#early-20th-century — Public Fediverse posts

Constantine Maleas
Pines at Rafina
1920
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#landscape #ConstantineMaleas #early20thcentury #art #painting

Constantine Maleas
View of Methana
1920
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#landscape #early20thcentury #ConstantineMaleas #art #painting

Wassily Kandinsky
Park of St Cloud
1906
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#landscape #WassilyKandinsky #early20thcentury #art #painting

Wassily Kandinsky
Couple Riding
1906
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#WassilyKandinsky #expressionism #early20thcentury #art #painting

Congregation of the Holy Spirit

Officially known as: the Congregation of the Holy Spirit under the protection of the Immaculate Heart of the Virgin Mary. Or in Latin: Congregatio Beatissimae Virginis Mariae.

This is a religious congregation for men in the Catholic Church. Members are known as Holy Ghost Fathers. Or in continental Europe, & the Anglosphere, as Spiritans. Members use the postnominals: CSSp. Postnominals are letters placed after a person’s name to signify academic degrees, professional qualifications, awards, military decorations, or honorific titles (like PhD).

The order began in Paris on Pentecost Sunday, 1703. Claude Poullart des Places was a wealthy young lawyer who abandoned his social standing to become a priest. He wanted to form a religious institute for young men who wanted to become priests but were too poor to do so.

Unlike orders that focused on the elite, Claude was moved by the plight of “poor scholars.” HIs vision was a “proletariat” clergy. Priests assignments in hospitals, rural parishes, & overseas missions.

Claude was born on February 26, 1679 in the capital city of Brittany, France: Rennes. Claude was tutored at home before being enrolled at the age of 9-10 as a day student in the nearby Jesuit college of St. Thomas. Thus beginning his lifelong association with the Society of Jesus.

Graduating at 16, Claude studied at the University of Caen, Normandy. Before graduating at 22, with a Licentiate in Law from the Law School of Nantes. A licentiate in law is an individual holding an academic degree or professional certification. This is usually below a doctorate but above a bachelor’s, that authorizes them to practice law.

In 1701, Claude Poullart began his studies for the priesthood, as a boarder at the Jesuit College in Paris. His work grew quickly. The Order developed. However, Claude passed away at 29, or 31 depending on the source, of pleurisy after founding the order.

After the founder’s death, the order became fully organized. In 1765, the South American missions, in colonies such as China, Cambodia, Vietnam, Thailand (Siam), & India under the support of the Paris Foreign missionaries arrived in Senegal, Africa.

Those in France served in various dioceses or alongside the de Montfont missionaries. This was due to the close friendship between Poullart & Louis de Montfont. The Order had trained 1,300 priests in the years leading up to 1792, when the seminary was suppressed by the French Revolution. The French Revolution saw the Spiritans have their property seized & many were executed or exiled to England, Italy, & Switzerland.

After the French Revolution only 1 member remained, James Bertout. He survived a series of hardships like being shipwrecked on his way to his destined mission in French Guiana, enslaved by the Moors, & a short stay in Senegal (where he had been sold to the English).

On his return to France, he reestablished the Order & continued its work. But he found it VERY hard to recover sufficiently from the effects caused by the Revolution.

In 1841/1842, Francis Liberman founded the Society of the Holy Heart of Mary (a.k.a. Society of the Immaculate Heart of Mary) This society is/was dedicated to serve mainly the emancipated black slaves in the French colonies. Particularly in Africa & the Caribbean.

In 1848, the Holy See asked Liberman to merge his relatively new society with the struggling Congregation of the Holy Spirit. Lieberman was made the 1st Superior General of the united groups. This effectively saving the Spiritan name & legacy.

Liberman’s approach to missionary work was revolutionary from the time. He instructed his missionaries not to “Europeanize” the people they served. Besides the missions in Africa, the society started missions in Mauritius, Reunion, & the Rodriguez Islands. In the Western Hemisphere, they had missions in Trinidad, Martinique, Guadeloupe, Haiti, & Amazonia.

The Spiritans arrived in the United States in 1972, fleeing the Kulturkampf (persecution of Catholics) in Germany. They found a home in industrial heartlands, particularly Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.

The Order is known in the United States for founding Duquesne University in 1878. This university was originally established to provide an education to the kids of poor immigrants working in the steel mills. It grew into a major research institution. The university’s motto (Spiritus est qui vivificat, “It is the Spirit who gives life”) reflects the order’s charism.

By the early 20th century the organization into the following provinces: France, Ireland, Portugal, United States of America, & Germany.

On December 31, 1961, 20 Spiritans: 19 Belgians & 1 Dutch man, were unalived in Kongolo (in what is now the Democratic Republic of the Congo) by government troops during the Katanga Secession Rebellion.

In Rome, on April 24, 1979, Pope John Paul II presided over the beautification ceremony for Jacques-Desire Laval. The 1st member of the Spiritans to be honored.

Today, there are about 3,000 Spiritans serving in over 60 countries. They’re often associated with schools & chaplaincy, & missionary work.

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Vintage Postcard Cats Cat

https://www.cpaphil.com/en/products/vintage-postcard-cats-cat

#VintagePostcard #AntiquePostcard #CatPostcard #VintageCats #CatArt #FelineIllustration #AnimalPostcard #ClassicPostcard #Early20thCentury #NostalgicArt #OldIllustration #PostcardArt

To all of you! A happy holidays.
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1917 Christmas Greetings Postcard
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#ChristmasPostcard #HolidayEphemera #VintagePostcard #AntiquePostcard #Early20thCentury #WinterScene #SnowLandscape #IllustratedPostcard #HolidayGreeting #PaperEphemera #HistoricPostcard #SeasonalArt #GreetingCardHistory #PrintedEphemera #PostcardCollection #Retro #Vintage

Victor Borisov-Musatov
Woman in a Yellow Shawl
1904
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#VictorBorisovMusatov #early20thcentury #RussianSymbolism #art #painting

Pyotr Konchalovsky
Bridge
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#PyotrKonchalovsky #landscape #early20thcentury #art #painting

1918 Royal Baking Powder with Cake recipes.
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#RoyalBakingPowder #VintageAd #1918Advertising #MochaLayerCake #JellyLayerCake #WWIHomeFront #BakingHistory #RetroRecipes #LadiesHomeJournal #FoodEphemera #VintageCooking #Early20thCentury #BakingHeritage #AmericanHomeBaking #HistoricalAdvertisement #retro #vintage

Moise Kisling
Woman with Brown Hair
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#MoiseKisling #figurativeart #early20thcentury #art #painting

Moise Kisling
Flowers
1919
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#MoiseKisling #stilllife #early20thcentury #art #painting

Jan Sluyters
Study of the Bal Tarbarin
1907
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#JanSluyters #Early20thCentury #Expressionism #art #painting

Henri Matisse
Portrait of Michael Stein
1916
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#HenriMatisse #portrait #early20thcentury #art #painting

Edouard Vuillard
Sacha Guitry in his dressing room
1912
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#early20thcentury #EdouardVuillard #SachaGuitry #art #painting

Édouard Vuillard
Massif Near the House
1907
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#ÉdouardVuillard #landscape #early20thcentury #art #painting

Eternal Security

This is also known as “once saved, always saved.” It’s the belief giving Christian believers with an absolute assurance of their final salvation.

Its development, especially in Protestantism, has given rise to a plethora of different interpretations. Especially when defining aspects of determinism, libertarian free will & the significance of personal perseverance.

In the early 5th century, Augustinian soteriology views of predestination by predetermination came about, they didn’t validate Eternal Security. Soteriology is the doctrine of salvation.

By the 16th century, this idea became meshed into the theology of John Calvin & other reformers. Calvinist circles initially embraced Eternal Security under the name of “perseverance of the saints.” Eventually, the name became a synonym of the Calvinist doctrine of perseverance independent of its practical interpretations.

Then in the early 20th century, Eternal Security started to become a defining doctrine of Southern Baptist traditionalism. Around the same time, it also became a part of Plymouth Brethren theology. In this, the 2 forms represents its main form today.

In the 1980s, the Free Grace movement voiced that Eternal Grace was independent of the idea of the “Hyper-Grace” idea.

Eternal Security is based on the faith that the believer is an elect by divine determination. This is in Calvinist circles & has the minority worldview.

In some non-Calvinist circles & the prevailing worldview, Eternal Security is based on the faith that regeneration leads to unconditional perseverance & then salvation.

In other non-Calvinist circles & currently growing in the Free Grace views, Eternal Security is based on the faith that regeneration leads to salvation independent of perseverance.

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#16thCentury #1980s #5thCentury #Augustinians #Calvinist #Christian #Determinism #DivineDetermination #Early20thCentury #EternalSecurity #FreeGraceMovement #HyperGrace #JohnCalvin #LibertarianFreeWill #Perseverance #PerseveranceOfTheSaints #PlymouthBrethen #Predestination #Protestantism #Reformers #Regeneration #Salvation #Soteriology #SouthernBaptist #SouthernBaptistTraditionalism

Constantine Maleas
Maleas Chapel with Tree
1920
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#ConstantineMaleas #landscape #early20thcentury #art #painting

Wassily Kandinsky
Volga Song
1906
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#abstractexpressionism #WassilyKandinsky #early20thcentury #art #painting

Wassily Kandinsky
Santa Marguerite
1906
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#WassilyKandinsky #landscape #early20thcentury #art #painting

Wassily Kandinsky
Park of St. Cloud with Horseman
1906
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#WassilyKandinsky #expressionism #early20thcentury #art #painting

Wassily Kandinsky
Old Town II
1902
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#WassilyKandinsky #abstractlandscape #early20thcentury #art #painting

Wassily Kandinsky
Couple Riding
1906
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#WassilyKandinsky #early20thcentury #expressionism #art #painting

🟡 Josephine Baker La Sirène des Tropiques, Movie Poster 1927⁣
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#Early20thCentury, #Film, #France, #JosephineBaker, #Movies, #PosterArt⁣
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Vintage ◦ Classic ◦ Historical | Art ◦ Design ◦ Inspiration | Restored ◦ Enhanced ◦ Remixed⁣
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Prints, T-Shirts, Stickers, & More by @rocketshipretro via RedBubble → https://bigplanetprints.com/go/VJ0LTL

🟡 Chicago, North Dearborn Street 1931 Donald Shaw MacLaughlan⁣
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#Buildings, #Chicago, #City, #DonaldShawMaclaughlan, #Early20thCentury, #StreetScene⁣
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Vintage ◦ Classic ◦ Historical | Art ◦ Design ◦ Inspiration | Restored ◦ Enhanced ◦ Remixed⁣
⁣
Prints, T-Shirts, Stickers, & More by @rocketshipretro via RedBubble → https://bigplanetprints.com/go/JzYXBf

🟡 Pair of Black Panthers 1917  Bernard Willem Wierink⁣
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#animals, #BernardWillemWierink, #Cats, #Dutch, #Early20thCentury, #Jungle, #Panthers, #Wild⁣
⁣
Vintage ◦ Classic ◦ Historical | Art ◦ Design ◦ Inspiration | Restored ◦ Enhanced ◦ Remixed⁣
⁣
Prints, T-Shirts, Stickers, & More by @rocketshipretro via RedBubble → https://bigplanetprints.com/go/FvKnHN

🟡 Dream Dancer, Woman Draped in Black 1919 Henk Schilling⁣
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#Dancer, #Dutch, #Early20thCentury, #HenkSchilling, #Netherlands, #Woman⁣
⁣
Vintage ◦ Classic ◦ Historical | Art ◦ Design ◦ Inspiration | Restored ◦ Enhanced ◦ Remixed⁣
⁣
Prints, T-Shirts, Stickers, & More by @rocketshipretro via RedBubble → https://bigplanetprints.com/go/B95LCG