughters to read and cultivate their intellectual talents. An educated girl, the new wave of educators argued, knew how to assert herself against a man who 'swaggers through the city acting like a tyrant.' Cato’s quotation comes from a pivotal moment when women and their allies poured into the streets to demand the repeal of a war-time-era tax on their savings. Other women were political leaders who earned the scorn of their contemporaries. Some were erased or forgotten. In one case, the life of an upper-class woman and contemporary of Julius Caesar, Clodia, saw her reputation destroyed by false claims of harlotry, home-wrecking, and husband-killing.
"#Clodia, an unapologetic champion for expanded voting rights for the enfranchised men of Italy, bravely went before an all-male jury in the center of the Roman Forum in April 56 B.C., as the prosecution’s star witness to testify against her day’s runway, endemic corruption. Instead of defending his client from the charges, however, the leading defense attorney, Marcus Tullius Cicero, turned the case into a referendum on Clodia’s character. Transforming Clodia into the trial’s villain, the speech, the Pro Caelio, outlasted Rome’s fall. It has been taught in high school and college classrooms for two millennia as a masterclass of rhetoric, from which countless men in business, law, and politics have learned to emulate Cicero’s #misogyny.
"Trailblazing women like Clodia have always, in the historian’s shorthand, been called “ahead of their time.” But history deserves to be told from another point of view: by pointing out the parade of men who have stubbornly and perennially thwarted progress. Rome’s republic might have survived a bit longer had its own people listened to, not silenced, its women."Read more:
https://time.com/7326211/roman-republic-women/Archived version:
https://archive.ph/YJcBB#RomanWomen #HistoryRepeatsItself #FallOfRome #RomanHistory #USPol #HistoryRepeats #WomensRights #VoterDisenfranchisement
-
Not surprising...!
How #Patriarchy Undermined the #RomanRepublic
by Douglas Boin, Nov 24, 2025 2:00 PM
Excerpt: "The men of the republic, who called themselves their society’s 'Chosen Fathers,' enforced this two-tiered society through strict #VotingLaws and limits on women’s #autonomy. Heavily manipulated voting districts ensured that only the voices of the senatorial elite, Rome’s self-proclaimed optimates, or 'best men,' dominated, not progressive champions, freed slaves, or newly-enfranchised citizens. No woman could run for higher office. Women could neither sit on juries, nor exercise their vote.
" 'As soon as women become the equals of men,' the statesman and senator Cato the Elder said in 212 B.C., 'they will have become our masters.'
"Yet as Rome’s republic expanded beyond the capital city, beyond Italy, and gradually acquired its Mediterranean empire, stories of a different sort of woman reset women’s expectations at home. In the eastern Mediterranean, highly educated woman philosophers, avant-garde poets, and above all, the fearless Greek-speaking queens of Egypt, including #Cleopatra, held sway. Inspired by these role models across #Europe, #Africa, and #Asia, #RomanWoman began to challenge the republic’s inequities and ideologies and claim their voices in the male-dominated republic.
"Grandmothers and mothers taught their daughters to read and cultivate their intellectual talents. An educated girl, the new wave of educators argued, knew how to assert herself against a man who 'swaggers through the city acting like a tyrant.' Cato’s quotation comes from a pivotal moment when women and their allies poured into the streets to demand the repeal of a war-time-era tax on their savings. Other women were political leaders who earned the scorn of their contemporaries. Some were erased or forgotten. In one case, the life of an upper-class woman and contemporary of Julius Caesar, Clodia, saw her reputation destroyed by false claims of harlotry, home-wrecking, and husband-killing.
"#Clodia, an unapologetic champion for expanded voting rights for the enfranchised men of Italy, bravely went before an all-male jury in the center of the Roman Forum in April 56 B.C., as the prosecution’s star witness to testify against her day’s runway, endemic corruption. Instead of defending his client from the charges, however, the leading defense attorney, Marcus Tullius Cicero, turned the case into a referendum on Clodia’s character. Transforming Clodia into the trial’s villain, the speech, the Pro Caelio, outlasted Rome’s fall. It has been taught in high school and college classrooms for two millennia as a masterclass of rhetoric, from which countless men in business, law, and politics have learned to emulate Cicero’s #misogyny.
"Trailblazing women like Clodia have always, in the historian’s shorthand, been called “ahead of their time.” But history deserves to be told from another point of view: by pointing out the parade of men who have stubbornly and perennially thwarted progress. Rome’s republic might have survived a bit longer had its own people listened to, not silenced, its women."Read more:
https://time.com/7326211/roman-republic-women/Archived version:
https://archive.ph/YJcBB#RomanWomen #HistoryRepeatsItself #FallOfRome #RomanHistory #USPol #HistoryRepeats #WomensRights #VoterDisenfranchisement
-
Not surprising...!
How #Patriarchy Undermined the #RomanRepublic
by Douglas Boin, Nov 24, 2025 2:00 PM
Excerpt: "The men of the republic, who called themselves their society’s 'Chosen Fathers,' enforced this two-tiered society through strict #VotingLaws and limits on women’s #autonomy. Heavily manipulated voting districts ensured that only the voices of the senatorial elite, Rome’s self-proclaimed optimates, or 'best men,' dominated, not progressive champions, freed slaves, or newly-enfranchised citizens. No woman could run for higher office. Women could neither sit on juries, nor exercise their vote.
" 'As soon as women become the equals of men,' the statesman and senator Cato the Elder said in 212 B.C., 'they will have become our masters.'
"Yet as Rome’s republic expanded beyond the capital city, beyond Italy, and gradually acquired its Mediterranean empire, stories of a different sort of woman reset women’s expectations at home. In the eastern Mediterranean, highly educated woman philosophers, avant-garde poets, and above all, the fearless Greek-speaking queens of Egypt, including #Cleopatra, held sway. Inspired by these role models across #Europe, #Africa, and #Asia, #RomanWoman began to challenge the republic’s inequities and ideologies and claim their voices in the male-dominated republic.
"Grandmothers and mothers taught their daughters to read and cultivate their intellectual talents. An educated girl, the new wave of educators argued, knew how to assert herself against a man who 'swaggers through the city acting like a tyrant.' Cato’s quotation comes from a pivotal moment when women and their allies poured into the streets to demand the repeal of a war-time-era tax on their savings. Other women were political leaders who earned the scorn of their contemporaries. Some were erased or forgotten. In one case, the life of an upper-class woman and contemporary of Julius Caesar, Clodia, saw her reputation destroyed by false claims of harlotry, home-wrecking, and husband-killing.
"#Clodia, an unapologetic champion for expanded voting rights for the enfranchised men of Italy, bravely went before an all-male jury in the center of the Roman Forum in April 56 B.C., as the prosecution’s star witness to testify against her day’s runway, endemic corruption. Instead of defending his client from the charges, however, the leading defense attorney, Marcus Tullius Cicero, turned the case into a referendum on Clodia’s character. Transforming Clodia into the trial’s villain, the speech, the Pro Caelio, outlasted Rome’s fall. It has been taught in high school and college classrooms for two millennia as a masterclass of rhetoric, from which countless men in business, law, and politics have learned to emulate Cicero’s #misogyny.
"Trailblazing women like Clodia have always, in the historian’s shorthand, been called “ahead of their time.” But history deserves to be told from another point of view: by pointing out the parade of men who have stubbornly and perennially thwarted progress. Rome’s republic might have survived a bit longer had its own people listened to, not silenced, its women."Read more:
https://time.com/7326211/roman-republic-women/Archived version:
https://archive.ph/YJcBB#RomanWomen #HistoryRepeatsItself #FallOfRome #RomanHistory #USPol #HistoryRepeats #WomensRights #VoterDisenfranchisement
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ICYMI
I recently went on a trip to Budapest, Bucharest, Transylvania, and Vienna, and blogged about it. It covers a lot of my favourite things:
- (Sleeper) trains
- Craft beer & specialty coffee
- (Roman) history, archaeology, and art
- Hash House Harriers and trail running
If any of those things interest you too, or you just like pretty pictures, check out https://www.martijn.be/tag/TT202510/?order=asc
#FlightFree #craftbeer #romanhistory #TransylvaniaHalloweenHashTrip #CrossBorderRail -
Katie Parla’s Love Letter to the Eternal City https://www.diningandcooking.com/2366261/katie-parlas-love-letter-to-the-eternal-city/ #AdaBoni #CulinaryGuide #EternalCity #FoodOfTheItalianSouth #IlTalismanoDellaFelicitá #Italia #Italian #ItalianCookbooks #ItalianFoodCulture #ItalianRegionalCuisine #italiano #italy #KatieParla #RegionalCuisine #RomanCuisine #RomanFoodHistory #RomanHistory #RomanRecipes #RomeCookbook #TastingRome
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How did female prostitutes in ancient Rome avoid pregnancies without using condoms?
#ancientrome #romanhistory #history #romanrepublic #romanempire #romanprostitutes #prostitutes #prostitution #unwantedpregnancies #sexworkers #contraception #contraceptives #condoms #sex
