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1000 results for “c_alpha”
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Watch the Deleted Bone Temple Scene Before It Hits Digital
Fans of 28 Years Later have just received a rare glimpse of a moment that never made it to theaters. IGN posted a short clip that shows Sir Lord Jimmy Crystal confronting the Alpha infected Samson. The clip appears just days before the film reaches digital platforms....
#28yearslater #28YearsLaterBoneTemple #BoneTemple #DannyBoyle #NiaDaCosta
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Watch the Deleted Bone Temple Scene Before It Hits Digital
Fans of 28 Years Later have just received a rare glimpse of a moment that never made it to theaters. IGN posted a short clip that shows Sir Lord Jimmy Crystal confronting the Alpha infected Samson. The clip appears just days before the film reaches digital platforms....
#28yearslater #28YearsLaterBoneTemple #BoneTemple #DannyBoyle #NiaDaCosta
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Watch the Deleted Bone Temple Scene Before It Hits Digital
Fans of 28 Years Later have just received a rare glimpse of a moment that never made it to theaters. IGN posted a short clip that shows Sir Lord Jimmy Crystal confronting the Alpha infected Samson. The clip appears just days before the film reaches digital platforms....
#28yearslater #28YearsLaterBoneTemple #BoneTemple #DannyBoyle #NiaDaCosta
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#CircuitPython 10.3.0-alpha.1 released! https://blog.adafruit.com/2026/04/30/circuitpython-10-3-0-alpha-1-released/
Highlights of this release:
- Improve SD card USB presentation on macOS.
- Prefer 'foo.py' over 'foo/' package when importing, like CPython.
- Pin fixes.
- Enable gifio and storage in Zephyr port. -
#DJT #campaign almost exclusively targets toxic tone towards appeal for #AlphaMale voters, decidedly and unrepentantly so, referring to #press as #retarded. #TrumpCampaign leads in appeal towards #MaleVoters by average of 10% in recent #polls, #KamalaHarris in turn has 10% lead with #womenvoters, but 5% less of that important #demographic than Biden polled in 2020.
[ #Election2024 #HorseRace #PoliticalAnalysis #SubscriberBenefits #SharedLink #PaywallLift Via #WashingtonPost ]
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Duo Of Trillionaire #Tech Giants Hit With Rare Regulatory Blow In Europe
US #SiliconValley Kings $APPL and #Alphabet Stung By #EU legal appeal loses
via #FinancialTimes #GiftLink #SharedLink #Alphabet $Goog
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Experimental and Theoretical Confirmation of Covalent Bonding in α-Pu
https://advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/adfm.202501798
#HackerNews #Experimental #Theoretical #CovalentBonding #AlphaPu #ScienceResearch
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The ICE agent’s cellphone video: Five key moments
Editor’s Note: Very important video. The Post seem to have made this widely available to all. I hope no paywalls. Read and view online. –DrWeb
The ICE agent’s cellphone video: Five key moments
New footage sheds light on fatal shooting of Renee Good in Minneapolis.
Today at 9:19 p.m. EST
By Jonathan Baran, Aaron C. Davis and Jarrett Ley 3 min
Cellphone video recorded by an Immigration and Customs Enforcement agent as he fatally shot a woman in Minneapolis surfaced online Friday, revealing new details about the hotly disputed incident from a perspective rarely seen.
The 47-second recording, published by the Minnesota website Alpha News, shows for the first time that Renee Nicole Good spoke to the ICE agent, Jonathan Ross, before he shot her. It reveals that, a split second before the gunfire, Good’s wife urged her to drive away from the scene.
It does not show whether Good’s SUV came into contact with Ross, as the Trump administration contends. Vice President JD Vance said Friday that the video exonerated Ross. “The reality is that his life was endangered and he fired in self defense,” Vance wrote on X.
The Washington Post previously reported that Good’s SUV did move toward Ross as he stood in front of it, according to a frame-by-frame analysis of different video footage. But Ross was able to move out of the way and fire at least two of three shots from the side of the vehicle as it veered past him, according to The Post’s analysis.
Neither Ross nor a spokesperson for the Department of Homeland Security returned messages seeking comment. Good’s wife also declined to comment.
1. Good speaks to Ross
(Video: Obtained by Alpha News)
On Wednesday morning, less than a minute before the gunfire, Ross walks around Good’s vehicle.
👁️
Follow Visual stories
As he passes the driver’s side door, she speaks to him through her open window. “That’s fine dude, I’m not mad at you,” Good, 37, says.
It’s not clear what elicited her comment. In the footage, Ross does not speak before the shooting.
2. Good’s wife confronts Ross
(Video: Obtained by Alpha News)
Good’s wife, Rebecca Good, confronts Ross as he walks behind the SUV.
“We don’t change our plates every morning,” she says, an apparent reference to criticism that ICE agents have swapped license plates on agency vehicles amid immigration sweeps. “Want to come at us? I say go get yourself some lunch, big boy,” she says.
Continue/Read Original Article: https://www.washingtonpost.com/investigations/2026/01/09/moments-before-ice-shooting-minneapolis/
Tags: Alpha News, Cellphone Video, Homeland Security, Ice, Investigations, January 9 2026, Jonathan Ross, Minneapolis, Minneapolis Shooting, Rebecca Good, Renee Nicole Good, Ross, The Washington Post, Video
#AlphaNews #CellphoneVideo #HomelandSecurity #Ice #Investigations #January92026 #JonathanRoss #Minneapolis #MinneapolisShooting #RebeccaGood #ReneeNicoleGood #Ross #TheWashingtonPost #Video -
The ICE agent’s cellphone video: Five key moments
Editor’s Note: Very important video. The Post seem to have made this widely available to all. I hope no paywalls. Read and view online. –DrWeb
The ICE agent’s cellphone video: Five key moments
New footage sheds light on fatal shooting of Renee Good in Minneapolis.
Today at 9:19 p.m. EST
By Jonathan Baran, Aaron C. Davis and Jarrett Ley 3 min
Cellphone video recorded by an Immigration and Customs Enforcement agent as he fatally shot a woman in Minneapolis surfaced online Friday, revealing new details about the hotly disputed incident from a perspective rarely seen.
The 47-second recording, published by the Minnesota website Alpha News, shows for the first time that Renee Nicole Good spoke to the ICE agent, Jonathan Ross, before he shot her. It reveals that, a split second before the gunfire, Good’s wife urged her to drive away from the scene.
It does not show whether Good’s SUV came into contact with Ross, as the Trump administration contends. Vice President JD Vance said Friday that the video exonerated Ross. “The reality is that his life was endangered and he fired in self defense,” Vance wrote on X.
The Washington Post previously reported that Good’s SUV did move toward Ross as he stood in front of it, according to a frame-by-frame analysis of different video footage. But Ross was able to move out of the way and fire at least two of three shots from the side of the vehicle as it veered past him, according to The Post’s analysis.
Neither Ross nor a spokesperson for the Department of Homeland Security returned messages seeking comment. Good’s wife also declined to comment.
1. Good speaks to Ross
(Video: Obtained by Alpha News)
On Wednesday morning, less than a minute before the gunfire, Ross walks around Good’s vehicle.
👁️
Follow Visual stories
As he passes the driver’s side door, she speaks to him through her open window. “That’s fine dude, I’m not mad at you,” Good, 37, says.
It’s not clear what elicited her comment. In the footage, Ross does not speak before the shooting.
2. Good’s wife confronts Ross
(Video: Obtained by Alpha News)
Good’s wife, Rebecca Good, confronts Ross as he walks behind the SUV.
“We don’t change our plates every morning,” she says, an apparent reference to criticism that ICE agents have swapped license plates on agency vehicles amid immigration sweeps. “Want to come at us? I say go get yourself some lunch, big boy,” she says.
Continue/Read Original Article: https://www.washingtonpost.com/investigations/2026/01/09/moments-before-ice-shooting-minneapolis/
Tags: Alpha News, Cellphone Video, Homeland Security, Ice, Investigations, January 9 2026, Jonathan Ross, Minneapolis, Minneapolis Shooting, Rebecca Good, Renee Nicole Good, Ross, The Washington Post, Video
#AlphaNews #CellphoneVideo #HomelandSecurity #Ice #Investigations #January92026 #JonathanRoss #Minneapolis #MinneapolisShooting #RebeccaGood #ReneeNicoleGood #Ross #TheWashingtonPost #Video -
The ICE agent’s cellphone video: Five key moments
Editor’s Note: Very important video. The Post seem to have made this widely available to all. I hope no paywalls. Read and view online. –DrWeb
The ICE agent’s cellphone video: Five key moments
New footage sheds light on fatal shooting of Renee Good in Minneapolis.
Today at 9:19 p.m. EST
By Jonathan Baran, Aaron C. Davis and Jarrett Ley 3 min
Cellphone video recorded by an Immigration and Customs Enforcement agent as he fatally shot a woman in Minneapolis surfaced online Friday, revealing new details about the hotly disputed incident from a perspective rarely seen.
The 47-second recording, published by the Minnesota website Alpha News, shows for the first time that Renee Nicole Good spoke to the ICE agent, Jonathan Ross, before he shot her. It reveals that, a split second before the gunfire, Good’s wife urged her to drive away from the scene.
It does not show whether Good’s SUV came into contact with Ross, as the Trump administration contends. Vice President JD Vance said Friday that the video exonerated Ross. “The reality is that his life was endangered and he fired in self defense,” Vance wrote on X.
The Washington Post previously reported that Good’s SUV did move toward Ross as he stood in front of it, according to a frame-by-frame analysis of different video footage. But Ross was able to move out of the way and fire at least two of three shots from the side of the vehicle as it veered past him, according to The Post’s analysis.
Neither Ross nor a spokesperson for the Department of Homeland Security returned messages seeking comment. Good’s wife also declined to comment.
1. Good speaks to Ross
(Video: Obtained by Alpha News)
On Wednesday morning, less than a minute before the gunfire, Ross walks around Good’s vehicle.
👁️
Follow Visual stories
As he passes the driver’s side door, she speaks to him through her open window. “That’s fine dude, I’m not mad at you,” Good, 37, says.
It’s not clear what elicited her comment. In the footage, Ross does not speak before the shooting.
2. Good’s wife confronts Ross
(Video: Obtained by Alpha News)
Good’s wife, Rebecca Good, confronts Ross as he walks behind the SUV.
“We don’t change our plates every morning,” she says, an apparent reference to criticism that ICE agents have swapped license plates on agency vehicles amid immigration sweeps. “Want to come at us? I say go get yourself some lunch, big boy,” she says.
Continue/Read Original Article: https://www.washingtonpost.com/investigations/2026/01/09/moments-before-ice-shooting-minneapolis/
#AlphaNews #CellphoneVideo #HomelandSecurity #Investigations #January92026 #JonathanRoss #Minneapolis #MinneapolisShooting #RebeccaGood #ReneeNicoleGood #Ross #TheWashingtonPost #Video -
The ICE agent’s cellphone video: Five key moments
Editor’s Note: Very important video. The Post seem to have made this widely available to all. I hope no paywalls. Read and view online. –DrWeb
The ICE agent’s cellphone video: Five key moments
New footage sheds light on fatal shooting of Renee Good in Minneapolis.
Today at 9:19 p.m. EST
By Jonathan Baran, Aaron C. Davis and Jarrett Ley 3 min
Cellphone video recorded by an Immigration and Customs Enforcement agent as he fatally shot a woman in Minneapolis surfaced online Friday, revealing new details about the hotly disputed incident from a perspective rarely seen.
The 47-second recording, published by the Minnesota website Alpha News, shows for the first time that Renee Nicole Good spoke to the ICE agent, Jonathan Ross, before he shot her. It reveals that, a split second before the gunfire, Good’s wife urged her to drive away from the scene.
It does not show whether Good’s SUV came into contact with Ross, as the Trump administration contends. Vice President JD Vance said Friday that the video exonerated Ross. “The reality is that his life was endangered and he fired in self defense,” Vance wrote on X.
The Washington Post previously reported that Good’s SUV did move toward Ross as he stood in front of it, according to a frame-by-frame analysis of different video footage. But Ross was able to move out of the way and fire at least two of three shots from the side of the vehicle as it veered past him, according to The Post’s analysis.
Neither Ross nor a spokesperson for the Department of Homeland Security returned messages seeking comment. Good’s wife also declined to comment.
1. Good speaks to Ross
(Video: Obtained by Alpha News)
On Wednesday morning, less than a minute before the gunfire, Ross walks around Good’s vehicle.
👁️
Follow Visual stories
As he passes the driver’s side door, she speaks to him through her open window. “That’s fine dude, I’m not mad at you,” Good, 37, says.
It’s not clear what elicited her comment. In the footage, Ross does not speak before the shooting.
2. Good’s wife confronts Ross
(Video: Obtained by Alpha News)
Good’s wife, Rebecca Good, confronts Ross as he walks behind the SUV.
“We don’t change our plates every morning,” she says, an apparent reference to criticism that ICE agents have swapped license plates on agency vehicles amid immigration sweeps. “Want to come at us? I say go get yourself some lunch, big boy,” she says.
Continue/Read Original Article: https://www.washingtonpost.com/investigations/2026/01/09/moments-before-ice-shooting-minneapolis/
#AlphaNews #CellphoneVideo #HomelandSecurity #Investigations #January92026 #JonathanRoss #Minneapolis #MinneapolisShooting #RebeccaGood #ReneeNicoleGood #Ross #TheWashingtonPost #Video -
#Google found #Liable ( aka #Guilty for corporations) in online #advertising market monopolization case brought during #Biden term. This is the third recent loss in series of long running #litigation attacks on $GOOG market dominance brought by army of lawyers from #USDOJ ...
Detailed opinion left by Judge Loenie Brinkema outlines not only corporate malfeasance but even legal improprieties used by #Alphabet and it's highly paid #defense team, including several partners of firms known for ties to top #DemocratParty operatives.
https://open.substack.com/pub/mattstoller/p/google-found-guilty-of-monopolization #GoogleMonopoly
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Jimmy’s: the thread about the school on St Leonard’s Crag
Preamble. The schools of the “School Board” era of public education (those built 1872-1918) hold a particular fascination for me, one most profound where they have been “deconsecrated” and are either no longer in use as schools or have disappeared entirely. This thread began as a couple of lines for my own notes about the “Lost Board Schools of Edinburgh” but soon snowballed into an alphabetical deep-dive into each.
Part nine of the “Lost Board Schools of Edinburgh” series takes us to St Leonard’s Crag, the rather romantic sounding name for a quarried-out promontory where the western boundary of Holyrood Park meets the old district of St Leonard’s (a name harking back to a so-named 12th century chapel and hospital). Perched atop it is these days is a handsome old building, now converted to flats, whose striking feature is a grand corner tower in the style of a French château. For those with a keen eye, the letters ESB carved on its façade give the game away that this was once a school, the last that would be designed and built by the Edinburgh School Board and one that was strikingly different from what had come before it. This is the former James Clark School– universally known locally as Jimmy’s – the feature of chapter nine of the “Lost Board Schools of Edinburgh” series.
The former James Clark School, southern elevation.The Edinburgh School Board was formed as a result of the Education (Scotland) Act 1872 which made education compulsory (but not then free) between the ages of five and thirteen. It was largely constituted from the various parish schools of the main Presbyterian churches; the Kirk and the Free Kirk between them educating around 40% of pupils in the city at this time. In the first three decades of its existence it embarked upon a mass-building programme to furnish the city with enough purpose-built new “public schools” to house and teach the children of its burgeoning population. In the Southside, no fewer than seven were opened; Bristo (1877); Causewayside (1877); St Leonard’s (1880); South Bridge (1886); Davie Street (1887); Sciennes (1892) and Preston Street (1897).
Former South Bridge Public School, a typical early “barracks block” product of the Edinburgh School Board in its favoured Collegiate Gothic style, by its house architect Robert WilsonThese had replaced the hodge-podge of inadequate and antiquated facilities that the Board had inherited but were only just able to meet the demand as the school-age population continued to rise. This was the result of a number of factors including the abolition of fees in 1890, more stringent efforts to ensure attendance, making it harder to employ school-age children in the daytime workplace and the raising of the minimum leaving age to fourteen by the Education (Scotland) Act 1901. By 1911 school capacity in the Southside had been well and truly exceeded; Sciennes had fifteen classes over-capacity, South Bridge eleven, St Leonard’s three and Bristo two. The Board thus felt it had no option but to built yet another new facility in the district, but the area was by now heavily developed and prospective sites were hard to come by. Eventually the relatively small and topographically complex one acre plot of the Gibraltar Villas at St. Leonard’s Bank was acquired, as well as an adjoining house to be converted for the school janitor.
Comparison of 1893 and 1944 OS Town Plans showing the St Leonard’s district. Gibraltar Villas are on the bottom right, where the James Clark School will later be built. St Leonard’s Public School is the cruciform building in the bottom middle, on Forbes Street, later an annexe to “Jimmy’s”. To its left is Free St Paul’s where the old district school was held in the Sabbath School Hall – later a temporary annexe – and at the top left is Davie Street School also later an annexe of technical workshops. Reproduced with the permission of the National Library of ScotlandPlans were approved on March 25th 1913 to the designs of the Board’s long-serving architect, John Alexander Carfrae. But architectural thinking had moved on significantly with respect to school design since the looming “barracks” blocks of previous decades and Carfrae was rapidly adapting his style at this time in response. What he proposed was a two-storey, F-plan building with a capacity for 850 children in seventeen classrooms. It would be one which embodied the latest theories about maximising natural lighting and ventilation and an evolution of his preceding work at Tollcross School. Gone were the tall, mechanically-ventilated rooms lit by high-set windows on only one side in a sinister attempt to stamp out left-handedness. Instead, in came classrooms arranged “one deep” (i.e. with external walls on opposite sides of the room), naturally lit with as many windows as possible on both sides and naturally cross-ventilated by opening these windows. Gone too were the warren of internal corridors, rooms accessed off of rooms and monumental “parade” staircases and in came open verandahs, each classroom being directly accessed from its own door to the outside, protected from the worst of the elements by glazed canopies. The windows on the verandah side could be folded open so that classes could be “taught practically in the open air“.
Former James Clark School, from the upper playgrounds. Note there are windows on the rear (north) side of the closest classrooms, largely to provide natural cross-ventilation across from front to rear. The well considered arrangement of the buildings and use of topography means the two-storey range closest to the viewpoint casts relatively little shadow into the playground behind it. The squat, single-storey block contained toilets. The east range to the left of the photo has a first floor verandah giving access directly to each classroom from the open air. Picture via Ativa Property listingPrevious practice had been to simply plonk the school block directly alongside the street in a central and symmetrical manner that looked pleased on the drawings but which made for dark, oppressive and stale playgrounds and classrooms badly affected by road noise. Instead, the new school was pushed north by some seventy feet from the boundary to give an open, south-facing playground which maximised sunlight and circulation of air. A second, inner playground made use of the plot’s topography to also get the best of the daylight and drouth. Again following the lead of Tollcross, the styling was restrained; a mix of plain, rustic masonry and smooth ashlar at the ground floor giving way to glass and facing brick for the upper storey. One exception to this visual austerity was made though with advantage taken “of its commanding position to give it some bolder features rather than to employ elaborate architectural detail” – that enormous tower in the southeaster corner, which elegantly morphed from a square section to a conical spire and contained the headmaster’s office and a staffroom in its upper levels. The end product would be visually unique in the landscape of Edinburgh schools.
Former James Clark School, southern elevation showing the corner tower and Salisbury Crag’s beyond. Picture via Ativa Property listingThe new school was to be christened King’s Park School in acknowledgement of the formal name of Holyrood Park over which it had a commanding view and tenders were solicited in March 1913, with a total cost of £18,000 approved. However its shared boundary with that park caused “friction” in July that year when the Ministry of Works – the park’s custodians – demanded an annual 2 Guineas ground rent for a boundary wall which was be demolished and encroached upon by some eighteen inches.
The Scotsman, 15th March 1913A tender for furniture was invited on 24th October 1914 but by this time World War Once had commenced and opening would never come. Instead the nearly completed but empty building (the north range of the F-plan was not yet built) was requisitioned by the War Office for the billeting of troops. Here stalled and ended the brief story of King’s Park School: but it was not the end, indeed it was really only the beginning.
A monogrammed desk from the James Clark School that formerly stood outside the headmaster’s office, now located in the Southside Heritage Association’s museum in the Nelson Halls.When the school board took back possession of its building in 1918 it found itself now faced with a declining need for elementary-grade schools and an increasing need for supplementary grade capacity (i.e. for ages twelve to fourteen and potentially beyond). This was to provide the specialist training needed by the city’s industries for children destined to enter their workforces in a few years time. At this time these children were taught in their normal elementary schools in what were called the Supplementary Divisions; in 1905 the School Board had 3,494 such pupils on its books but by 1912 this had tripled to 10,391, but with an estimated deficit of 6,000 spaces. 1909 they had considered building three new Supplementary Schools to centralise this teaching in purpose-built facilities equipped with the necessary technical workshops and classrooms. Ground was aquired to the west at Tynecastle – where a Technical and Commercial School would be opened in 1911 – and at Bellevue to the north for this purpose. The third such school was to serve the Southside but had been delayed owing to the outbreak of the war. Finding a brand new, empty school in its hands and a declining elementary roll in the district, the solution presented itself.
It was decided to rename the new institution in honour of Lt. Col James Clark KC CB, late Chairman of the Edinburgh School Board and who had been killed in action at the Second Battle of Ypres. Fifty-six year old Clark – a long-serving Territorial Army officer – had volunteered to command the 9th (Dumbartonshire) Argyll & Sutherland Highlanders and was hit by a shell on the morning of May 1915 when leading his battalion forward near Zouave Wood to relieve the 2nd Cameron Highlanders. During this battle the unit was reduced in strength by three quarters, with just two officers and eighty five men surviving. Clark’s deputy, Major George J. Christie, would receive the Distinguished Service Order (DSO) medal for his part in the brutal fighting.
“A-Company of the 9th Argylls Advancing Under Heavy Fire to Reinforce the 2nd Camerons During the Second Battle of Ypres“, lithograph of a painting by Allan Stewart published in the picture book “Deeds that Thrill the Empire“. The officer leading the charge in this scene, Major George J. Christie, would receive the DSO for his part in this action which would claim the life of his superior, Lt. Col. James ClarkThe James Clark Technical School accepted its first 730 pupils in September 1918 and was formally opened on 21st March 1919 by the Right Hon. Robert Munro, Secretary of State for Scotland. Norah Kathleen Clark, widow of the late Colonel, was present on the occasion. It was the second such school of this type in Edinburgh and was the last to be built and opened by the Edinburgh School Board. The Education (Scotland) Act 1918 which came into force a few months later replaced it with a new Edinburgh Education Authority. To align with the language used by this act, the school was re-designated James Clark Intermediate, although both names would be used interchangeably throughout 1920s.
Memorial to James Clark within the school. Detail of the inscription can be read in the Alt Text.Clark was widely mourned and commemorated, leading memorials in the Faculty of Advocates in Edinburgh (of which he was a member); the Edinburgh Naval and Military Institute where he had been founding chairman (since removed to the Scottish Veterans Residences in the Canongate); on the battalion memorial at Dumbarton Castle and at his alma mater of Paisley Grammar School. His widow would later commission a vast, nine-light stained glass window in his memory from the artist Douglas Strachan for the eastern end for Paisley Abbey.
Part of the east window of Paisley Abbey dedicated to James Clark. Photo by Brian Madwsley, via IWM War Memorials RegisterThe press deemed the new school to be a “fitting memorial of Colonel Clark’s educational work“, but not everyone was happy. One local parent wrote to the Edinburgh Evening News to express their displeasure at it not being an elementary school:
It is not sufficient for Board members to sit in a board-room and come to decisions when the welfare of the children is at stake. Let them visit the district and get some practical experience of the conditions under which these children are suffering… Let the Board take up the question of technical education after they have dealt with the present conditions, and not start half way up the ladder.
Letter to the Editor of the Edinburgh Evening News from “A Parent in the District”, 16th May 1918As an Intermediate School, Jimmy’s offered two-to-three year courses for children which were a combination of general education and either a Technical or Commercial stream aimed at preparing them for the workplace. But having been built as an elementary school it was lacking in certain facilities. In 1918 the nearby Davie Street Public School was closed to become an annexe for it, first providing additional teaching space while rooms for art, home economics and science were added to the main building in a new north wing. After this work was completed in 1924 it was converted into specialist workshops for teaching the trades of brassfinishing, tinsmithing, upholstery, plumbing, tailoring and printing (to boys only, of course!)
Davie Street School, built by the Heriot Trust in 1875 in their house style and later taken over and extended by the Edinburgh School Board as a public schoolAfter 1927 depopulation in the Southside accelerated as a result of the city Corporation’s slum clearance schemes. This displaced much of the population to new housing estates to the south at Prestonfield and further east at Niddrie Mains. Families with children were relocated as a priority and so school rolls sharply declined, reaching a rate of 10% per annum at the dawn of the 1930s and resulting in some 1,200 vacant elementary school places in the district. When a brand new school at Prestonfield opened in 1931 to serve that estate the St Leonard’s Public School, just over the street from James Clark, was closed and the Education Committee approved its conversion into a second annexe for the latter.
James Clark School uniform in 1933, worn by Esther Reid of Parkside Street. Her hat sports a black and gold band – the school colours – and badge, and her gauntlet gloves have a golden band around the cuff. Copy of a photograph in the Southside Heritage Association’s museum in the Nelson Halls.St Leonard’s already had workshops for supplementary classes in tinsmithing, metal working, tailoring, upholstery and masonry (for boys) and cookery, sewing and “cutting out” (for girls). Nine of its classrooms were refurbished and two new art rooms were added alongside new workshops for benchwork, a laundry, sewing and cookery rooms and a new gymnasium with changing rooms and showers. These changes allowed the conversion of such rooms in the main school into science laboratories. Work was completed for the start of the 1932-33 term after the summer holidays. An additional benefit for boys was that they could now undertake their physical education classes in the anew annexe; the smaller gymnasium in the main school had been hitherto reserved for girls and boys had instead been marched to and from a nearby drill hall for their “physical jerks“.
St Leonard’s Public School in 1959. Adam H. Malcolm photograph, Edinburgh and Scottish Collection of Edinburgh City Libraries.The depopulation of the Southside didn’t have much immediate effect on the roll at Jimmy’s as it remained the only such school in the south and east of the city; all those children who had been displaced to the new housing areas had to come right back for their secondary education! Former pupil and Rangers footballing legend John Greig – a pupil in the mid-1950s – recalls in his autobiography “My Story”, how his footballing fitness was established by the daily two mile run from his home in the Prestonfield housing scheme to school, returning each way at lunch time and then the two miles home again at the end of the day. This situation would continue until 1938 when Niddrie Marischal Intermediate School opened to serve the Niddrie and Craigmillar housing areas. A third annexe was added to that year when workshops in the former Brown Square School, by then part of Heriot-Watt College, became available to train boys serving apprenticeships in the bookbinding trade on “day release” from the school. Use of this building had ceased by 1964 when it was converted into the students’ association for Heriot-Watt College.
Former Brown Square school in 1913. This was one of the Heriot Trust day schools that were merged into the School Board after 1872, immediately identifiable by all the Jacobean decorations modelled off of Heriot’s Hospital itself. Edinburgh Photographic Society collection, via National Galleries Scotland.For the boys of James Clark, the facilities of its annexes meant the school developed particularly close links with the printing trade – an especially prestigious blue collar career in the city – and successful completion of the courses could lead to bursaries for the print qualifications at Heriot Watt College. These opportunities of course remained strictly off limits to girls, who were limited to clerical classes or for training in the domestic arts of cookery, dressmaking and laundrywork. A house at 17 St Leonard’s Bank had been purchased for the school and was used to teach “housewifery“, its upstairs flat accommodating one of the school’s janitors.
A girl’s class of ’34 infront of an entrance to James Clark School.In 1940 the school was re-designated James Clark Junior Secondary, a Scotland-wide change to mark the shift to a broader curriculum at this level and in preparation for the school leaving age being raised to 15. At this time its roll was 861. Between 1942-48 and again between 1954-58, overspill accommodation was provided in the old Sunday School of the former St. Paul’s Free Church on St Leonards Street, where the first school in the district had been established way back in 1851. This was partly to provide a dining room, with many fathers absent and mothers out working during the day there was a huge wartime demand for school dinners. These were brought in from a central kitchen established nearby at the former Causewayside Public School and were of dubious quality. After the war the new National Health Service took responsibility for juvenile dental care off of the city and James Clark was one of a number of schools given a dental inspection and treatment room with a full-time staff.
On April 1st 1947, the minimum school leaving age in Scotland was raised from 14 to 15, significantly increasing the number of children in secondary education and helping keep the roll at Jimmy’s healthy. There was also a bump in the city’s urban population at this time due to an acute post-war housing crisis, again benefiting the school. On January 15th 1949 a memorial was dedicated in the school to the 121 former pupils and one member of staff (Sergeant Eric Webster RAFVR, who was killed on July 28th 1942 when his aircraft collided with another near Cambridge).
James Clark School WW2 memorial panel for former pupils who lost their lives in the conflict. Originally installed in the school, it was later relocated to the Southside Community Centre, although currently is not on display and awaiting restoration. Copy of a photograph in the Southside Heritage Association’s museum in the Nelson Halls.A further memorial was unveiled at the nearby Deaconess Hospital in 1956. This was provided by the School’s memorial fund to mark the service that the hospital provided to the community and of the £750 that had been raised the substantial remainder paid for comforts for the patients such as TV and radio sets, which could not be met from its own budget.
Photograph of the plaque, now in the care of the Lothian Health Services Archive, a copy in the Edinburgh and Scottish Collection, Edinburgh City Libraries.When the prevailing dire national economic conditions eased enough for new housing estates to start appearing in the south of the city in the early 1950s, again there was a lag in provision of secondary schooling to the benefit of the roll at James Clark; a temporary school was provided at The Inch in 1953 but permanent schools at Liberton and Gracemount had to wait until 1958. The Education Committee anticipated the roll increasing to over 1,000 by the end of the decade and so authorised a £36,000 extension in 1957 to provide four science classrooms, a new assembly hall, library as well as improvements to the existing facilities. This allowed the ancient overspill accommodation at the old St. Paul’s Free Kirk to be finally vacated. The new block conferred an additional benefit in that it bridged the height difference between the main school and the St Leonard’s annexe, significantly shortening the distance between the two.
The steel frame of the 1957 extension takes shape, seen between the annexe of the old St Leonard’s Public School on the left and the tenements of St Leonard’s Hill on the right. Photograph by Adam H. Malcolm c. 1957, G944A Edinburgh and Scottish Collection of Edinburgh City LibrariesAny optimism for the school’s future in the late 1950s had been severely misplaced however. Despite the forthcoming raising of the leaving age to sixteen (then planned for 1970), the scandalous condition of housing in much of the district – culminating in the infamous collapse of the “Penny Tenement” in 1959 – saw rapid and drastic action taken by the authorities. The Corporation designated whole swathes of the neighbourhood a Comprehensive Development Area, condemning the housing stock and acquiring it through compulsory purchase (CPO) before their wrecking ball moved in. Much of St Leonard’s and almost all of Dumbiedykes would be completely obliterated in short order and by 1964 some 1,500 houses had already been demolished in the area. The population inevitably collapsed, displaced to the outlying housing schemes and new tower blocks, and those left behind were generally the elderly or young people without children. School rolls thus fell disproportionately faster; by 1963 the roll at Jimmy’s was just 500 – half of what had been predicted – and by the end of the decade would be barely 300.
Evening News photo of the Carnegie Street CPO area, cleared after the collapse of the Penny Tenement, published 5th October 1961. The abandoned remains of Dalrymple Place can be seen on the left, running off towards the Deaconess Hospital.It would have been hard enough for the school to survive this seismic demographic force in isolation, but it also faced three further existential threats. Firstly, after 1966 the specialist technical education for printing and allied trades was removed from the school’s curriculum and onto those of the new Telford and Napier further education colleges. The entire Davie Street building was transferred to those institutions and quickly run-down and relocated. Secondly, the raising of the leaving age to sixteen was delayed and coincided with a move from the two tier system of Junior Secondary and selective, fee-charging High Schools to a fully comprehensive and co-educational system. The Education Committee took this juncture as an opportunity to “rid” itself of as many of its old Junior Secondaries as possible; most of which were housed in converted old elementary schools with a variety of extensions and annexes tacked on over time. Jimmy’s generally positive reputation compared to some of its peers could not protect it from this desire.
James Clark School scarf, blazer badge and prefect’s pin. Objects in the Southside Heritage Association’s museum in the Nelson Halls.Thirdly, the city had a long and deeply held aspiration to run an urban motorway – the Bridges Relief Road – directly through the neighbourhood and the school itself. As such it had been land-banking for this scheme in the district and was keen to clear any remaining occupied blocks as quickly as it could. James Clark Secondary School could not, and did not, survive these combined pressures and it closed at the end of the 1971-72 term, its remaining pupils relocated to a reconstituted James Gillespie’s High School.
Diagram of some of the central urban motorways recommended for Edinburgh in the “Buchanan Plan” in 1966 and further finessed in the 1970s. The Bridges Relief Road is marked in red on the right, running straight through the site of James Clark School.Thus ended the fifty-five year history of Jimmy’s. The headmaster at opening was Robert Dickson. He was replaced in 1927 by James Flett, who died just 6 months later. In turn afterwards came Michael Oldham (1927-37), Thomas Scott (1938-53); James M. L. Drummond (1953-56); Ronald. S. Gray (1956-67) and Ronald Paul (1967-closure). The noted rubber stamp artist, calligrapher and instructional author George Lawrie Thomson (1916-2001), was a Jimmy’s pupil from 1929-32. In his 1988 autobiography My Life as a Scribe he recalled scoring 92% in the Qualifying Exam (“Qually“) at age 11 thus winning entry to Boroughmuir High School, but his class friend got 94% thus won the only scholarship on offer. Unable to afford the fees at Boroughmuir, he instead went to James Clark where like most of his peers he left after three years to join the prevailing mass unemployment of the time. By sheer talent (and motherly determination) he fortunately able to win a scholarship to Edinburgh College of Art.
Cover of The Art of Caligraphy bv George L. Thomson, one of many beautiful covers he produced for his own books.Another notable former pupil was John Gollan (1911-72), general secretary of the Communist Party of Great Britain, who was at the school until leaving in 1924 before his fourteenth birthday. In 1931 he made the local headlines when he received six months imprisonment for handing out socialist pamphlets (“The Soldier’s Voice” and “The Organ of Communist Soldiers“) outside Redford Barracks.
John Gollan addressing an anti-Vietnam War demonstration in Trafalgar Square, London, July 1966.Although there was the threat of the Bridges Relief Road hanging over it the unoccupied school was Category B listed in 1974, conferring some protection from immediate demolition. Thoughts given to relocating the Museum of Childhood to it, but instead it was brought back into educational use, briefly providing “decant” accommodation for pupils destined for the new comprehensive Castlebrae High School before becoming a junior annexe for St Thomas of Aquin’s R.C. High School. £100,000 was spent on refurbishments in 1977 but by 1983 the latter school was due to move out again at the end of the term. A potential lifeline came in the form of 1982 plans to close the remaining district primary schools at Milton House, Preston Street and South Bridge and to merge them into a new school in James Clark. These plans were vigorously resisted and instead Preston Street stayed as it was, with South Bridge closed in 1983 and merged into Milton House, which in turn was renamed Royal Mile Primary to mark the occasion. After this the sole remaining occupant was the South Side Youth Centre who used parts of the 1957 extension. The former St Leonard’s Public School annexe and (listed) St Paul’s Free Kirk were demolished the following year.
In 1985 Lothian Regional Council sold Jimmy’s to developer Jemscot Ltd for £270,000 (c. £847k in 2025) for conversion into flats. The transaction was anything but smooth however; £40,000 of the initial agreed deal of £310,000 had to be waived on account of the council allowing the building to be heavily vandalised, including all the lead stripped from the roof, while still under its control.
The abandoned James Clark School in 1986, still from a video image which showing the For Sale sign and internal vandalism. © South Side Youth Centre via Southside Heritage Group YoutubeTo make matters worse, early in 1986 the Historic Buildings and Monuments Directorate of the Scottish Office stepped in with a demand for £19,995 from the Council, having discovered a clause in the Royal Warrant granted in 1913 that allowed the school to encroach on the Holyrood Park boundary which meant that should the building cease to be used for its educational purpose then the original boundary and wall was to be be reinstated. This would require the demolition of the entire eastern range and so the Directorate’s financial demand had been arrived at in lieu of this. The Council’s outraged Finance Chairman, Councillor James Gilchrist, made a counter-offer of £5 from his own wallet! A direct appeal was also made to the Secretary of State, Malcolm Rifkind MP, but went unanswered. The authority found it had no legal option other than to pay the money that had otherwise been earmarked for its education budget.
View of the entrance to some of the flats from the 1st-floor southern walkway which once gave “fresh air” access to classrooms. Estate Agents photo from Deans PropertiesThe development now went ahead and was designated as a new street called St Leonard’s Crag. An initial attempt to make the marketing name of Salisbury Court stick quickly fell by the wayside. In October 1986 the 1957 extension was vacated when the Southside Youth Centre left for the new Southside Community Centre in the former Nicolson Street Church. The developer then took the building in hand for conversion into flats, resulting in a curious-looking block with third and fourth-floor balconies which try hard to reference the arched window of the old school tower but largely fail to fit in with the older building in any way.
The 1957 extension as converted to flats, being entirely re-faced in blockwork and with a metal-clad upper storey and balconies added.The first flats in the development were advertised for sale in late 1986 for between £23k and 55k (69k to £165k in January 2026 by straight consumer price inflation alone), but now selling for £200k, £300k or even more in the current Edinburgh property market. It is all a far cry from the smashed up, semi-ruinous state the building found itself in forty years ago.
You certainly get a lot of view for your money.
View from one of the flats in the former James Clark School, looking west towards the Salisbury Crags.The previous chapter of this series looked at St Leonard’s Public School. The next chapter examines Lothian Road Public School.
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Remarkably Unremarkable: the thread about St Leonard’s Public School
Preamble. The schools of the “School Board” era of public education (those built 1872-1918) hold a particular fascination for me, one most profound where they have been “deconsecrated” and are either no longer in use as schools or have disappeared entirely. This thread began as a couple of lines for my own notes about the “Lost Board Schools of Edinburgh” but soon snowballed into an alphabetical deep-dive into each.
It’s been a few months now since we last looked at one of the “Lost Board Schools of Edinburgh”. Chapter eight of this series takes us to St Leonard’s Public School, of which you can now find no trace where it once stood, and precious little in books or online resources either. Even Forbes Street, where it once stood, is unrecognisably different these days and similar in name only.
Parish schooling in the St Leonard’s district began in 1851 in the Sabbath School behind Free St. Paul’s Church on St. Leonard’s Street. This small building – confusingly referred to locally as St Leonard’s School – served the neighbourhood under control of the Free Kirk for twenty or so years until the passage of the Education Act (Scotland) 1872. This made education between the ages of five and thirteen compulsory in Scotland and formed new area School Boards to take over the existing provision of the various Presbyterian churches, which in Edinburgh accounted for over 40% of public schooling.
Free St. Paul’s in 1959, seventeen years after deconsecration and a year after it was sold by the Corporation out of use by James Clark Secondary. The date stone, 1836, pre-dates The Disruption which formed the Free Church. Adam H. Malcolm photograph, Edinburgh and Scottish Collection of Edinburgh City Libraries.The new Edinburgh School Board thus inherited this (and many other) small, ex-church school. But with bigger priorities in other parts of the city at first it was content to just let things run as they had before. The principal change a was the introduction by the Board of “evening classes for workmen, apprentices and others“, where Mr George Robertson taught reading, dictation, writing, arithmetic, grammar, geography and history from 8PM to 10PM, four nights a week at a rate of four Shillings a term. Matters changed after 1878 when the Scotch Education Department withdrew its £500-a-year grant on account of its lack of proper facilities, “awkward rooms and indifferent light” and poor ventilation (the Department was obsessed about ventilation in those days).
The Board had already resolved to build a purpose-built school for the district and now progressed this as a matter of urgency; as an interim measure new double desks were ordered to cram in additional bums-on-seats in the old building. A small, narrow site – barely over half an acre – and just to the east of the existing building was acquired between Forbes Street and St Leonard’s Lane. The Board’s house architect, Robert Wilson, prepared plans for an elongated, three-storey building with a projecting central gable block. Like other contemporary large, tall schools in the city that were squeezed into awkward blocks surrounded by tall tenements, it suffered by design from poor natural lighting and ventilation, dark and dingy playgrounds and obtrusive noise from the parallel roads. But the Board’s number one priority was building school capacity and these such considerations were further down on their list of requirements.
Comparison of the 1849 and 1893 OS Town Plans of Edinburgh, showing before and after Forbes Street was laid out and St Leonard’s Public School built on it. St Paul’s Free Kirk and the school behind it, which served as the parish school, are on St Leonard’s Street. James Clark School would later be built on the site occupied by Gibraltar Villas. Move the slider to compare. Reproduced with the permission of the National Library of ScotlandThe formal opening ceremony of the new St Leonard’s Public School took place on Friday 16th January 1880, presided over by the Rev. Dr Adamson and members of the School Board. It was the tenth new school to be completed by the board since its formation in 1873 and was “the largest, cheapest and in every sense, the most commodious“. It had cost £10,000 (including the janitor’s house and boundary walls) and could hold 1,100 pupils at the regulation 8 square feet per child. The roll at the time of opening was 956 of whom 820 attended on average on any given day. At this time it was now felt that together with Bristo and Causewayside Public Schools – both opened three years prior – that “the educational requirements on the south-east part of the city had been fully met”.
Former St. Paul’s Free Church in 1983, prior to demolition, and St. Leonard’s Public School on the right. Via Trove.Scot SC 1508948Not everyone was happy with the Board’s newest creation. In 1889, when it was considering plans for the new Sciennes Public School, the Dean of Guild Court – the equivalent then of a municipal planning approval committee – retrospectively criticised the architectural appearance of St. Leonard’s. It further implied that the School Board “were not considering the health of the children“. In 1927 Robert Sterling Craig SSC, an outspoken independent member of the Edinburgh Education Authority (successor to the School Board) derided the school, its lower floors were “practically cellars, as the sun never enters them from one year’s end to another“.
Aerial photo of the St. Leonard’s district, early 1970s, showing St Leonard’s Public School towards the middle left, below the James Clark School which is the prominent building with the tower in the upper middle of the picture. This shows to good effect just how penned in the building was, orientated in the wrong direction to get the best of the natural daylight. Via Trove.Scot DP 622460In 1889 an extension was approved to add six further classrooms, to meet demand until Sciennes could be built. In 1901 estimates were sought for the addition of a cookery room, workshop and gymnasium for the school. Headmaster George Yule, of Blacket Avenue, died in January 1906 after a period of illness. Described as a man of “a genial and kindly disposition, highly esteemed and respected by his colleagues, and as a teacher had an excellent record” he had been in charge of the school since 1888. He was replaced by a former assistant, James Clark, who was then head at Causewayside Public School. Clark retired in 1921 having spent 39 of his 41 years in teaching at the school.
St. Leonard’s Public School, a class in 1921. The boy on the extreme left in the front row, with the striped tie, is Andrew Archibald, who wrote memories of the area for the Edinburgh Evening News.In 1913 workshops were added for “instruction of tinsmiths, metal workers, tailors, upholsterers and masons“. These were “Supplementary” courses (i.e. specialist trades education beyond the age of 11) only open to boys; Girls could go to Causewayside Public School but were restricted to taking domestic courses. In 1924, newspaper adverts record that St Leonard’s was offering evening “cutting-out classes for women”, i.e. translating patterns for clothing onto fabric for sewing into garments. The school otherwise seems to have led a life most remarkable for how unremarkable it was.
St Leonard’s Public School in 1959, by which time it was the annexe for James Clark School. Photo taken from the south end of Forbes Street where it meets St Leonard’s Lane, showing just how penned in the building was on all sides by tenements. Adam H. Malcolm photograph, Edinburgh and Scottish Collection of Edinburgh City Libraries.Things continued in this fashion until 1927 when the Corporation began clearing the worst of the old and overcrowded slums in the district in earnest. There was some rebuilding in the area with new council house tenements at Richmond Place, the Pleasance, East Crosscauseway, Gifford Park and St. Leonards Street, but this was at a much lower density than what it replaced and thus much of the displaced population were rehoused a mile south in the Prestonfield Housing Scheme or much further east to Niddrie Mains. Families with children were moved out as a priority and as a result school rolls in the area began to decline sharply; it was reported to be at a rate of 10% annual decline.
Photograph taken in advance of the St Leonard’s Improvement Scheme in 1927 by A. H. Rushbrook. It shows the rear of 33 East Crosscauseway which was condemned for demolition. Edinburgh and Scottish Collection, Edinburgh City Libraries.Davie Street School had already closed in 1918 to become an annexe of the James Clark School and the half-empty Causewayside Public School followed in 1924 to relocate St. Columba’s Roman Catholic School there. This reduction in capacity could not keep up with the falling demand and so St Leonard’s shut for the last time at the end of the summer term in 1931, its fiftieth year. With a brand new “Sunshine School” at Prestonfield opening after the holidays, the vast majority of its remaining pupils were set to dissapear. Those children who did not relocate were transferred to Preston Street. Bristo Public School, described by Corporation as “one of the worst” of its schools, was not far behind and shut in 1934.
The inner courtyard of the new Prestonfield School in 1932, a “Sunshine School” that prioritised maximum amounts of natural daylight and ventilation. Note the all-round verandah and the folding glass doors to allow light and fresh air into every classroom. The dormer windows provided additional natural lighting into the classrooms from above. Its low-slung design on a large plot, arranged around a pleasant central courtyard, was the antithesis of the St Leonard’s Public School that it replaced.With a large, empty building on its hands, in November 1931 the Education Committee approved a recommendation to convert the it into an annexe for the neighbouring James Clark Intermediate School (no relation to headmaster James Clark of St Leonard’s). This involved refurbishing nine classrooms, providing two new art rooms, teaching spaces for benchwork, sewing, laundry and cookery, adding a new gymnasium with changing rooms and showers and a medical room. A completely new heating system and boiler house was added and new electric lighting installed throughout. These changes allowed the benchwork and art classrooms in the main “Jimmy’s” building to be converted into science laboratories. Tenders were sought for this work in April 1932 and the building was ready for the next stage of its life and the start of the 1932-33 term.
Scotsman, 23rd November 1931With a new function, once again the building on Forbes Street settled down to a remarkably unremarkable life, quietly getting on with things and following the waxing and waning fortunes of its parent school. In something of a coincidence, Free St. Paul’s would return to educational use when it was temporarily used by James Clark as a further annexe and dining hall between 1942-48 and again between 1954-58. After exactly fifty years as an Elementary school, it would serve exactly forty years in Intermediate (later rebranded Junior Secondary) service. It closed along with Jimmy’s in 1972 due to the forces of a hugely declining school roll and the move from two-tier to comprehensive schooling that saw the Corporation rid itself of most of its non-purpose built old Junior Secondaries.
Drainage plan for St Leonards School in 1932 when it was converted to an annexe for the James Clark School. Notice that the toilet block is in the playground, top left, the workshop block on the left and the new boiler block below the word “School” of “St Leonard’s School”. City of Edinburgh Council DG46-171Around the time of the closure of the James Clark School, six separate compulsory purchase orders issued in 1969 and 1971 would clear most of the rest of the old housing and industries in the Forbes Street, St Leonard’s Street and St Leonard’s Hill area for redevelopment. This left the former school isolated in a block of wasteground, even though it and Jimmy’s would continue to be used as a school until 1983, serving as a junior annexe to St Thomas of Aquin’s (Tam’s) R.C. High School.
Looking towards the boarded-up school and Forbes Street from Bowmont Place, mid-1980s. Photo © Colin Inverarity, used with permissionIn 1984 Lothian Regional Council demolished the former school but whole plot remained vacant until 1986 when the remaining surrounding wasteland was purchased by Edinburgh District Council through compulsory purchase. The long-promised new housing was finally built along with a new St Leonard’s Police Station.
Looking towards the partially demolished school on Forbes Street past the sad sight of the old Free St Paul’s church from St Leonard’s Street, mid-1980s. Photo © Colin Inverarity, used with permissionIn the process of this redevelopment of the neighbourhood, Forbes Street was truncated from a through road to a cul-de-sac accessed off of St Leonard’s Lane. This scheme controversially also demolished the listed, 150-year old St. Paul’s, which it had been intended to protect. Thus at a stroke, two generations of local educational establishments were removed permanently from the map.
Forbes Street, 2022, now a cul-de-sac on a different alignment and home to a modern, mixed-density housing development. View from St Leonard’s Hill looking northwest across what would have been the old School.The previous chapter of this series looked at Gilmore Place Public School. The next chapter examines the James Clark School.
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Educating Children, Bakers and Tourists: the thread about Castlehill Public School
Preamble. The schools of the “School Board” era of public education (1872-1918) have for some reason a particular fascination for me, one which is more profound where they are either no longer in use as schools or have disappeared entirely. This thread began as a couple of lines for my own notes about each of the “Lost Board Schools of Edinburgh” but rapidly snowballed into an intention to cover each, in alphabetical order, on its own and in rather more detail, but not so much that they can’t be posted quite frequently.
The third chapter of our series looking at the “Lost Board Schools of Edinburgh” investigates the life and times of Castlehill School. This occupied the site of the Gordon House, the 17th century residence of George Gordon, 1st Duke of Gordon who was Captain and Constable of Edinburgh Castle and is remembered for surrendering that fortification all too readily to the Protestant Lords during the Glorious Revolution of 1689. His property came later into the possession of the Bairds of Saughtonhall who gave their name to Blair’s Close that forms the western boundary of the school plot.
Gordon House in 1887, immediately before demolition to make way for Castlehill School. Photo by Alexander Adam Inglis, Edinburgh & Scottish Collection of Edinburgh City LibrariesThe school was designed by Robert Wilson, architect to the Edinburgh School Board, and was a radical departure in style from its rather austere Collegiate Gothic contemporaries by the adoption of Scots Baronial Revival; complete with turrets, crowstepped gables and mock battlements. This was seen as more befitting of its prominent location at the head of the Old Town. Another change was the use of red Cornockle sandstone from Lochmaben in Dumfriesshire to add a visual contrast with the more usual yellowy-grey from the local Hailes Quarry.
Castlehill School, north elevation on the Castlehill itself. CC-by-SA 2.0 Neil T, via FlickrA third change from its predecessors was the extension from two to three storeys; an attic level, lit by rooflights, providing rooms for teaching specialist subjects such as needlework and drawing. This was done to make the best use of a cramped site which amounted to just quarter of an acre; half that of the contemporary Milton House School in the Canongate and even less than the notoriously cramped Bristo Public School. (The only other three storey board school before this was West Fountainbridge, which had a similarly small plot)
Ordnance Survey Town Plans of Edinburgh, 1876 (right) and 1893 (left), before and after Castlehill School opened. Move the slider to compare. Note in the 1876 map that the Church of Scotland and Free Church both have schools in the district; St. Columba’s and St. John’s respectively. Reproduced with the permission of the National Library of ScotlandInternally, three original mantlepieces from the Gordon mansion were incorporated into staff rooms as was an old entrance door. To the rear (south), the site dropped steeply away down the slope of the Old Town’s Crag and Tail topography. An additional level was therefore required, originally this was an open colonnade, providing a covered extension to the playgrounds, but later it was enclosed to provide additional teaching areas. A tall retaining wall faced onto Johnston Terrace at the rear, with entrance staircases (separate for boys and girls) up to the playgrounds and a three storey Janitor’s house bridged the two levels.
South (rear) elevation of Castlehill School, showing the plot sloped steeply in two directions; down from the Castlehill and down Johnston Terrace. The additional lower storey to the rear with the arched windows, the retaining wall with entrance stairways and the three-level janitor’s house can be seen. The spire of the Highland Tolbooth St John’s church towers over an already tall school. CC-by-SA 4.0 Stephencdickson via FlickrThe school opened on Monday December 3rd 1888. Although there was no formal ceremony to mark the occasion, over 800 pupils were marched out of their old schools (those inherited by the School Board at Brown Square, Borthwick and Old Assembly Close and Victoria Terrace) up the hill to their new home. A formal opening would take place exactly 5 months later on May 3rd 1889.
Former Brown Square school in 1913. This was one of the Heriot Trust day schools that were merged into the School Board after 1872, immediately identifiable by all the Jacobean decorations modelled off of Heriot’s Hospital itself. Edinburgh Photographic Society collection, via National Galleries Scotland.Interestingly, the legend carved prominently into both the front and read façades reads “CASTLE HILL SCHOOL”, even though it was nearly always officially referred to as one word, just Castlehill, a change that was also reflected in the Ordnance Survey maps around the time.
“CASTLE HILL SCHOOL” on the north façade from the Flickr of Bob White, CC-by-NC-ND 2.0From the beginning the school was also used for evening education. But – maintaining the theme of being different – at Castlehill this was not for adults. Instead it catered only for children under 14, pupils given special dispensation by the School Board to attend evening school on account of them needing to work during the school day to help support their families. In 1898 there were 212 boys and girls so registered. In 1890, the school’s first headmaster, John Davidson, resigned on account of poor health. In May 1898 headmaster William C. S. Hunter died and was replaced by James C. Anderson of Leith Walk School. His salary of £340 being equivalent to around £38,400 in 2025 and his “reign” was formally inaugurated with a presentation by Colin G. Macrae, chairman of the School Board, and concert at the school on Wednesday 1st June that year.
The school and its pupils suffered as a result of the harsh social conditions in Edinburgh’s Old Town in the late 19th and early 20th century. Headmaster Anderson was one of a number of his peers in the district who in spoke publicly in 1904 on “how drunkenness [of parents] affects the children“. 150 of his pupils were on the “food roll” due to the inability of their parents to feed then, with a further 30 receiving relief from the district fund. This was almost a quarter of the school and other children of leaving age (14) were being taught with 7 year-olds on account of how much schooling they had missed. Anderson put this down to drunkenness which he said was getting worse, as was thriftlessness. In 1908, under the terms of the Education (Scotland) Act of that year, the School Board instituted a meal scheme for necessitous children, each receiving a bowl of soup and bread during their school day. This was a great success and was expanded in 1911 by converting West Fountainbridge School into a dedicated central cooking centre. One hundred children from Castlehill were among the first recipients to benefit, but as their school lacked a dining hall they went to the Independent Labour Party Hall on Melbourne Place to eat. The tickets for these dinners issued daily at school to encourage children deserving of the meals to actually attend their lessons. They could also be purchased for 6d a week; with a little bit of liberal rounding they became known as “penny dinners“.
Soup and bread is served for lunch at North Canongate School, c. 1914. The man with the moustache and white apron is the headmaster. Note the lack of shoes on a number of the boys’ feet.Feeding was not the only effort made to improve the lot of the children of Castlehill. In 1908 permission was gained by the School Board to adopt a piece of ground on Johnston Terrace next to the Church of Scotland Normal School (a teacher training college) for use as a playground, that at the school being completely insufficient in size and aspect. In 1909, under the auspices of Patrick Geddes’ Edinburgh Social Union, a patch of wasteland on Johnston Terrace was converted by pupils at the school into a model demonstration garden of their very own. Geddes established numerous such gardens, believing them as living classrooms for teaching both biology and self-improvement. Vegetable plots 150 feet long and 7 feet wide grew potatoes, peas, beans, cauliflowers, cabbages, turnips, leeks, onions, carrots, lettuces and other salad vegetables which were used in cookery classes in the school. This space was used for teaching natural history lessons and the principles of crop rotation. It also allowed the school to apply for a valuable additional grant for teaching gardening from the Education Department.
The Castlehill School garden off Johnston Terrace, c. 1914The next year, 1910, headmaster H. F. Sim brought the first case of its kind in Edinburgh to the City Police Court under the Children Act 1908, when two shopkeepers were charged with and pleaded guilty to selling “smoking mixture” to to children under the age of 16. Sim had caught boys in the school trying to smoke a pipe filled with the ersatz tobacco and confiscated from them their paper bag marked “The Boys’ Smoking Mixture and Pipe: price One Halfpenny“. On questioning, he had found from them where they had acquired it and reported the matter to the city’s Medical Officer of Health. The magistrate admonished the defendants and said “a warning should be given to tobacconists that the sale of such a mixture was an illegal practice, and that in other cases of the kind the offenders would certainly be punished.“
A production of scenes from Julius Caesar for the benefit of the School Board by the boys of Castlehill School, March 1912. The Evening News recorded that Mark Anthony was played by William Caldwell and that he “made a very excellent attempt at the speech at Caesar’s funeral”.In October 1912, to remedy a lack of accommodation in the school, the adjacent ancient tenement known as Cannonball House – the last block of old Castlehill – being acquired by the Board for £1,925. It had recently been bought by the Cockburn Association with a view to preservation and the Board spent £3,500 thoroughly renovating and converting into additional teaching spaces. Its four principal classrooms could accommodate 180 children and there were special rooms for practical subjects such as cookery. In the basement were “spray baths“; showers for the children, most of whom lacked even basic domestic sanitation in their homes. The building was substantially altered, with one wing and the old Blair’s Close removed to improve ventilation and daylight. A number of original 17th century features were uncovered during restoration and were retained and installed in the fabric in new locations, making the end result something of a chimaera. The east gable is the biggest give-away way that not all is what it seems with this apparently old tenement; look for the tall classroom windows and the Edinburgh School Board emblem high up on the pediment.
Cannonball House, before and after. In 1900, an image by James C. H. Balmain (left) and in 1957 by H. D. Wyllie. Photos in the Edinburgh and Scottish Collection, Edinburgh City Libraries. Move the slider to compare.In WW1 the school was requisitioned by to act as a depot and billeting for soldiers of the 5th Royal Scots based out of Edinburgh Castle. The Church of Scotland Young Men’s Guild was given the use of a room the following year to run a canteen and recreation room for them, with a gramophone, games, books, newspapers and writing materials. A teacher at the school, James Bathgate, was injured on war service in July 1915 when serving as a private with the College Company, 4th Royal Scots, in France. In April 1917, Headmaster Sim lost his son, Charles Henry Stuart, who died in hospital having been fatally injured serving with the Royal Field Artillery.
After the war, in April 1922, Headmistress Miss C. E. Anderson retired and was presented with a gold wristlet watch from the parents and her colleagues and a diamond brooch from the pupils. She had been teaching the children of the area since the school opened – a record period of 41 years!
In 1936 a new technological front in teaching was opened up at Castlehill when a room was specifically converted for the use of the Edinburgh branch of the newly instituted Scottish Educational Film Association for the production of educational films. It had been recognised that technology had a part to play in education – in 1931 a group from Canonmills School had been given a trial lesson on the theme of sound recording and reproduction at their local cinema – but further progress was wanting on account of a lack of suitable films for the classroom. The Education Committee thus resolved to make them for themselves: as well as providing the studio for the Association, they also covered the (then) substantial overhead of film costs and in return had a controlling say in the content of films. The first production was a four-part geography film entitled “The Port of London“. The Association would remain at Castlehill until 1957, when they moved to Boswell’s Court.
Members of the Scottish Educational Film Association and school teachers working on a production in the new studio at Castlehill. Edinburgh Evening News, December 19th 1936On the morning of September 1st 1939, children showed to schools all over the city with their coat, a bag or case and a cardboard label – they were being evacuated. Some 200 gathered at Castlehill before heading to Waverley station and destinations unknown. The school remained open for those children that stayed behind and there were still 273 on the roll in September 1940. The logbook records the peculiarities of an education during wartime; there were separate air raid shelters for infants, girls and boys; all children had to carry their gas masks with them; there were weekly gas mask drills and weekly marching drills to and from the shelters.
Excerpt from the logbook at Castlehill School for February 1940 with notes on the gas mask and air raid shelter drills.Additional wartime uses were found for the partially vacant school. A central depot for clothing for evacuees was established in October 1939; donations were received and sorted before being distributed to those in need who had been evacuated and found themselves wanting during their “enforced holiday to the country“. This was organised by Miss Cairns, Superintendent of Domestic Subjects for the Corporation, and she had 50 sewing mistresses from across the city under her direction. The supply of children’s coats proved insufficient and so these “clever-fingered” women picked apart the excess of larger items, cut them down to the required sizes and put them back together again. They were joined by women of the Edinburgh Personal Service League who performed a similar operation for men’s clothing, to be sent via the Red Cross to injured servicemen and prisoners of war. Wartime cookery classes were run in the school by the Corporation’s night school teachers. These were aimed at women to try and instruct them in how to eke out their rations, substitute various items that were off ration to recreate old favourites and how to do so more healthily and with less waste of fuel. Mrs Gray of the Women’s Voluntary Service (WVS) established a group of like-minded women to make soft toys and dolls and clothing for babies and toddlers who were being cared for in public nurseries, their mothers being on war work. Most of these things were no longer being manufactured during wartime. Such was the success of this endeavour that it later relocated to a dedicated workshop at Bristo School as the Nursery Equipment Centre.
A wartime cookery lesson at Castlehill. Edinburgh Evening News, May 14th 1940Postwar, a shock announcement in May 1951 broke news that the school was to be closed at the end of that term. It had been built for 800 but as a result of the long term urban depopulation of the city it was down to 293 by this point; there was plenty excess capacity to rehouse them at Milton House, Tollcross and South Bridge schools for the same reason.
A Castlehill class, 1947A secondary reason behind the closure was that the authorities wanted to establish a Central School Of Bakery and Catering where apprentice workers from the city’s important baking industry (as well as more general cookery and catering) could undertake industry-specific further education. Parents protested the decision but the Corporation was unmoved and voted by 14 to 5 for closure. Its only concession was to promise crossing guards to help children navigate the busy roads that they now needed to transit on their way to their new schools.
One mother vents her frustration towards Councillors Thomson and Hedderwick of the Education Committee at a meeting to oppose the closure of Castlehill School, May 25th 1951.The bakery school opened on Monday 19th January 1954, Councillor H. A. Brechin performed the honours and stated “these new premises, together with the modern equipment, give Edinburgh one of the most up-to-date baking and catering schools in the United Kingdom“.
Mr John Russell shows apprentices a loaf fresh from the oven (left) and John Notman (right) is supervised in the correct way to serve diners at Castlehill School in these photos from the Evening News, October 2rd 1957It did not last long however and as a result of changes to further education and the city’s industries, it was closed by 1970. While it once again sought a purpose, during the Commonwealth Games in Edinburgh that year it served as a temporary museum of regimental history at Edinburgh Castle. In 1971 the main building was converted to offices for the City Engineer’s department and would later be occupied by the Drainage Department of Lothian Regional Council. Between 1972 and 1974 it was also the home for the Theatre Workshop, an arts and drama centre for children, while it was found permanent premises.
1965, the sad sight of the abandoned School Garden. Photo by Ronald Alexander © Edinburgh City LibrariesIn August 1986, Lothian Region accepted an offer for £250,000 from William Muir distillers who proposed to convert the former school it into a whisky museum and heritage centre. £2 million was spent on this project which opened its doors on 3rd May 1988, the building’s centennial year. It was an instant success and is now into its 5th decade of offering a very different sort of education than that the building’s planners had in mind.
Cannonball House was retained by the Education Department when the main building became the bakery school and was used for community education, passing to Lothian Regional Council on the formation of that organisation. In 1984 a Children’s History Centre was opened and the building was later properly converted by the Region for £200,000 for use as a schools education centre modelled on Patrick Grddes’ ideas; the Castehill Urban Studies Centre. It was the first such centre in Britain and I recall school trips there in the early 1990s, the name of the guide was Mrs Quick – I’m not sure why that name stuck with me, but it did!. Between 1999 until the opening of the new Scottish Parliament at Holyrood in 2004, Cannonball House was used as a schools education centre for the temporary parliament housed in the General Assembly Hall of the Church of Scotland on the Lawnmarket. In 2013, 100 years after it opened as part of the school, it found a new life as a high-end restaurant by the Scottish-Italian Contini family, who themselves had started out in Scotland a century before.
Contini Cannonball Restaurant and Bar, via Contini.comWant to read more about Edinburgh’s Lost Board Schools? The previous chapter was about Canonmills School.
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#Lochend #Logan #Restalrig #StMargaret -
Stream is up. We'll be live in a short little bit. Theoretically, some chatting, then some Grim Dawn OR I will eat an entire extraterrestrial gor'larmingtrollip. #streaming #chatting #gams #twitch
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RT @shaunduke
Heyo, friends! Tonight is AlphabetStreams night!7 PM CDT! On #Twitch. We'll talk TTRPGs and science fiction stuff, and we'll even play some games, get messed up by NPCs or teenagers on the Internet, and maybe tell a joke!
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Pears, c.1910s - Alphalsa Postcard
https://www.ebid.net/uk/for-sale/pears-c-1910s-alphalsa-postcard-235516395.htm
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The work that culminated in Brigham’s vaccine grew out of research into a subset of pancreatic cancer survivors known as exceptional responders
—the small percentage of people who make it to the five-year mark after a diagnosis.“These patients, you know, they’re very rare,”
Balachandran says.Even at a facility as large as Memorial Sloan Kettering,
which sees tens of thousands of cancer patients a year,
it was possible to study this group with any precision only because of the hospital’s long-standing mandate to save samples of every patient’s tissue.When Balachandran joined the faculty in 2015, his research on long-term survivors relied on tissue samples taken more than a decade earlier.
In 2017 Balachandran and his collaborators published a study demonstrating that some patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma had more cells able to recognize the unique proteins that mutant tumor cells produced
and that their immune systems seemed to develop a kind of long-term memory to fight recurrence.
In some cases, immune cells with receptors that could bind to these cancer proteins persisted in the blood for more than a decade after the tumors that spawned them were removed.
What if, Balachandran wondered, we could equip the 92 percent of patients who are not naturally exceptional responders with the same kinds of biological tools?
“If you can teach the immune system to recognize the proteins in, say, pancreatic cancer, perhaps that could provide a blueprint,” he says.
As tumors grow and metastasize, they undergo a kind of compressed evolution
in which normal cells with the host’s DNA accrue mutations that cause them to divide and multiply abnormally,
forming an ever larger group of closely related tumor clones.Many mutations register in the form of abnormal proteins and protein fragments,
called #neoantigens,
some of which accumulate on the surface of the proliferating tumor cells.Balachandran compared this growing family tree of tumor clones with new variants in a group of viruses,
like the Alpha, Delta and Omicron variants of SARS-CoV-2,
which emerged as the COVID-19 pandemic wore on.“You’d want a COVID vaccine to be able to target each different virus in that rapidly evolving clade,” Balachandran says.
For the development of a cancer vaccine, mapping the evolutionary trajectory of a cancerous tumor is equally important,
albeit with a different set of parameters.The goal is not to distinguish between the presentations of two related pathogens
but rather to understand at what point a disease derived from one’s own body starts to register to the immune system as not self.
“At some point
—we don’t think immediately
—the immune system starts to notice,”
says Benjamin Greenbaum, Balachandran’s colleague at Memorial Sloan Kettering’s Olayan Center for Cancer Vaccines,
who led the computational work behind the vaccine given to Brigham.In later stages, tumors typically accumulate signs of immune system involvement even if the immune response hasn’t been effective
—changes in the cell makeup of the microenvironment around the tumor,
the display of checkpoint molecules.These signs can be understood as evolutionary adaptations on the part of the tumor in the race to evade detection,
Greenbaum explains.“So then the question really became,
Can we try to estimate what the immune system is really seeing in cancer?”#checkpointinhibitors
#WilliamColey #immunotherapy #stroma #MHC -
@Alphastream #Masks #ThirstySwordLesbians and #LasersAndFeelings are all released under CC-BY. #ForTheQueen has its own SRD, as do several other indie games (here's an example collection: https://itch.io/c/2355202/ttrpg-srds)
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Possible Planet Spotted Around Alpha Centauri A by #NASA’s James Webb Telescope (@jwst_discovery). Via @nytimes #Space #Astrophysics #OrbitalMechanics #Astronomy #JWST 🚀 🌌 ☄️ 🛰️
Possible Planet Spotted Around... -
On the edge of thinking that #includes in C/C++, usings in C#, imports in Java and similar things in other languages should not compile if they are not ordered alphabetically.
Standard library may stuff may be at the top, directories in #includes is another matter, but dammit, is it that damn hard to order things? -
Also, those letters in the squares? #CSS counters!
```
.item { counter-increment: c }.item::after { content: counter(c, upper-alpha) }
```#tinyCSStip #cssCounter #code #coding #web #dev #webDev #webDevelopment
#frontend -
LocaleStation’s Deprecation
LocaleStation was released as part of the ongoing effort back in June 2025 to give all our libraries a chance to be translatable to your native language. This kind of effort was studied under the assumption that we’d achieve simpler and faster localization. However, our expectations fell short when we had discovered the massive first startup performance impact on Windows systems.
This performance impact was especially noticeable on Windows systems where applications like Nitrocid would suffer from longer startup times in both the main application entry point and the addon loading point. This slow down is considered to be unacceptable, especially when an “unrelated” feature would cause this slow down. This is because of the Windows Defender’s Antimalware Service Executable process taking up a majority of the CPU cycles in analyzing the localization files in the first JIT compilation of all libraries and applications that depend on LocaleStation’s generated files.
As a result, we’ve decided to shut down LocaleStation as a library, and convert all the existing JSON files, with appropriate modifications, to a standard culture-specific resources file that is managed by .NET.
With Terminaux, we’ve conducted an experimental branch based on the Terminaux 8.0.0 branch that can be found in the x/exp/v8.0.x-loc-resx-poc branch. We’ve used an internal program that converts LocaleStation-compatible JSON files that you can see like below:
{ "lang": "eng", "name": "English", "cultures": [ "en-US", "en-GB" ], "locs": [ { "loc": "TEXT_HELLO_WORLD", "text": "Hello world!" }, { "loc": "TEXT_HI", "text": "Hi!" } ]}…to the .resx format as in below:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?><root> <!-- Microsoft ResX Schema Version 2.0 The primary goals of this format is to allow a simple XML format that is mostly human readable. The generation and parsing of the various data types are done through the TypeConverter classes associated with the data types. Example: ... ado.net/XML headers & schema ... <resheader name="resmimetype">text/microsoft-resx</resheader> <resheader name="version">2.0</resheader> <resheader name="reader">System.Resources.ResXResourceReader, System.Windows.Forms, ...</resheader> <resheader name="writer">System.Resources.ResXResourceWriter, System.Windows.Forms, ...</resheader> <data name="Name1"><value>this is my long string</value><comment>this is a comment</comment></data> <data name="Color1" type="System.Drawing.Color, System.Drawing">Blue</data> <data name="Bitmap1" mimetype="application/x-microsoft.net.object.binary.base64"> <value>[base64 mime encoded serialized .NET Framework object]</value> </data> <data name="Icon1" type="System.Drawing.Icon, System.Drawing" mimetype="application/x-microsoft.net.object.bytearray.base64"> <value>[base64 mime encoded string representing a byte array form of the .NET Framework object]</value> <comment>This is a comment</comment> </data> There are any number of "resheader" rows that contain simple name/value pairs. Each data row contains a name, and value. The row also contains a type or mimetype. Type corresponds to a .NET class that support text/value conversion through the TypeConverter architecture. Classes that don't support this are serialized and stored with the mimetype set. The mimetype is used for serialized objects, and tells the ResXResourceReader how to depersist the object. This is currently not extensible. For a given mimetype the value must be set accordingly: Note - application/x-microsoft.net.object.binary.base64 is the format that the ResXResourceWriter will generate, however the reader can read any of the formats listed below. mimetype: application/x-microsoft.net.object.binary.base64 value : The object must be serialized with : System.Runtime.Serialization.Formatters.Binary.BinaryFormatter : and then encoded with base64 encoding. mimetype: application/x-microsoft.net.object.soap.base64 value : The object must be serialized with : System.Runtime.Serialization.Formatters.Soap.SoapFormatter : and then encoded with base64 encoding. mimetype: application/x-microsoft.net.object.bytearray.base64 value : The object must be serialized into a byte array : using a System.ComponentModel.TypeConverter : and then encoded with base64 encoding. --> <xsd:schema id="root" xmlns="" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xmlns:msdata="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:xml-msdata"> <xsd:import namespace="http://www.w3.org/XML/1998/namespace" /> <xsd:element name="root" msdata:IsDataSet="true"> <xsd:complexType> <xsd:choice maxOccurs="unbounded"> <xsd:element name="metadata"> <xsd:complexType> <xsd:sequence> <xsd:element name="value" type="xsd:string" minOccurs="0" /> </xsd:sequence> <xsd:attribute name="name" use="required" type="xsd:string" /> <xsd:attribute name="type" type="xsd:string" /> <xsd:attribute name="mimetype" type="xsd:string" /> <xsd:attribute ref="xml:space" /> </xsd:complexType> </xsd:element> <xsd:element name="assembly"> <xsd:complexType> <xsd:attribute name="alias" type="xsd:string" /> <xsd:attribute name="name" type="xsd:string" /> </xsd:complexType> </xsd:element> <xsd:element name="data"> <xsd:complexType> <xsd:sequence> <xsd:element name="value" type="xsd:string" minOccurs="0" msdata:Ordinal="1" /> <xsd:element name="comment" type="xsd:string" minOccurs="0" msdata:Ordinal="2" /> </xsd:sequence> <xsd:attribute name="name" type="xsd:string" use="required" msdata:Ordinal="1" /> <xsd:attribute name="type" type="xsd:string" msdata:Ordinal="3" /> <xsd:attribute name="mimetype" type="xsd:string" msdata:Ordinal="4" /> <xsd:attribute ref="xml:space" /> </xsd:complexType> </xsd:element> <xsd:element name="resheader"> <xsd:complexType> <xsd:sequence> <xsd:element name="value" type="xsd:string" minOccurs="0" msdata:Ordinal="1" /> </xsd:sequence> <xsd:attribute name="name" type="xsd:string" use="required" /> </xsd:complexType> </xsd:element> </xsd:choice> </xsd:complexType> </xsd:element> </xsd:schema> <resheader name="resmimetype"> <value>text/microsoft-resx</value> </resheader> <resheader name="version"> <value>2.0</value> </resheader> <resheader name="reader"> <value>System.Resources.ResXResourceReader, System.Windows.Forms, Version=4.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b77a5c561934e089</value> </resheader> <resheader name="writer"> <value>System.Resources.ResXResourceWriter, System.Windows.Forms, Version=4.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b77a5c561934e089</value> </resheader> <data name="NKS_COMMON_ANYKEY" xml:space="preserve"> <value>Press any key to continue...</value> </data> <data name="NKS_KERNEL_NOAPMSIMULATION" xml:space="preserve"> <value>It's now safe to turn off your computer.</value> </data> <data name="NKS_KERNEL_ENVERROR" xml:space="preserve"> <value>Kernel environment error:</value> </data> <data name="NKS_KERNEL_FATALERROR" xml:space="preserve"> <value>Nitrocid KS has detected a problem and it has been shut down.</value> </data> <data name="NKS_KERNEL_STARTING_DEVMESSAGE" xml:space="preserve"> <value>You're running the development version of the kernel. While you can experience upcoming features which may exist in the final release, you may run into bugs, instabilities, or even data loss. We recommend using the stable version, if possible.</value> </data> <data name="NKS_KERNEL_STARTING_RCMESSAGE" xml:space="preserve"> <value>You're running the release candidate version of the kernel. While you can experience the final touches, you may run into bugs, instabilities, or even data loss. We recommend using the stable version, if possible.</value> </data> <data name="NKS_KERNEL_STARTING_UNSUPPORTED" xml:space="preserve"> <value>We recommend against running this version of the kernel, because it is unsupported. If you have downloaded this kernel from unknown sources, this message may appear. Please download from our official downloads page.</value> </data> <data name="NKS_KERNEL_STARTING_ALPHAMESSAGE" xml:space="preserve"> <value>You're running the alpha version of the kernel. You may run into bugs, instabilities, or even data loss. We recommend using the stable version, if possible.</value> </data> <data name="NKS_KERNEL_STARTING_BETAMESSAGE" xml:space="preserve"> <value>You're running the beta version of the kernel. You may run into bugs, instabilities, or even data loss. We recommend using the stable version, if possible.</value> </data></root>
Our recent experiments proved that the resources method was faster than the LocaleStation method when it comes to first startup times due to Windows Defender. We have removed this library from the list of supported libraries, and that all development of LocaleStation will stop.
The specification will remain maintained, and the Aptivi Development Toolkit (ADT) will provide tools that we’ve developed internally to make dealing with those files easier than before.
We are still working on the rollout of the .resx file for all libraries, and this may take multiple library releases, depending on the severity of the situation.
#C_ #csharp #dotnet #Language #libraries #Library #Localization #news #Tech #Technology #update
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CW: Updated helpful tips for supportive parents, guardians, family members, friends of trans kids in the UK, as well as trans-supportive medical professionals and organisations, in light of the extension of the ban on new prescriptions of puberty blockers and closing the NI loophole (boosts welcome :BoostsOKPrideSymbol:) (updated re: further extension) (updated again re: indefinite ban)
(Please note that we've¹ defaulted to the British English spellings of oestrogen and oestradiol instead of estrogen and estradiol, as this issue affects those in the UK. In general, we use and prefer the versions without the leading, silent O.Also, GnRH means gonadotropin-releasing hormone. You'll see us writing it a lot followed by "analogue", "agonist" or "antagonist". Those are all types of "puberty blockers".
Lastly, GAHT means gender-affirming hormone therapy. We prefer using this to HRT -- hormone replacement therapy -- which is a broader term.)
Original puberty blockers ban
Back on 2024-05-31, we wrote a post in response to the transphobic emergency restrictions for new prescriptions of puberty blockers to trans youth by the then health minister.
Our original post explaining that in more detail can be found here, but we have now unpinned it and replaced it with this post to ensure everyone has the most up-to-date info.
New government hopes dashed
It was hoped that the new government would not extend the ban, but as soon as they announced Wes "Weasel" Streeting (a highly vocal transphobe and self-loathing gay man) as the new Health Secretary, he pretty much immediately announced his intention to extend the temporary ban, with an aim to making it permanent.
Per this post by TransActual, it's not like Weasel and his advisors weren't made aware of all the negative impacts an extension would have, as "he was told about it when meeting with the representatives of LGBTQ+ organisations".
Even more darkly-farcical is that the justification Weasel used for continuing the targeted medical discrimination against trans youth is that it's being done "to avoid serious danger to health", which is not only contrary to the information provided by those LGBTQ+ organisations, but completely contrary to:
- increasing international condemnation of the Cass Review, which was the primary justification for the order;
- all valid scientific studies over decades, which were excluded by the Cass Review because they weren't "double blinded controlled studies" (which is medically unethical);
- even the frickin' BMA criticising and planning to review the Cass Review.
It's not that Weasel doesn't understand this: it's that he either doesn't care or actively wants to hurt trans youth by making it as difficult as possible for them to medically transition :PleadingFace: 😞
The temporary ban extension explained
The news page on on the government is coldly entitled Puberty blockers temporary ban extended, as if it's no big deal. It links to the original ban and to the new-and-worsened "The Medicines (Gonadotrophin-Releasing Hormone Analogues) (Emergency Prohibition) (Extension) Order 2024" that's replacing it.
This order extends the duration of the original ban until 2024-11-26, but also increases its scope. The original order did not apply to Northern Ireland and allowed EU professionals to prescribe. This small loophole gave a glimmer of hope for supportive parents of trans youth, who could essentially:
- Get a prescription via a private online gender service from an EU medical professional.
- Travel to Northern Ireland to pick up the prescription.
- Travel back home to use it to support their trans kid.
The government clearly discovered this, as the new order has 2 very clear statements on the news page:
It also prevents the sale and supply of the medicines from prescribers registered in the European Economic Area or Switzerland for any purposes to those under 18.
The government has also extended the order to cover Northern Ireland, following agreement from the Northern Ireland Executive, to come into effect from 27 August 2024.
Temporary ban extension number 2 😞
On 6th November 2024, a 2nd extension to the temporary ban was created, which will come into force on 27th November 2024 and last until the end of 31st December 2024.
Fortunately, it was only a time extension: not an expansion of the meds being blocked.
Indefinite ban
We bleeping hate this country. On 11th December 2024, an indefinite ban was imposed by the scumbags in power, under the false guise of safety. This will come into force from 1st January 2025 :FaceExhaling:
And now for the good news 🥰
GnRH antagonists
Weasel isn't as smart as he thinks he is. Under Article 2, they've continued to define GnRH analogues as:
a medicinal product that consists of or contains buserelin, gonadorelin, goserelin, leuprorelin acetate, nafarelin or triptorelin
It's been this way since the original temporary ban was introduced by the previous government and nobody has updated the wording.
Whilst technically calling them analogues isn't incorrect, all of the medications listed above are actually more-specifically GnRH agonists.
Just like the original order, they've ignored GnRH antagonists, as these don't tend to be typically prescribed for trans+ GAHT, despite being just as safe and effective, with the same low-risk profile.
GnRH agonists and antagonists are both types of GnRH analogues. It's just that, for some reason, the agonists tend to be prescribed rather than the antagonists.
The wiki page on GnRH antagonists even specifically states in the Other uses section:
GnRH antagonists could be used as puberty blockers in transgender youth and to suppress sex hormone levels in transgender adolescents and adults, but have not been studied in this context.
We've checked through the list of GnRH antagonists listed on NICE ("National Institute for Health and Care Excellence") as being able to be prescribed, and the following ones could be legally prescribed by any willing UK medical professional without infringing on the order:
- Cetrorelix (Wiki) (NICE) (EMC)
- Degarelix (Wiki) (NICE) (EMC)
- Ganirelix (Wiki) (NICE) (EMC)
- Relugolix (Wiki) (NICE) (No EMC page, but NICE has some details here)
The drugs would be being used off-label, but so are all the existing meds for trans people anyway! There are no officially-licensed medications for trans people in the UK. It's all outside of their prescription guidelines.
We actually had to sign 2 consent forms to request feminising GAHT (aka feminising hormone therapy), 1 of which genuinely reads:
I confirm I understand feminising hormones are not licenced for the treatment of Gender lncongruence; however, I am happy to receive this treatment.
That's not an outdated form either. It's what we had to return to the East of England Gender Service (EOEGS) in May 2024.
Elagolix appears to be starting to be used at 150 mg daily or 200 mg twice daily, but does not appear to be approved for use by NICE.
Alternatives to puberty blockers
Whilst puberty blockers are considered the gold standard:
- They were mainly offered in place of gender-affirming hormone therapy in order to delay the medical transition of trans kids, in the hopes that they could be "persuaded" that they're not actually trans (i.e., conversion therapy).
- Other alternatives to these do exist and are commonly available.
Anti-androgens (steroidal and non-steroidal)
For those who want to block testosterone, the other options are broadly steroidal anti-androgens or non-steroidal anti-androgens. They're typically grouped together under anti-androgens.
Of these, the prescribable options are:
Why no mention of 5-alpha-reductase inhibitors like finasteride or dutasteride? Because all they do is reduce the conversion of testosterone into dihydrotestosterone (DHT). They're technically considered anti-androgens, but both have some pretty common side effects, haven't been shown to be effective for trans healthcare, and interact badly with micronised progesterone.
Spironolactone
Spironolactone has tonnes of common, negative side effects and is a weak anti-androgen at best. The fact that it's still even prescribed to trans people to block testosterone is probably solely because it's cheap. Even its Wiki page states:
Its use continues despite the rise of various accessible alternatives such as bicalutamide and cyproterone acetate with more precise action and less side effects.
Cyproterone acetate
Cyproterone acetate, even at low daily doses (6.25-12.5 mg), isn't particular great either. It's a progestin (a synthetic progestogen), has a fair number of common side effects, and can cause liver issues. It can even cause depression and negatively impact breast development if taken from the start of feminising GAHT.
The only safe progestogen for feminising GAHT is bioidentical micronised progesterone, and only after at least 6 months and having reached stage 3 on the Tanner Scale. It's best to avoid progestins at all costs, due to their inherent risks.
Bicalutamide
Now we come to the oft-overlooked and demonised bicalutamide, even though one of its key uses, as listed on its wiki page, is:
as a puberty blocker and component of feminizing hormone therapy for transgender girls and women
Bicalutamide is a first-generation non-steroidal anti-androgen and works in a different way to other anti-androgens. It actually increases testosterone production slightly, but then converts the excess into oestradiol (E2) and blocks androgen receptors. It's kind of an invisible blocker, as any blood tests will show a higher testosterone level, but androgenic effects will stop, due to the blocked receptors.
Its common side-effects are actually positive effects for many seeking feminisation (e.g., breast growth; decreased libido; reduced body hair growth) alongside blocking androgen receptors. This is, however, worth taking into consideration for someone who may want to block androgenic effects, but not particularly feminise, as this would not be best for them.
Bicalutamide does have a common chance of raising liver enzymes, so it's absolutely vital to monitor closely and get regular liver function blood tests.
Why vital? Because seeing elevated liver enzymes is an indicator of liver cells breaking down at an unusual rate, which can be an early warning sign of liver toxicity (toxic hepatitis). Further tests can then be run to confirm.
The liver is very capable organ in terms of recovery and regeneration, so stopping bicalutamide early if further tests are positive for liver toxicity will stop further damage and increase the likelihood of the liver repairing any slight damage caused.
And now we come to the reason why it's not more-commonly used: there have been 10 published case reports of liver toxicity reported to the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) in the USA, from which there were 2 deaths. As far as we can tell from reading the links into this, none of these were trans people (of any age) taking a low daily dose of 25-50 mg.
In other words, the fear of bicalutamide is disproportionate to the actual real-world risk, especially for trans patients taking low doses.
This is what the bicalutamide comparison section has to say:
The side effect profile of bicalutamide in men and women differs from that of other antiandrogens and is considered favorable in comparison....Relative to GnRH analogues and the steroidal antiandrogen (SAA) cyproterone acetate (CPA), bicalutamide monotherapy has a much lower incidence and severity of hot flashes and sexual dysfunction.... In addition, unlike GnRH analogues and CPA, bicalutamide monotherapy is not associated with decreased bone mineral density or osteoporosis.
Bicalutamide is the best alternative for most, but not all, trans youths wishing to block testosterone and achieve some bonus feminisation before being prescribed oestradiol. It has a lower risk profile overall than cyproterone acetate, but due to extremely rare risks of liver toxicity and lung diseases, many medical practitioners won't prescribe it 😞
Second generation non-steroidal anti-androgens
There are some promising second generation non-steroidal anti-androgens which may both be more effective and have an even lower risk profile than bicalutamide. These are:
Of these, enzalutamide appears to be beginning to be used as part of feminising GAHT, at a dose of 160 mg daily, and the drug is approved by NICE at this dose.
Apalutamide has been approved by NICE at a dose of 240 mg daily.
Darolutamide, the newest of the meds, has been approved at a higher dose of 600 mg twice daily.
Each of these has its own risks and side effects that should be reviewed and taken into account. Enzalutamide purportedly "shows no risk of elevated liver enzymes or hepatotoxicity", but both it and apalutamide list a low possible risk of seizures.
Anti-oestrogens
There are anti-oestrogens, particularly SERMs, but they typically have a lot of side effects and risks. As a rule, most don't come highly recommended.
We wish we could be more positive about them here, but we wouldn't recommend any of them for anyone wishing to block oestrogen production or an oestrogenic puberty.
Look to the GnRH antagonists that aren't blocked (like relugolix), or consider the option below.
Monotherapy
It's very notable that the extended ban still does not ban any oestradiol (oestrogen) or testosterone prescriptions.
This means that there is still nothing to stop supportive parents from helping their trans kids to get a private prescription for oestradiol or testosterone.
Furthermore, due to the way human bodies work, if you maintain a high-enough trough (lowest) level of either oestradiol or testosterone, the body will basically tell the gonads to stop producing that hormones.
This is due to the HPG axis, which works by negative feedback.
For people with testes taking feminising GAHT, sufficient estradiol indirectly puts testes into sleep mode.
For people with ovaries taking masculinising GAHT (aka masculinising hormone therapy), sufficient testosterone likewise puts ovaries into sleep mode.
For those taking testosterone, please do be careful not go above recommend peaks, as otherwise testosterone aromatisation will kick in and convert the excess into estradiol.
Aromatase is localized in the endoplasmic reticulum where it is regulated by tissue-specific promoters that are in turn controlled by hormones, cytokines, and other factors. It catalyzes the last steps of estrogen biosynthesis from androgens (specifically, it transforms androstenedione to estrone and testosterone to estradiol).
Please note that DHT (dihydrotestosterone) (aka androstanolone) -- a powerful androgen synthesised irreversibly from testosterone -- is not aromatised into any forms of oestrogen. Whilst not widely available, it can be used as an alternative to testosterone for masculinising GAHT.
Level ranges for monotherapy
Please note that the figures quoted below are the typical figures for trans adults. Even WPATH SOC8 seems to have no defined ranges for trans youth, just same vague dosage suggestions adapted from the Endocrine Society Guidelines under "Appendix C GENDER-AFFIRMING HORMONAL TREATMENTS" within "Table 3".
Feminising GAHT
For feminising GAHT in adults, monotherapy typically requires maintaining an oestradiol trough of ~734 pmol/L (200 pg/mL). It varies from person to person, so some folks might need as little as ~367 pmol/L (100 pg/mL) or as high as ~918 pmol/L (250 pg/mL).
You'll know if their oestradiol trough is sufficient if their testosterone level is <=2.4 nmol/L, though <=3 nmol/L is often still considered to be within the high-end of normal range. Please note that the target range varies wildly, with ranges such as 30-100 ng/dL (~1.04 to ~3.47 nmol/L) and <50 ng/dL (~1.73 nmol/L).
(On a sports tangent, the flawed Court of Arbitration for Sports (CAS) arbitrarily assigned a maximum testosterone level of 2 nmol/L in 2019 in relation to Caster Semenya. Please note that Semenya took CAS to the ECtHR over their regulations and won in July 2025.)
Please note that there's a lot of scaremongering over oestradiol level. The NHS typically demands you be within 400 to 600 pmol/L... despite the fact that the NHS considers normal, safe ranges during menstruation to be:
- Mid-luteal: 180 to 1068 pmol/L
- Peri-ovulatory: 349 to 1590 pmol/L
Broadly-speaking, an oestradiol range that is considered safe in the long-term for monotherapy is 200 to 400 pg/mL (~734 to ~1469 pmol/L). If you wish to be more cautious, then you could aim for 200 to 300 pg/mL (~734 to ~1101 pmol/L).
Masculinising GAHT
For masculinising GAHT in adults, the targets vary and keep changing.
On the previous 2024 version of Tavistock and Portman guidance ("Treatment of Gender Dysphoria in Trans masculine People v12.4.1"), the levels were listed as follows when using the prescription testosterone medication Sustanon 250 mg/mL every 2-4 weeks:
- a rather-low testosterone trough of ~10-12 nmol/L "on the day of the injection just before it is administered";
- a peak of ~25-30 nmol/L "one week after the injection".
The latest version of guidance we've found is Treatment of Gender Incongruence in Transgender men, Transmasculine and Non-
binary People (Assigned Female at Birth) v13.1 from April 2025. If anything, it's even shittier now, aiming for a trough range of 8-12 nmol/L!!!The aim of therapy is to achieve trough testosterone levels at the bottom
of the normal male range (8-12 nmol/l) on the day of the injection, just
before it is administered, and to achieve peak testosterone levels in the
high normal male range but less than 30 nmol/l one week after the
injection.For context, international guidance is 300 to 1,000 ng/dL (~10.4 nmol/L to ~34.7 nmol/L).
The NHS trough aim allows for a narrow testosterone range that is right at the very low end of tolerability and actually goes below it. Please note that low testosterone levels are associated with low mood and low energy.
In relation to arbitrarily taking a blood test 1 week after administration, please note that Sustanon 250 tends to peak within a few days, then steadily falls. (Put something like "sustanon 250 level curve" into your preferred search engine and look for image graphs: you'll soon see what we mean.) It's just nonsense endocrinology!
For Nebido 1000 mg (4 mL), the testosterone trough range is 10 to 15 nmol/L, which is low, but not as ridiculously bad as the guidance for Sustanon 250.
With testosterone gel (testogel), the guidance is very odd. They aim for a target range of 15 to 20 nmol/L, which is fairly decent... but they want this to be tested 4 to 6 hours after application, rather than at trough... which kind of makes their guidance dumb AF.
To give you a real-world comparison, our testosterone level before starting feminising GAHT was ~18.6 nmol/L in our late 30s. Given that our voice had broken at age 10 and fully dropped by age 11, we are fairly sure our testosterone level was much higher than 18.6 nmol/L back then!
You'll typically know if your kid's testosterone trough is sufficient if their oestradiol level is under 150 pmol/L, though some folks may be up to around 180 pmol/L.
Benefits of monotherapy
Monotherapy completely avoids the need for any kind of puberty blocker, anti-androgen, or anti-oestrogen.
It also has the delightful side-effect of making your trans kid happy to be starting the puberty that they want to go through sooner, thus alleviating their feelings of gender dysphoria and allowing them to enjoy their lives, rather than continuing to wait on non-existent NHS healthcare.
With feminising GAHT, monotherapy is most easily achieved by a daily high-dose of oestradiol in the form of oestrogel (oestrogen gel) typically applied to the thighs or abdomen, but could in theory be achieved by sufficient patches applied twice weekly. Transdermal methods can benefit from being applied on the upper buttocks, but this will not be convenient or comfortable for everyone. Injections are sadly not available on prescription, and implants will be very, very expensive and only privately prescribed.
For masculinising GAHT, monotherapy can be easily achieved by daily application of testosterone gel or cream, but is more easily achieved by testosterone injections (Nebido or Sustanon). However, the injection recommendations are all for adults, so these may be harder to adjust.
Blood tests
These can be done privately, completely avoiding the need for the NHS.
You can find more information here:
- https://web.archive.org/web/20250416012633/https://genderkit.org.uk/resources/blood-testing/
- https://transactual.org.uk/medical-transition/hormone-therapy/
Where can we find more information about gender-affirming care by experts who actually want to help trans kids?
Although far from perfect, arguably the best sources currently are:
We've already written up a shorter post with links to other resources here.
What if I'm still confused about all this?
Ask for help. We're all in this together. Some of us know a lot about how broken trans healthcare is on the NHS right now, not just for trans kids but for trans adults too.
The key thing to remember is that you are never alone. All you have to do is reach out and ask for help from the community :TransHeart: :HeartHands:
Here is a non-exhaustive list of organisations who may be able to offer you some immediate support:
You can find more info resources and support on this Gender Construction Kit page.
And here are some other websites / people you may want to look up:
- Trans Kids Deserve Better
- Trans Kids Deserve To Grow Up
- Dee Whitnell (Founder of TransKidsDeservetoGrowUp)
- Queer AF
- Nancy Kelley (Executive Director of DIVA Magazine) and big supporter of trans youth
- Anne (aka Anne Health Limited), which has a helpline and offers trans+ gender-affirming healthcare
Edits: Apologies for all the typos. We're trying to gradually get rid of them all 😅 Further apologies for the minor formatting edits as we notice issues.
Edits 2025-08-19:
- Added additional details for why we cyproterone acetate isn't recommended, including details from Wiki Trans (French resource).
- Added a link to a later post we've made to other resources.
- Updated some masculinising info based on most-recent NHS guidelines, mostly to show how dumb the guidance is.
- Fixed at least one dead link.
- Added in a note about switching terminology to GAHT.
- Added a note at the end about our plurality.
#TransKidsMatter #TransYouthAreLoved #TransKidsDeserveToGrowUp #TransKidsDeserveToThrive #TransKids #ProtectTransKids #trans #transgender #enby #NonBinary #agender #genderfluid #genderqueer #transition #TransLiberationNow #TransRightsAreHumanRights #TransRights #queer #LGBTQ+ #LGBTQIA+ #PubertyBlockers #GnRHAgonists #GnRHAntagonists #GnRHAnalogues #AntiAndrogens #AntiEstrogens #AntiOestrogens #SERM #spironolactone #CyproteroneAcetate #bicalutamide
¹ We're plural (median, blurian)
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Fossé, C. et al. (2024) ‘Archaeo-Material Study of the Cuneiform Tablet from Tel Beth-Shemesh’, Tel Aviv, 51(1), pp. 3–17. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/03344355.2024.2327796.
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