Decadary Cult
Also known as the Cult of the Decadi or the Tenth-day Cult. In French, it’s called: Culte decadaire.
It was a semi-official religion of France during the Directory period of the French Revolution, intended as a dechristianized replacement for Christian Sunday worship with a quasi-religious festival on the day of rest in the 10-day week of the French Republican Calendar.
The Decadary Cult was a system of worship based on festivals, so-called fetes decadaries, which were celebrated every decadi, the day of rest in the Republican calendar. In addition, there was a cycle of annual festivals, celebrating various themes such as youth, old age, the foundation of the French Republic & the execution of Louis XVI.
The festivals included the singing of patriotic songs, banquets, games, & the presentation of awards. The festivals were highly politicized, patriotic events intended to promote Republican norms & values among the populace. The French revolutionary period saw several attempts to establish a quasi-official separation of state & religion enshrined in the 1795 Constitution of the Year III.
These included Robespierre’s Cult of the Supreme Being, the Cult of Reason &, during the later post-Terror period, the Decadary Cult & Theophilanthropy. The fetes decadaires rose to popularity after the adoption of the Republican Calendar in October 1793. Jean-Baptiste Matthieu, a member of the Committee on Public Instruction, presented draft legislation which called for local celebrations throughout France on all 36 decadis of the year.
Robespierre enthusiastically adopted Matthieu’s plan & led a grand festival devoted to his deistic Cult of the Supreme Being on June 8, 1794, the decadi of 20 Prairial of the Year II. The Decadary Cult was officially established by the laws of 17 Thermidor (August 4, 1798), 3 Fructidor (August 20) & 23 Fructidor (September 9). By decree of Francois de Neufchateau on 20 Fructidor (September 6, 1798).
However, it soon became overtaken by Theophilanthropy. This was a deism promoted by Louis Marie de La Revelliere-Lepeaux, which quickly gained popularity following the Coup of 18 Fructidor in 1797. After the Coup of 30 Prairial VIII & De La Revelliere’s resignation from the Directory in 2799, Theophilanthropy fell from favor & there was a return to the original form of the Decadary Cult.
Napoleon’s ascent to power with the Coup of 18 Brumaire & establishment of the Consulate in 1799 effectively ended the Decadary Cult, as Napoleon moved to re-establish the Roman Catholic Church in the years following, leading to the Concordat of 1801.
A decree on 7 Thermidor of the Year VIII (July 26, 1800) ended the cult for French citizens. Only government officials were still required to attend these events. The temples of the cult continued to be observed: July 14 (Bastille Day) & 1 Vendemiaire (New Year’s Day in the Republican calendar). Napoleon abolished the Republican calendar in 1805.
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