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1000 results for “neutron_chick”
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@neutron_chick If people depend hard on phone apps, if they aren't willing to use any Web interface in any browser, and if nobody knows what a progressive Web is, then Friendica is without any competition. There's better Facebook replacement than Friendica, but it's more complex and harder to get into, and there are no phone apps for it.
Recommended phone app for Friendica would be RaccoonForFriendica.
Also, those who have made it over may want to join the Friendica group Facebook Refugees.
Lastly, remember: All this is the Fediverse. Friendica and Mastodon aren't two separate networks, they are bidirectionally connected and federated.
#Long #LongPost #CWLong #CWLongPost #FediMeta #FediverseMeta #CWFediMeta #CWFediverseMeta #Facebook #FacebookAlternative #Friendica #RaccoonForFriendica -
@neutron_chick @noelreports Then here is another quote for you, by the same guy #AlainBerset, #socialDemocrat, our president #CH this year:
> I worry a lot about "war euphoria"…
> it's not because we've had the illusion of stability, and then the *illusion of a sudden change*, that our country should radically change its workings. -
@neutron_chick @noelreports Then here is another quote for you, by the same guy #AlainBerset, #socialDemocrat, our president #CH this year:
> I worry a lot about "war euphoria"…
> it's not because we've had the illusion of stability, and then the *illusion of a sudden change*, that our country should radically change its workings. -
@neutron_chick @noelreports Then here is another quote for you, by the same guy #AlainBerset, #socialDemocrat, our president #CH this year:
> I worry a lot about "war euphoria"…
> it's not because we've had the illusion of stability, and then the *illusion of a sudden change*, that our country should radically change its workings. -
@neutron_chick @noelreports Then here is another quote for you, by the same guy #AlainBerset, #socialDemocrat, our president #CH this year:
> I worry a lot about "war euphoria"…
> it's not because we've had the illusion of stability, and then the *illusion of a sudden change*, that our country should radically change its workings. -
@neutron_chick @noelreports Then here is another quote for you, by the same guy #AlainBerset, #socialDemocrat, our president #CH this year:
> I worry a lot about "war euphoria"…
> it's not because we've had the illusion of stability, and then the *illusion of a sudden change*, that our country should radically change its workings. -
@kamscan This weekend for us!!! Although two neighbors already did theirs last week. I can't do it before Remembrance Day, but I have to say it makes a little happy that they did 🤩🤩 🎄🎄
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2/? More images of the total solar eclipse over North America on April 8, 2024.
1st img: moon covers ~45-50% of the sun, it's at the very edge of the the largest sun spot and it's about to cover it. 2nd img: moon covers ~85-90% of the sun. 3rd img: moon covers ~95% of the sun, which is now a thin crescent. 4th img: moon is covering ~97-98% of the sun, which looks like a very thin crescent.
Next posts will have images during totality.
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@DenisCOVIDinfoguy @auscovid19 It just completely baffles me that doctors who are seeing this and connecting the dots to #Covid aren't screaming for #cleanair, #masking, #airfiltration, etc to avoid as many infections and reinfections as possible ... just wow 😭 😭 😭
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@DenisCOVIDinfoguy @auscovid19 It just completely baffles me that doctors who are seeing this and connecting the dots to #Covid aren't screaming for #cleanair, #masking, #airfiltration, etc to avoid as many infections and reinfections as possible ... just wow 😭 😭 😭
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@DenisCOVIDinfoguy @auscovid19 It just completely baffles me that doctors who are seeing this and connecting the dots to #Covid aren't screaming for #cleanair, #masking, #airfiltration, etc to avoid as many infections and reinfections as possible ... just wow 😭 😭 😭
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@DenisCOVIDinfoguy @auscovid19 It just completely baffles me that doctors who are seeing this and connecting the dots to #Covid aren't screaming for #cleanair, #masking, #airfiltration, etc to avoid as many infections and reinfections as possible ... just wow 😭 😭 😭
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@DenisCOVIDinfoguy @auscovid19 It just completely baffles me that doctors who are seeing this and connecting the dots to #Covid aren't screaming for #cleanair, #masking, #airfiltration, etc to avoid as many infections and reinfections as possible ... just wow 😭 😭 😭
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@tomkindlon @longcovid @covid19 @novid Thanks for sharing! It is a great article. We are all lucky to have Alice Wong as an advocate for those with #disabilities.
And I have been worried. Yesterday she posted several messages on the bird site that she was sick and in hospital... but there hasn't been an update from her for a long while now...I hope she is receiving the care she needs 😓 😓
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Happy for #Manitoba right now!! #NDP win and the 1st #FirstNations premiere in #Canada!! So proud!!
🥹🥹🥹🇨🇦🇨🇦🇨🇦Lots of strategic voting happened. The Progressive #Conservatives still got over 40% of the popular vote. And despite all that, I really think that #ProportionalRepresentation would be a better electoral system.
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Happy for #Manitoba right now!! #NDP win and the 1st #FirstNations premiere in #Canada!! So proud!!
🥹🥹🥹🇨🇦🇨🇦🇨🇦Lots of strategic voting happened. The Progressive #Conservatives still got over 40% of the popular vote. And despite all that, I really think that #ProportionalRepresentation would be a better electoral system.
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Happy for #Manitoba right now!! #NDP win and the 1st #FirstNations premiere in #Canada!! So proud!!
🥹🥹🥹🇨🇦🇨🇦🇨🇦Lots of strategic voting happened. The Progressive #Conservatives still got over 40% of the popular vote. And despite all that, I really think that #ProportionalRepresentation would be a better electoral system.
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@erictopol Huh...Can anyone share a copy of this paper? Or screenshots of key sections?
And does anyone know of any papers looking at human patients and using beta blockers for #longCovid??
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@PBruce It just baffles me how people in leadership can be so bad at communicating with others!!
The fact that she starts by saying that she wants to change things because it "sounds bad", not because it "is" bad, means that she already lost the narrative, even if ultimately she is working to improve things. Unbelievable 😡
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I wish we could all have this option.
For those working full-time, only having 2 days off a week to physically and mentally recharge after a 5 day work week can be very challenging. It's almost never enough for me.
#WorkerRights #economy #MentalHealth #FlexibleWork #FlexWork
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"We have no f'ing idea why so many people in this lugubriously bureaucratic country are dying because our reporting is so ponderously slow and rife with pissing contests and non-cooperation.
Get the f over yourselves and start reporting nationally now. People's live matter."
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@sundogplanets These are really great resources, thanks for sharing!!
#Astronomy #Regina #RASC #Skywatching #Satellites #Starlink #Moon #SolarSystem #Constellations #MilkyWay
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Can we now officially start to say that "Covid is more like HIV than the flu"?? I feel like that's a simple phrase that helps to get the point across.
German Minister of Health Karl Lauterbach: “It is worrying what we observe in people who have had several corona infections. Studies now show very clearly that those affected often have to deal with an incurable immune deficiency”
#Covid #CovidIsNotOver #BringBackMasks #Maskup #CovidAIDS #DavosStandard #Covid19
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@RouxJ I get errors like that sometimes too! I would also like to know what the issue might be.
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Terrestrial Energy Goes Public With Gain of $280M
- Terrestrial Energy Goes Public with Net of $280 Million
- SMR Developers Get Ready to Submit License Applications to NRC
- DOE Re-Issues $900 Million Solicitation For SMRs
- INL Seeks Industry Sponsors for $5-10 Million to Invest in Nuclear Startups
Terrestrial Energy Goes Public with Net of $280 Million
- Terrestrial Energy merged with a special acquisition company
- The firm expects to net $280 million from the deal
The combined entity of Terrestrial Energy and HCM II Acquisition Corp expects to list on Nasdaq under the symbol ISMR. Proceeds will be used to accelerate commercial deployment of Terrestrial Energy’s IMSR technology and to pay transaction expenses. Prior to the SPAC merger, Terrestrial Energy had raised $94 million, according to PitchBook.
The ticker IMSR is a reference to Terrestrial Energy’s design of small modular reactor (SMR), which it calls an integral molten salt reactor. The startup is targeting a range of markets, including electric power, data centers, and industrial applications that require process heat.
The transaction will provide approximately $280 million in gross proceeds consisting of $50 million in common stock PIPE commitments at $10.00 per share from new non-affiliated fundamental institutional investors, and approximately $230 million of cash held in HCM II Acquisition Corp.’s (HCM II) trust account before potential redemption.
HCM II Acquisition Corp. (HCM II) is a blank check company formed for the purpose of effecting a merger, amalgamation, share exchange, asset acquisition, share purchase, reorganization or similar business combination with one or more businesses. HCM II’s Class A ordinary shares and warrants are listed on the NASDAQ under the ticker symbols “HOND” and “HONDW”, respectively.
HCM II’s management team is led by Shawn Matthews, its Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer, and Steven Bischoff, its President and Chief Financial Officer. HCM II’s Board of Directors includes Andrew Brenner, Michael J. Connor and Jacob Loveless.
Cantor Fitzgerald & Co. is acting as exclusive capital markets advisor and sole PIPE placement agent. King & Spalding LLP is acting as legal advisor to HCM II. Bryan Cave Leighton Paisner LLP is acting as legal advisor to Terrestrial Energy. DLA Piper LLP (US) acted as legal counsel to the placement agent, Cantor Fitzgerald & Co.
Key Markets for the IMSR
Terrestrial Energy’s IMSR plant technology is focused on several growth sectors, including data center power supply, industrial heat and power, grid power, and the production of advanced low-carbon fuels and materials.
The company has multiple partnerships and agreements with Westinghouse Fuels, Energy Solutions, Schneider Electric, the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), and Argonne National Laboratory, among others.
Texas A&M University recently selected Terrestrial Energy to partner on the construction of a commercial IMSR plant at the Texas A&M RELLIS campus, contributing to the university’s goal of achieving 1 GW of generating capacity at the site by the mid-2030s.
https://youtu.be/ncKGUj6FN1E?feature=shared
Progress with Canadian and US Nuclear Regulatory Agencies
In 2023 the Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission (CNSC) completed its programmatic Vendor Design Review of the IMSR plant design, the first Generation IV reactor design to complete Canada’s CNSC Vendor Design Review, and a historic industry first for a nuclear plant powered with molten salt reactor technology.
The company’s Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) engagement commenced in 2016 and includes a successful inter-agency joint review of the IMSR technology under a CNSC-U.S. NRC Memorandum of Cooperation and concurrent with the CNSC’s completion of the Vendor Design Review.
About Terrestrial Energy’s IMSR
Terrestrial Energy’s reactor core is designed to be entirely replaced every seven years, in part to head off some of the problems earlier molten salt reactors experienced like corrosion. The reactor core includes not only the fuel and graphite modulators that regulate the speed of the fission reactions, but also the heat exchangers and pumps that keep the salt cool and flowing.
The company’s IMSR plant design, consisting of two operating IMSRs, has an 822 MWth / 390 MWe capacity. Terrestrial Energy’s IMSR technology is differentiated from legacy nuclear technology through its use of molten salt reactor technology, which offers high efficiency and inherently safe operation.
Terrestrial Energy’s IMSR plants are designed to make use of low-cost, readily available Standard-Assay Low Enriched Uranium (LEU enriched to under 5% U235) fuel, enabling secure and scalable fuel supply chains necessary for widespread fleet deployment.
Terrestrial Energy believes the use of LEU fuel is a key competitive advantage given significant challenges to the commercial supply of High-Assay Low- Enriched Uranium (HALEU is enriched to between 15% and 20% U235) due to geopolitical tensions.
There are many proposals to build commercial-scale molten salt reactors, but to date, none has been built. The basic technology was invented in the 1950s at Oak Ridge National Laboratory. However, these designs did not proceed to commercial implementation.
Terrestrial Energy isn’t the first SMR startup to use a SPAC — Sam Altmans Oklo completed its deal in 2024. However, X-Energy exited a SPAC deal shortly after the termination of NuScale’s project in Idaho and reverted to being a privately held company.
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SMR Developers Get Ready to Submit License Applications to NRC
(WNN) Oklo Inc and Deep Atomic Inc are preparing pre-application engagements with with the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) for their respective projects: Oklo Inc is engaging with the regulator ahead of an application to construct and operate an Aurora Powerhouse at Idaho National Laboratory, while Deep Atomic is planning to apply for design certification of its MK60 small modular reactor.
NRC pre-application activities mainly occur through three processes: white papers/technical reports, topical reports, and readiness assessments. These documents request NRC feedback on technical, programmatic, regulatory, or administrative topics that may involve challenging issues, describe new/novel approaches, involve policy issues that require Commission involvement, or are technical areas that applicant/vendors have little experience.
SMR Developers Engage With US Regulators
NRC policy regulating advanced nuclear reactors encourages potential applicants to engage with its staff “early and often” in the design process to help minimize complexity and add stability and predictability in the licensing and regulation process.
Oklo is engaging with the NRC through a Pre-Application Readiness Assessment for the combined license application (COLA) it intends to submit later this year. The readiness assessment allows NRC staff to review and familiarize themselves with Oklo’s licensing materials ahead of the full application so that both sides can prepare for an efficient and cost-effective review
The Readiness Assessment will begin later this month, and will address the content of the first phase of Oklo’s COLA submission, which will include information on the siting and environmental portions of the application. Oklo plans to submit a formal COLA later this year, with plans for follow on-applications for an order pipeline of 14 GW.
The Aurora powerhouse is a fast neutron reactor capable of producing electricity – up to 50 MWe – or heat. Oklo received a site use permit from the US Department of Energy in 2019 to build and operate a prototype reactor at Idaho National Laboratory and is working towards site characterization for the first-of-a-kind plant.
The firm plans to submit its combined license application after 10/01/25 which is the date at which the NRC’s planned 55% hourly reduction in fees takes place for applications by developers of advanced reactors.
Oklo’s first reactor, which is to be built at a site on the Idaho National Laboratory, will use HALEU fuel derived from the EBR II project. While there is enough for a first fuel loading, like other advanced reactors developers, the firm is facing a challenge to secure enough fuel for future new builds especially at multi-unit sites supporting data centers.
It will be 2030 or later before production of HALEU fuel by US suppliers is up to speed. Oklo noted in the investor briefing that it is also building a spent fuel recycling facility and fuel fabrication plant at the Idaho lab which will provide the fuel for its commercial installations.
Oklo said in an investor briefing last week that it has expanded the power rating of its advanced reactor to 75 MW to meet requirements for power by large data center customers. The firm said in the briefing the change will take place, “without any notable technical, design, or regulatory complexities.”
The firm’s ambitions to build out 14 GW of power for multiple customers translates into about 190 of the 75 MW units. The firm’s business model is one of build, own, and operate the reactors at customer sites. Each reactor the firm builds and operates becomes a continuous revenue stream for the firm. The firm said in its briefing that the larger reactor design is more fuel efficient and allows its customers to achieve needed electrical generation with fewer reactors.
Deep Atomic Design certification
Deep Atomic formally notified the NRC in a letter dated 03/01/25 of its intent to begin the Pre-Application Process for the Design Certification of its MK60 SMR. The MK60 SMR uses pressurized light water reactor technology, and is designed to produce 60 MW of electricity. It is specifically intended to cater for data centers. The Zurich, Switzerland-headquartered company says its target date for the project (series manufacturing) is the fourth quarter of 2029.
“We are looking forward to working collaboratively with the NRC to ensure a transparent, efficient, and thorough review process throughout all stages of the licensing process,” Deep Atomic CEO William Theron said in the letter to the NRC.
Deep Atomic initiated the consultation with the NRC in October last year. It aims to submit its regulatory engagement plan this coming July and the design certification application by the fourth quarter of 2027. It told the NRC that it also intends to submit an application for an Early Site Permit – which certifies that a site is suitable for the construction of a nuclear power plant from the point of view of site safety, environmental impact and emergency planning – by the fourth quarter of 2027, but without naming a proposed site. Eventually, the firm will have to select a location for the ESP.
Deep Atomic recently issued a white paper on its vision for co-location of SMRs at data centers to provide a fully integrated, optimized power and cooling generation solution. The company says it views the data center and the SMR as parts of one integrated system rather than two separate entities.
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DOE Re-Issues $900 Million Solicitation For Generation III+ SMRs
(NucNet) The US Department of Energy (DOE) on 03/24/25 re-issued a $900m (€831m) solicitation to support the deployment of Generation III+ small modular reactors (SMRs). The re-issued solicitation specifies light-water reactor (LWR) technologies.
Among the changes, “all community benefits requirements, and related elements, have been removed from the solicitation.” The previous solicitation required a community benefit plan that considered four factors: local engagement, alignment of community benefits with community priorities, quality local jobs, and support for underrepresented groups. The previous solicitation put 20% of the evaluation for a funding award on these factors.
The original solicitation was issued in October 2024. The new solicitation has the objective of achieving “grid-scale deployment of “domestic Gen III+ SMR technologies that are reliable, able to be licensed, commercially viable, and have a demonstrated path towards a multi-reactor order book.”
Three Applicants Likely Among Others
While the solicitation is open to all comers, three applicants to the previous RFP are likely submit bids for this one. They include;
Constellation had teamed with the New York State Energy Research and Development Authority to support an early site permit from the Nuclear Regulatory Commission for one or more advanced nuclear reactors at the Nine Mile Point site in upstate New York.
TVA applied to “accelerate construction of an SMR at TVA’s Clinch River Project, in Oak Ridge, TN,, by two years—with commercial operation planned for 2033.” The selected SMR is the GE-Hitachi BWRX-300.
TVA’s partners include Bechtel, BWX Technologies, Duke Energy, the Electric Power Research Institute, GE Hitachi Nuclear Energy, Indiana Michigan Power, Oak Ridge Associated Universities, Sargent & Lundy, Scot Forge, and North American Forgemasters.
Arizona Public Service had partnered with the Salt River Project and Tucson Electric Power. It focused on site selection efforts with a site picked by the end of the decade and having an SMR in revenue service in the early 2040s.
DOE’s Risk Reduction Strategy
The DOE said the re-issued solicitation offers funding to de-risk the deployment of Generation III+ light-water small modular reactors through two tiers.
Tier 1 will provide up to $800 million to support up to two “first mover” teams of utility, reactor vendor, constructor, and end-users or off-takers committed to deploying a first plant and developing a multi-reactor, Generation III+ SMR order book.
Tier 2 will provide approximately $100 million to spur additional Generation III+ SMR deployments by addressing key gaps that have hindered the domestic nuclear industry in areas such as design, licensing, supply chain, and site preparation.
Why DOE Wants SMRs
The DOE said US electricity demand is forecast to soar in the coming years driven by consumer needs, data center growth, increased AI use, and the industrial sector’s need for constant power.
SMRs could provide reliable power for these energy-intensive sectors, with the added benefit of flexible deployment thanks to their compact size and modular design.
Light-water SMRs could also make use of the existing service and supply chain, including LEU fuel, e.g., less than 5% U235, supporting the country’s current fleet of LWRs. This would help speed up the near-term deployment of new nuclear reactors, the DOE said.
Generation III+ plants incorporate passive safety features which require no active controls. They can shut down safely in an emergency without the need for operator action or electronic feedback. There is no precise definition of Generation III+, but full size plants already in operation that include Generation III+ features include the Westinghouse AP1000, Areva’s EPR and Russia’s VVER 1200. Many generation III+ SMR plants, e.g, less than 300 MW, are under development by multiple developers, but none are yet in operation.
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Idaho National Laboratory Seeks Industry Sponsors for $5-10 Million to Invest in Nuclear Startups
The Idaho National Laboratory (INL) is seeking an industry sponsor to invest $5 million to $10 million in a privately funded innovation incubator. This program will combine the power of a national laboratory with private sector commercialization knowledge to unleash breakthrough innovations by finding and supporting promising startups in the areas of nuclear energy, integrated energy systems, cybersecurity and advanced materials.
The innovation incubator seeks to provide seed-stage startups aligned with the private sector sponsor’s strategic investment priorities with access to INL’s world-class facilities and technical expertise, which can de-risk and advance their innovations. This is a unique opportunity to support promising startups and be at the forefront of innovation.
INL and the private sector sponsor will jointly issue nationwide calls for entrepreneurs and startups to identify American technologies and talent. This effort will develop and narrow into a small cohort of top candidates who will be selected for investment. The incubator provides the private sector sponsor with direct access to a pipeline of innovation at a fraction of the cost of conventional acquisition. Sponsor benefits include:
Pipeline to innovation: The incubator delivers a turnkey source of cutting-edge American innovation in the private sector sponsor’s areas of strategic interest, providing valuable new growth opportunities.
Technology de-risking: National laboratory scientists and laboratory capabilities that provide unparalleled technical due diligence for identified opportunities and subsequent acceleration of technology advancement, resulting in opportunities that are substantially de-risked.
Publicity for advancing American innovation: Partnering with INL adds credibility, goodwill and visibility to the private sector sponsor’s investments, demonstrating viable leadership in technical innovation.
Interested industry sponsors can contact [email protected] for more information.
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✨ iZotope introduces Neutron 5 – AI-enhanced mixing for pro-quality sound! 🎚️
Gain full control and speed up your mixing process with advanced AI.
👉 Check out more details in EN/FA on:
https://iem.dj/u9i4 -
Uranium Enrichment Facility And Heavy Water Reactor Of Islamic Terrorist State Iran Hit By Israel
Even as Trump’s America and the Islamic terrorist state of Iran are negotiating, Israel’s Air Force jets successfully struck the uranium enrichment facility as well as the heavy water reactor in different locations of Iran, according to a news report by The Jerusalem Post. The operation only shows Iran getting weaker in the war.
To put things in perspective, posted below is an excerpt from the news report of The Jerusalem Post. Some parts in boldface…
Israel attacked Iran’s Khandab heavy water reactor in Arak, as well as a uranium enrichment facility in Ardakan, on Friday, the IDF confirmed.
Over 50 Israel Air Force (IAF) fighter jets, guided by IDF intelligence, completed strikes targeting the Iranian terror regime’s infrastructure across three areas simultaneously, the IDF said.
Earlier Iranian state media reports noted that the enrichment facility in Ardakan produced yellowcake, a concentrated uranium powder used in the early stages of nuclear fuel production.
Later on Friday, a missile struck the Bushehr nuclear plant in Iran, according to the Atomic Energy Organization of Iran, with no casualties, material damage, or technical disruptions being reported.
Heavy water is a unique material used to operate nuclear reactors – A government official told the Islamic Republic’s semi-official Fars News Agency, which is linked to the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC), that no casualties occurred in the reported attack on the heavy water reactor, and that there is no danger to the local population. Fars reported that the facility was struck twice.
“Heavy water is a unique material used to operate nuclear reactors, such as the inactive Arak reactor, which was originally designed to have weapons-grade plutonium production capabilities,” the IDF said. “These materials can also be used as a neutron source for nuclear weapons.“
The military added that the facility, which was hit during the June 2025 war between Israel and Iran, was also a “significant economic asset” for the Iranian regime and generated tens of millions of dollars for the Iranian Atomic Energy Organization.
According to the military, Iran worked to rebuild the facility after it was struck nine months ago. It added that the Islamic Republic deliberately avoided a mandate to convert the reactor so that it would not be capable of producing weapons-grade plutonium.
In a statement issued later by the IDF, the military said Friday’s attacks across Iran also targeted a military industry facility used for the production of a variety of weapons, an Iranian Ministry of Defense site used for the development and production of advanced explosive devices, and a site used for the production of components for ballistic missiles and anti-aircraft missiles.
Attacks follow call for evacuation – The attack comes after the IDF called for residents of the northwestern Iranian city of Arak to evacuate ahead of imminent strikes on nearby regime military infrastructure.
The heavy water reactor is located a short distance northwest of the municipality of Arak. The call for evacuation was posted on the IDF’s Persian-language X/Twitter account, and included graphics illustrating the targeted areas and evacuation routes.
The post further called for those in the nearby Khairabad industrial zone to evacuate.
Soon thereafter, the IDF announced that it had begun simultaneous attacks on regime infrastructure in three areas of Iran. It did not specify further on the targets of the attacks.
Iranian media claims strikes on Ardakan yellowcake production facility – Shortly after the strikes on the heavy water research reactor, Iranian state media outlets reported attacks on the yellowcake production facility in Ardakan. The IDF later confirmed it struck the site.
Ardakan is a city in Iran’s Yazd province, which the IDF had struck previously. targeting a central site for producing missiles and sea mines.
For other updates about what has been going lately in the Middle East, watch the YouTube news videos below.
https://www.youtube.com/live/peGur27n9ck?si=UlIGqzvMRQdF-1oD
https://youtu.be/XFHSfGgnguE?si=2wNuEEQOuYqBZFny
https://youtu.be/0mLYkaz0Muc?si=238GTdgXaVIRDPyD
https://youtu.be/zNzwkhLR-PM?si=tCh6zsYodmuhjdyW
Let me end this piece by asking you readers: What is your reaction to this development? Do you think the successful strikes by Israel’s Air Force made the Islamic terrorist regime of Iran less capable of developing nuclear material for its weapons? How long do you think the war against Iran will last? What do you think America and Israel should do to find the launchers of Iran’s heavy missiles?
You may answer in the comments below. If you prefer to answer privately, you may do so by sending me a direct message online.
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Thank you for reading. If you find this article engaging, please click the like button below, share this article to others and also please consider making a donation to support my publishing. If you are looking for a copywriter to create content for your special project or business, check out my services and my portfolio. Feel free to contact me with a private message. Also please feel free to visit my Facebook page Author Carlo Carrasco and follow me on Twitter at @HavenorFantasy as well as on Tumblr at https://carlocarrasco.tumblr.com/ and on Instagram athttps://www.instagram.com/authorcarlocarrasco
#AirForce #America #AmericaFirst #Ayatollah #BenjaminNetanyahu #CarloCarrasco #CBNNews #ChatGPT #ChristianBroadcastingNetworkCBN #Communist #diversity #DonaldJTrump #DonaldTrump #evilOfIran #Facebook #geek #geopolitics #Google #GoogleSearch #Hamas #ILoveIsrael #IStandWithIsrael #identityPolitics #Inclusion #Instagram #Investagrams #Iran #Islam #IslamicTerrorism #IslamicTerroristRegimeOfIran #IslamicTerroristStateOfIran #IslamicTerrorists #Islamist #IslamoLeft #Israel #IsraelAirForceIAF #IsraelDefenseForcesIDF #Jerusalem #JewishState #journalism #Khamenei #MAGA #MakeAmericaGreatAgain #MakeAmericaGreatAgainMAGA #Marxist #military #militaryLifestyle #NATO #NorthAtlanticTreatyOrganizationNATO #OperationRoaringLion #Palestinians #politics #PresidentTrump #Republicans #SkyNewsAustralia #socialMedia #socialist #soldiers #StateOfIsrael #SupportIsrael #TBNIsrael #technology #terrorism #terroristStateOfIran #terrorists #Trump #TrumpSAmerica #Tumblr #UnitedStates #UnitedStatesOfAmerica #UnitedStatesOfAmericaUSA #war #woke #WordPress #WordPressCom #YouTube -
How Mitochondrial Dynamism Orchestrates Mitophagy
Authors Orian S. Shirihai, Moshi Song, Gerald W. Dorn II
Understanding the Significance of Mitochondrial Fission and Fusion
Mitochondrial dynamics refers to the movement of #mitochondria within a cell. This includes #fission, which is when mitochondria divide into two parts, #fusion, which is when two mitochondria join together, and #translocation, which is when mitochondria move from one part of the #cell to another. This movement is important for maintaining the stability of the mitochondrial #DNA, which is the genetic material found in mitochondria, and for controlling the cell's #respiration. It can also be involved in programmed #CellDeath. In the #heart, mitochondrial dynamics #protein s, such as #mitofusin s, optic #atrophy, and dynamin-related protein, are highly expressed and play an important role in maintaining the quality of the #mitochondria. Other roles for mitochondrial dynamics proteins in the #heart include helping to move #calcium into the mitochondria and regulating the structure of the mitochondria.
#Mitochondria are organelles in cells that are responsible for producing #energy. They can change their structure by breaking apart (#fission) and reforming (#fusion). This process is complicated and energy intensive, so it is important to understand why it is necessary. One reason may be that when cells divide, the mitochondria need to be divided equally between the two daughter cells. This requires the #mitochondria to be broken apart and then reformed in each daughter #cell. This process of breaking apart and reforming is more efficient than growing and budding the mitochondria. To help explain this process, the authors use the analogy of an army. Each soldier in the army is like a protein in the mitochondria, and the different units of the army are like the different parts of the #mitochondria. To increase the size of the army, units are added, rather than individual soldiers. This is similar to how mitochondria are modified, by adding or subtracting intact functional units, rather than individual #protein s.
Mitochondria are #organelle s in cells that can change their physical structure by undergoing fission. Fission can be symmetrical, which is when mitochondria replicate and expand the number of #mitochondria in the #cell, or asymmetrical, which is when damaged components of the mitochondria are removed. The major #protein that helps with mitochondrial fission is called Drp1. It is mostly found in the #cytosol, but it needs to be recruited to the outer mitochondrial #membrane to help with fission. Different factors can cause Drp1 to be recruited, such as phosphorylation by mitotic kinase cyclin B–cyclin-dependent-kinase (cdk) 1 complex during #cell division, or interacting with Bcl-2–associated protein x during #apoptosis. Inhibiting Drp1 can protect cells from some, but not all, forms of programmed cell death.
Mitochondria, which are organelles in cells, can be partitioned in #mitosis. The most efficient way to do this is by dismantling and then reconstituting the cellular #mitochondria network through sequential #organelle fission, distribution, and refusion. To explain this concept, the text uses an analogy of how military units are constituted and managed within an army's hierarchical organization structure. In this analogy, each soldier represents an individual respiratory complex #protein, which are grouped together to form a squad (analogous to a respiratory complex). Squads are arranged into platoons, and approximately 6 platoons comprise a functional unit, the company (like 1 complete respiratory chain). The text suggests that it would be easier to add prefabricated supercomplexes to preexisting ones, as by fusing mitochondrial cristae, rather than trying to make a larger or different shaped mitochondrion through the wholesale incorporation of individual proteins. This is because making major structural modifications of respiratory supercomplexes on paracrystalline cristal membranes would first require destabilizing the #membrane, then incorporating additional individual #protein components, and finally reconstructing the original highly organized structure, which is complicated and potentially disruptive.
#Mitochondria are small organelles in cells that can change their physical structure by undergoing fission. Fission can be symmetrical, which means the #mitochondria are split into two equal parts, or asymmetrical, which means the mitochondria are split into two unequal parts. Symmetrical fission is used to replicate and expand the number of mitochondria in the #cell, while asymmetrical fission is used to remove damaged mitochondria from the cell. The major #protein responsible for mitochondrial fission is called Drp1. Drp1 is mostly found in the cytosol, but it needs to be recruited to the outer mitochondrial #membrane to promote fission. Different factors can stimulate Drp1 to move to the outer mitochondrial #membrane, such as phosphorylation by mitotic kinase cyclin B–cyclin-dependent-kinase (cdk) 1 complex. In addition, the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is often found at the sites of mitochondrial fission. If Drp1 is not present, the mitochondria can still fragment during #mitosis, suggesting that there are other mechanisms that can promote mitochondrial fission.
The text is talking about the process of mitochondrial fission, which is a process that involves connecting and separating parts of a #mitochondria. The author uses the metaphor of making sausage links to explain the process, but then goes on to explain that mitochondria are actually more like a turducken, which is a dish made of a chicken stuffed inside a duck stuffed inside a turkey. This creates layers of poultry, which is similar to the double #membrane /double space structure of #mitochondria. The author then explains that the process of mitochondrial fusion involves connecting the two mitochondria layer by layer, using proteins called mitofusins. Mitofusins have a #GTPase domain, two hydrophobic heptad repeat coiled-coil domains, and a small hydrophobic transmembrane domain. These proteins insert into the outer #membrane of the #mitochondria, and can interact with other proteins in the cytosol. The process of mitochondrial fusion is GTP-independent and reversible, but #GTP #hydrolysis is essential for irreversible outer membrane fusion.
#Mitofusins are proteins that are essential for the first two stages of mitochondrial fusion, which is the process of two mitochondria joining together. This process is important for the exchange of information between the #mitochondria and the #cell. If the mitofusins are deleted or suppressed, the mitochondria become abnormally small and are unable to undergo normal fusion. This can have serious implications for the health of the #cell.
Membrane-by-membrane mitochondrial fusion is a process that helps to keep the structure of the inner and outer membranes of #mitochondria intact. This helps to preserve the process of oxidative phosphorylation, which is important for providing energy to cells. Without this process, molecules that can be toxic to cells can form and interrupt the electron transport chain. This process is also important for maintaining the normal shape of the crista, which is necessary for the proper assembly and functioning of electron transport chain supercomplexes. In addition, it has been shown that interrupting Mfn-mediated OMM fusion can cause a #cardiomyocyte ER stress response, while interrupting Opa1-mediated IMM fusion can compromise mitochondrial function.
Mitochondrial fission and fusion are important processes in #biology, as evidenced by the fact that mutations in genes related to these processes can cause serious diseases in humans. Altering the balance between fission and fusion can have an effect on the shape of #mitochondria, with more fusion leading to longer, more interconnected mitochondria, and more fission leading to shorter, less interconnected mitochondria. It is generally thought that more interconnected #mitochondria are healthier, but this is not always the case. In some cases, mitochondrial #fragmentation can be beneficial, and it is important to understand the interplay between mitochondrial fragmentation and other processes, such as #mitophagy, in order to understand the effects of mitochondrial fission and fusion.
Mitophagy is a process by which cells eat their own #mitochondria. Mitochondria are organelles that produce energy in the form of #ATP, which is used to power most biological processes. Over time, mitochondria can become damaged and produce toxic levels of reactive oxygen species ( #ROS ). To protect the #cell from this damage, it has developed a sophisticated system to identify and remove these dysfunctional #mitochondria. This process is called mitophagy. #Mitophagy is a combination of the words mitochondria and #autophagy, which means "self-eating". It is a way for cells to selectively target and remove damaged mitochondria, while still keeping healthy ones. This helps to maintain the balance between having enough energy-producing #mitochondria and getting rid of the ones that are no longer functioning properly.
Pulse chase experiments are a type of scientific experiment used to study the behavior of molecules over time. In this particular experiment, researchers found that when #mitochondria (the energy-producing organelles in cells) are targeted for #mitophagy (a process of removing damaged mitochondria from the cell), they have a relatively depolarized #membrane potential before being removed. This means that the #mitochondria have a lower electrical charge than normal, and they are less likely to be involved in #fusion events (when two mitochondria join together). The time between the mitochondria becoming depolarized and being removed from the cell can range from less than an hour to about three hours, suggesting that there is a population of preautophagic #mitochondria (mitochondria that are about to be removed). This #preautophagic pool helps to explain the variation in mitochondrial #membrane potential in different cell types. The process that feeds mitochondria into the preautophagic pool is important for determining how quickly #mitochondria are removed from the #cell. Scientists have developed a technology to label individual mitochondria and track their #membrane potential, which has allowed them to identify the event at which depolarized #mitochondria are produced. This event is called asymmetrical fission, and it occurs when the daughter mitochondria produced by the fission event have different #membrane potentials - one daughter has a higher membrane potential than the mother mitochondrion, while the other daughter has a lower membrane potential. This process of asymmetrical fission helps to separate damaged components from healthy components before they are removed from the #cell.
The concept of mitochondrial fission and fusion and how it affects mitochondrial quality. It suggests that when the fusion factors Mfn1 and Mfn2 are both absent, unusually small and degenerated #mitochondria accumulate in adult mouse hearts. This was associated with impaired #cardiomyocyte respiration, but not with measurable alterations in #oxygen consumption. It was later discovered that the isolation procedure used was not capturing the fragmented #mitochondria produced by interrupting mitochondrial fusion. This led to the discovery that Mfn2 is essential to #Parkin-mediated #mitophagy, which is a process that helps to maintain mitochondrial quality. Three recent papers have also implicated the mitochondrial fission protein Drp1 in cardiac #mitophagy, and it is suggested that if asymmetrical mitochondrial fission normally precedes mitophagy, then chronic suppression of fission by ablating Drp1 would have different consequences on #mitophagy depending on when it is assayed.
Mfn2 and PINK1–Parkin Mitophagy Signaling is a mechanism for controlling the quality of #mitochondria in the body. #PINK1 and #Parkin are proteins that are linked to #Parkinson's disease, and mutations in their genes were the first to be identified as causing the disease. Scientists have studied how PINK1 interacts with Parkin, and how this interaction can lead to the destruction of damaged #mitochondria, which is called #mitophagy. #PINK1 is like an ignition switch that senses when mitochondrial damage has occurred, and then activates Parkin-mediated mitophagy. PINK1 is normally not present in healthy #mitochondria, but when mitochondrial damage occurs, PINK1 accumulates and triggers the destruction of the damaged #mitochondria.
PINK1 is a protein that accumulates on damaged mitochondria and helps to promote mitophagy, which is the process of getting rid of damaged mitochondria. PINK1 does this by inducing the cytosolic protein Parkin to move to the mitochondria and ubiquitinate proteins on the outer membrane of the mitochondria. This helps to prevent the spread of damage from the damaged mitochondria to the healthy ones. PINK1 also inhibits the fusion of the damaged mitochondria. There are different theories about the biochemical events that cause Parkin to move to the mitochondria and stop the fusion. It is thought that PINK1 phosphorylates Parkin on certain sites, which helps Parkin bind to the mitochondria. It is also thought that PINK1 phosphorylates ubiquitin, which helps Parkin bind to the mitochondria and ubiquitinate proteins on the outer membrane. Finally, it is thought that PINK1 phosphorylates Mfn2, which helps Parkin bind to the mitochondria and ubiquitinate proteins on the outer membrane. All of these processes help to promote mitophagy and prevent the spread of damage from the damaged mitochondria to the healthy ones.
#PINK1 is a protein that plays an important role in a process called #mitophagy, which is a form of quality control for mitochondria. Mutations in the #PINK1 #gene have been linked to hereditary #Parkinson's disease in humans, but when the PINK1 gene is deleted in mice, it does not cause the same #neurodegenerative pattern seen in humans. Even when the genes for PINK1, Parkin, and DJ-1 are all deleted in mice, it still does not cause the same loss of dopaminergic #neuron s seen in #Parkinson's disease patients. This suggests that there may be other pathways that can compensate for the loss of #PINK1 and #Parkin, such as increased transcription of other E3 #ubiquitin ligases in the hearts of Parkin-knockout mice.
The text is discussing the idea of mitochondrial quality control pathways, which are processes that help keep mitochondria healthy. The text is suggesting that there may be alternate pathways that can be used to maintain mitochondrial health, rather than waiting until the mitochondria are completely depolarized before triggering their removal. It is comparing this idea to the idea of maintaining a car, where it is better to perform regular maintenance and repairs rather than waiting until the car is completely broken down before replacing it.
Like a car, mitochondria can be maintained through preventative maintenance, such as replacing worn parts, and that more serious damage can be repaired by removing and replacing individual components. It also suggests that, like a car, #mitochondria can be repaired by removing and replacing damaged parts, but on a smaller scale. The different types of maintenance and repair may be part of a continuum, rather than distinct categories.
#Mitophagy and mitochondrial dynamism are two processes that are closely connected. Mitophagy is the process of removing damaged #mitochondria from the #cell, while mitochondrial dynamism is the process of mitochondria fusing together and separating. The two processes work together to keep the cell healthy by eliminating damaged mitochondria and preventing healthy mitochondria from being contaminated by the damaged ones. The protein #Mfn2 plays a role in both processes, acting as a factor for mitochondrial fusion when it is not acted on by #PINK1 and as a receptor for #Parkin when it is. This suggests that the two processes are mutually exclusive, meaning that they cannot happen at the same time. This helps to protect healthy #mitochondria from being contaminated by the damaged ones. Finally, the involvement of PINK1 and Parkin in multiple mitochondrial quality control mechanisms shows that there are multiple ways to keep the #mitochondria healthy, which is important for preventing chronic degenerative diseases and providing opportunities for #therapeutic intervention.