#genderroles — Public Fediverse posts
Live and recent posts from across the Fediverse tagged #genderroles, aggregated by home.social.
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DATE: July 21, 2026 at 10:00PM
SOURCE: PSYPOST.ORG** Research quality varies widely from fantastic to small exploratory studies. Please check research methods when conclusions are very important to you. **
-------------------------------------------------TITLE: Jealousy increases men’s support for feminine honor norms, study finds
A recent study found that men become somewhat more supportive of feminine honor norms when they feel jealous. This was not the case with women. Additionally, individuals with a more restricted mating orientation also showed greater support for feminine honor norms. The paper was published in Cognition and Emotion.
Feminine honor norms are cultural expectations about how women should behave to be regarded as respectable and honorable. They typically require women to uphold a reputation for sexual purity through behaviors such as dressing modestly or maintaining virginity before marriage. A woman’s behavior may be seen as reflecting not only on herself but also on her family or wider social group.
These norms can therefore encourage women to avoid actions that might attract gossip, criticism, or accusations of impropriety. They may also prescribe traditional gender roles, such as being caring, loyal, obedient, and devoted to family responsibilities.
Feminine honor norms are often reinforced by relatives, peers, religious teachings, and community expectations. In many cultures, it is considered that a woman abiding by feminine honor norms also protects the honor of her partner. Feminine honor norms can sometimes provide women with a valued social identity, but they can also restrict autonomy and justify unequal monitoring or control.
“I wanted to understand the psychological roots of feminine honor norms — the expectation that women be sexually pure, chaste, and loyal to their husbands and family,” said study author Pelin Gul, an assistant professor of social psychology in the Department of Sustainability and Well-Being at the University of Groningen’s Campus Fryslan.
“These norms underpin the social control and restriction of women’s access to work, education, and health, and they underlie many harmful practices, such as honor-based violence, forced marriage, and virginity testing. So, understanding support for feminine honor norms felt like a natural first step toward understanding these broader harmful practices against women,” Gul told PsyPost. “I also have a personal connection to this question. As a woman from Turkey, a so-called honor culture, I’ve long wondered why some people endorse these norms while others don’t, and I wanted to know whether there’s a deeper psychological explanation behind that variation.”
While researchers often cite protecting the honor of male partners or upholding patriarchal dominance as explanations for these norms, some scientists suggest an alternative view: feminine honor norms may serve as a form of “ideological mate guarding.” Because humans evolved in environments where paternity uncertainty was a reproductive risk for men, men developed adaptations to guard their mates. By promoting cultural norms that restrict female sexuality, individuals can deter infidelity without relying solely on direct, physical mate-guarding tactics.
“The common explanations people are usually aware of, such as cultural explanations, social learning, or accounts framed purely in terms of patriarchy and male power, aren’t the only way to understand why some people support feminine honor norms, and why some support them more than others,” Gul explained.
Gul and her main collaborator, Tom Kupfer, an associate professor of psychology at Nottingham Trent University, hypothesized that higher levels of sexual jealousy, elicited via exposure to a threat of infidelity, would increase support for feminine honor norms. They also wanted to know whether individuals with a more restricted mating strategy would show greater endorsement of feminine honor norms.
These researchers conducted two experiments. Participants in the first experiment were 388 men recruited via an online research platform. Their average age was 33 years. About 44% were married.
Participants were randomly assigned into two groups. Participants in the jealousy induction group were instructed to think of their romantic partner or someone towards whom they have strong romantic feelings, and then imagine that person flirting and being intimate with another person at a party. While imagining this scene, they paused and wrote about how they imagined it at specific points. The other group was a control group tasked to imagine an anxiety-producing scenario in which they took an important academic exam and failed.
As a check of the effect of the experimental scenario, participants completed an assessment of jealousy, which doubled as an indicator of participants’ subjective experience of jealousy. They also completed an assessment of support for feminine and other honor norms.
The second experiment aimed to test whether women also support feminine honor norms when they are induced to feel sexual jealousy. Participants were 551 U.S. adults. Among them, 264 were women. Participants’ average age was 33 years. The experimental procedure was identical to the one used in the first experiment.
Results of the first experiment showed that participants in the jealousy group felt much more jealous than participants in the control group, indicating that the experimental manipulation worked as intended. However, the support for feminine honor norms did not differ between the two groups.
In spite of that, participants who reported feeling greater jealousy tended to report stronger support for feminine honor norms. A more restricted mating strategy was also associated with stronger support for feminine honor norms. A more restricted mating strategy means that an individual is more selective about their romantic partners, has stronger preferences for long-term commitment and exclusivity in a relationship, and is less willing to engage in casual or short-term sexual relationships.
“A relatively monogamous or sociosexually restricted mating strategy is associated with greater support for feminine honor norms among both women and men, equally,” Gul said of the findings. “This is surprising because feminine honor norms are typically thought of as something promoted and enforced by men, particularly in patriarchal societies. Interestingly, though, the underlying psychology suggests these norms can also be motivated by women’s own restricted sociosexuality. This doesn’t rule out that men may have more opportunities to promote and enforce feminine honor norms in practice, but at the psychological level, it appears that both men and women can be motivated to support them.”
“This may be surprising from a traditional social science perspective, which often frames men as the hegemonic, patriarchal sex enforcing restrictions on a lower-power gender,” she continued. “From an evolutionary perspective, however, it’s less puzzling: women pursuing a restricted mating strategy — trying to maintain a stable, monogamous relationship — may benefit strategically from discouraging unrestricted mating behavior in other women, since that behavior increases the risk of losing their own mate to a rival. In that sense, it’s not surprising that individuals with a more restricted mating strategy (lower sociosexuality) would be more supportive of restrictive norms such as feminine honor.”
Results of the second experiment confirmed that individuals feeling greater jealousy tended to show higher support for feminine honor norms. Interestingly, men—but not women—in the jealousy group tended to report somewhat greater support for feminine honor norms compared to the control group, indicating that the experimental induction of jealousy likely increased their support for feminine honor norms. The association between jealousy and support for feminine sexual norms was also stronger among men than among women.
The researchers note that these associations persisted even after controlling for state masculinity threat, religiosity, political conservatism, age, and other types of honor norms, such as masculine and family honor.
“Our findings point to a psychological factor, namely, jealousy, which is an evolved emotion that all humans share to some degree, but that some people experience more intensely than others. When people experience heightened jealousy, this can make them more supportive of norms, values, and practices that reduce the likelihood of unfaithful or ‘impure’ types of behavior. We argue that, over large groups of people and across time, this is partly how strong cultural value systems, such as feminine honor, can take hold.”
The study contributes to the scientific understanding of jealousy and human mate retention strategies. However, it should be noted that all assessments were based on self-reports leaving room for reporting bias to have affected the results. The study also focused exclusively on heterosexual participants, and the findings may not generalize to other sexual orientations or non-Western cultures with different honor traditions.
“This is one of the first lines of research examining whether jealousy is associated with support for norms and values that restrict sexual behavior in society,” Gul pointed out. “So far, these studies have been conducted with Western participants, primarily from the U.S., to establish the basic findings. It remains to be seen whether the same patterns hold in societies that are more strongly honor-based, such as those in the Middle East.”
Future research will look to expand the scope of these findings globally.
“We aim to build a fuller understanding of the psychology underlying support for these norms, particularly the roles of mating strategy and jealousy,” Gul said. “We believe these patterns are likely to generalize across cultures, since mating strategy, mate guarding, and jealousy are species-typical adaptations that humans share, so we’d expect these findings to apply in many cultures, not just in Western samples. Along with this, our next steps are to extend and replicate these findings cross-culturally in more traditional honor cultures, such as Iran and Turkey. We also want to investigate whether ideological mate guarding predicts not just attitudes, but actual enforcement, including real-world punishment and other behaviors people engage in to uphold feminine honor norms.”
The paper, “Effects of experimentally induced jealousy on support for feminine honor,” was authored by Pelin Gul, Stephen Foster, Sajad Sojoudi, and Tom R. Kupfer.
-------------------------------------------------
Private, vetted email list for mental health professionals: https://www.clinicians-exchange.org
Unofficial Psychology Today Xitter to toot feed at Psych Today Unofficial Bot @PTUnofficialBot
-------------------------------------------------
#psychology #counseling #socialwork #psychotherapy @psychotherapist @psychotherapists @psychology @socialpsych @socialwork @psychiatry #mentalhealth #psychiatry #healthcare #depression #psychotherapist #Jealousy #FeminineHonor #HonorNorms #GenderRoles #MatingStrategy #Sociosexuality #Patriarchy #EvolutionaryPsychology #RelationshipJealousy #CognitionAndEmotion
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DATE: July 21, 2026 at 10:00PM
SOURCE: PSYPOST.ORG** Research quality varies widely from fantastic to small exploratory studies. Please check research methods when conclusions are very important to you. **
-------------------------------------------------TITLE: Jealousy increases men’s support for feminine honor norms, study finds
A recent study found that men become somewhat more supportive of feminine honor norms when they feel jealous. This was not the case with women. Additionally, individuals with a more restricted mating orientation also showed greater support for feminine honor norms. The paper was published in Cognition and Emotion.
Feminine honor norms are cultural expectations about how women should behave to be regarded as respectable and honorable. They typically require women to uphold a reputation for sexual purity through behaviors such as dressing modestly or maintaining virginity before marriage. A woman’s behavior may be seen as reflecting not only on herself but also on her family or wider social group.
These norms can therefore encourage women to avoid actions that might attract gossip, criticism, or accusations of impropriety. They may also prescribe traditional gender roles, such as being caring, loyal, obedient, and devoted to family responsibilities.
Feminine honor norms are often reinforced by relatives, peers, religious teachings, and community expectations. In many cultures, it is considered that a woman abiding by feminine honor norms also protects the honor of her partner. Feminine honor norms can sometimes provide women with a valued social identity, but they can also restrict autonomy and justify unequal monitoring or control.
“I wanted to understand the psychological roots of feminine honor norms — the expectation that women be sexually pure, chaste, and loyal to their husbands and family,” said study author Pelin Gul, an assistant professor of social psychology in the Department of Sustainability and Well-Being at the University of Groningen’s Campus Fryslan.
“These norms underpin the social control and restriction of women’s access to work, education, and health, and they underlie many harmful practices, such as honor-based violence, forced marriage, and virginity testing. So, understanding support for feminine honor norms felt like a natural first step toward understanding these broader harmful practices against women,” Gul told PsyPost. “I also have a personal connection to this question. As a woman from Turkey, a so-called honor culture, I’ve long wondered why some people endorse these norms while others don’t, and I wanted to know whether there’s a deeper psychological explanation behind that variation.”
While researchers often cite protecting the honor of male partners or upholding patriarchal dominance as explanations for these norms, some scientists suggest an alternative view: feminine honor norms may serve as a form of “ideological mate guarding.” Because humans evolved in environments where paternity uncertainty was a reproductive risk for men, men developed adaptations to guard their mates. By promoting cultural norms that restrict female sexuality, individuals can deter infidelity without relying solely on direct, physical mate-guarding tactics.
“The common explanations people are usually aware of, such as cultural explanations, social learning, or accounts framed purely in terms of patriarchy and male power, aren’t the only way to understand why some people support feminine honor norms, and why some support them more than others,” Gul explained.
Gul and her main collaborator, Tom Kupfer, an associate professor of psychology at Nottingham Trent University, hypothesized that higher levels of sexual jealousy, elicited via exposure to a threat of infidelity, would increase support for feminine honor norms. They also wanted to know whether individuals with a more restricted mating strategy would show greater endorsement of feminine honor norms.
These researchers conducted two experiments. Participants in the first experiment were 388 men recruited via an online research platform. Their average age was 33 years. About 44% were married.
Participants were randomly assigned into two groups. Participants in the jealousy induction group were instructed to think of their romantic partner or someone towards whom they have strong romantic feelings, and then imagine that person flirting and being intimate with another person at a party. While imagining this scene, they paused and wrote about how they imagined it at specific points. The other group was a control group tasked to imagine an anxiety-producing scenario in which they took an important academic exam and failed.
As a check of the effect of the experimental scenario, participants completed an assessment of jealousy, which doubled as an indicator of participants’ subjective experience of jealousy. They also completed an assessment of support for feminine and other honor norms.
The second experiment aimed to test whether women also support feminine honor norms when they are induced to feel sexual jealousy. Participants were 551 U.S. adults. Among them, 264 were women. Participants’ average age was 33 years. The experimental procedure was identical to the one used in the first experiment.
Results of the first experiment showed that participants in the jealousy group felt much more jealous than participants in the control group, indicating that the experimental manipulation worked as intended. However, the support for feminine honor norms did not differ between the two groups.
In spite of that, participants who reported feeling greater jealousy tended to report stronger support for feminine honor norms. A more restricted mating strategy was also associated with stronger support for feminine honor norms. A more restricted mating strategy means that an individual is more selective about their romantic partners, has stronger preferences for long-term commitment and exclusivity in a relationship, and is less willing to engage in casual or short-term sexual relationships.
“A relatively monogamous or sociosexually restricted mating strategy is associated with greater support for feminine honor norms among both women and men, equally,” Gul said of the findings. “This is surprising because feminine honor norms are typically thought of as something promoted and enforced by men, particularly in patriarchal societies. Interestingly, though, the underlying psychology suggests these norms can also be motivated by women’s own restricted sociosexuality. This doesn’t rule out that men may have more opportunities to promote and enforce feminine honor norms in practice, but at the psychological level, it appears that both men and women can be motivated to support them.”
“This may be surprising from a traditional social science perspective, which often frames men as the hegemonic, patriarchal sex enforcing restrictions on a lower-power gender,” she continued. “From an evolutionary perspective, however, it’s less puzzling: women pursuing a restricted mating strategy — trying to maintain a stable, monogamous relationship — may benefit strategically from discouraging unrestricted mating behavior in other women, since that behavior increases the risk of losing their own mate to a rival. In that sense, it’s not surprising that individuals with a more restricted mating strategy (lower sociosexuality) would be more supportive of restrictive norms such as feminine honor.”
Results of the second experiment confirmed that individuals feeling greater jealousy tended to show higher support for feminine honor norms. Interestingly, men—but not women—in the jealousy group tended to report somewhat greater support for feminine honor norms compared to the control group, indicating that the experimental induction of jealousy likely increased their support for feminine honor norms. The association between jealousy and support for feminine sexual norms was also stronger among men than among women.
The researchers note that these associations persisted even after controlling for state masculinity threat, religiosity, political conservatism, age, and other types of honor norms, such as masculine and family honor.
“Our findings point to a psychological factor, namely, jealousy, which is an evolved emotion that all humans share to some degree, but that some people experience more intensely than others. When people experience heightened jealousy, this can make them more supportive of norms, values, and practices that reduce the likelihood of unfaithful or ‘impure’ types of behavior. We argue that, over large groups of people and across time, this is partly how strong cultural value systems, such as feminine honor, can take hold.”
The study contributes to the scientific understanding of jealousy and human mate retention strategies. However, it should be noted that all assessments were based on self-reports leaving room for reporting bias to have affected the results. The study also focused exclusively on heterosexual participants, and the findings may not generalize to other sexual orientations or non-Western cultures with different honor traditions.
“This is one of the first lines of research examining whether jealousy is associated with support for norms and values that restrict sexual behavior in society,” Gul pointed out. “So far, these studies have been conducted with Western participants, primarily from the U.S., to establish the basic findings. It remains to be seen whether the same patterns hold in societies that are more strongly honor-based, such as those in the Middle East.”
Future research will look to expand the scope of these findings globally.
“We aim to build a fuller understanding of the psychology underlying support for these norms, particularly the roles of mating strategy and jealousy,” Gul said. “We believe these patterns are likely to generalize across cultures, since mating strategy, mate guarding, and jealousy are species-typical adaptations that humans share, so we’d expect these findings to apply in many cultures, not just in Western samples. Along with this, our next steps are to extend and replicate these findings cross-culturally in more traditional honor cultures, such as Iran and Turkey. We also want to investigate whether ideological mate guarding predicts not just attitudes, but actual enforcement, including real-world punishment and other behaviors people engage in to uphold feminine honor norms.”
The paper, “Effects of experimentally induced jealousy on support for feminine honor,” was authored by Pelin Gul, Stephen Foster, Sajad Sojoudi, and Tom R. Kupfer.
-------------------------------------------------
Private, vetted email list for mental health professionals: https://www.clinicians-exchange.org
Unofficial Psychology Today Xitter to toot feed at Psych Today Unofficial Bot @PTUnofficialBot
-------------------------------------------------
#psychology #counseling #socialwork #psychotherapy @psychotherapist @psychotherapists @psychology @socialpsych @socialwork @psychiatry #mentalhealth #psychiatry #healthcare #depression #psychotherapist #Jealousy #FeminineHonor #HonorNorms #GenderRoles #MatingStrategy #Sociosexuality #Patriarchy #EvolutionaryPsychology #RelationshipJealousy #CognitionAndEmotion
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DATE: July 21, 2026 at 10:00PM
SOURCE: PSYPOST.ORG** Research quality varies widely from fantastic to small exploratory studies. Please check research methods when conclusions are very important to you. **
-------------------------------------------------TITLE: Jealousy increases men’s support for feminine honor norms, study finds
A recent study found that men become somewhat more supportive of feminine honor norms when they feel jealous. This was not the case with women. Additionally, individuals with a more restricted mating orientation also showed greater support for feminine honor norms. The paper was published in Cognition and Emotion.
Feminine honor norms are cultural expectations about how women should behave to be regarded as respectable and honorable. They typically require women to uphold a reputation for sexual purity through behaviors such as dressing modestly or maintaining virginity before marriage. A woman’s behavior may be seen as reflecting not only on herself but also on her family or wider social group.
These norms can therefore encourage women to avoid actions that might attract gossip, criticism, or accusations of impropriety. They may also prescribe traditional gender roles, such as being caring, loyal, obedient, and devoted to family responsibilities.
Feminine honor norms are often reinforced by relatives, peers, religious teachings, and community expectations. In many cultures, it is considered that a woman abiding by feminine honor norms also protects the honor of her partner. Feminine honor norms can sometimes provide women with a valued social identity, but they can also restrict autonomy and justify unequal monitoring or control.
“I wanted to understand the psychological roots of feminine honor norms — the expectation that women be sexually pure, chaste, and loyal to their husbands and family,” said study author Pelin Gul, an assistant professor of social psychology in the Department of Sustainability and Well-Being at the University of Groningen’s Campus Fryslan.
“These norms underpin the social control and restriction of women’s access to work, education, and health, and they underlie many harmful practices, such as honor-based violence, forced marriage, and virginity testing. So, understanding support for feminine honor norms felt like a natural first step toward understanding these broader harmful practices against women,” Gul told PsyPost. “I also have a personal connection to this question. As a woman from Turkey, a so-called honor culture, I’ve long wondered why some people endorse these norms while others don’t, and I wanted to know whether there’s a deeper psychological explanation behind that variation.”
While researchers often cite protecting the honor of male partners or upholding patriarchal dominance as explanations for these norms, some scientists suggest an alternative view: feminine honor norms may serve as a form of “ideological mate guarding.” Because humans evolved in environments where paternity uncertainty was a reproductive risk for men, men developed adaptations to guard their mates. By promoting cultural norms that restrict female sexuality, individuals can deter infidelity without relying solely on direct, physical mate-guarding tactics.
“The common explanations people are usually aware of, such as cultural explanations, social learning, or accounts framed purely in terms of patriarchy and male power, aren’t the only way to understand why some people support feminine honor norms, and why some support them more than others,” Gul explained.
Gul and her main collaborator, Tom Kupfer, an associate professor of psychology at Nottingham Trent University, hypothesized that higher levels of sexual jealousy, elicited via exposure to a threat of infidelity, would increase support for feminine honor norms. They also wanted to know whether individuals with a more restricted mating strategy would show greater endorsement of feminine honor norms.
These researchers conducted two experiments. Participants in the first experiment were 388 men recruited via an online research platform. Their average age was 33 years. About 44% were married.
Participants were randomly assigned into two groups. Participants in the jealousy induction group were instructed to think of their romantic partner or someone towards whom they have strong romantic feelings, and then imagine that person flirting and being intimate with another person at a party. While imagining this scene, they paused and wrote about how they imagined it at specific points. The other group was a control group tasked to imagine an anxiety-producing scenario in which they took an important academic exam and failed.
As a check of the effect of the experimental scenario, participants completed an assessment of jealousy, which doubled as an indicator of participants’ subjective experience of jealousy. They also completed an assessment of support for feminine and other honor norms.
The second experiment aimed to test whether women also support feminine honor norms when they are induced to feel sexual jealousy. Participants were 551 U.S. adults. Among them, 264 were women. Participants’ average age was 33 years. The experimental procedure was identical to the one used in the first experiment.
Results of the first experiment showed that participants in the jealousy group felt much more jealous than participants in the control group, indicating that the experimental manipulation worked as intended. However, the support for feminine honor norms did not differ between the two groups.
In spite of that, participants who reported feeling greater jealousy tended to report stronger support for feminine honor norms. A more restricted mating strategy was also associated with stronger support for feminine honor norms. A more restricted mating strategy means that an individual is more selective about their romantic partners, has stronger preferences for long-term commitment and exclusivity in a relationship, and is less willing to engage in casual or short-term sexual relationships.
“A relatively monogamous or sociosexually restricted mating strategy is associated with greater support for feminine honor norms among both women and men, equally,” Gul said of the findings. “This is surprising because feminine honor norms are typically thought of as something promoted and enforced by men, particularly in patriarchal societies. Interestingly, though, the underlying psychology suggests these norms can also be motivated by women’s own restricted sociosexuality. This doesn’t rule out that men may have more opportunities to promote and enforce feminine honor norms in practice, but at the psychological level, it appears that both men and women can be motivated to support them.”
“This may be surprising from a traditional social science perspective, which often frames men as the hegemonic, patriarchal sex enforcing restrictions on a lower-power gender,” she continued. “From an evolutionary perspective, however, it’s less puzzling: women pursuing a restricted mating strategy — trying to maintain a stable, monogamous relationship — may benefit strategically from discouraging unrestricted mating behavior in other women, since that behavior increases the risk of losing their own mate to a rival. In that sense, it’s not surprising that individuals with a more restricted mating strategy (lower sociosexuality) would be more supportive of restrictive norms such as feminine honor.”
Results of the second experiment confirmed that individuals feeling greater jealousy tended to show higher support for feminine honor norms. Interestingly, men—but not women—in the jealousy group tended to report somewhat greater support for feminine honor norms compared to the control group, indicating that the experimental induction of jealousy likely increased their support for feminine honor norms. The association between jealousy and support for feminine sexual norms was also stronger among men than among women.
The researchers note that these associations persisted even after controlling for state masculinity threat, religiosity, political conservatism, age, and other types of honor norms, such as masculine and family honor.
“Our findings point to a psychological factor, namely, jealousy, which is an evolved emotion that all humans share to some degree, but that some people experience more intensely than others. When people experience heightened jealousy, this can make them more supportive of norms, values, and practices that reduce the likelihood of unfaithful or ‘impure’ types of behavior. We argue that, over large groups of people and across time, this is partly how strong cultural value systems, such as feminine honor, can take hold.”
The study contributes to the scientific understanding of jealousy and human mate retention strategies. However, it should be noted that all assessments were based on self-reports leaving room for reporting bias to have affected the results. The study also focused exclusively on heterosexual participants, and the findings may not generalize to other sexual orientations or non-Western cultures with different honor traditions.
“This is one of the first lines of research examining whether jealousy is associated with support for norms and values that restrict sexual behavior in society,” Gul pointed out. “So far, these studies have been conducted with Western participants, primarily from the U.S., to establish the basic findings. It remains to be seen whether the same patterns hold in societies that are more strongly honor-based, such as those in the Middle East.”
Future research will look to expand the scope of these findings globally.
“We aim to build a fuller understanding of the psychology underlying support for these norms, particularly the roles of mating strategy and jealousy,” Gul said. “We believe these patterns are likely to generalize across cultures, since mating strategy, mate guarding, and jealousy are species-typical adaptations that humans share, so we’d expect these findings to apply in many cultures, not just in Western samples. Along with this, our next steps are to extend and replicate these findings cross-culturally in more traditional honor cultures, such as Iran and Turkey. We also want to investigate whether ideological mate guarding predicts not just attitudes, but actual enforcement, including real-world punishment and other behaviors people engage in to uphold feminine honor norms.”
The paper, “Effects of experimentally induced jealousy on support for feminine honor,” was authored by Pelin Gul, Stephen Foster, Sajad Sojoudi, and Tom R. Kupfer.
-------------------------------------------------
Private, vetted email list for mental health professionals: https://www.clinicians-exchange.org
Unofficial Psychology Today Xitter to toot feed at Psych Today Unofficial Bot @PTUnofficialBot
-------------------------------------------------
#psychology #counseling #socialwork #psychotherapy @psychotherapist @psychotherapists @psychology @socialpsych @socialwork @psychiatry #mentalhealth #psychiatry #healthcare #depression #psychotherapist #Jealousy #FeminineHonor #HonorNorms #GenderRoles #MatingStrategy #Sociosexuality #Patriarchy #EvolutionaryPsychology #RelationshipJealousy #CognitionAndEmotion
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My dad couldn’t express his love for me. I chose to be a different man
By Gary NunnThese men are being the role models they never had. They hope to curb Australia's masculinity crisis.
#Men #MentalHealth #GenderRoles #Suicide #Teenagers #Parenting #LGBTQIA #GaryNunn
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My dad couldn’t express his love for me. I chose to be a different man
By Gary NunnThese men are being the role models they never had. They hope to curb Australia's masculinity crisis.
#Men #MentalHealth #GenderRoles #Suicide #Teenagers #Parenting #LGBTQIA #GaryNunn
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Something odd about couples has puzzled scientists for more than a century
By Inga TingOnce I saw it, I couldn't unsee it. Had I noticed something real or was it just the people around me? I set out to find out what the data had to say.
#Relationships #Marriage #Demographics #GenderEquality #GenderRoles #Anthropology #EconomicTrendsandIndicators #LGBTQIA #IngaTing
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Something odd about couples has puzzled scientists for more than a century
By Inga TingOnce I saw it, I couldn't unsee it. Had I noticed something real or was it just the people around me? I set out to find out what the data had to say.
#Relationships #Marriage #Demographics #GenderEquality #GenderRoles #Anthropology #EconomicTrendsandIndicators #LGBTQIA #IngaTing
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Something odd about couples has puzzled scientists for more than a century
By Inga TingOnce I saw it, I couldn't unsee it. Had I noticed something real or was it just the people around me? I set out to find out what the data had to say.
#Relationships #Marriage #Demographics #GenderEquality #GenderRoles #Anthropology #EconomicTrendsandIndicators #LGBTQIA #IngaTing
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Something odd about couples has puzzled scientists for more than a century
By Inga TingOnce I saw it, I couldn't unsee it. Had I noticed something real or was it just the people around me? I set out to find out what the data had to say.
#Relationships #Marriage #Demographics #GenderEquality #GenderRoles #Anthropology #EconomicTrendsandIndicators #LGBTQIA #IngaTing
-
Something odd about couples has puzzled scientists for more than a century
By Inga TingOnce I saw it, I couldn't unsee it. Had I noticed something real or was it just the people around me? I set out to find out what the data had to say.
#Relationships #Marriage #Demographics #GenderEquality #GenderRoles #Anthropology #EconomicTrendsandIndicators #LGBTQIA #IngaTing
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DATE: July 11, 2026 at 09:00AM
SOURCE: PSYPOST.ORG** Research quality varies widely from fantastic to small exploratory studies. Please check research methods when conclusions are very important to you. **
-------------------------------------------------TITLE: Childhood trauma linked to depression in fathers of toddlers via masculine role stress
URL: https://www.psypost.org/the-hidden-link-between-childhood-trauma-and-fathers-depression/
Fathers who experienced trauma during their childhood frequently face depressive symptoms while raising toddlers. A newly published study links this association to a sequence involving stress about failing to meet masculine ideals and subsequent difficulty regulating emotions. The findings recently appeared in the Journal of Affective Disorders.
Mental health professionals routinely study parental depression in mothers during the first year after childbirth. Growing evidence shows that fathers also experience depressive symptoms in the newborn phase. These struggles often persist into the early years of a child’s life as parents face the unique challenges of raising toddlers. The toddler stage is commonly known for developmental hurdles and extreme emotional highs and lows.
Children between one and three years old quickly develop a drive for autonomy that outpaces their actual abilities. They want to dress themselves and assert control, which frequently leads to tantrums and defiant behaviors. This dynamic places heavy demands on parents and requires vast reserves of patience. A history of childhood trauma acts as a major risk factor for parental depression during these trying years.
Experiencing physical abuse, emotional neglect, or severe bullying early in life can leave lingering psychological wounds. These wounds often reawaken when survivors become parents themselves. While researchers have documented this association in mothers, the specific mechanisms explaining how past trauma relates to a father’s depression remain poorly understood. Identifying these mechanisms could help public health officials design better mental health programs for men.
Psychology researcher Rose Lebeau at the Université du Québec à Montréal led a team to investigate these hidden mechanisms. The researchers focused on two primary factors that might explain the connection between a father’s past trauma and his current mental health. First, they looked at masculine gender role stress. Then, they examined the ability to regulate emotional responses.
Masculine gender role stress occurs when men feel distress because they perceive themselves as failing to meet cultural expectations of manhood. These expectations often demand physical strength, dominance, strict emotional control, and financial provision. Modern fatherhood introduces a conflicting set of ideals, asking men to also be emotionally sensitive, nurturing, and highly involved in daily caregiving. Trying to reconcile the traditional tough provider role with the modern nurturing role can generate deep insecurity.
The research team specifically examined a form of this stress related to feeling subordinate to women. In heterosexual couples, society often portrays mothers as the primary or more naturally competent caregivers. Fathers might feel treated as mere helpers by family members and health professionals. For men with a history of childhood trauma, feeling outperformed or directed by a female partner can trigger intense feelings of inadequacy and powerlessness.
The researchers also evaluated emotion dysregulation, which is the inability to cope with intense feelings using healthy strategies. People who struggle to regulate their emotions might suppress their feelings, suffer extreme mood swings, or lash out in frustration. Men who rigidly conform to traditional gender expectations often avoid discussing their parenting struggles. This avoidance severely limits their access to healthy coping mechanisms.
To see how these factors connect, Lebeau and her colleagues analyzed data from 719 fathers. All the participants were raising a toddler between the ages of 28 and 40 months. The men were part of a larger ongoing research project based in Quebec. The project recruited heterosexual couples who had recently welcomed a child and asked them to complete online questionnaires over a series of months.
The participants reported on their own history of childhood trauma. They checked off experiences like physical or psychological abuse by parents, witnessing domestic violence, or suffering peer bullying. The surveys also measured their current stress levels regarding situations where a woman might take control or outperform them. Finally, the fathers answered questions about their struggles to manage negative emotions and their active symptoms of depression.
The data revealed widespread experiences of early adversity among the participants. The fathers reported an average of 2.5 types of interpersonal trauma, and more than sixty percent reported experiencing two or more types of childhood trauma. About thirty-five percent of the men reported active stress related to feeling subordinate to women. Approximately eight percent of the sample reported clinically relevant levels of depressive symptoms.
The statistical analysis revealed a sequential pathway linking childhood trauma to paternal depression. A history of childhood trauma did not operate in an isolated manner. Instead, earlier traumatic experiences were associated with higher levels of stress regarding perceived subordination to women. Fathers with a history of trauma were much more likely to feel threatened when they felt outshone by female partners in caregiving roles.
This gender role stress was then linked to elevated emotion dysregulation. Fathers who felt heavily stressed about not meeting masculine expectations reported much more difficulty managing their moods. Ultimately, this severe difficulty in regulating emotions was associated with greater depressive symptoms. The researchers calculated that this specific chain of factors accounted for over a third of the mathematical variance in fathers’ depressive symptoms.
The researchers suggest that toddlers’ constant boundary-testing demands highly attuned emotional responses from parents. Fathers lacking healthy parenting models due to their own childhood trauma might overcompensate by clinging to rigid masculine ideals. When they struggle to calm a screaming toddler, they might feel less competent than their partner. This perceived failure can trigger an identity threat, spiking their stress levels.
Because these fathers might view emotional vulnerability as a weakness, they might suppress their distress instead of asking for help. This suppression leads to emotional overload, making them highly reactive to their toddlers’ outbursts. They might respond to a tantrum by withdrawing entirely or reacting with harsh frustration. The resulting shame and perceived failure as a parent then feed directly into a cycle of depression.
The study authors note that these findings arrive during a resurgence of rigid ideals regarding manhood in western societies. Online movements often promote strict hierarchies and traditional roles, which can reinforce gender role stress among vulnerable men. Maintaining a facade of stoicism prevents men from seeking the psychological help they need to navigate the trials of early parenthood.
The authors outline a few limitations to their work. The study relied on a survey administered at a single point in time, meaning the data cannot prove a direct sequence of cause and effect. It is possible that the direction of these relationships flows in a different order. For instance, struggling with depression might cause a father to feel more stressed about his masculine role, rather than the alternative.
The reliance on self-reported online questionnaires might also introduce reporting bias. Fathers experiencing the most severe mental health crises might not have had the time or energy to complete a long survey. The researchers suggest that future studies should include observations or reports from partners to gain a more complete picture of a father’s behavior and emotional state.
The sample consisted entirely of fathers in Quebec. Expanding the research to include different cultures could yield new insights, especially in areas where traditional expectations for men are strictly enforced. Tracking families over several years could also help establish how these emotional dynamics change as children grow older and present new behavioral challenges.
These findings highlight a need to update how health programs support new parents. Routine screening for paternal depression is rarely standard practice in pediatric care. Trauma-sensitive programs that teach men how to manage intense emotions could offer better support than simply encouraging them to endure the stress in silence.
The study, “Falling short of fatherhood ideals: Masculine gender role stress and emotion dysregulation as mechanisms linking childhood trauma to fathers’ depressive symptoms,” was authored by Rose Lebeau, Alison Paradis, Catherine M. Herba, Martine Hébert, and Natacha Godbout.
URL: https://www.psypost.org/the-hidden-link-between-childhood-trauma-and-fathers-depression/
-------------------------------------------------
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#psychology #counseling #socialwork #psychotherapy @psychotherapist @psychotherapists @psychology @socialpsych @socialwork @psychiatry #mentalhealth #psychiatry #healthcare #depression #psychotherapist #ChildhoodTrauma #PaternalDepression #MasculineRoleStress #EmotionDysregulation #Fatherhood #ToddlerChallenges #MentalHealthForDads #GenderRoles #ParentingSupport #PublicHealthStudies
-
DATE: July 11, 2026 at 09:00AM
SOURCE: PSYPOST.ORG** Research quality varies widely from fantastic to small exploratory studies. Please check research methods when conclusions are very important to you. **
-------------------------------------------------TITLE: Childhood trauma linked to depression in fathers of toddlers via masculine role stress
URL: https://www.psypost.org/the-hidden-link-between-childhood-trauma-and-fathers-depression/
Fathers who experienced trauma during their childhood frequently face depressive symptoms while raising toddlers. A newly published study links this association to a sequence involving stress about failing to meet masculine ideals and subsequent difficulty regulating emotions. The findings recently appeared in the Journal of Affective Disorders.
Mental health professionals routinely study parental depression in mothers during the first year after childbirth. Growing evidence shows that fathers also experience depressive symptoms in the newborn phase. These struggles often persist into the early years of a child’s life as parents face the unique challenges of raising toddlers. The toddler stage is commonly known for developmental hurdles and extreme emotional highs and lows.
Children between one and three years old quickly develop a drive for autonomy that outpaces their actual abilities. They want to dress themselves and assert control, which frequently leads to tantrums and defiant behaviors. This dynamic places heavy demands on parents and requires vast reserves of patience. A history of childhood trauma acts as a major risk factor for parental depression during these trying years.
Experiencing physical abuse, emotional neglect, or severe bullying early in life can leave lingering psychological wounds. These wounds often reawaken when survivors become parents themselves. While researchers have documented this association in mothers, the specific mechanisms explaining how past trauma relates to a father’s depression remain poorly understood. Identifying these mechanisms could help public health officials design better mental health programs for men.
Psychology researcher Rose Lebeau at the Université du Québec à Montréal led a team to investigate these hidden mechanisms. The researchers focused on two primary factors that might explain the connection between a father’s past trauma and his current mental health. First, they looked at masculine gender role stress. Then, they examined the ability to regulate emotional responses.
Masculine gender role stress occurs when men feel distress because they perceive themselves as failing to meet cultural expectations of manhood. These expectations often demand physical strength, dominance, strict emotional control, and financial provision. Modern fatherhood introduces a conflicting set of ideals, asking men to also be emotionally sensitive, nurturing, and highly involved in daily caregiving. Trying to reconcile the traditional tough provider role with the modern nurturing role can generate deep insecurity.
The research team specifically examined a form of this stress related to feeling subordinate to women. In heterosexual couples, society often portrays mothers as the primary or more naturally competent caregivers. Fathers might feel treated as mere helpers by family members and health professionals. For men with a history of childhood trauma, feeling outperformed or directed by a female partner can trigger intense feelings of inadequacy and powerlessness.
The researchers also evaluated emotion dysregulation, which is the inability to cope with intense feelings using healthy strategies. People who struggle to regulate their emotions might suppress their feelings, suffer extreme mood swings, or lash out in frustration. Men who rigidly conform to traditional gender expectations often avoid discussing their parenting struggles. This avoidance severely limits their access to healthy coping mechanisms.
To see how these factors connect, Lebeau and her colleagues analyzed data from 719 fathers. All the participants were raising a toddler between the ages of 28 and 40 months. The men were part of a larger ongoing research project based in Quebec. The project recruited heterosexual couples who had recently welcomed a child and asked them to complete online questionnaires over a series of months.
The participants reported on their own history of childhood trauma. They checked off experiences like physical or psychological abuse by parents, witnessing domestic violence, or suffering peer bullying. The surveys also measured their current stress levels regarding situations where a woman might take control or outperform them. Finally, the fathers answered questions about their struggles to manage negative emotions and their active symptoms of depression.
The data revealed widespread experiences of early adversity among the participants. The fathers reported an average of 2.5 types of interpersonal trauma, and more than sixty percent reported experiencing two or more types of childhood trauma. About thirty-five percent of the men reported active stress related to feeling subordinate to women. Approximately eight percent of the sample reported clinically relevant levels of depressive symptoms.
The statistical analysis revealed a sequential pathway linking childhood trauma to paternal depression. A history of childhood trauma did not operate in an isolated manner. Instead, earlier traumatic experiences were associated with higher levels of stress regarding perceived subordination to women. Fathers with a history of trauma were much more likely to feel threatened when they felt outshone by female partners in caregiving roles.
This gender role stress was then linked to elevated emotion dysregulation. Fathers who felt heavily stressed about not meeting masculine expectations reported much more difficulty managing their moods. Ultimately, this severe difficulty in regulating emotions was associated with greater depressive symptoms. The researchers calculated that this specific chain of factors accounted for over a third of the mathematical variance in fathers’ depressive symptoms.
The researchers suggest that toddlers’ constant boundary-testing demands highly attuned emotional responses from parents. Fathers lacking healthy parenting models due to their own childhood trauma might overcompensate by clinging to rigid masculine ideals. When they struggle to calm a screaming toddler, they might feel less competent than their partner. This perceived failure can trigger an identity threat, spiking their stress levels.
Because these fathers might view emotional vulnerability as a weakness, they might suppress their distress instead of asking for help. This suppression leads to emotional overload, making them highly reactive to their toddlers’ outbursts. They might respond to a tantrum by withdrawing entirely or reacting with harsh frustration. The resulting shame and perceived failure as a parent then feed directly into a cycle of depression.
The study authors note that these findings arrive during a resurgence of rigid ideals regarding manhood in western societies. Online movements often promote strict hierarchies and traditional roles, which can reinforce gender role stress among vulnerable men. Maintaining a facade of stoicism prevents men from seeking the psychological help they need to navigate the trials of early parenthood.
The authors outline a few limitations to their work. The study relied on a survey administered at a single point in time, meaning the data cannot prove a direct sequence of cause and effect. It is possible that the direction of these relationships flows in a different order. For instance, struggling with depression might cause a father to feel more stressed about his masculine role, rather than the alternative.
The reliance on self-reported online questionnaires might also introduce reporting bias. Fathers experiencing the most severe mental health crises might not have had the time or energy to complete a long survey. The researchers suggest that future studies should include observations or reports from partners to gain a more complete picture of a father’s behavior and emotional state.
The sample consisted entirely of fathers in Quebec. Expanding the research to include different cultures could yield new insights, especially in areas where traditional expectations for men are strictly enforced. Tracking families over several years could also help establish how these emotional dynamics change as children grow older and present new behavioral challenges.
These findings highlight a need to update how health programs support new parents. Routine screening for paternal depression is rarely standard practice in pediatric care. Trauma-sensitive programs that teach men how to manage intense emotions could offer better support than simply encouraging them to endure the stress in silence.
The study, “Falling short of fatherhood ideals: Masculine gender role stress and emotion dysregulation as mechanisms linking childhood trauma to fathers’ depressive symptoms,” was authored by Rose Lebeau, Alison Paradis, Catherine M. Herba, Martine Hébert, and Natacha Godbout.
URL: https://www.psypost.org/the-hidden-link-between-childhood-trauma-and-fathers-depression/
-------------------------------------------------
Private, vetted email list for mental health professionals: https://www.clinicians-exchange.org
Unofficial Psychology Today Xitter to toot feed at Psych Today Unofficial Bot @PTUnofficialBot
-------------------------------------------------
#psychology #counseling #socialwork #psychotherapy @psychotherapist @psychotherapists @psychology @socialpsych @socialwork @psychiatry #mentalhealth #psychiatry #healthcare #depression #psychotherapist #ChildhoodTrauma #PaternalDepression #MasculineRoleStress #EmotionDysregulation #Fatherhood #ToddlerChallenges #MentalHealthForDads #GenderRoles #ParentingSupport #PublicHealthStudies
-
DATE: July 11, 2026 at 09:00AM
SOURCE: PSYPOST.ORG** Research quality varies widely from fantastic to small exploratory studies. Please check research methods when conclusions are very important to you. **
-------------------------------------------------TITLE: Childhood trauma linked to depression in fathers of toddlers via masculine role stress
URL: https://www.psypost.org/the-hidden-link-between-childhood-trauma-and-fathers-depression/
Fathers who experienced trauma during their childhood frequently face depressive symptoms while raising toddlers. A newly published study links this association to a sequence involving stress about failing to meet masculine ideals and subsequent difficulty regulating emotions. The findings recently appeared in the Journal of Affective Disorders.
Mental health professionals routinely study parental depression in mothers during the first year after childbirth. Growing evidence shows that fathers also experience depressive symptoms in the newborn phase. These struggles often persist into the early years of a child’s life as parents face the unique challenges of raising toddlers. The toddler stage is commonly known for developmental hurdles and extreme emotional highs and lows.
Children between one and three years old quickly develop a drive for autonomy that outpaces their actual abilities. They want to dress themselves and assert control, which frequently leads to tantrums and defiant behaviors. This dynamic places heavy demands on parents and requires vast reserves of patience. A history of childhood trauma acts as a major risk factor for parental depression during these trying years.
Experiencing physical abuse, emotional neglect, or severe bullying early in life can leave lingering psychological wounds. These wounds often reawaken when survivors become parents themselves. While researchers have documented this association in mothers, the specific mechanisms explaining how past trauma relates to a father’s depression remain poorly understood. Identifying these mechanisms could help public health officials design better mental health programs for men.
Psychology researcher Rose Lebeau at the Université du Québec à Montréal led a team to investigate these hidden mechanisms. The researchers focused on two primary factors that might explain the connection between a father’s past trauma and his current mental health. First, they looked at masculine gender role stress. Then, they examined the ability to regulate emotional responses.
Masculine gender role stress occurs when men feel distress because they perceive themselves as failing to meet cultural expectations of manhood. These expectations often demand physical strength, dominance, strict emotional control, and financial provision. Modern fatherhood introduces a conflicting set of ideals, asking men to also be emotionally sensitive, nurturing, and highly involved in daily caregiving. Trying to reconcile the traditional tough provider role with the modern nurturing role can generate deep insecurity.
The research team specifically examined a form of this stress related to feeling subordinate to women. In heterosexual couples, society often portrays mothers as the primary or more naturally competent caregivers. Fathers might feel treated as mere helpers by family members and health professionals. For men with a history of childhood trauma, feeling outperformed or directed by a female partner can trigger intense feelings of inadequacy and powerlessness.
The researchers also evaluated emotion dysregulation, which is the inability to cope with intense feelings using healthy strategies. People who struggle to regulate their emotions might suppress their feelings, suffer extreme mood swings, or lash out in frustration. Men who rigidly conform to traditional gender expectations often avoid discussing their parenting struggles. This avoidance severely limits their access to healthy coping mechanisms.
To see how these factors connect, Lebeau and her colleagues analyzed data from 719 fathers. All the participants were raising a toddler between the ages of 28 and 40 months. The men were part of a larger ongoing research project based in Quebec. The project recruited heterosexual couples who had recently welcomed a child and asked them to complete online questionnaires over a series of months.
The participants reported on their own history of childhood trauma. They checked off experiences like physical or psychological abuse by parents, witnessing domestic violence, or suffering peer bullying. The surveys also measured their current stress levels regarding situations where a woman might take control or outperform them. Finally, the fathers answered questions about their struggles to manage negative emotions and their active symptoms of depression.
The data revealed widespread experiences of early adversity among the participants. The fathers reported an average of 2.5 types of interpersonal trauma, and more than sixty percent reported experiencing two or more types of childhood trauma. About thirty-five percent of the men reported active stress related to feeling subordinate to women. Approximately eight percent of the sample reported clinically relevant levels of depressive symptoms.
The statistical analysis revealed a sequential pathway linking childhood trauma to paternal depression. A history of childhood trauma did not operate in an isolated manner. Instead, earlier traumatic experiences were associated with higher levels of stress regarding perceived subordination to women. Fathers with a history of trauma were much more likely to feel threatened when they felt outshone by female partners in caregiving roles.
This gender role stress was then linked to elevated emotion dysregulation. Fathers who felt heavily stressed about not meeting masculine expectations reported much more difficulty managing their moods. Ultimately, this severe difficulty in regulating emotions was associated with greater depressive symptoms. The researchers calculated that this specific chain of factors accounted for over a third of the mathematical variance in fathers’ depressive symptoms.
The researchers suggest that toddlers’ constant boundary-testing demands highly attuned emotional responses from parents. Fathers lacking healthy parenting models due to their own childhood trauma might overcompensate by clinging to rigid masculine ideals. When they struggle to calm a screaming toddler, they might feel less competent than their partner. This perceived failure can trigger an identity threat, spiking their stress levels.
Because these fathers might view emotional vulnerability as a weakness, they might suppress their distress instead of asking for help. This suppression leads to emotional overload, making them highly reactive to their toddlers’ outbursts. They might respond to a tantrum by withdrawing entirely or reacting with harsh frustration. The resulting shame and perceived failure as a parent then feed directly into a cycle of depression.
The study authors note that these findings arrive during a resurgence of rigid ideals regarding manhood in western societies. Online movements often promote strict hierarchies and traditional roles, which can reinforce gender role stress among vulnerable men. Maintaining a facade of stoicism prevents men from seeking the psychological help they need to navigate the trials of early parenthood.
The authors outline a few limitations to their work. The study relied on a survey administered at a single point in time, meaning the data cannot prove a direct sequence of cause and effect. It is possible that the direction of these relationships flows in a different order. For instance, struggling with depression might cause a father to feel more stressed about his masculine role, rather than the alternative.
The reliance on self-reported online questionnaires might also introduce reporting bias. Fathers experiencing the most severe mental health crises might not have had the time or energy to complete a long survey. The researchers suggest that future studies should include observations or reports from partners to gain a more complete picture of a father’s behavior and emotional state.
The sample consisted entirely of fathers in Quebec. Expanding the research to include different cultures could yield new insights, especially in areas where traditional expectations for men are strictly enforced. Tracking families over several years could also help establish how these emotional dynamics change as children grow older and present new behavioral challenges.
These findings highlight a need to update how health programs support new parents. Routine screening for paternal depression is rarely standard practice in pediatric care. Trauma-sensitive programs that teach men how to manage intense emotions could offer better support than simply encouraging them to endure the stress in silence.
The study, “Falling short of fatherhood ideals: Masculine gender role stress and emotion dysregulation as mechanisms linking childhood trauma to fathers’ depressive symptoms,” was authored by Rose Lebeau, Alison Paradis, Catherine M. Herba, Martine Hébert, and Natacha Godbout.
URL: https://www.psypost.org/the-hidden-link-between-childhood-trauma-and-fathers-depression/
-------------------------------------------------
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-------------------------------------------------
#psychology #counseling #socialwork #psychotherapy @psychotherapist @psychotherapists @psychology @socialpsych @socialwork @psychiatry #mentalhealth #psychiatry #healthcare #depression #psychotherapist #ChildhoodTrauma #PaternalDepression #MasculineRoleStress #EmotionDysregulation #Fatherhood #ToddlerChallenges #MentalHealthForDads #GenderRoles #ParentingSupport #PublicHealthStudies
-
DATE: July 8, 2026 at 04:00PM
SOURCE: PSYPOST.ORG** Research quality varies widely from fantastic to small exploratory studies. Please check research methods when conclusions are very important to you. **
-------------------------------------------------TITLE: Why do relationships fail when women earn more? Study challenges traditional explanations
Women who earn more than their male partners are still more likely to experience relationship breakdown, according to a study published in the Journal of Marriage and Family. However, the research challenges one of the most common explanations for this pattern, finding little evidence that traditional gender norms are responsible.
Over recent decades, women have increasingly surpassed men in education and, in many relationships, now earn more than their partners. Earlier studies have repeatedly shown that these couples are more likely to separate or divorce, leading researchers to suggest that traditional expectations about men being the main breadwinner may place extra strain on these relationships. Other explanations have focused on women’s financial independence, differences in earning potential, or the possibility that people seek partners with similar socioeconomic backgrounds.
The researchers wanted to determine which of these explanations, if any, best accounts for the higher rates of relationship dissolution observed when women have a socioeconomic advantage.
Led by Pilar Gonalons-Pons, a researcher at the University of Pennsylvania, the research team analyzed harmonized panel data from 544,911 different-sex couples across 29 high-income countries between 2004 and 2020. The study included 437,102 married couples and 107,809 cohabiting couples drawn from several large international household surveys.
Using statistical models, they examined whether women earning more than their partners predicted separation while testing several competing explanations, including gender norms, economic independence, labor market conditions, and work–family conflict.
The researchers confirmed that couples in which women earned more than their partners were 36% more likely to separate. However, many of the explanations that have dominated previous research received little support. Countries with more traditional gender attitudes did not show a stronger association, suggesting that cultural beliefs about male breadwinners do not fully explain why these relationships end more often. Likewise, women’s greater financial independence, men’s relative economic advantage, and differences in opportunities to find similar partners failed to account for the pattern.
Instead, the strongest evidence pointed toward work–family conflict. The association between women’s higher earnings and relationship dissolution was noticeably stronger among couples raising children. Female-breadwinner couples with children were 49% more likely to separate than male-breadwinner couples, whereas childless female-breadwinner couples were 23% more likely to separate than their male-breadwinning counterparts.
This finding suggests that balancing work and family responsibilities may place greater strain on relationships when women have higher earnings, perhaps because household responsibilities remain unevenly shared. The study authors also found partial evidence that the association might be somewhat tied to anticipation of separation or economic hardship as confounders.
“Work–family conflict might be particularly intense when women do not scale back from paid work after having children and male partners do not sufficiently contribute to domestic labor,” the authors explained.
The researchers caution that the findings should not be interpreted as showing that women earning more causes relationships to fail. For example, the researchers point out that their dataset lacks information on relationship duration, an important variable as the risk of separation changes over the course of relationships. In addition, large international surveys cannot capture every aspect of relationship quality, communication, or compatibility. The study also focused only on high-income countries and different-sex couples, meaning the results may not apply elsewhere.
The study “Women’s Socioeconomic Advantage Over Their Partners and Relationship Dissolution: A 29-Country Study” was authored by Pilar Gonalons-Pons and Allison Dunatchik.
-------------------------------------------------
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-
DATE: July 8, 2026 at 04:00PM
SOURCE: PSYPOST.ORG** Research quality varies widely from fantastic to small exploratory studies. Please check research methods when conclusions are very important to you. **
-------------------------------------------------TITLE: Why do relationships fail when women earn more? Study challenges traditional explanations
Women who earn more than their male partners are still more likely to experience relationship breakdown, according to a study published in the Journal of Marriage and Family. However, the research challenges one of the most common explanations for this pattern, finding little evidence that traditional gender norms are responsible.
Over recent decades, women have increasingly surpassed men in education and, in many relationships, now earn more than their partners. Earlier studies have repeatedly shown that these couples are more likely to separate or divorce, leading researchers to suggest that traditional expectations about men being the main breadwinner may place extra strain on these relationships. Other explanations have focused on women’s financial independence, differences in earning potential, or the possibility that people seek partners with similar socioeconomic backgrounds.
The researchers wanted to determine which of these explanations, if any, best accounts for the higher rates of relationship dissolution observed when women have a socioeconomic advantage.
Led by Pilar Gonalons-Pons, a researcher at the University of Pennsylvania, the research team analyzed harmonized panel data from 544,911 different-sex couples across 29 high-income countries between 2004 and 2020. The study included 437,102 married couples and 107,809 cohabiting couples drawn from several large international household surveys.
Using statistical models, they examined whether women earning more than their partners predicted separation while testing several competing explanations, including gender norms, economic independence, labor market conditions, and work–family conflict.
The researchers confirmed that couples in which women earned more than their partners were 36% more likely to separate. However, many of the explanations that have dominated previous research received little support. Countries with more traditional gender attitudes did not show a stronger association, suggesting that cultural beliefs about male breadwinners do not fully explain why these relationships end more often. Likewise, women’s greater financial independence, men’s relative economic advantage, and differences in opportunities to find similar partners failed to account for the pattern.
Instead, the strongest evidence pointed toward work–family conflict. The association between women’s higher earnings and relationship dissolution was noticeably stronger among couples raising children. Female-breadwinner couples with children were 49% more likely to separate than male-breadwinner couples, whereas childless female-breadwinner couples were 23% more likely to separate than their male-breadwinning counterparts.
This finding suggests that balancing work and family responsibilities may place greater strain on relationships when women have higher earnings, perhaps because household responsibilities remain unevenly shared. The study authors also found partial evidence that the association might be somewhat tied to anticipation of separation or economic hardship as confounders.
“Work–family conflict might be particularly intense when women do not scale back from paid work after having children and male partners do not sufficiently contribute to domestic labor,” the authors explained.
The researchers caution that the findings should not be interpreted as showing that women earning more causes relationships to fail. For example, the researchers point out that their dataset lacks information on relationship duration, an important variable as the risk of separation changes over the course of relationships. In addition, large international surveys cannot capture every aspect of relationship quality, communication, or compatibility. The study also focused only on high-income countries and different-sex couples, meaning the results may not apply elsewhere.
The study “Women’s Socioeconomic Advantage Over Their Partners and Relationship Dissolution: A 29-Country Study” was authored by Pilar Gonalons-Pons and Allison Dunatchik.
-------------------------------------------------
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-------------------------------------------------
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-
DATE: July 7, 2026 at 10:00AM
SOURCE: PSYPOST.ORG** Research quality varies widely from fantastic to small exploratory studies. Please check research methods when conclusions are very important to you. **
-------------------------------------------------TITLE: The first-daughter effect: How raising girls changes fathers’ political views in Japan
Fathers whose first child is a girl tend to develop more equal views on gender roles and support policies that promote women’s rights. A recent study published in Public Opinion Quarterly suggests this shift happens even in culturally conservative countries where gender inequality remains widespread. The findings provide evidence that the experience of raising daughters can reshape a parent’s political attitudes on specific social issues.
Political scientists often study how families share and pass down beliefs. This process is known as political socialization. Traditionally, experts viewed this as a top-down process where parents pass their political and social views down to their children. Recent research suggests a reverse process can also happen, as children can influence their parents’ beliefs through their own unique life experiences and challenges.
Researchers Daina Chiba and Yoshikuni Ono wanted to explore this dynamic. “What I found especially interesting is that political socialization is often studied as something that flows from parents to children, but our results suggest that children can also influence their parents’ political attitudes,” explained Ono, a professor of political science and economics at Waseda University.
One famous example of this reverse influence is the first-daughter effect. This concept describes a natural experiment where researchers compare fathers whose first child is a girl to fathers whose first child is a boy. Assuming the sex of a firstborn child is random, any major differences in the fathers’ later political views can likely be tied to the experience of raising a daughter. Past research in Western democracies suggests that fathers with firstborn daughters often become more supportive of gender equality.
Chiba and Ono sought to find out whether the effect requires a culturally progressive environment to take root. “I have long been interested in how gender shapes voters’ political attitudes and behavior, and I have conducted various studies on this topic in Japan, the United States, and other contexts,” Ono said.
Ono explained that the question of whether a child’s gender affects a father’s political attitudes had already been examined in countries like the United States. “We wanted to investigate whether a similar pattern could be observed in Japan,” Ono said. “This project began when my coauthor, Daina Chiba, found a large-scale Japanese social survey that asked voters about the gender of their children, which allowed us to examine this question empirically.”
Japan features a stable democratic government but still struggles with high levels of gender inequality. For instance, Japanese women face significant wage gaps and hold a very small percentage of seats in the national government. Traditional expectations surrounding the division of labor between men and women also remain strong in Japanese society.
In some other East Asian countries, a cultural preference for sons has led to manipulated birth sex ratios. In Japan, the ratio of boys to girls at birth has remained completely stable for over a century. This stability means the sex of a Japanese family’s first child is naturally random. This randomness provides researchers with an ideal environment to test the first-daughter effect without the data being skewed by parents choosing their child’s sex.
To explore this question, Chiba and Ono analyzed data from the Japanese General Social Survey. This is a large survey of adults in Japan that represents the national population and is conducted every two years. Participants complete face-to-face interviews and fill out self-administered questionnaires. The researchers looked at survey responses collected between 2000 and 2018, specifically focusing on male respondents who had at least one child.
Depending on the survey year, the sample sizes of these fathers ranged from about 250 to over 1,500. In this group, 46.8 percent of the men had a firstborn daughter, while 53.2 percent had a firstborn son. The researchers then compared these two groups across a variety of survey questions related to gender, politics, and social policies.
To measure gender-related attitudes, the survey asked fathers to rate their agreement with traditional gender roles. One question asked if a husband’s job is to earn money while a wife’s job is to look after the home. The survey also asked about legal reforms. This included a major debate in Japan involving a law that requires married couples to share a single family surname, which usually defaults to the husband’s name.
Another cultural issue involves whether women should be allowed to inherit the Japanese throne. The researchers measured support for female monarchs as well as support for female-line monarchs. The latter would allow children born to female royal family members to become emperor, representing a massive shift away from Japanese patriarchal traditions.
The researchers also examined opinions on two policies that are heavily tied to women’s well-being in Japan. The first was government-led income redistribution. Single-parent households in Japan are overwhelmingly headed by women, and these households face very high rates of relative poverty. The second policy was government spending on crime control, as women in Japan report higher fears of crime and are more likely to be victims of certain offenses.
The data provides evidence that the first-daughter effect is present in Japan. Fathers with firstborn daughters were significantly more likely to reject traditional gender roles than fathers with firstborn sons. They were also more likely to support legal changes that would allow married couples to keep separate surnames.
Fathers of firstborn daughters also showed stronger support for allowing the Japanese royal lineage to pass through the female line. Additionally, these fathers were more likely to support income redistribution and increased government spending on crime prevention. The only primary measure that did not show a major difference was general support for female monarchs, which did not reach statistical significance.
Ono noted that these results met his general expectations. “The findings were not entirely surprising, in the sense that they were broadly consistent with what one might expect, but they were still very interesting,” Ono told PsyPost. “Of course, these are average tendencies; not every father changes in this way, and the estimated effects are not overwhelmingly large.”
Even with modest effect sizes, the presence of these changes in a traditional society is notable. “Even in Japan, where gender gaps in politics remain large and society is often described as socially conservative, we find a pattern similar to that reported in some Western contexts: fathers whose first child is a daughter tend to hold more egalitarian views on gender roles than fathers whose first child is a son,” Ono said.
According to Ono, fathers with daughters are more likely to reject traditional gender-role divisions and to support gender-equality-related reforms. “Many fathers with daughters may not consciously think of their daughters as changing their political views, but our findings suggest that the experience of raising a daughter may increase fathers’ awareness of gender equality,” Ono said.
To ensure these attitude changes were actually about gender, the researchers tested a second set of survey questions. These placebo questions covered topics unrelated to gender equality, meaning the answers should not be affected by the sex of a person’s child. The topics included general liberal or conservative ideology, support for the Liberal Democratic Party, views on immigration, and opinions on national security.
The researchers found no differences between the two groups of fathers on these unrelated topics. Having a firstborn daughter did not make a father more generally liberal or change his views on immigration. The study also looked at attitudes toward homosexuality. The researchers found no effect there either, which suggests the fathers’ attitude changes are specifically focused on the rights and opportunities of women.
“One important limitation is that the differences we observe are concentrated in attitudes related to gender equality,” Ono said. “We did not find clear differences in broader political ideology or in attitudes toward issues such as national security policy.”
Readers might assume that having any number of daughters at any birth order would produce the same attitude changes. “Another important point is that our study mainly identifies the effect of the gender of the first child,” Ono said. “It does not capture the full effect of the broader experience of having daughters.”
Families often make choices about having more children based on the sex of their previous children. This means looking at total family makeup can skew the data and make it harder to trace direct causes. “It may be especially important whether parents begin childrearing with a daughter or a son, but our study cannot fully answer what happens when the second child is a daughter, or when parents have multiple daughters,” Ono said.
Another limitation is that the survey only captured personal opinions and attitudes at a specific point in time. The data cannot show whether these shifting beliefs lead to actual behavioral changes. For instance, the study does not measure if these fathers vote differently or actively participate in political advocacy to support women’s rights.
Ono hopes to address some of these unknown factors in future work. “I would like to continue examining how gender shapes voters’ political attitudes and behavior,” Ono said. “Experimental research can make visible the ways in which men and women sometimes perceive politics differently, respond differently, or behave differently under the same political institutions.”
The authors also want to look closer at how households operate. “I also hope to continue studying how family structure and family experiences shape political behavior and attitudes,” Ono said. “More broadly, I am interested in identifying how gendered patterns of behavior under the same institutional conditions may affect political outcomes, such as candidate emergence, electoral competition, and election results.”
In the meantime, the current findings suggest that family experiences can act as a subtle mechanism for promoting gender equality. “One broader implication of the study is that politics is connected to everyday life in ways that people may not always recognize,” Ono said.
Ono added that political attitudes are shaped not only by institutions, economic conditions, or formal education, but also by experiences within the family. “In this sense, family relationships may be one important pathway through which social attitudes gradually change,” Ono said.
The study, “Do Daughters Change Their Fathers? Evidence from the First-Daughter Effect in Japan,” was authored by Daina Chiba and Yoshikuni Ono.
-------------------------------------------------
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DATE: July 7, 2026 at 10:00AM
SOURCE: PSYPOST.ORG** Research quality varies widely from fantastic to small exploratory studies. Please check research methods when conclusions are very important to you. **
-------------------------------------------------TITLE: The first-daughter effect: How raising girls changes fathers’ political views in Japan
Fathers whose first child is a girl tend to develop more equal views on gender roles and support policies that promote women’s rights. A recent study published in Public Opinion Quarterly suggests this shift happens even in culturally conservative countries where gender inequality remains widespread. The findings provide evidence that the experience of raising daughters can reshape a parent’s political attitudes on specific social issues.
Political scientists often study how families share and pass down beliefs. This process is known as political socialization. Traditionally, experts viewed this as a top-down process where parents pass their political and social views down to their children. Recent research suggests a reverse process can also happen, as children can influence their parents’ beliefs through their own unique life experiences and challenges.
Researchers Daina Chiba and Yoshikuni Ono wanted to explore this dynamic. “What I found especially interesting is that political socialization is often studied as something that flows from parents to children, but our results suggest that children can also influence their parents’ political attitudes,” explained Ono, a professor of political science and economics at Waseda University.
One famous example of this reverse influence is the first-daughter effect. This concept describes a natural experiment where researchers compare fathers whose first child is a girl to fathers whose first child is a boy. Assuming the sex of a firstborn child is random, any major differences in the fathers’ later political views can likely be tied to the experience of raising a daughter. Past research in Western democracies suggests that fathers with firstborn daughters often become more supportive of gender equality.
Chiba and Ono sought to find out whether the effect requires a culturally progressive environment to take root. “I have long been interested in how gender shapes voters’ political attitudes and behavior, and I have conducted various studies on this topic in Japan, the United States, and other contexts,” Ono said.
Ono explained that the question of whether a child’s gender affects a father’s political attitudes had already been examined in countries like the United States. “We wanted to investigate whether a similar pattern could be observed in Japan,” Ono said. “This project began when my coauthor, Daina Chiba, found a large-scale Japanese social survey that asked voters about the gender of their children, which allowed us to examine this question empirically.”
Japan features a stable democratic government but still struggles with high levels of gender inequality. For instance, Japanese women face significant wage gaps and hold a very small percentage of seats in the national government. Traditional expectations surrounding the division of labor between men and women also remain strong in Japanese society.
In some other East Asian countries, a cultural preference for sons has led to manipulated birth sex ratios. In Japan, the ratio of boys to girls at birth has remained completely stable for over a century. This stability means the sex of a Japanese family’s first child is naturally random. This randomness provides researchers with an ideal environment to test the first-daughter effect without the data being skewed by parents choosing their child’s sex.
To explore this question, Chiba and Ono analyzed data from the Japanese General Social Survey. This is a large survey of adults in Japan that represents the national population and is conducted every two years. Participants complete face-to-face interviews and fill out self-administered questionnaires. The researchers looked at survey responses collected between 2000 and 2018, specifically focusing on male respondents who had at least one child.
Depending on the survey year, the sample sizes of these fathers ranged from about 250 to over 1,500. In this group, 46.8 percent of the men had a firstborn daughter, while 53.2 percent had a firstborn son. The researchers then compared these two groups across a variety of survey questions related to gender, politics, and social policies.
To measure gender-related attitudes, the survey asked fathers to rate their agreement with traditional gender roles. One question asked if a husband’s job is to earn money while a wife’s job is to look after the home. The survey also asked about legal reforms. This included a major debate in Japan involving a law that requires married couples to share a single family surname, which usually defaults to the husband’s name.
Another cultural issue involves whether women should be allowed to inherit the Japanese throne. The researchers measured support for female monarchs as well as support for female-line monarchs. The latter would allow children born to female royal family members to become emperor, representing a massive shift away from Japanese patriarchal traditions.
The researchers also examined opinions on two policies that are heavily tied to women’s well-being in Japan. The first was government-led income redistribution. Single-parent households in Japan are overwhelmingly headed by women, and these households face very high rates of relative poverty. The second policy was government spending on crime control, as women in Japan report higher fears of crime and are more likely to be victims of certain offenses.
The data provides evidence that the first-daughter effect is present in Japan. Fathers with firstborn daughters were significantly more likely to reject traditional gender roles than fathers with firstborn sons. They were also more likely to support legal changes that would allow married couples to keep separate surnames.
Fathers of firstborn daughters also showed stronger support for allowing the Japanese royal lineage to pass through the female line. Additionally, these fathers were more likely to support income redistribution and increased government spending on crime prevention. The only primary measure that did not show a major difference was general support for female monarchs, which did not reach statistical significance.
Ono noted that these results met his general expectations. “The findings were not entirely surprising, in the sense that they were broadly consistent with what one might expect, but they were still very interesting,” Ono told PsyPost. “Of course, these are average tendencies; not every father changes in this way, and the estimated effects are not overwhelmingly large.”
Even with modest effect sizes, the presence of these changes in a traditional society is notable. “Even in Japan, where gender gaps in politics remain large and society is often described as socially conservative, we find a pattern similar to that reported in some Western contexts: fathers whose first child is a daughter tend to hold more egalitarian views on gender roles than fathers whose first child is a son,” Ono said.
According to Ono, fathers with daughters are more likely to reject traditional gender-role divisions and to support gender-equality-related reforms. “Many fathers with daughters may not consciously think of their daughters as changing their political views, but our findings suggest that the experience of raising a daughter may increase fathers’ awareness of gender equality,” Ono said.
To ensure these attitude changes were actually about gender, the researchers tested a second set of survey questions. These placebo questions covered topics unrelated to gender equality, meaning the answers should not be affected by the sex of a person’s child. The topics included general liberal or conservative ideology, support for the Liberal Democratic Party, views on immigration, and opinions on national security.
The researchers found no differences between the two groups of fathers on these unrelated topics. Having a firstborn daughter did not make a father more generally liberal or change his views on immigration. The study also looked at attitudes toward homosexuality. The researchers found no effect there either, which suggests the fathers’ attitude changes are specifically focused on the rights and opportunities of women.
“One important limitation is that the differences we observe are concentrated in attitudes related to gender equality,” Ono said. “We did not find clear differences in broader political ideology or in attitudes toward issues such as national security policy.”
Readers might assume that having any number of daughters at any birth order would produce the same attitude changes. “Another important point is that our study mainly identifies the effect of the gender of the first child,” Ono said. “It does not capture the full effect of the broader experience of having daughters.”
Families often make choices about having more children based on the sex of their previous children. This means looking at total family makeup can skew the data and make it harder to trace direct causes. “It may be especially important whether parents begin childrearing with a daughter or a son, but our study cannot fully answer what happens when the second child is a daughter, or when parents have multiple daughters,” Ono said.
Another limitation is that the survey only captured personal opinions and attitudes at a specific point in time. The data cannot show whether these shifting beliefs lead to actual behavioral changes. For instance, the study does not measure if these fathers vote differently or actively participate in political advocacy to support women’s rights.
Ono hopes to address some of these unknown factors in future work. “I would like to continue examining how gender shapes voters’ political attitudes and behavior,” Ono said. “Experimental research can make visible the ways in which men and women sometimes perceive politics differently, respond differently, or behave differently under the same political institutions.”
The authors also want to look closer at how households operate. “I also hope to continue studying how family structure and family experiences shape political behavior and attitudes,” Ono said. “More broadly, I am interested in identifying how gendered patterns of behavior under the same institutional conditions may affect political outcomes, such as candidate emergence, electoral competition, and election results.”
In the meantime, the current findings suggest that family experiences can act as a subtle mechanism for promoting gender equality. “One broader implication of the study is that politics is connected to everyday life in ways that people may not always recognize,” Ono said.
Ono added that political attitudes are shaped not only by institutions, economic conditions, or formal education, but also by experiences within the family. “In this sense, family relationships may be one important pathway through which social attitudes gradually change,” Ono said.
The study, “Do Daughters Change Their Fathers? Evidence from the First-Daughter Effect in Japan,” was authored by Daina Chiba and Yoshikuni Ono.
-------------------------------------------------
Private, vetted email list for mental health professionals: https://www.clinicians-exchange.org
Unofficial Psychology Today Xitter to toot feed at Psych Today Unofficial Bot @PTUnofficialBot
-------------------------------------------------
#psychology #counseling #socialwork #psychotherapy @psychotherapist @psychotherapists @psychology @socialpsych @socialwork @psychiatry #mentalhealth #psychiatry #healthcare #depression #psychotherapist #FirstDaughterEffect #JapanPolitics #GenderEquality #ParentalInfluence #PoliticalSocialization #FathersAndDaughters #WomenRightsPolicy #GenderRoles #PublicOpinionQuarterly #JapanSocialSurvey
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2/2
At the same time, we are primates, and social mammals, and there are many species whose social order does always have a leader or a hierarchy, so it wouldn't surprise me if we have the same.
But even if that is true, it's not at all an argument to support hierarchy or monarchy! Rather, awareness that we carry that tendency in our DNA (if we do) can help us sit it alongside more adaptive patterns.
#DivisionOfPower #equality #FoodForThought #GenderRoles #interdependence #PowerDynamics #Psychology #SocialScience #Sociology
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2/2
At the same time, we are primates, and social mammals, and there are many species whose social order does always have a leader or a hierarchy, so it wouldn't surprise me if we have the same.
But even if that is true, it's not at all an argument to support hierarchy or monarchy! Rather, awareness that we carry that tendency in our DNA (if we do) can help us sit it alongside more adaptive patterns.
#DivisionOfPower #equality #FoodForThought #GenderRoles #interdependence #PowerDynamics #Psychology #SocialScience #Sociology
-
2/2
At the same time, we are primates, and social mammals, and there are many species whose social order does always have a leader or a hierarchy, so it wouldn't surprise me if we have the same.
But even if that is true, it's not at all an argument to support hierarchy or monarchy! Rather, awareness that we carry that tendency in our DNA (if we do) can help us sit it alongside more adaptive patterns.
#DivisionOfPower #equality #FoodForThought #GenderRoles #interdependence #PowerDynamics #Psychology #SocialScience #Sociology
-
2/2
At the same time, we are primates, and social mammals, and there are many species whose social order does always have a leader or a hierarchy, so it wouldn't surprise me if we have the same.
But even if that is true, it's not at all an argument to support hierarchy or monarchy! Rather, awareness that we carry that tendency in our DNA (if we do) can help us sit it alongside more adaptive patterns.
#DivisionOfPower #equality #FoodForThought #GenderRoles #interdependence #PowerDynamics #Psychology #SocialScience #Sociology
-
2/2
At the same time, we are primates, and social mammals, and there are many species whose social order does always have a leader or a hierarchy, so it wouldn't surprise me if we have the same.
But even if that is true, it's not at all an argument to support hierarchy or monarchy! Rather, awareness that we carry that tendency in our DNA (if we do) can help us sit it alongside more adaptive patterns.
#DivisionOfPower #equality #FoodForThought #GenderRoles #interdependence #PowerDynamics #Psychology #SocialScience #Sociology
-
@zeugmatisse Thanks for the link to this.
Something closely related which I've observed and which might explain this assumption is that it seems like us humans have a built-in bias towards what I call "bigman culture" - organising ourselves into a culture in which there is a leader.
I'm speculating about this cos of how many times I've been surprised by how readily a quite egalitarian group or a formally non-hierarchical group will nevertheless frequently end up with one person who tends to dominate the group direction or process.
I've noticed this also in myself - how readily I default to fitting in to that pattern.
Of course for us Westerners it's incredibly hard to say whether we comply with this pattern simply cos that's what we're socialised into.
And also I'm aware that strategically and practically in emergencies having one person in charge is really effective (assuming the're competent) - so it might be that any hardwiring towards a "leader" might just arise from that.
1/2
#DivisionOfPower #equality #FoodForThought #GenderRoles #interdependence #PowerDynamics #Psychology #SocialScience #Sociology
-
@zeugmatisse Thanks for the link to this.
Something closely related which I've observed and which might explain this assumption is that it seems like us humans have a built-in bias towards what I call "bigman culture" - organising ourselves into a culture in which there is a leader.
I'm speculating about this cos of how many times I've been surprised by how readily a quite egalitarian group or a formally non-hierarchical group will nevertheless frequently end up with one person who tends to dominate the group direction or process.
I've noticed this also in myself - how readily I default to fitting in to that pattern.
Of course for us Westerners it's incredibly hard to say whether we comply with this pattern simply cos that's what we're socialised into.
And also I'm aware that strategically and practically in emergencies having one person in charge is really effective (assuming the're competent) - so it might be that any hardwiring towards a "leader" might just arise from that.
1/2
#DivisionOfPower #equality #FoodForThought #GenderRoles #interdependence #PowerDynamics #Psychology #SocialScience #Sociology
-
@zeugmatisse Thanks for the link to this.
Something closely related which I've observed and which might explain this assumption is that it seems like us humans have a built-in bias towards what I call "bigman culture" - organising ourselves into a culture in which there is a leader.
I'm speculating about this cos of how many times I've been surprised by how readily a quite egalitarian group or a formally non-hierarchical group will nevertheless frequently end up with one person who tends to dominate the group direction or process.
I've noticed this also in myself - how readily I default to fitting in to that pattern.
Of course for us Westerners it's incredibly hard to say whether we comply with this pattern simply cos that's what we're socialised into.
And also I'm aware that strategically and practically in emergencies having one person in charge is really effective (assuming the're competent) - so it might be that any hardwiring towards a "leader" might just arise from that.
1/2
#DivisionOfPower #equality #FoodForThought #GenderRoles #interdependence #PowerDynamics #Psychology #SocialScience #Sociology
-
@zeugmatisse Thanks for the link to this.
Something closely related which I've observed and which might explain this assumption is that it seems like us humans have a built-in bias towards what I call "bigman culture" - organising ourselves into a culture in which there is a leader.
I'm speculating about this cos of how many times I've been surprised by how readily a quite egalitarian group or a formally non-hierarchical group will nevertheless frequently end up with one person who tends to dominate the group direction or process.
I've noticed this also in myself - how readily I default to fitting in to that pattern.
Of course for us Westerners it's incredibly hard to say whether we comply with this pattern simply cos that's what we're socialised into.
And also I'm aware that strategically and practically in emergencies having one person in charge is really effective (assuming the're competent) - so it might be that any hardwiring towards a "leader" might just arise from that.
1/2
#DivisionOfPower #equality #FoodForThought #GenderRoles #interdependence #PowerDynamics #Psychology #SocialScience #Sociology
-
@zeugmatisse Thanks for the link to this.
Something closely related which I've observed and which might explain this assumption is that it seems like us humans have a built-in bias towards what I call "bigman culture" - organising ourselves into a culture in which there is a leader.
I'm speculating about this cos of how many times I've been surprised by how readily a quite egalitarian group or a formally non-hierarchical group will nevertheless frequently end up with one person who tends to dominate the group direction or process.
I've noticed this also in myself - how readily I default to fitting in to that pattern.
Of course for us Westerners it's incredibly hard to say whether we comply with this pattern simply cos that's what we're socialised into.
And also I'm aware that strategically and practically in emergencies having one person in charge is really effective (assuming the're competent) - so it might be that any hardwiring towards a "leader" might just arise from that.
1/2
#DivisionOfPower #equality #FoodForThought #GenderRoles #interdependence #PowerDynamics #Psychology #SocialScience #Sociology
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💥 Power Dynamics: Why Do We Insist That Someone Must Always Be "In Charge"?
This #Psychology Today article invites us to rethink #equality in ways that strengthen #relationships and communities... https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/comparatively-speaking/202606/why-do-we-assume-someone-must-be-in-charge?ref=refind•|••
🏷️ #DivisionOfPower #equality #FoodForThought #GenderRoles #interdependence #PowerDynamics #Psychology #SocialScience #Sociology
-
💥 Power Dynamics: Why Do We Insist That Someone Must Always Be "In Charge"?
This #Psychology Today article invites us to rethink #equality in ways that strengthen #relationships and communities... https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/comparatively-speaking/202606/why-do-we-assume-someone-must-be-in-charge?ref=refind•|••
🏷️ #DivisionOfPower #equality #FoodForThought #GenderRoles #interdependence #PowerDynamics #Psychology #SocialScience #Sociology
-
💥 Power Dynamics: Why Do We Insist That Someone Must Always Be "In Charge"?
This #Psychology Today article invites us to rethink #equality in ways that strengthen #relationships and communities... https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/comparatively-speaking/202606/why-do-we-assume-someone-must-be-in-charge?ref=refind•|••
🏷️ #DivisionOfPower #equality #FoodForThought #GenderRoles #interdependence #PowerDynamics #Psychology #SocialScience #Sociology
-
💥 Power Dynamics: Why Do We Insist That Someone Must Always Be "In Charge"?
This #Psychology Today article invites us to rethink #equality in ways that strengthen #relationships and communities... https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/comparatively-speaking/202606/why-do-we-assume-someone-must-be-in-charge?ref=refind•|••
🏷️ #DivisionOfPower #equality #FoodForThought #GenderRoles #interdependence #PowerDynamics #Psychology #SocialScience #Sociology
-
💥 Power Dynamics: Why Do We Insist That Someone Must Always Be "In Charge"?
This #Psychology Today article invites us to rethink #equality in ways that strengthen #relationships and communities... https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/comparatively-speaking/202606/why-do-we-assume-someone-must-be-in-charge?ref=refind•|••
🏷️ #DivisionOfPower #equality #FoodForThought #GenderRoles #interdependence #PowerDynamics #Psychology #SocialScience #Sociology
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“On one side lies the temptation to exaggerate #sexdifferences and force people into narrow #genderRoles. On the other hand lies the temptation to deny the differences altogether and assume that any differences stem from #sexism.
Neither approach serves us well.
A better approach, in my view, is a liberal, individualistic one: fight discrimination and open the doors to everyone, but ultimately respect men’s and women’s decisions about what they want to do with their lives. Some men will be competitive and things-oriented; others will be nurturing and emotionally sensitive – and vice versa for women. A free and #humanesociety should make room for all of them.
If we want to build such a society, however, we need to talk about sex differences.”
https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/men-women-sex-differences-book-b2984557.html
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“On one side lies the temptation to exaggerate #sexdifferences and force people into narrow #genderRoles. On the other hand lies the temptation to deny the differences altogether and assume that any differences stem from #sexism.
Neither approach serves us well.
A better approach, in my view, is a liberal, individualistic one: fight discrimination and open the doors to everyone, but ultimately respect men’s and women’s decisions about what they want to do with their lives. Some men will be competitive and things-oriented; others will be nurturing and emotionally sensitive – and vice versa for women. A free and #humanesociety should make room for all of them.
If we want to build such a society, however, we need to talk about sex differences.”
https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/men-women-sex-differences-book-b2984557.html
-
Given that gender roles are a societally enforced social class system, what liberation from those roles means isn't 'seperate but equal' and it isn't about finding the 'correct' way to express gender roles, it's about being able to live as the person you want to be without being told that's the wrong way to be. That means having the same chance to do the work you want to do as anyone else does, being able to wear the clothes you want to wear, have any surgeries you want to have, take any hormones you want to take, and in general just be the way you want to be without the people around you trying to 'fix' you or tell you that you shouldn't do that or that you 'don't have to be that way' (the implication being that you shouldn't be that way).
Because the problem with our current society isn't that the social class of gender has been defined incorrectly, but that it shouldn't exist as a social class at all. This doesn't mean ignoring how people oppress and are oppressed in the current system of gender--doing that only helps to reinforce the current system. People can't fight what they ignore and in fact will tend to reinforce those oppressions they ignore. But it does mean that the end goal is a society where no one can oppress or be oppressed by gender, where the very concept of gender is illegible and meaningless. Which means that ultimately liberation is not about finding some "correct" conception of gender, but about abolishing the concept entirely. We need to stop confining people to gender boxes entirely. In such a society, personal expression and autonomy would flourish in ways we can scarcely now imagine, without being stifled as it is now for not fitting neatly in one of two binary roles. And society would flourish in ways it presently cannot, as gender currently forecloses on many opportunities for people to live up to their full potential. -
Given that gender roles are a societally enforced social class system, what liberation from those roles means isn't 'seperate but equal' and it isn't about finding the 'correct' way to express gender roles, it's about being able to live as the person you want to be without being told that's the wrong way to be. That means having the same chance to do the work you want to do as anyone else does, being able to wear the clothes you want to wear, have any surgeries you want to have, take any hormones you want to take, and in general just be the way you want to be without the people around you trying to 'fix' you or tell you that you shouldn't do that or that you 'don't have to be that way' (the implication being that you shouldn't be that way).
Because the problem with our current society isn't that the social class of gender has been defined incorrectly, but that it shouldn't exist as a social class at all. This doesn't mean ignoring how people oppress and are oppressed in the current system of gender--doing that only helps to reinforce the current system. People can't fight what they ignore and in fact will tend to reinforce those oppressions they ignore. But it does mean that the end goal is a society where no one can oppress or be oppressed by gender, where the very concept of gender is illegible and meaningless. Which means that ultimately liberation is not about finding some "correct" conception of gender, but about abolishing the concept entirely. We need to stop confining people to gender boxes entirely. In such a society, personal expression and autonomy would flourish in ways we can scarcely now imagine, without being stifled as it is now for not fitting neatly in one of two binary roles. And society would flourish in ways it presently cannot, as gender currently forecloses on many opportunities for people to live up to their full potential. -
It comes down to knowing what you are willing to give.and not like patriarchal women who do anything for community.
guys, community isn't your responsibility.
that one either arises or not
depending on the willingness of its members.
but you, like the other members have the task to determine limits to how much attention you want to give people who themselves don't want to give attention to the group.
don't just play roles. play life. Life plays hard!
#feminism #genderroles #playlife #patriarchy -
A quotation from Eleanor Roosevelt
Have you ever said to yourself, “If only I were a man”? Or are you quite content with being a woman?
No, I have never wanted to be a man. I have often wanted to be more effective as a woman, but I have never felt that trousers would do the trick!Eleanor Roosevelt (1884–1962) First Lady of the US (1933–1945), politician, diplomat, activist
Column (1941-10), “If You Ask Me,” Ladies’ Home Journal, Vol. 58More about this quote: wist.info/roosevelt-eleanor/29…
#quote #quotes #quotation #qotd #eleanorroosevelt #effectiveness #clothing #female #feminism #gender #genderroles #male #sexism
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A quotation from Eleanor Roosevelt
Have you ever said to yourself, “If only I were a man”? Or are you quite content with being a woman?
No, I have never wanted to be a man. I have often wanted to be more effective as a woman, but I have never felt that trousers would do the trick!Eleanor Roosevelt (1884–1962) First Lady of the US (1933–1945), politician, diplomat, activist
Column (1941-10), “If You Ask Me,” Ladies’ Home Journal, Vol. 58More about this quote: wist.info/roosevelt-eleanor/29…
#quote #quotes #quotation #qotd #eleanorroosevelt #effectiveness #clothing #female #feminism #gender #genderroles #male #sexism
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#ISSP #Data #Family #GenderRoles
Cumulated ISSP Data on “Family and Changing Gender Roles” out now!
ISSP 1988/1994/2002/2012/2022 – “Family and Changing Gender Roles I-V – Cumulation” https://doi.org/10.4232/1.14750The International Social Survey Programme (ISSP) has conducted a series of surveys shedding light on respondents’ attitudes, opinions, and behavior related to Family and Changing Gender Roles across six continents.
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#ISSP #Data #Family #GenderRoles
Cumulated ISSP Data on “Family and Changing Gender Roles” out now!
ISSP 1988/1994/2002/2012/2022 – “Family and Changing Gender Roles I-V – Cumulation” https://doi.org/10.4232/1.14750The International Social Survey Programme (ISSP) has conducted a series of surveys shedding light on respondents’ attitudes, opinions, and behavior related to Family and Changing Gender Roles across six continents.
-
#ISSP #Data #Family #GenderRoles
Cumulated ISSP Data on “Family and Changing Gender Roles” out now!
ISSP 1988/1994/2002/2012/2022 – “Family and Changing Gender Roles I-V – Cumulation” https://doi.org/10.4232/1.14750The International Social Survey Programme (ISSP) has conducted a series of surveys shedding light on respondents’ attitudes, opinions, and behavior related to Family and Changing Gender Roles across six continents.
-
#ISSP #Data #Family #GenderRoles
Cumulated ISSP Data on “Family and Changing Gender Roles” out now!
ISSP 1988/1994/2002/2012/2022 – “Family and Changing Gender Roles I-V – Cumulation” https://doi.org/10.4232/1.14750The International Social Survey Programme (ISSP) has conducted a series of surveys shedding light on respondents’ attitudes, opinions, and behavior related to Family and Changing Gender Roles across six continents.
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#ISSP #Data #Family #GenderRoles
Cumulated ISSP Data on “Family and Changing Gender Roles” out now!
ISSP 1988/1994/2002/2012/2022 – “Family and Changing Gender Roles I-V – Cumulation” https://doi.org/10.4232/1.14750The International Social Survey Programme (ISSP) has conducted a series of surveys shedding light on respondents’ attitudes, opinions, and behavior related to Family and Changing Gender Roles across six continents.
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New #UnderstandingSociety blog post by CPC-CG members Júlia Mikolai and Hill Kulu at the University of St Andrews explores how #children of #immigrants from culturally similar countries have similar #partnership, #fertility, and #employment trajectories to n#atives – and how #familyfriendly #policies could help to erode #conservative #genderroles https://www.understandingsociety.ac.uk/blog/2026/04/13/diversity-disadvantage/
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New #UnderstandingSociety blog post by CPC-CG members Júlia Mikolai and Hill Kulu at the University of St Andrews explores how #children of #immigrants from culturally similar countries have similar #partnership, #fertility, and #employment trajectories to n#atives – and how #familyfriendly #policies could help to erode #conservative #genderroles https://www.understandingsociety.ac.uk/blog/2026/04/13/diversity-disadvantage/
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Olivia Munn Recounts Tension With Male Co-Star Over Gender Roles in Film Scene
📰 Original title: Olivia Munn Says ‘Obnoxious’ Male Co-Star Wouldn’t Let Her ‘Save’ Him On-Screen
🤖 IA: It's clickbait ⚠️
👥 Usuarios: It's clickbait ⚠️View full AI summary: https://killbait.com/en/olivia-munn-recounts-tension-with-male-co-star-over-gender-roles-in-film-scene/?redirpost=fb886a5d-fac7-47ee-a77b-21b3bcb78534
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Olivia Munn Recounts Tension With Male Co-Star Over Gender Roles in Film Scene
📰 Original title: Olivia Munn Says ‘Obnoxious’ Male Co-Star Wouldn’t Let Her ‘Save’ Him On-Screen
🤖 IA: It's clickbait ⚠️
👥 Usuarios: It's clickbait ⚠️View full AI summary: https://killbait.com/en/olivia-munn-recounts-tension-with-male-co-star-over-gender-roles-in-film-scene/?redirpost=fb886a5d-fac7-47ee-a77b-21b3bcb78534
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Y en una noticia que no sorprende a nadie, la principal actitud detrás del apego al movimiento de #Tradwife en hombres es el sexismo hostil y la religiosidad.¿ Quién lo hubiera dicho, quién lo habría sospechado?… #NoPodíaSaberse
#Gender #GenderRoles #Sexism #HostileSexism #Religiosity
https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/03616843261433199 -
Y en una noticia que no sorprende a nadie, la principal actitud detrás del apego al movimiento de #Tradwife en hombres es el sexismo hostil y la religiosidad.¿ Quién lo hubiera dicho, quién lo habría sospechado?… #NoPodíaSaberse
#Gender #GenderRoles #Sexism #HostileSexism #Religiosity
https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/03616843261433199