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#regeneration — Public Fediverse posts

Live and recent posts from across the Fediverse tagged #regeneration, aggregated by home.social.

  1. Kahneman and Tversky researched the science of error and still made errors.


    https://slate.com/technology/2016/12/kahneman-and-tversky-researched-the-science-of-error-and-still-made-errors.html

     #commons #uusitalous #p2p #neweconomy #regeneration #dework #cosmolocal

    Kahneman and Tversky researche...

  2. Liscard Dominick House Update | Wirral View

    Plans to deal with an eyesore building in Liscard town centre are set to be decided upon by…
    #Liverpool #UnitedKingdom #UK #GB #England #Headlines #News #Europe #EU #Britain #GreatBritain #Regeneration
    europesays.com/uk/1186234/

  3. Bacteria infecting the #intestine are recognized by epithelial and immune cells. This study shows that adult #Drosophila midgut intestinal stem cells recognize pathogenic bacteria via the PGRP proteins, promoting #regeneration.
    plos.io/3SuoWnG

  4. RE: scicomm.xyz/@mustapipa/1171372

    If economics can be said to speak, it needs to shout LOUDLY about proper green regeneration (rather than plant-a-tree make-work): “Scientists found that natural #forest regeneration delivered substantial carbon and #biodiversity benefits and could be up to 96% cheaper than traditional tree-planting programs.” 🌳🪾🌲🌴🎄

    Fabulous news - thanks so much for sharing! 😀🙏🏻

    #regeneration #forestRegeneration #costBenefit #carbonSink #RoI

  5. This morning, we had the privilege of educating young people on proper waste management and environmental responsibility. By empowering the next generation with sustainable habits, we are building cleaner communities and protecting our environment for the future. Every lesson shared today is a step toward lasting positive change.
    #climate #environment #ecosystem #climatechange #nature #conservation #biodiversity #regeneration #ecology #afforestation #wastemanagement #sanitation #climatecrisis

  6. COPR BAY: Opening day named for long-delayed car park — with 628 spaces, £1-an-hour parking and a city centre car park closing the same day

    Swansea’s long-delayed Copr Bay North car park finally has an opening day — Monday 13 July.

    The seven-storey multi-storey beside the Oystermouth Road bridge will bring 628 spaces to the city centre, more than four years after the rest of the Copr Bay district opened — and years behind schedule after its original contractor collapsed mid-build.

    The car park entrance will be on Albert Row.

    Parking will be part of Swansea Council’s 1-2-3-4-5 offer: £1 an hour for up to five hours, with a maximum charge of £5 for up to 24 hours from Monday to Saturday.

    On Sundays, parking costs £2 all day regardless of length of stay.

    The car park includes standard bays, accessible parking, electric vehicle charging bays and motorcycle spaces.

    Cllr Andrew Stevens and council leader Cllr Rob Stewart outside the new Copr Bay North car park (Image: Swansea Council)

    But the opening comes with a closure. The St David’s multi-storey car park — 375 spaces — shuts for good the same day.

    The 375-space St David’s multi-storey car park closes on Monday 13 July ahead of demolition (Image: Swansea Council)

    That car park will then be demolished to make way for the next phase of regeneration on the former St David’s Shopping Centre site, where ground investigation works for a landmark office scheme began last autumn.

    Taken together, the council says the change amounts to a net increase of more than 250 city centre parking spaces.

    Season ticket holders at St David’s will be relocated to Copr Bay North from opening day, while LC permit holders at the Copr Bay South car park move over on Monday 3 August. All permit holders will be contacted directly.

    Cllr Andrew Stevens, cabinet member for environment and infrastructure, said residents, visitors and businesses wanted more city centre parking at affordable prices.

    “That’s why we’ve invested in this new facility, creating even more parking spaces than were previously available while ensuring prices remain highly competitive compared with other towns and cities across the UK,” he said, adding the council would continue with what it describes as some of the cheapest city centre parking in the country.

    The five retail units on Cupid Way beneath the car park — which have stood empty since the district opened, after the traders first announced for them never moved in — are being marketed to prospective shop, restaurant and café operators.

    Council leader Cllr Rob Stewart said the ambition was “to create a vibrant link between the city centre, the bridge and Swansea Arena”, calling the car park’s completion another step towards that vision.

    He said further announcements would be made in the coming weeks about plans for the former shopping centre site — plans he said would “bring significantly more people into the area, helping to create the footfall needed to attract new shops and other businesses”.

    The development was delivered by Swansea Council with RivingtonHark as development manager, and Andrew Scott Ltd completing the finishing works after the original contractor went into administration.

    Related stories from Swansea Bay News

    COPR BAY: Long-delayed car park to open within weeks — but four years on, its shops still stand empty
    Our report from June on the car park’s delays and the empty Cupid Way units.

    Swansea’s half-finished Copr Bay car park finally shows progress as scaffolding comes down
    How the structure was left in limbo after its original contractor collapsed mid-build.

    Site investigation works begin ahead of new Swansea city office development
    The plans taking shape on the former St David’s Shopping Centre site.

    #AndrewScottLtd #CoprBay #CoprBayCarPark #CupidWay #featured #regeneration #Swansea #SwanseaArena #SwanseaCityCentre #SwanseaCouncil
  7. COPR BAY: Long-delayed car park to open within weeks — but four years on, its shops still stand empty

    Councillors on a scrutiny panel were told this week that an opening date for the car park, behind the Tesco superstore off Oystermouth Road, would be announced shortly.

    It brings an end in sight to one of the more frustrating chapters of Swansea’s recent regeneration.

    A corner retail unit beneath the Copr Bay North car park on Cupid Way. (Image: Swansea Bay News)

    A four-year wait

    The car park is part of the council’s £135m Copr Bay scheme, which delivered the Swansea Arena, a block of flats, a coastal park and the landmark bridge over Oystermouth Road when it opened in March 2022.

    The district has not been without parking in the meantime. The Copr Bay South car park, next to the Arena and beneath Mary Dilwyn Park, opened alongside the venue in 2022. It is the larger Copr Bay North multi-storey, on the other side of Oystermouth Road, that has been held up.

    It was meant to follow soon after the rest of the scheme. But the original contractor, Buckingham Group, went into administration in 2023, leaving the half-finished structure in limbo.

    Progress since then has been slow, with contractor Andrew Scott brought in to complete the work left unfinished.

    Council leader Rob Stewart told the meeting that money held back within the original Copr Bay contract — set aside in an escrow account to cover the risk of exactly this kind of contractor failure — “remains sufficient” to cover the cost of finishing the job.

    The council says it has also secured a £4.8m Welsh Government grant towards the car park and its retail units.

    The curved glazed frontage at the base of the new Copr Bay North car park. (Image: Swansea Bay News)

    Scaffolding finally came off the building earlier this year, and the council now expects it to be finished next month.

    Officers told the meeting that once the opening date is confirmed — expected “very, very shortly” — the council will move quickly to demolish the neighbouring St David’s multi-storey car park, which has remained in use throughout and sits right beside the new building, separated only by Cupid Way.

    The ageing structure is to come down once Copr Bay North takes over — part of the wider regeneration of that site, which we will look at separately.

    Andrew Scott vans on site, with the ageing St David’s multi-storey car park behind — due for demolition once Copr Bay North opens. (Image: Swansea Bay News)Unit 10 on Cupid Way, one of the five units beneath the car park still standing empty four years on. (Image: Swansea Bay News)

    The shops that never came

    Built into the car park are five retail units along Cupid Way — and their story has been a frustrating one.

    When the units were first marketed, the council announced a line-up of mostly local food and drink traders, including Ammanford-based Coaltown Coffee, alongside FrozziYo Frozen Yoghurt and KoKoDoo Korean Fried Chicken, as well as Imperial Candy.

    In the end, none took up their Cupid Way unit.

    Coaltown Coffee did not open in the city centre, though it continues to trade at its sites in Ammanford and Pontarddulais.

    FrozziYo instead opened on the Kingsway, while KoKoDoo Korean Fried Chicken opened on Wind Street.

    Imperial Candy — a sister brand to Imperial Desserts on High Street, run by local businessman Ammar Alabtah — did not open.

    Cupid Way itself carries a piece of local history: it is named after Cyril Cupid, a record-breaking Swansea sprinter of the 1930s.

    The council’s regeneration strategic manager, Lee Richards, told the panel that marketing of the units had restarted now an opening date was in sight, and that there were already “two very strong interests” for two of them.

    He said it was “quite a positive position”, with the council hopeful of securing tenants for the rest “quite quickly”.

    The heritage board on the Cupid Way hoardings telling the story of Swansea sprinter Cyril Cupid. (Image: Swansea Bay News)

    What happens next

    For now, the milestone residents have waited years for is the car park itself, with an opening date expected within weeks.

    Whether the shop units below it finally come to life is the next test for a corner of the city centre that has promised much, but so far delivered slowly.

    The Copr Bay North car park, with its copper-fin façade, nearing completion beside Swansea Arena. (Image: Swansea Bay News)

    Related stories from Swansea Bay News

    Scaffolding comes down on stalled Copr Bay car park
    The half-finished multi-storey began to take shape again earlier this year after its contractor collapsed.

    Opening date set for Swansea’s £135m Copr Bay district
    The arena, coastal park and bridge over Oystermouth Road opened to the public in March 2022.

    The traders lined up for Cupid Way
    Coaltown Coffee was among the local food and drink names announced for the new units.

    Food and drink chalets open at Copr Bay
    FrozziYo and KoKoDoo were among the early arrivals on the Arena side of the bridge.

    #AndrewScottLtd #CoprBay #CoprBayCarPark #CupidWay #regeneration #Swansea #SwanseaArena #SwanseaCityCentre #SwanseaCouncil
  8. KINGSWAY: Beloved Welsh indie record shop Tangled Parrot moves between two regeneration sites as it picks new flagship location

    One of Wales’s longest-running independent record shops is moving across Swansea city centre — and choosing a building delivered by the same housing association that owns its current location.

    Tangled Parrot, founded by Matt Davies as a stall in Carmarthen Market in April 2000, is moving from its existing space on Swansea High Street to a dedicated standalone unit at 61 Kingsway. The new store is expected to open before the end of June.

    Announcing the move on Instagram, Mr Davies described it as “the most difficult post I’ve had to make in 26 years of running Tangled Parrot” — a reflection of the difficult decision to close the original Carmarthen store at the same time.

    A move between two Beacon regeneration sites

    Both locations sit within the regeneration footprint of Beacon Cymru — the housing association formerly known as Coastal Housing, which has spent more than a decade rebuilding the commercial and residential offer along High Street and is now extending the same model to the Kingsway.

    Beacon’s £100 million-plus High Street investment programme has steadily brought derelict and underused buildings back into use through mixed-tenure schemes, anchoring what is now known as the High Street Urban Village.

    The Kingsway location continues the same pattern. Work began in September 2024 to transform the long-vacant former McDonalds at 61 Kingsway — closed since 2010 — into seven apartments for social rent across the upper floors, with two ground floor commercial units fronting onto the Kingsway and Park Street respectively. Tangled Parrot is taking the Kingsway-facing unit.

    Beacon Cymru’s then regeneration manager Andrew Parry-Jones said at the time that the McDonalds redevelopment would be the first in a series of city centre projects. Tangled Parrot is now the first significant commercial tenant to take that space.

    A bigger Swansea presence

    Mr Davies explained the choice of unit on Instagram. “61 Kingsway — a more central location than our current shop on High Street,” he wrote. “There will also be a café space which will be run by a friend… allowing us to do more frequent and bigger events in the shop space.”

    The Kingsway location is substantially larger than the previous space at Alleyway Coffee on High Street, allowing Tangled Parrot to run more frequent and bigger events in its own dedicated venue.

    Mr Davies framed the move as a deliberate strategic shift. “I’m looking on it overall as a positive move allowing the business to become more focused, to expand our online operation and to collaborate on events with other like-minded folk in the Swansea area,” he wrote.

    The shop is known for stocking both new and second-hand records and CDs, with an emphasis on music from the fringes — and sometimes extremes — of the industry, rather than mainstream chart releases.

    A growing independent cluster

    Tangled Parrot joins what is now a noticeable cluster of independent businesses along the Kingsway. The Bunkhouse — the independent music venue, hostel and café — has already welcomed the news on social media, jokingly offering to lend their new neighbours sugar.

    The Kingsway has been the focus of one of the most significant city centre regeneration programmes in Swansea’s recent history. The £1 billion Copr Bay scheme at the street’s eastern end has been the most visible component, but a quieter pattern of housing-association-led mixed-use redevelopment is reshaping the street’s western stretch.

    The arrival of a 26-year-old indie record store reflects the growing confidence in the street’s independent commercial offer — a different proposition to the chain-driven retail of the Quadrant Shopping Centre or out-of-town parks like Parc Fforestfach.

    The Carmarthen back-story

    The Swansea move comes alongside the closure of the original Carmarthen shop, where the business began.

    Mr Davies has described the decision to leave Carmarthen as one that took nearly two years to reach. “I have a lot of attachment to Carmarthen,” he wrote. “The town has been good to myself and the shop, and it also nurtured the venue The Parrot before the established CWRW. I’ve made a great many friends in the town and surrounding areas through the shop and I will miss it.”

    He cited wider economic pressures as the underlying driver. “The last few years have been difficult in many ways not least economically with the pressures that all retail businesses face nowadays — rising costs across the board and the changing shopping habits affecting basic footfall,” he wrote.

    The Carmarthen store will close on 30 May 2026 after a closing sale to lighten the load before the move. A separate Tangled Parrot location in Hay-on-Wye will continue trading unaffected.

    The Carmarthen closure leaves a gap in the town’s independent music scene — though Mr Davies has suggested that Dales Music Store, currently based in Tenby, may be planning a move to fill it.

    Closing dates and farewell

    Tangled Parrot will close its Swansea High Street location for the final time on Wednesday 27 May, with the Carmarthen store remaining open through to the 30 May final day. Both stores will operate normal opening hours in the meantime.

    In a video posted to Instagram, longstanding team member Rich shared an emotional farewell to the Carmarthen shop ahead of its closure, reflecting on what the store had meant to him and to customers over the years — and recalling earlier Tangled Parrot homes including the original market stall in 2000 and a previous Bridge Street location, before the current King Street unit. The new Swansea store is expected to open sometime in June.

    A win for Beacon, a win for Swansea

    For Swansea, the arrival is a clear win. An independent business with 26 years of history, a loyal customer base across south Wales, and a niche cultural offer that’s hard to replicate is choosing the city centre at exactly the moment the Kingsway is finding its post-regeneration identity.

    It’s also a small but telling win for Beacon Cymru’s slow-build approach to city centre regeneration. The housing association now anchors much of High Street’s commercial offer, has delivered the first major Kingsway commercial space since the Copr Bay phase, and has retained one of its longstanding tenants through that transition rather than losing it.

    Signing off his Instagram announcement, Mr Davies quoted a phrase associated with the late DJ and producer Andrew Weatherall: “Fail we may, sail we must.”

    Related stories from Swansea Bay News

    Kingsway revival continues as work starts on former McDonalds site
    Our September 2024 report on the start of work at the 61 Kingsway redevelopment.

    The £100m investment that’s transforming Swansea’s High Street
    Our March 2024 feature on Beacon Cymru’s wider High Street programme.

    Copr Bay coverage from Swansea Bay News
    Our ongoing reporting on the £1 billion city centre regeneration scheme.

    #BeaconCymru #Bunkhouse #CoastalHousing #CoprBay #Kingsway #regeneration #retail #Swansea #SwanseaCityCentre #TangledParrot
  9. ‘The environmental movement needs many hands’: saving Australia’s biodiversity is getting personal

    Powered by individual donations and bequests, the country now has one of the world’s largest networks of privately protected and managed land

    by James Norman, Fri 17 Apr 2026

    Excerpt: "Over three decades later, #BushHeritage today owns and protects 45 bought or gifted bush reserves around #Australia – covering more than 1.4m hectares of land and providing habitat for over 9,000 native species. Working with #FirstNations communities and farmers, it supports the management of an additional 20.5m hectares beyond what it owns directly.

    " 'Some of Australia’s most threatened and fragile #ecosystems and #wildlife sit outside of the national reserve system,' says Rachel Lowry, Bush Heritage Australia’s chief executive officer.

    " 'They’re found on private land or pastoral country, and they may have deep cultural and ecological values, but they’re not protected from threats such as #LandClearing, #mining or #InvasiveSpecies.'

    "The organisation reports a rise in the number of personal bequests, from 2,500 in 2022 to more than 4,600 bequests last year. Lowry puts the increase down to a personal desire to have a meaningful impact on the worsening global climate and #biodiversity crisis.

    "Bush Heritage’s model has inspired other groups around Australia to acquire and conserve lands and forests of significant ecological value. One such example is the #NorthEastTasmania #LandTrust (#NETLT), which secretary Dr Christine Hosking describes as 'a microcosm of Bush Heritage'.

    "Formed in 2009, the organisation manages donated land through weed control and regeneration of the native environment.

    " 'Currently, we have 10 acres [4 hectares] of endangered eucalyptus forest in #BinalongBay that adjoins the #BayOfFires #Conservation Area, and a smaller patch of coastal habitat for the endangered swift parrot,' she says."

    #SolarPunkSunday #LandConservation #EndangeredSpecies #ClimateCrisis #ProtectTheForest #ProtectTheForests #Regeneration #PreserveNature #Conservationists #IndigenousAustralians #TraditionalLandManagement

  10. One Million Cheers! Arena smashes visitor record as stars flock to city

    The milestone highlights the arena’s rapid rise as a major draw for live events, conferences, and community gatherings, contributing significantly to the city’s ongoing regeneration efforts.

    The venue, a central component of the Copr Bay development, was built by Swansea Council and received part-funding from the Swansea Bay City Deal. It is operated by ATG Entertainment.

    Swansea Council Leader Cllr Rob Stewart commented on the achievement: “Welcoming one million visitors in just a few years is a fantastic milestone for the Swansea Building Society Arena.”

    He added that the arena has “quickly established itself as one of the most important cultural and economic assets in our city, attracting audiences from across Wales and beyond.”

    Beyond the headline acts, the arena also hosts a variety of other events, including exhibitions, graduations, and local community activities, which are credited with increasing footfall and activity in the Copr Bay area.

    Matt Blackhouse, Venue Director (left), and Cllr Rob Stewart, Leader of Swansea Council (right), discuss the arena’s success. (Image: Swansea Council)

    Matt Blackhouse, Venue Director at the Swansea Building Society Arena, acknowledged the diverse programming: “Reaching the one million visitor mark is a huge moment for the arena which reflects the wide range of events that have taken place here since opening.”

    He noted that the venue has hosted “live music, comedy, theatre, conferences, banquets and graduations, as well as creative learning activities and community events.”

    Since its opening, the arena has attracted numerous high-profile performers, including The Manic Street Preachers, Bob Dylan, and Wet Wet Wet. Comedians such as John Bishop have also performed, alongside touring productions like Riverdance and Mamma Mia.

    A large crowd enjoys a performance inside the Swansea Building Society Arena. (Image: Swansea Council)

    Upcoming events for 2026 and beyond include performances by 10cc, comedian Russell Howard, and Ocean Colour Scene, indicating a continued busy schedule for the venue.

    The arena’s success is frequently cited by the local authority as evidence of the positive impact of investment in cultural infrastructure on the city’s economy and reputation.

    Related stories from Swansea Bay News

    Jack Whitehall announces Swansea date on huge 2027 arena tour
    Another major name added to the growing list of acts choosing Swansea for big‑ticket shows.

    Swansea Arena nears million milestone as star acts line up
    The venue edges towards a landmark year as more high‑profile performers head to the city.

    Squeeze set for Swansea Arena date on 2026 UK tour
    The latest addition to a packed touring calendar bringing big‑name music back to Swansea.

    Swansea events venue changes name in multi‑year partnership
    A major rebrand for the city’s flagship venue as it strengthens its long‑term future.

    #Arena #comedy #CoprBay #entertainment #events #Music #regeneration #Swansea #SwanseaArena #SwanseaBuildingSocietyArena #SwanseaCouncil #Visitors
  11. Spirituality & Religious Studies @spiritualityreligiousstudies.wordpress.com@spiritualityreligiousstudies.wordpress.com ·

    Eternal Security

    This is also known as “once saved, always saved.” It’s the belief giving Christian believers with an absolute assurance of their final salvation.

    Its development, especially in Protestantism, has given rise to a plethora of different interpretations. Especially when defining aspects of determinism, libertarian free will & the significance of personal perseverance.

    In the early 5th century, Augustinian soteriology views of predestination by predetermination came about, they didn’t validate Eternal Security. Soteriology is the doctrine of salvation.

    By the 16th century, this idea became meshed into the theology of John Calvin & other reformers. Calvinist circles initially embraced Eternal Security under the name of “perseverance of the saints.” Eventually, the name became a synonym of the Calvinist doctrine of perseverance independent of its practical interpretations.

    Then in the early 20th century, Eternal Security started to become a defining doctrine of Southern Baptist traditionalism. Around the same time, it also became a part of Plymouth Brethren theology. In this, the 2 forms represents its main form today.

    In the 1980s, the Free Grace movement voiced that Eternal Grace was independent of the idea of the “Hyper-Grace” idea.

    Eternal Security is based on the faith that the believer is an elect by divine determination. This is in Calvinist circles & has the minority worldview.

    In some non-Calvinist circles & the prevailing worldview, Eternal Security is based on the faith that regeneration leads to unconditional perseverance & then salvation.

    In other non-Calvinist circles & currently growing in the Free Grace views, Eternal Security is based on the faith that regeneration leads to salvation independent of perseverance.

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    #16thCentury #1980s #5thCentury #Augustinians #Calvinist #Christian #Determinism #DivineDetermination #Early20thCentury #EternalSecurity #FreeGraceMovement #HyperGrace #JohnCalvin #LibertarianFreeWill #Perseverance #PerseveranceOfTheSaints #PlymouthBrethen #Predestination #Protestantism #Reformers #Regeneration #Salvation #Soteriology #SouthernBaptist #SouthernBaptistTraditionalism

  12. 'Field work' on the hydrology at a portion of the US continental divide in Colorado. 😉😁
    Twee maybe, but don't forget to live life now too, use that leave...
    #water #hydrology #work #leisure #leave #goodforthesoul #professional #daysoff #regeneration #hippydippy #water #snow #skiing #lovelandskiarea #continentaldivide #notHoth

  13. #ArtAdventCalendar Day 21 #WinterSolstice #MidWinter here #MidSummer for those on the currently sunny side of the globe!
    In the North we celebrate the beginning of the slow return of #Saule #Sun but don't forget to give #Darkness its due: life, #regeneration begins in the darkness of blood, soil, womb, heart, brain! Darkness is #rest #nest Take time to repose and #reflect and appreciate the long quiet nights.
    #AncientWays #pagan #animist #GoddessCulture #Latvian #Ragana #Alberta #WinterBright

  14. A preview of the improvised masks I made for #WinterSolstice Tomorrow is a work day, so I plan to drag the Jul log today- these masks are for that- though prob just for a photo op as they aren't super functional..lol- just paper + measurements weren't what they might have been, but lessons learned! #Ragana #Baltic #Goddess of #nature #balance #death and #regeneration is strongest at the time of Winter Solstice; we celebrate her #darkness + #Saule #Sun we #celebrate the beginning of her return

  15. Upon the event of my pathetically over-booked #apotheosis I #need to be addressed as #Dahl #E #Pardon.

    It will streamline the new character sheet #regeneration #process considerably.

    🎼🎶And all #our #pronouns shall #bleed into #we. 🎼🕛⚧️🪄

  16. If you're familiar with #EasternHemlock #forests then you might picture them as a closed #canopy with sparse vegetation in the #understory.

    But when a fallen tree opens up that canopy, the #gap supports a profusion of #regeneration.

    youtu.be/KUwmGSudKHg

    Very cool to find this understory #heterogeneity at #RBWinterStatePark in #Pennsylvania.

    #ecology #succession

  17. A healing #wound is a microcosm of many cell states found during #organogenesis. In addition to dead and dying cells, one may find proliferating cells, migrating cells, and cells that are differentiating or switching fate. How is this multitude of cell states, often mutually exclusive, established and maintained for successful repair and #regeneration?

    --from Primer by Tin Tin Su in @PLOSBiology

    #developmentalbiology
    #differentiation
    #cellfate

    journals.plos.org/plosbiology/

  18. CW: Using Human Pluripotent Stem Cells to Create Human Skeletal Muscle Organoids for Repair and Regeneration

    Skeletal #muscle is a type of tissue that makes up a large part of the human body. It is made up of many different cells that are able to contract and move. Skeletal muscle has the ability to #repair itself when it is damaged due to #aging, exercise, or diseases like #MuscularDystrophy. A small group of cells called #SatelliteCell s help with the repair process. Scientists have been trying to create models to study how #Skeletalmuscle develops and regenerates. Recently, they have been using human pluripotent #StemCell to create 3D models of skeletal muscle tissue. However, these models have not been able to recreate the full process of muscle regeneration. In this research paper, the authors introduce a new method of using human pluripotent stem cells to create 3D models of skeletal muscle tissue that can retain the ability to repair itself.

    Over the past decades, scientists have used #animalmodel to study #muscleregeneration, which is regulated by #stemcell s. These animal models have been very helpful in understanding the mechanisms of muscle #regeneration, but they don't always accurately reflect the same range of diseases that humans experience. Therefore, researchers have suggested creating reliable in vitro models using human muscle cells. ( #hPSC s) could be used to create 3D human skeletal muscle #organoid s ( #hSkMO s) that contain sustainable #stemcell and distinct myofibers with the same proteins and structure as adult muscles. Previous approaches to skeletal muscle differentiation have been developed using 2D #culture systems, but these lack the natural environment and #StemCell niche that are necessary to model adult #myogenesis and muscle #regeneration.

    #Stemcell s ( #SC s) can be used to repair damaged muscle tissue. They explain that SCs can be activated in response to muscle injuries and that other #cell types can contribute to the process of #myogenesis. The author then goes on to explain that #cytokine s, such as IL-4, can influence the #InflammatorySystem and promote SCs differentiation, which helps with muscle regeneration. While #organoid s generated from #hPSC s have potential, they do not fully replicate the in vivo native microenvironment. To address this, treat the #hSkMO s with extrinsic #cytokine s to promote #muscle #regeneration . #hSkMO s might then be used to study aspects of human muscle #biology and to identify novel #therapeutic candidates for muscle-wasting disorders.

    To create a 3D structure of muscle tissue. They used #WNT activator and #BMP inhibitors at the beginning of the differentiation process to induce paraxial #mesodermal #cell s. They then added #FGF2 to the Matrigel to promote the 3D structure. #HGF and IGF1 were added later to accelerate the #myogenic specification and further #myofiber differentiation. They optimized the timing of the Matrigel embedding to day seven. After this, they observed #neuralcell s and withdrew FGF2 to focus on muscle tissue development. They then prolonged the HGF and IGF1 treatment to propagate #myogenic #progenitor s. They found that 62% of the #tissue was #skeletalmuscle tissue and that it contained PAX7+ #myogenic #stem / #progenitor cells, MYOD+ activated/committed #myoblast s, and MYOG+ #myocyte s. They also found that 31% of PAX7+/Ki67− and 29% of MYOD−/PAX7+ non-dividing quiescent SCs were present in the mature #hSkMO s. This indicates that the #hSkMO s were able to effectively recreate #embryo nic #myogenesis and have regenerative potential. Future studies using #singlecell #RNA sequencing may be necessary to further characterize the different types of cells in #hSkMO s.

    The stepwise process to generate human skeletal muscle organoid s (hSkMOs) from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs)

    The process begins with dissociating #hPSC s into #singlecell s and allowing them to form #embryoid bodies ( #EB s) in low-attachment V-shaped 96-well plates. Then, paraxial #mesodermal differentiation is promoted with #WNT activation, BMP inhibition, and FGF2 signaling. The expression of pluripotency markers OCT4 and NANOG decreases, and the expression of #mesoderm markers Brachyury, T-Box transcription factor 6 (TBX6), and mesogenin 1 (MSGN1) increases. To further characterize paraxial #mesoderm al differentiation, TBX6 is #immunostain ed. After paraxial #mesodermal induction, the #organoid s are embedded with growth factor-reduced Matrigel and transferred to a six-well plate on an orbital shaker. Growth factors are then added to the #myogenic specification media, and #hSkMO s are cultured until the day of analysis. The orbital shaker improves the viability, survival, and differentiation of hSkMOs by increasing the penetration rate of oxygen and nutrients into the core area of hSkMOs. The #hSkMOs gradually grow to more than 1.5 mm in diameter by day 60, appearing round-shaped, uniformly sized, and having relatively homogenous morphology. PAX3 and PAX7 are #myogenic progenitor markers, and their expression is verified by qRT-PCR and #cryo sections. The #myogenic cells appear as clusters, and approximately 9% of PAX7+ cells are double-positive for Ki67 at day 30, demonstrating that proliferating cells are #myogenic #progenitor s in hSkMOs. This indicates that the in vitro #hSkMO #culturesystem is able to recapitulate the features of embryonic skeletal #muscle development.

    The different types of #SkeletalMuscle stem/progenitor cells that are involved in myogenesis, the process of muscle formation.

    The researchers used qRT-PCR analysis and #immunohistochemistry to identify and characterize the different types of cells. They found that PAX3 and PAX7 (SC markers) were the major population during the early stage of #myogenesis, and that MYOD (proliferating and activated SC marker) and MYOG (differentiated myocyte marker) increased over time. They also observed that MYOD−/PAX7+, MYOD+/PAX7+, and MYOD+/Ki67+ cells accounted for 29%, 6%, and 8% of the putative quiescent, activated, and proliferating #SC s, respectively. MYOD+/PAX7− cells constituted 39% of differentiating myoblasts, and MYOG−/PAX7+ cells constituted 23% of putative quiescent SCs. MYOG+/PAX7− cells accounted for 30% of differentiated #myocyte s, and 8% and 6% of the MYOG+ cells in #hSkMO s co-expressed PAX7 and Ki67, respectively. This data shows that the researchers were able to identify and characterize different types of skeletal muscle stem/progenitor cells during #myogenesis.

    The text is discussing the results of a research study that used hSkMOs (human skeletal muscle #organoid s) to study the development of skeletal muscle #tissue. The study found that the #hSkMO s grew exponentially in size within two months, and the growth rate then steadily decreased. The researchers then used scanning electron microscopy (SEM) imaging and confocal microscopy to examine the cytoarchitecture of the hSkMOs. They found that the hSkMOs contained a large population of terminally differentiated #myogenic cells and a small population of preserved myogenic stem/progenitor cells. They also found that the hSkMOs contained a substantial proportion of TITIN+ muscle cells and MAP2-positive #neuron s. To further characterize the presence of sustainable stem cells within the mature hSkMOs, they quantified the amount of dormant stem cells by #confocal #microscopy imaging. The results showed that approximately 56%, 31%, and 5% of PAX7+/Ki67- putative dormant stem cells existed throughout the differentiation of hSkMOs at days 30, 70, and 130, respectively. This indicates that the hSkMOs contained mature skeletal muscle properties and had the potential for #regeneration .

    The researchers wanted to see if the #hSkMO s (human #skeletal muscle #organoid s) had the ability to regenerate #muscle #tissue after damage. To test this, they treated the hSkMOs with a cardiotoxin (CTX) which is known to induce muscle inflammation and damage. They then observed a decrease in PAX7+ and MYOD+ cells in the hSkMOs. To further test the #regenerative potential of the #hSkMO s, they added interleukin-4 (IL-4) to the medium to promote #muscleregeneration. After 14 days, they observed a significant increase in MYOG+ myocytes in the CTX-injured hSkMOs with the treatment of IL-4 compared to the CTX-injured hSkMOs without the treatment. This suggests that the hSkMOs have the potential to regenerate muscle tissue after damage.

    #explainpaper

    Generation of Skeletal Muscle Organoids from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells to Model Myogenesis and Muscle Regeneration

    Authors :

    Min-Kyoung Shin , Jin Seok Bang , Jeoung Eun Lee , Hoang-Dai Tran , Genehong Park , Dong Ryul Lee and Junghyun Jo