#reformation — Public Fediverse posts

Im Jahre 1607 kamen zwei evangelisch-lutherische Geistliche mit dem Namen #Andreae nach #Kastellaun im #Hunsrück, ein junger Mann als #Schulmeister, und ein 75-Jaehriger als #Pfarrer. Die Frage ist, waren sie miteinander verwandt? https://proseandpassion.blogspot.com/2026/03/understanding-andreae-connection.html #Familiengeschichte #Kirchengeschichte #Reformation

Im Jahre 1607 kamen zwei evangelisch-lutherische Geistliche mit dem Namen #Andreae nach #Kastellaun im #Hunsrück, ein junger Mann als #Schulmeister, und ein 75-Jaehriger als #Pfarrer. Die Frage ist, waren sie miteinander verwandt? https://proseandpassion.blogspot.com/2026/03/understanding-andreae-connection.html #Familiengeschichte #Kirchengeschichte #Reformation

𝗪𝗜𝗞𝗜𝗣𝗘𝗗𝗜𝗔'𝗦 𝗙𝗘𝗔𝗧𝗨𝗥𝗘𝗗 𝗔𝗥𝗧𝗜𝗖𝗟𝗘

✧ The Voices of Morebath: Reformation and Rebellion in an English Village ✧

The Voices of Morebath: Reformation and Rebellion in an English Village is a 2001 non-fiction book by the historian Eamon Duffy. It concerns Morebath, England, during the English Reformation of the 16th century. Using the churchwarden's account...

#EnglishVillage #PrayerBookRebellion #EnglishReformation #Reformation #Duffy #Wikipedia
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Voices_of_Morebath

𝗪𝗜𝗞𝗜𝗣𝗘𝗗𝗜𝗔'𝗦 𝗙𝗘𝗔𝗧𝗨𝗥𝗘𝗗 𝗔𝗥𝗧𝗜𝗖𝗟𝗘

✧ The Voices of Morebath: Reformation and Rebellion in an English Village ✧

The Voices of Morebath: Reformation and Rebellion in an English Village is a 2001 non-fiction book by the historian Eamon Duffy. It concerns Morebath, England, during the English Reformation of the 16th century. Using the churchwarden's account...

#EnglishVillage #PrayerBookRebellion #EnglishReformation #Reformation #Duffy #Wikipedia
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Voices_of_Morebath

𝗪𝗜𝗞𝗜𝗣𝗘𝗗𝗜𝗔'𝗦 𝗙𝗘𝗔𝗧𝗨𝗥𝗘𝗗 𝗔𝗥𝗧𝗜𝗖𝗟𝗘

✧ The Voices of Morebath: Reformation and Rebellion in an English Village ✧

The Voices of Morebath: Reformation and Rebellion in an English Village is a 2001 non-fiction book by the historian Eamon Duffy. It concerns Morebath, England, during the English Reformation of the 16th century. Using the churchwarden's account...

#EnglishVillage #PrayerBookRebellion #EnglishReformation #Reformation #Duffy #Wikipedia
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Voices_of_Morebath

𝗪𝗜𝗞𝗜𝗣𝗘𝗗𝗜𝗔'𝗦 𝗙𝗘𝗔𝗧𝗨𝗥𝗘𝗗 𝗔𝗥𝗧𝗜𝗖𝗟𝗘

✧ The Voices of Morebath: Reformation and Rebellion in an English Village ✧

The Voices of Morebath: Reformation and Rebellion in an English Village is a 2001 non-fiction book by the historian Eamon Duffy. It concerns Morebath, England, during the English Reformation of the 16th century. Using the churchwarden's account...

#EnglishVillage #PrayerBookRebellion #EnglishReformation #Reformation #Duffy #Wikipedia
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Voices_of_Morebath

𝗪𝗜𝗞𝗜𝗣𝗘𝗗𝗜𝗔'𝗦 𝗙𝗘𝗔𝗧𝗨𝗥𝗘𝗗 𝗔𝗥𝗧𝗜𝗖𝗟𝗘

✧ The Voices of Morebath: Reformation and Rebellion in an English Village ✧

The Voices of Morebath: Reformation and Rebellion in an English Village is a 2001 non-fiction book by the historian Eamon Duffy. It concerns Morebath, England, during the English Reformation of the 16th century. Using the churchwarden's account...

#EnglishVillage #PrayerBookRebellion #EnglishReformation #Reformation #Duffy #Wikipedia
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Voices_of_Morebath

Zum 473. Todestag von Katharina Luther

Katharina von Bora - mehr als nur die Frau von Martin Luther

Sie managte das Lutherhaus, war Luthers Rückgrat und kluge Geschäftsfrau zugleich. Eine wahre Powerfrau der Reformation, die 1552 in Torgau ihr Ende fand.

„Herr Käthe.“
~ Martin Luther ~

Sein Kosename, voller Hochachtung für seine kluge und starke Frau.

📷 : 06·2023 F.loki

#katharinavonbora #katharinaluther #martinluther #torgau #sterbehaus #reformation #Floki_EnjoyTheMoment

#bluelz #games #seriousgames #Reformation #Luther #Spiel #MartinLuther #Reformationstag #Religion #Geschichte Wie jedes Jahr kurz vor dem Reformationstag als Tipp nicht nur für Lehrkräfte, die womöglich gerade Unterricht zum Thema "Martin Luther" machen: /1 schulprojekte-reformation.de/spiel

Spiel | Schulprojekte Reformat...

Apotheosis

This is also called divinization or deification. It’s from the Latin deificato, meaning “making divine.” This is the glorification of a subject to divine levels & commonly, the treatment of a human being, any other living thing, or an abstract idea in the likeness of a deity.

The original sense of apotheosis relates to religion & is the subject of many works of art. Figuratively “apotheosis” may be used in almost any context for “the deification, glorification, or exaltation of a principle, practice, etc.” So normally attached to an abstraction of some sort.

In religion, apotheosis was a feature of many religions in the ancient world. Some that are active today. It requires a belief that there’s a possibility of newly created God’s, so a polytheistic belief system.

The Abrahamic religions of Christianity, Islam, & Judaism don’t allow this. Though many recognize minor sacred categories such as saints. They’re created by a process called canonization. In Christian theology, there’s a concept of the faithful becoming god-like, called divinization or in Eastern Christianity theosis.

In Hinduism, there’s some range for new deities. A human may be deified by becoming regarded as an avatar of an established deity, usually a major one, or by being regarded as a new, independent deity (usually a minor one), or a mix of the 2.

In art, an apotheosis scene usually shows the subject in the Heavens or rising towards them. They’re often partnered by a number of angels, putti, personifications of virtues, or similar figures.

Especially from Baroque art onwards apotheosis scenes may show rulers, generals, or artists purely as an honorific symbol. In many cases, the “religious” context is classical Greco-Roman pagan religion, like The Apotheosis of Voltaire, which features Apollo. The Apotheosis of Washington (1865) sits high in the dome of the United States of America Capitol Building is another example. Personification of places or abstractions are also shown receiving an apotheosis. The classic composition was suited for artistic placement on ceilings or inside domes.

Before the Hellenistic period, imperial cults were known in ancient Egypt (pharaohs) & Mesopotamia (from Naran-Sin through Hammurabi). In the New Kingdom of Egypt, all deceased pharaohs were deified as the god Osiris, having been identified as Horus while on the throne. They were sometimes referred to as the “son” of other various deities.

The architect Imhotep was defied after his passing away. Though the process seems to have been gradual. This took over 1,000 years, by which time he had become associated with medicine. About a dozen non-royal ancient Egyptians became regarded as deities.

Ancient Greek & Roman religions have many characters who were born as humans but became gods. Like Disney’s Hercules. They’re usually made divine by 1 of the main deities, the 12 Olympians. In the Roman story of Cupid & Psyche, Zeus gave the ambrosia of the gods to the mortal Psyche. This transformed her into a goddess herself.

In the case of the Hellenistic queen Berenice II of Egypt was deified like other rulers of the Ptolemaic dynasty. The court dispersed a myth that her hair, that was cut off to fulfill a vow, had its own apotheosis before becoming the Coma Berenices, a group of stars that still bear her name.

In the Greek world, the 1st leader who granted himself diving honors was Philip II of Macedon. At the wedding to his 6th wife, Philip’s enthroned image was carried in procession among the Olympian gods. Such Hellenistic state leaders might be raised to a status equal to the gods before death, like Alexander the Great, or afterwards, like members of the Ptolemaic dynasty.

A heroic cult status that’s similar to apotheosis was also an honor given to a few reversed artists of the distant past, such as Homer.

Up to the end of the Roman Republic, the god Quirinus was the only 1 the Romans accepted as having undergone apotheosis, for his identification/syncretism with Romulus. Syncretism is the practice of meshing together different beliefs & various schools of thought. Eventually apotheosis in Ancient Rome was a process whereby a deceased ruler was recognized as divine by their successors. This was usually done by a decree of the Senate & popular consent.

The 1st of these cases was the posthumous deification of the last Roman dictator Julius Caesar in 42 BC by his adopted son, the triumvir Caesar Octavian. In addition to showing respect, the present ruler often deified a popular predecessor to legitimize himself & gain popularity himself & gain popularity with the people.

A vote in the Roman Senate, in the later Empire confirming an imperial decree, was the normal official process. But this sometimes followed a period with the unofficial use of deific language or imagery for the individual. This was often done rather discreetly within the imperial circle.

There was then a public ceremony, called a consecratio, including the release of an eagle which flew high. This represents the ascent of the deified person’s soul to Heaven. Imagery featuring the ascent, sometimes using a chariot, was common on coins & in other art.

The largest & most famous example in art in a relief on the base of the Column of Antoninus Pius, showing the emperor & his wife, Faustina the Elder, being carried up by a much larger winged figure, described as representing “Eternity,” as the personifications of “Roma” & the Campus Martius sit below, & eagles fly above. The imperial couple are represented as Jupiter & Juno (or Zeus & Hera).

The historian Dio Cassius, who said he was present, gives a detailed description of the large, & lavish, public consecratio of Perinax, emperor for 3 months in 193, ordered by Septimius Severus.

At the height of the imperial cult during the Roman Empire, sometimes the emperor’s deceased loved ones (heirs, empresses, or lovers) like Hadrian’s Antinous were deified as well.

Deified people were posthumously given the title ‘Divus’ for men & ‘Diva’ for women to their names to signify their divinity. Traditional Roman religion distinguished between a deus (god) & divus (a mortal who became divine or deified), though not consistently. Temple & columns were erected to provide a space for worship.

The imperial cult was mainly popular in the provinces. Especially in the Eastern Empire, where many cultures were well used to deified rulers, & less popular in Rome itself, & among traditionalists & intellectuals.

Some privately, & cautiously, ridiculed the apotheosis of inept & feeble emperors, as in the satire The Pumkinification of (the Divine) Claudius. This is usually attributed to Seneca.

Numerous mortals have been deified into the Taoist pantheon. Examples are Guan Yi, Iron-crutch Li, & Fan Kuai. Song dynasty general Yue Fei was deified during the Ming dynasty. He’s considered by some practitioners to be 1 of the 3 highest-ranking heavenly generals. The Ming dynasty epic Investiture of the Gods deals heavily with deification legends.

In the complicated, & variable, conceptions of deity in Buddhism, the achievement of Buddhahood may be regarded as an achievable goal for the faithful. Many significant deities are considered to have begun as normal people, from Gautama Buddha (the original Buddha & the creator of Buddhism) downwards. Most of these are seen as avatars or re-births of earlier figures.

Some significant Hindu deities, in particular Rama, were also born as humans. He’s seen as an avatar of Vishnu. In more modern times, Swaminarayan is an undoubted & well-documented historical figure, who’s regarded by some Hindus as an avatar of Vishnu, or as being a still more elevated deity. Bharat Mata (Mother India) began as a national personification devised by a group of Bengali intellectuals in the late 19th century. But now it receives some worship.

Various Hindu & Buddhist rulers in the past have been represented as deities, especially after death, from India to Indonesia. Jayavarman VII, King of the Khmer Empire the 1st Buddhist king of Cambodia, had his own features used for the many statues of Buddha/Avalokitevara he erected.

The extreme personality cult instituted by the founder of North Korea, Kim Il-Sung, has been to represent a deification. And continues to this day with the current leader. Even the nation is admittedly atheist.

In Christian theology, instead of the word “apotheosis,” they use the words “deification” or “divinization” or the Greek word “theosis.” Pre-Reformation, & mainstream theology, in both East & West, views Jesus Christ as the preexisting God who undertook mortal existence. Not as a mortal being who attained divinity. A view known as adoptionism. Adoptionism is an early Christian non-Trinitarian doctrine that holds that Jesus was born a mere human being. But Jesus was later adopted by God as His son, usually at Jesus’ baptism or resurrection, rather than being divine from eternity.

It holds that he has made it possible for human beings to be raised to the level of sharing the divine nature as II Peter 1:4 states that he became human to make humans “partakers of the divine nature.”

In John 10:34, Jesus referenced Psalm 82:6 when he stated: “Is it not written in your Law, I have said you are gods?” Other authors stated: “For this is why the Word became man, & the Son of God became the Son of man: so that Man, by entering into communion with the Word & thus receiving divine sonship, might be made God.” Accusations of self deification to some degree may have been placed on heretical such as the Waldensians.

The language of II Peter is taken up by St. Irenaeus, in his famous phrase, “if the Word has been made man, it is so that men may be made gods.” It becomes the standard in Greek theology. In the 14th century, St. Athanasius repeats Irenaeus almost word for word. In the 5th century, St. Cyril of Alexandria says that we shall become sons “by participation” (Greek methexis). Methexis is “group sharing,” where the audience actively participates in the performance.

Deification is the central idea in the spirituality of St. Maximus the Confessor. For whom the doctrine is the result of the Incarnation: “Deification, briefly, is the encompassion & fulfillment of all times and ages.”

The Roman Catholic Church doesn’t use the term “apotheosis” in its theology. This is equivalent to the Greek word theosis are Latin-derived words “divinization” & deification” used in the Latin tradition of the Catholic Church.

The concept has been given less prominence in Western theology than in that of the Eastern Catholic Churches. But is present in the Latin Church’s liturgical prayer.

Despite the theological differences, in the Catholic church art depictions of the Assumption of the Virgin Mary in art & the Ascension of Jesus in Christian art do share many similarities in composition to apotheosis subjects. As there are many images of saints being raised into Heaven.

Anthropolatry is the deification & worship of humans. It was practiced in ancient Japan towards their emperors. Followers of Socinianism were later accused of practicing anthropolatry.

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#1865 #193 #42BC #4thCentury #5thCentury #AbrahamicReligions #Adoptionism #AlexanderTheGreat #Ambrosia #AncientRome #Angels #Anthropolatry #Antinous #Apollo #Apotheosis #AscensionOfJesus #AssumptionOfTheVirginMary #Atheist #Avalokiteshvara #Avatar #Avatars #BaroqueArt #bengali #BereniceIIOfEgypt #BharatMata #Buddha #BuddhaGautama #Buddhahood #Buddhism #CaesarOctavian #Cambodia #CampusMartius #canonization #CatholicChurch #Christianity #ColumnOfAntoninusPius #ComaBerenices #Consecratio #Cupid #Deification #Deity #Deus #DioCassius #Disney #DIva #Divinization #Divus #EasternCatholicChurch #EasternChristianity #EasternEmpire #Egypt #Egyptians #Emperors #FanKuai #FaustinaTheElder #GrecoRoman #Greek #GuanYi #Hadrian #Hammurabi #Heaven #Hellenistic #Hera #Hercules #Hindu #Hinduism #Homer #Horus #IIPeter14 #Imhotep #ImperialCults #India #Indonesia #InvestitureOfTheGods #IronCrutchLi #Islam #Japan #JayavarmanVII #Jesus #John1034 #Judaism #JuliusCaesar #Juno #Jupiter #KhmerEmpire #KimIlSung #Krishna #Late19thCentury #Latin #LatinChurch #Mesopotamia #Methexis #MingDynasty #NaramSin #NewKingdom #NorthKorea #Olympians #Osiris #pagan #Pertinax #Pharaohs #PhilipIIOfMacedon #polytheistic #Psalm826 #Psyche #PtolemaicDynasty #Putti #Rama #Reformation #Roman #RomanCatholicChurch #RomanRepublic #RomanSenate #Romans #Romulus #Saints #Senate #Seneca #SeptimiusSeverus #Socinianism #StAthanasius #StCyrilOfAlexandria #StIrenaeus #StMaximusTheConfessor #Swaminarayan #Syncretism #Taoist #TaoistPantheon #Temple #ThePumpkinificationOfTheDivineClaudius #Theosis #Triumvir #USCapitolBuilding #Vishnu #Waldensians #YueFei #Zeus

Apotheosis

This is also called divinization or deification. It’s from the Latin deificato, meaning “making divine.” This is the glorification of a subject to divine levels & commonly, the treatment of a human being, any other living thing, or an abstract idea in the likeness of a deity.

The original sense of apotheosis relates to religion & is the subject of many works of art. Figuratively “apotheosis” may be used in almost any context for “the deification, glorification, or exaltation of a principle, practice, etc.” So normally attached to an abstraction of some sort.

In religion, apotheosis was a feature of many religions in the ancient world. Some that are active today. It requires a belief that there’s a possibility of newly created God’s, so a polytheistic belief system.

The Abrahamic religions of Christianity, Islam, & Judaism don’t allow this. Though many recognize minor sacred categories such as saints. They’re created by a process called canonization. In Christian theology, there’s a concept of the faithful becoming god-like, called divinization or in Eastern Christianity theosis.

In Hinduism, there’s some range for new deities. A human may be deified by becoming regarded as an avatar of an established deity, usually a major one, or by being regarded as a new, independent deity (usually a minor one), or a mix of the 2.

In art, an apotheosis scene usually shows the subject in the Heavens or rising towards them. They’re often partnered by a number of angels, putti, personifications of virtues, or similar figures.

Especially from Baroque art onwards apotheosis scenes may show rulers, generals, or artists purely as an honorific symbol. In many cases, the “religious” context is classical Greco-Roman pagan religion, like The Apotheosis of Voltaire, which features Apollo. The Apotheosis of Washington (1865) sits high in the dome of the United States of America Capitol Building is another example. Personification of places or abstractions are also shown receiving an apotheosis. The classic composition was suited for artistic placement on ceilings or inside domes.

Before the Hellenistic period, imperial cults were known in ancient Egypt (pharaohs) & Mesopotamia (from Naran-Sin through Hammurabi). In the New Kingdom of Egypt, all deceased pharaohs were deified as the god Osiris, having been identified as Horus while on the throne. They were sometimes referred to as the “son” of other various deities.

The architect Imhotep was defied after his passing away. Though the process seems to have been gradual. This took over 1,000 years, by which time he had become associated with medicine. About a dozen non-royal ancient Egyptians became regarded as deities.

Ancient Greek & Roman religions have many characters who were born as humans but became gods. Like Disney’s Hercules. They’re usually made divine by 1 of the main deities, the 12 Olympians. In the Roman story of Cupid & Psyche, Zeus gave the ambrosia of the gods to the mortal Psyche. This transformed her into a goddess herself.

In the case of the Hellenistic queen Berenice II of Egypt was deified like other rulers of the Ptolemaic dynasty. The court dispersed a myth that her hair, that was cut off to fulfill a vow, had its own apotheosis before becoming the Coma Berenices, a group of stars that still bear her name.

In the Greek world, the 1st leader who granted himself diving honors was Philip II of Macedon. At the wedding to his 6th wife, Philip’s enthroned image was carried in procession among the Olympian gods. Such Hellenistic state leaders might be raised to a status equal to the gods before death, like Alexander the Great, or afterwards, like members of the Ptolemaic dynasty.

A heroic cult status that’s similar to apotheosis was also an honor given to a few reversed artists of the distant past, such as Homer.

Up to the end of the Roman Republic, the god Quirinus was the only 1 the Romans accepted as having undergone apotheosis, for his identification/syncretism with Romulus. Syncretism is the practice of meshing together different beliefs & various schools of thought. Eventually apotheosis in Ancient Rome was a process whereby a deceased ruler was recognized as divine by their successors. This was usually done by a decree of the Senate & popular consent.

The 1st of these cases was the posthumous deification of the last Roman dictator Julius Caesar in 42 BC by his adopted son, the triumvir Caesar Octavian. In addition to showing respect, the present ruler often deified a popular predecessor to legitimize himself & gain popularity himself & gain popularity with the people.

A vote in the Roman Senate, in the later Empire confirming an imperial decree, was the normal official process. But this sometimes followed a period with the unofficial use of deific language or imagery for the individual. This was often done rather discreetly within the imperial circle.

There was then a public ceremony, called a consecratio, including the release of an eagle which flew high. This represents the ascent of the deified person’s soul to Heaven. Imagery featuring the ascent, sometimes using a chariot, was common on coins & in other art.

The largest & most famous example in art in a relief on the base of the Column of Antoninus Pius, showing the emperor & his wife, Faustina the Elder, being carried up by a much larger winged figure, described as representing “Eternity,” as the personifications of “Roma” & the Campus Martius sit below, & eagles fly above. The imperial couple are represented as Jupiter & Juno (or Zeus & Hera).

The historian Dio Cassius, who said he was present, gives a detailed description of the large, & lavish, public consecratio of Perinax, emperor for 3 months in 193, ordered by Septimius Severus.

At the height of the imperial cult during the Roman Empire, sometimes the emperor’s deceased loved ones (heirs, empresses, or lovers) like Hadrian’s Antinous were deified as well.

Deified people were posthumously given the title ‘Divus’ for men & ‘Diva’ for women to their names to signify their divinity. Traditional Roman religion distinguished between a deus (god) & divus (a mortal who became divine or deified), though not consistently. Temple & columns were erected to provide a space for worship.

The imperial cult was mainly popular in the provinces. Especially in the Eastern Empire, where many cultures were well used to deified rulers, & less popular in Rome itself, & among traditionalists & intellectuals.

Some privately, & cautiously, ridiculed the apotheosis of inept & feeble emperors, as in the satire The Pumkinification of (the Divine) Claudius. This is usually attributed to Seneca.

Numerous mortals have been deified into the Taoist pantheon. Examples are Guan Yi, Iron-crutch Li, & Fan Kuai. Song dynasty general Yue Fei was deified during the Ming dynasty. He’s considered by some practitioners to be 1 of the 3 highest-ranking heavenly generals. The Ming dynasty epic Investiture of the Gods deals heavily with deification legends.

In the complicated, & variable, conceptions of deity in Buddhism, the achievement of Buddhahood may be regarded as an achievable goal for the faithful. Many significant deities are considered to have begun as normal people, from Gautama Buddha (the original Buddha & the creator of Buddhism) downwards. Most of these are seen as avatars or re-births of earlier figures.

Some significant Hindu deities, in particular Rama, were also born as humans. He’s seen as an avatar of Vishnu. In more modern times, Swaminarayan is an undoubted & well-documented historical figure, who’s regarded by some Hindus as an avatar of Vishnu, or as being a still more elevated deity. Bharat Mata (Mother India) began as a national personification devised by a group of Bengali intellectuals in the late 19th century. But now it receives some worship.

Various Hindu & Buddhist rulers in the past have been represented as deities, especially after death, from India to Indonesia. Jayavarman VII, King of the Khmer Empire the 1st Buddhist king of Cambodia, had his own features used for the many statues of Buddha/Avalokitevara he erected.

The extreme personality cult instituted by the founder of North Korea, Kim Il-Sung, has been to represent a deification. And continues to this day with the current leader. Even the nation is admittedly atheist.

In Christian theology, instead of the word “apotheosis,” they use the words “deification” or “divinization” or the Greek word “theosis.” Pre-Reformation, & mainstream theology, in both East & West, views Jesus Christ as the preexisting God who undertook mortal existence. Not as a mortal being who attained divinity. A view known as adoptionism. Adoptionism is an early Christian non-Trinitarian doctrine that holds that Jesus was born a mere human being. But Jesus was later adopted by God as His son, usually at Jesus’ baptism or resurrection, rather than being divine from eternity.

It holds that he has made it possible for human beings to be raised to the level of sharing the divine nature as II Peter 1:4 states that he became human to make humans “partakers of the divine nature.”

In John 10:34, Jesus referenced Psalm 82:6 when he stated: “Is it not written in your Law, I have said you are gods?” Other authors stated: “For this is why the Word became man, & the Son of God became the Son of man: so that Man, by entering into communion with the Word & thus receiving divine sonship, might be made God.” Accusations of self deification to some degree may have been placed on heretical such as the Waldensians.

The language of II Peter is taken up by St. Irenaeus, in his famous phrase, “if the Word has been made man, it is so that men may be made gods.” It becomes the standard in Greek theology. In the 14th century, St. Athanasius repeats Irenaeus almost word for word. In the 5th century, St. Cyril of Alexandria says that we shall become sons “by participation” (Greek methexis). Methexis is “group sharing,” where the audience actively participates in the performance.

Deification is the central idea in the spirituality of St. Maximus the Confessor. For whom the doctrine is the result of the Incarnation: “Deification, briefly, is the encompassion & fulfillment of all times and ages.”

The Roman Catholic Church doesn’t use the term “apotheosis” in its theology. This is equivalent to the Greek word theosis are Latin-derived words “divinization” & deification” used in the Latin tradition of the Catholic Church.

The concept has been given less prominence in Western theology than in that of the Eastern Catholic Churches. But is present in the Latin Church’s liturgical prayer.

Despite the theological differences, in the Catholic church art depictions of the Assumption of the Virgin Mary in art & the Ascension of Jesus in Christian art do share many similarities in composition to apotheosis subjects. As there are many images of saints being raised into Heaven.

Anthropolatry is the deification & worship of humans. It was practiced in ancient Japan towards their emperors. Followers of Socinianism were later accused of practicing anthropolatry.

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Your contribution is appreciated.

Donate

Make a monthly donation

Your contribution is appreciated.

Donate monthly

Make a yearly donation

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#1865 #193 #42BC #4thCentury #5thCentury #AbrahamicReligions #Adoptionism #AlexanderTheGreat #Ambrosia #AncientRome #Angels #Anthropolatry #Antinous #Apollo #Apotheosis #AscensionOfJesus #AssumptionOfTheVirginMary #Atheist #Avalokiteshvara #Avatar #Avatars #BaroqueArt #bengali #BereniceIIOfEgypt #BharatMata #Buddha #BuddhaGautama #Buddhahood #Buddhism #CaesarOctavian #Cambodia #CampusMartius #canonization #CatholicChurch #Christianity #ColumnOfAntoninusPius #ComaBerenices #Consecratio #Cupid #Deification #Deity #Deus #DioCassius #Disney #DIva #Divinization #Divus #EasternCatholicChurch #EasternChristianity #EasternEmpire #Egypt #Egyptians #Emperors #FanKuai #FaustinaTheElder #GrecoRoman #Greek #GuanYi #Hadrian #Hammurabi #Heaven #Hellenistic #Hera #Hercules #Hindu #Hinduism #Homer #Horus #IIPeter14 #Imhotep #ImperialCults #India #Indonesia #InvestitureOfTheGods #IronCrutchLi #Islam #Japan #JayavarmanVII #Jesus #John1034 #Judaism #JuliusCaesar #Juno #Jupiter #KhmerEmpire #KimIlSung #Krishna #Late19thCentury #Latin #LatinChurch #Mesopotamia #Methexis #MingDynasty #NaramSin #NewKingdom #NorthKorea #Olympians #Osiris #pagan #Pertinax #Pharaohs #PhilipIIOfMacedon #polytheistic #Psalm826 #Psyche #PtolemaicDynasty #Putti #Rama #Reformation #Roman #RomanCatholicChurch #RomanRepublic #RomanSenate #Romans #Romulus #Saints #Senate #Seneca #SeptimiusSeverus #Socinianism #StAthanasius #StCyrilOfAlexandria #StIrenaeus #StMaximusTheConfessor #Swaminarayan #Syncretism #Taoist #TaoistPantheon #Temple #ThePumpkinificationOfTheDivineClaudius #Theosis #Triumvir #USCapitolBuilding #Vishnu #Waldensians #YueFei #Zeus

Apotheosis

This is also called divinization or deification. It’s from the Latin deificato, meaning “making divine.” This is the glorification of a subject to divine levels & commonly, the treatment of a human being, any other living thing, or an abstract idea in the likeness of a deity.

The original sense of apotheosis relates to religion & is the subject of many works of art. Figuratively “apotheosis” may be used in almost any context for “the deification, glorification, or exaltation of a principle, practice, etc.” So normally attached to an abstraction of some sort.

In religion, apotheosis was a feature of many religions in the ancient world. Some that are active today. It requires a belief that there’s a possibility of newly created God’s, so a polytheistic belief system.

The Abrahamic religions of Christianity, Islam, & Judaism don’t allow this. Though many recognize minor sacred categories such as saints. They’re created by a process called canonization. In Christian theology, there’s a concept of the faithful becoming god-like, called divinization or in Eastern Christianity theosis.

In Hinduism, there’s some range for new deities. A human may be deified by becoming regarded as an avatar of an established deity, usually a major one, or by being regarded as a new, independent deity (usually a minor one), or a mix of the 2.

In art, an apotheosis scene usually shows the subject in the Heavens or rising towards them. They’re often partnered by a number of angels, putti, personifications of virtues, or similar figures.

Especially from Baroque art onwards apotheosis scenes may show rulers, generals, or artists purely as an honorific symbol. In many cases, the “religious” context is classical Greco-Roman pagan religion, like The Apotheosis of Voltaire, which features Apollo. The Apotheosis of Washington (1865) sits high in the dome of the United States of America Capitol Building is another example. Personification of places or abstractions are also shown receiving an apotheosis. The classic composition was suited for artistic placement on ceilings or inside domes.

Before the Hellenistic period, imperial cults were known in ancient Egypt (pharaohs) & Mesopotamia (from Naran-Sin through Hammurabi). In the New Kingdom of Egypt, all deceased pharaohs were deified as the god Osiris, having been identified as Horus while on the throne. They were sometimes referred to as the “son” of other various deities.

The architect Imhotep was defied after his passing away. Though the process seems to have been gradual. This took over 1,000 years, by which time he had become associated with medicine. About a dozen non-royal ancient Egyptians became regarded as deities.

Ancient Greek & Roman religions have many characters who were born as humans but became gods. Like Disney’s Hercules. They’re usually made divine by 1 of the main deities, the 12 Olympians. In the Roman story of Cupid & Psyche, Zeus gave the ambrosia of the gods to the mortal Psyche. This transformed her into a goddess herself.

In the case of the Hellenistic queen Berenice II of Egypt was deified like other rulers of the Ptolemaic dynasty. The court dispersed a myth that her hair, that was cut off to fulfill a vow, had its own apotheosis before becoming the Coma Berenices, a group of stars that still bear her name.

In the Greek world, the 1st leader who granted himself diving honors was Philip II of Macedon. At the wedding to his 6th wife, Philip’s enthroned image was carried in procession among the Olympian gods. Such Hellenistic state leaders might be raised to a status equal to the gods before death, like Alexander the Great, or afterwards, like members of the Ptolemaic dynasty.

A heroic cult status that’s similar to apotheosis was also an honor given to a few reversed artists of the distant past, such as Homer.

Up to the end of the Roman Republic, the god Quirinus was the only 1 the Romans accepted as having undergone apotheosis, for his identification/syncretism with Romulus. Syncretism is the practice of meshing together different beliefs & various schools of thought. Eventually apotheosis in Ancient Rome was a process whereby a deceased ruler was recognized as divine by their successors. This was usually done by a decree of the Senate & popular consent.

The 1st of these cases was the posthumous deification of the last Roman dictator Julius Caesar in 42 BC by his adopted son, the triumvir Caesar Octavian. In addition to showing respect, the present ruler often deified a popular predecessor to legitimize himself & gain popularity himself & gain popularity with the people.

A vote in the Roman Senate, in the later Empire confirming an imperial decree, was the normal official process. But this sometimes followed a period with the unofficial use of deific language or imagery for the individual. This was often done rather discreetly within the imperial circle.

There was then a public ceremony, called a consecratio, including the release of an eagle which flew high. This represents the ascent of the deified person’s soul to Heaven. Imagery featuring the ascent, sometimes using a chariot, was common on coins & in other art.

The largest & most famous example in art in a relief on the base of the Column of Antoninus Pius, showing the emperor & his wife, Faustina the Elder, being carried up by a much larger winged figure, described as representing “Eternity,” as the personifications of “Roma” & the Campus Martius sit below, & eagles fly above. The imperial couple are represented as Jupiter & Juno (or Zeus & Hera).

The historian Dio Cassius, who said he was present, gives a detailed description of the large, & lavish, public consecratio of Perinax, emperor for 3 months in 193, ordered by Septimius Severus.

At the height of the imperial cult during the Roman Empire, sometimes the emperor’s deceased loved ones (heirs, empresses, or lovers) like Hadrian’s Antinous were deified as well.

Deified people were posthumously given the title ‘Divus’ for men & ‘Diva’ for women to their names to signify their divinity. Traditional Roman religion distinguished between a deus (god) & divus (a mortal who became divine or deified), though not consistently. Temple & columns were erected to provide a space for worship.

The imperial cult was mainly popular in the provinces. Especially in the Eastern Empire, where many cultures were well used to deified rulers, & less popular in Rome itself, & among traditionalists & intellectuals.

Some privately, & cautiously, ridiculed the apotheosis of inept & feeble emperors, as in the satire The Pumkinification of (the Divine) Claudius. This is usually attributed to Seneca.

Numerous mortals have been deified into the Taoist pantheon. Examples are Guan Yi, Iron-crutch Li, & Fan Kuai. Song dynasty general Yue Fei was deified during the Ming dynasty. He’s considered by some practitioners to be 1 of the 3 highest-ranking heavenly generals. The Ming dynasty epic Investiture of the Gods deals heavily with deification legends.

In the complicated, & variable, conceptions of deity in Buddhism, the achievement of Buddhahood may be regarded as an achievable goal for the faithful. Many significant deities are considered to have begun as normal people, from Gautama Buddha (the original Buddha & the creator of Buddhism) downwards. Most of these are seen as avatars or re-births of earlier figures.

Some significant Hindu deities, in particular Rama, were also born as humans. He’s seen as an avatar of Vishnu. In more modern times, Swaminarayan is an undoubted & well-documented historical figure, who’s regarded by some Hindus as an avatar of Vishnu, or as being a still more elevated deity. Bharat Mata (Mother India) began as a national personification devised by a group of Bengali intellectuals in the late 19th century. But now it receives some worship.

Various Hindu & Buddhist rulers in the past have been represented as deities, especially after death, from India to Indonesia. Jayavarman VII, King of the Khmer Empire the 1st Buddhist king of Cambodia, had his own features used for the many statues of Buddha/Avalokitevara he erected.

The extreme personality cult instituted by the founder of North Korea, Kim Il-Sung, has been to represent a deification. And continues to this day with the current leader. Even the nation is admittedly atheist.

In Christian theology, instead of the word “apotheosis,” they use the words “deification” or “divinization” or the Greek word “theosis.” Pre-Reformation, & mainstream theology, in both East & West, views Jesus Christ as the preexisting God who undertook mortal existence. Not as a mortal being who attained divinity. A view known as adoptionism. Adoptionism is an early Christian non-Trinitarian doctrine that holds that Jesus was born a mere human being. But Jesus was later adopted by God as His son, usually at Jesus’ baptism or resurrection, rather than being divine from eternity.

It holds that he has made it possible for human beings to be raised to the level of sharing the divine nature as II Peter 1:4 states that he became human to make humans “partakers of the divine nature.”

In John 10:34, Jesus referenced Psalm 82:6 when he stated: “Is it not written in your Law, I have said you are gods?” Other authors stated: “For this is why the Word became man, & the Son of God became the Son of man: so that Man, by entering into communion with the Word & thus receiving divine sonship, might be made God.” Accusations of self deification to some degree may have been placed on heretical such as the Waldensians.

The language of II Peter is taken up by St. Irenaeus, in his famous phrase, “if the Word has been made man, it is so that men may be made gods.” It becomes the standard in Greek theology. In the 14th century, St. Athanasius repeats Irenaeus almost word for word. In the 5th century, St. Cyril of Alexandria says that we shall become sons “by participation” (Greek methexis). Methexis is “group sharing,” where the audience actively participates in the performance.

Deification is the central idea in the spirituality of St. Maximus the Confessor. For whom the doctrine is the result of the Incarnation: “Deification, briefly, is the encompassion & fulfillment of all times and ages.”

The Roman Catholic Church doesn’t use the term “apotheosis” in its theology. This is equivalent to the Greek word theosis are Latin-derived words “divinization” & deification” used in the Latin tradition of the Catholic Church.

The concept has been given less prominence in Western theology than in that of the Eastern Catholic Churches. But is present in the Latin Church’s liturgical prayer.

Despite the theological differences, in the Catholic church art depictions of the Assumption of the Virgin Mary in art & the Ascension of Jesus in Christian art do share many similarities in composition to apotheosis subjects. As there are many images of saints being raised into Heaven.

Anthropolatry is the deification & worship of humans. It was practiced in ancient Japan towards their emperors. Followers of Socinianism were later accused of practicing anthropolatry.

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#1865 #193 #42BC #4thCentury #5thCentury #AbrahamicReligions #Adoptionism #AlexanderTheGreat #Ambrosia #AncientRome #Angels #Anthropolatry #Antinous #Apollo #Apotheosis #AscensionOfJesus #AssumptionOfTheVirginMary #Atheist #Avalokiteshvara #Avatar #Avatars #BaroqueArt #bengali #BereniceIIOfEgypt #BharatMata #Buddha #BuddhaGautama #Buddhahood #Buddhism #CaesarOctavian #Cambodia #CampusMartius #canonization #CatholicChurch #Christianity #ColumnOfAntoninusPius #ComaBerenices #Consecratio #Cupid #Deification #Deity #Deus #DioCassius #Disney #DIva #Divinization #Divus #EasternCatholicChurch #EasternChristianity #EasternEmpire #Egypt #Egyptians #Emperors #FanKuai #FaustinaTheElder #GrecoRoman #Greek #GuanYi #Hadrian #Hammurabi #Heaven #Hellenistic #Hera #Hercules #Hindu #Hinduism #Homer #Horus #IIPeter14 #Imhotep #ImperialCults #India #Indonesia #InvestitureOfTheGods #IronCrutchLi #Islam #Japan #JayavarmanVII #Jesus #John1034 #Judaism #JuliusCaesar #Juno #Jupiter #KhmerEmpire #KimIlSung #Krishna #Late19thCentury #Latin #LatinChurch #Mesopotamia #Methexis #MingDynasty #NaramSin #NewKingdom #NorthKorea #Olympians #Osiris #pagan #Pertinax #Pharaohs #PhilipIIOfMacedon #polytheistic #Psalm826 #Psyche #PtolemaicDynasty #Putti #Rama #Reformation #Roman #RomanCatholicChurch #RomanRepublic #RomanSenate #Romans #Romulus #Saints #Senate #Seneca #SeptimiusSeverus #Socinianism #StAthanasius #StCyrilOfAlexandria #StIrenaeus #StMaximusTheConfessor #Swaminarayan #Syncretism #Taoist #TaoistPantheon #Temple #ThePumpkinificationOfTheDivineClaudius #Theosis #Triumvir #USCapitolBuilding #Vishnu #Waldensians #YueFei #Zeus

Apotheosis

This is also called divinization or deification. It’s from the Latin deificato, meaning “making divine.” This is the glorification of a subject to divine levels & commonly, the treatment of a human being, any other living thing, or an abstract idea in the likeness of a deity.

The original sense of apotheosis relates to religion & is the subject of many works of art. Figuratively “apotheosis” may be used in almost any context for “the deification, glorification, or exaltation of a principle, practice, etc.” So normally attached to an abstraction of some sort.

In religion, apotheosis was a feature of many religions in the ancient world. Some that are active today. It requires a belief that there’s a possibility of newly created God’s, so a polytheistic belief system.

The Abrahamic religions of Christianity, Islam, & Judaism don’t allow this. Though many recognize minor sacred categories such as saints. They’re created by a process called canonization. In Christian theology, there’s a concept of the faithful becoming god-like, called divinization or in Eastern Christianity theosis.

In Hinduism, there’s some range for new deities. A human may be deified by becoming regarded as an avatar of an established deity, usually a major one, or by being regarded as a new, independent deity (usually a minor one), or a mix of the 2.

In art, an apotheosis scene usually shows the subject in the Heavens or rising towards them. They’re often partnered by a number of angels, putti, personifications of virtues, or similar figures.

Especially from Baroque art onwards apotheosis scenes may show rulers, generals, or artists purely as an honorific symbol. In many cases, the “religious” context is classical Greco-Roman pagan religion, like The Apotheosis of Voltaire, which features Apollo. The Apotheosis of Washington (1865) sits high in the dome of the United States of America Capitol Building is another example. Personification of places or abstractions are also shown receiving an apotheosis. The classic composition was suited for artistic placement on ceilings or inside domes.

Before the Hellenistic period, imperial cults were known in ancient Egypt (pharaohs) & Mesopotamia (from Naran-Sin through Hammurabi). In the New Kingdom of Egypt, all deceased pharaohs were deified as the god Osiris, having been identified as Horus while on the throne. They were sometimes referred to as the “son” of other various deities.

The architect Imhotep was defied after his passing away. Though the process seems to have been gradual. This took over 1,000 years, by which time he had become associated with medicine. About a dozen non-royal ancient Egyptians became regarded as deities.

Ancient Greek & Roman religions have many characters who were born as humans but became gods. Like Disney’s Hercules. They’re usually made divine by 1 of the main deities, the 12 Olympians. In the Roman story of Cupid & Psyche, Zeus gave the ambrosia of the gods to the mortal Psyche. This transformed her into a goddess herself.

In the case of the Hellenistic queen Berenice II of Egypt was deified like other rulers of the Ptolemaic dynasty. The court dispersed a myth that her hair, that was cut off to fulfill a vow, had its own apotheosis before becoming the Coma Berenices, a group of stars that still bear her name.

In the Greek world, the 1st leader who granted himself diving honors was Philip II of Macedon. At the wedding to his 6th wife, Philip’s enthroned image was carried in procession among the Olympian gods. Such Hellenistic state leaders might be raised to a status equal to the gods before death, like Alexander the Great, or afterwards, like members of the Ptolemaic dynasty.

A heroic cult status that’s similar to apotheosis was also an honor given to a few reversed artists of the distant past, such as Homer.

Up to the end of the Roman Republic, the god Quirinus was the only 1 the Romans accepted as having undergone apotheosis, for his identification/syncretism with Romulus. Syncretism is the practice of meshing together different beliefs & various schools of thought. Eventually apotheosis in Ancient Rome was a process whereby a deceased ruler was recognized as divine by their successors. This was usually done by a decree of the Senate & popular consent.

The 1st of these cases was the posthumous deification of the last Roman dictator Julius Caesar in 42 BC by his adopted son, the triumvir Caesar Octavian. In addition to showing respect, the present ruler often deified a popular predecessor to legitimize himself & gain popularity himself & gain popularity with the people.

A vote in the Roman Senate, in the later Empire confirming an imperial decree, was the normal official process. But this sometimes followed a period with the unofficial use of deific language or imagery for the individual. This was often done rather discreetly within the imperial circle.

There was then a public ceremony, called a consecratio, including the release of an eagle which flew high. This represents the ascent of the deified person’s soul to Heaven. Imagery featuring the ascent, sometimes using a chariot, was common on coins & in other art.

The largest & most famous example in art in a relief on the base of the Column of Antoninus Pius, showing the emperor & his wife, Faustina the Elder, being carried up by a much larger winged figure, described as representing “Eternity,” as the personifications of “Roma” & the Campus Martius sit below, & eagles fly above. The imperial couple are represented as Jupiter & Juno (or Zeus & Hera).

The historian Dio Cassius, who said he was present, gives a detailed description of the large, & lavish, public consecratio of Perinax, emperor for 3 months in 193, ordered by Septimius Severus.

At the height of the imperial cult during the Roman Empire, sometimes the emperor’s deceased loved ones (heirs, empresses, or lovers) like Hadrian’s Antinous were deified as well.

Deified people were posthumously given the title ‘Divus’ for men & ‘Diva’ for women to their names to signify their divinity. Traditional Roman religion distinguished between a deus (god) & divus (a mortal who became divine or deified), though not consistently. Temple & columns were erected to provide a space for worship.

The imperial cult was mainly popular in the provinces. Especially in the Eastern Empire, where many cultures were well used to deified rulers, & less popular in Rome itself, & among traditionalists & intellectuals.

Some privately, & cautiously, ridiculed the apotheosis of inept & feeble emperors, as in the satire The Pumkinification of (the Divine) Claudius. This is usually attributed to Seneca.

Numerous mortals have been deified into the Taoist pantheon. Examples are Guan Yi, Iron-crutch Li, & Fan Kuai. Song dynasty general Yue Fei was deified during the Ming dynasty. He’s considered by some practitioners to be 1 of the 3 highest-ranking heavenly generals. The Ming dynasty epic Investiture of the Gods deals heavily with deification legends.

In the complicated, & variable, conceptions of deity in Buddhism, the achievement of Buddhahood may be regarded as an achievable goal for the faithful. Many significant deities are considered to have begun as normal people, from Gautama Buddha (the original Buddha & the creator of Buddhism) downwards. Most of these are seen as avatars or re-births of earlier figures.

Some significant Hindu deities, in particular Rama, were also born as humans. He’s seen as an avatar of Vishnu. In more modern times, Swaminarayan is an undoubted & well-documented historical figure, who’s regarded by some Hindus as an avatar of Vishnu, or as being a still more elevated deity. Bharat Mata (Mother India) began as a national personification devised by a group of Bengali intellectuals in the late 19th century. But now it receives some worship.

Various Hindu & Buddhist rulers in the past have been represented as deities, especially after death, from India to Indonesia. Jayavarman VII, King of the Khmer Empire the 1st Buddhist king of Cambodia, had his own features used for the many statues of Buddha/Avalokitevara he erected.

The extreme personality cult instituted by the founder of North Korea, Kim Il-Sung, has been to represent a deification. And continues to this day with the current leader. Even the nation is admittedly atheist.

In Christian theology, instead of the word “apotheosis,” they use the words “deification” or “divinization” or the Greek word “theosis.” Pre-Reformation, & mainstream theology, in both East & West, views Jesus Christ as the preexisting God who undertook mortal existence. Not as a mortal being who attained divinity. A view known as adoptionism. Adoptionism is an early Christian non-Trinitarian doctrine that holds that Jesus was born a mere human being. But Jesus was later adopted by God as His son, usually at Jesus’ baptism or resurrection, rather than being divine from eternity.

It holds that he has made it possible for human beings to be raised to the level of sharing the divine nature as II Peter 1:4 states that he became human to make humans “partakers of the divine nature.”

In John 10:34, Jesus referenced Psalm 82:6 when he stated: “Is it not written in your Law, I have said you are gods?” Other authors stated: “For this is why the Word became man, & the Son of God became the Son of man: so that Man, by entering into communion with the Word & thus receiving divine sonship, might be made God.” Accusations of self deification to some degree may have been placed on heretical such as the Waldensians.

The language of II Peter is taken up by St. Irenaeus, in his famous phrase, “if the Word has been made man, it is so that men may be made gods.” It becomes the standard in Greek theology. In the 14th century, St. Athanasius repeats Irenaeus almost word for word. In the 5th century, St. Cyril of Alexandria says that we shall become sons “by participation” (Greek methexis). Methexis is “group sharing,” where the audience actively participates in the performance.

Deification is the central idea in the spirituality of St. Maximus the Confessor. For whom the doctrine is the result of the Incarnation: “Deification, briefly, is the encompassion & fulfillment of all times and ages.”

The Roman Catholic Church doesn’t use the term “apotheosis” in its theology. This is equivalent to the Greek word theosis are Latin-derived words “divinization” & deification” used in the Latin tradition of the Catholic Church.

The concept has been given less prominence in Western theology than in that of the Eastern Catholic Churches. But is present in the Latin Church’s liturgical prayer.

Despite the theological differences, in the Catholic church art depictions of the Assumption of the Virgin Mary in art & the Ascension of Jesus in Christian art do share many similarities in composition to apotheosis subjects. As there are many images of saints being raised into Heaven.

Anthropolatry is the deification & worship of humans. It was practiced in ancient Japan towards their emperors. Followers of Socinianism were later accused of practicing anthropolatry.

Make a one-time donation

Your contribution is appreciated.

Donate

Make a monthly donation

Your contribution is appreciated.

Donate monthly

Make a yearly donation

Your contribution is appreciated.

Donate yearly

Rate this:

#1865 #193 #42BC #4thCentury #5thCentury #AbrahamicReligions #Adoptionism #AlexanderTheGreat #Ambrosia #AncientRome #Angels #Anthropolatry #Antinous #Apollo #Apotheosis #AscensionOfJesus #AssumptionOfTheVirginMary #Atheist #Avalokiteshvara #Avatar #Avatars #BaroqueArt #bengali #BereniceIIOfEgypt #BharatMata #Buddha #BuddhaGautama #Buddhahood #Buddhism #CaesarOctavian #Cambodia #CampusMartius #canonization #CatholicChurch #Christianity #ColumnOfAntoninusPius #ComaBerenices #Consecratio #Cupid #Deification #Deity #Deus #DioCassius #Disney #DIva #Divinization #Divus #EasternCatholicChurch #EasternChristianity #EasternEmpire #Egypt #Egyptians #Emperors #FanKuai #FaustinaTheElder #GrecoRoman #Greek #GuanYi #Hadrian #Hammurabi #Heaven #Hellenistic #Hera #Hercules #Hindu #Hinduism #Homer #Horus #IIPeter14 #Imhotep #ImperialCults #India #Indonesia #InvestitureOfTheGods #IronCrutchLi #Islam #Japan #JayavarmanVII #Jesus #John1034 #Judaism #JuliusCaesar #Juno #Jupiter #KhmerEmpire #KimIlSung #Krishna #Late19thCentury #Latin #LatinChurch #Mesopotamia #Methexis #MingDynasty #NaramSin #NewKingdom #NorthKorea #Olympians #Osiris #pagan #Pertinax #Pharaohs #PhilipIIOfMacedon #polytheistic #Psalm826 #Psyche #PtolemaicDynasty #Putti #Rama #Reformation #Roman #RomanCatholicChurch #RomanRepublic #RomanSenate #Romans #Romulus #Saints #Senate #Seneca #SeptimiusSeverus #Socinianism #StAthanasius #StCyrilOfAlexandria #StIrenaeus #StMaximusTheConfessor #Swaminarayan #Syncretism #Taoist #TaoistPantheon #Temple #ThePumpkinificationOfTheDivineClaudius #Theosis #Triumvir #USCapitolBuilding #Vishnu #Waldensians #YueFei #Zeus

🌪️ 1283 kracht der Turm, Menschen sterben. Und trotzdem geht der Bau weiter. Die dramatische Geschichte des Doms zu Ribe:

📚 Mehr dazu im Artikel:
🔗 https://www.miss-jones.de/2024/12/20/die-einstuerzenden-turmbauten-der-dom-zu-ribe/

#DomZuRibe, #Ribe, #Kirchengeschichte, #Mittelalter, #Gotik, #Romanik, #Kirchenbau, #Skandinavien, #Kulturgeschichte, #Architekturgeschichte, #Sturmglocke, #Reformation, #Wikingerzeit, #Ansgar

🌪️ 1283 kracht der Turm, Menschen sterben. Und trotzdem geht der Bau weiter. Die dramatische Geschichte des Doms zu Ribe:

📚 Mehr dazu im Artikel:
🔗 https://www.miss-jones.de/2024/12/20/die-einstuerzenden-turmbauten-der-dom-zu-ribe/

#DomZuRibe, #Ribe, #Kirchengeschichte, #Mittelalter, #Gotik, #Romanik, #Kirchenbau, #Skandinavien, #Kulturgeschichte, #Architekturgeschichte, #Sturmglocke, #Reformation, #Wikingerzeit, #Ansgar

Vor 500 Jahren erhoben sich aufständige Bauern und Bürger gegen Willkür und ungerechte Herrschaft. Im „Eule-Podcast“ haben wir in diesem Sommer der Bedeutung des Bauernkrieges von 1524/25 nachgeforscht. Ein Überblick über die Diskussionen - und ein Fazit von @rockToamna: https://eulemagazin.de/bauernkrieg-kaufmann-roper-pruewer-revolution/

#Geschichte #Podcast #Bauernkrieg #ThomasMüntzer #Reformation

"However, as the movement grew and threatened to engulf all of Germany, Luther — protected by powerful princes and surrounded by allies from the nobility and the urban middle class — chose to side with the conservative, property-owning elements. Distancing himself from the radical insurgents, especially Müntzer’s revolutionary faction, he began preaching moderation and obedience to secular authority. By the time the uprising escalated and the Peasants’ War broke out, Luther turned against the peasants and called for their violent suppression:

'They should be knocked to pieces, strangled and stabbed, secretly and openly, by everybody who can do it, just as one must kill a mad dog!!'

@RealJournalism

#ThomasMüntzer #Bauernkrieg #Peasants #Reformation #Luther
#MartinLuther

"However, as the movement grew and threatened to engulf all of Germany, Luther — protected by powerful princes and surrounded by allies from the nobility and the urban middle class — chose to side with the conservative, property-owning elements. Distancing himself from the radical insurgents, especially Müntzer’s revolutionary faction, he began preaching moderation and obedience to secular authority. By the time the uprising escalated and the Peasants’ War broke out, Luther turned against the peasants and called for their violent suppression:

'They should be knocked to pieces, strangled and stabbed, secretly and openly, by everybody who can do it, just as one must kill a mad dog!!'

@RealJournalism

#ThomasMüntzer #Bauernkrieg #Peasants #Reformation #Luther
#MartinLuther

This isn’t about J.D. #Vance hanging out with pro-Russian fascist podcasters who gleefully platform Holocaust deniers,
-- although that’s definitely a thing.

And it’s not specifically about the libertarian/authoritarian #Peter #Thiel techbro creepers who basically created J.D. in a lab, without whom he’d literally be nothing.
-- But both of those things are related to these things.

This is about the #Christian #nationalists who find themselves in J.D. Vance’s orbit, and he in theirs
— people who are literally prayer-gasming themselves right now at the idea of having one of their own freaks a heartbeat away from the presidency.

To start off with, did y’all hear about the town hall Vance just did with #Lance #Wallnau, one of the most #dangerous “Seven Mountains” Christian Nationalist #Dominionists in the country?

Lance Wallnau is perhaps the foremost figure in what’s called the #New #Apostolic #Reformation movement, which teaches that Christians have a mandate from Heaven to exert dominion over what they call the seven “mountains” of American life
— family, religion, education, media, entertainment, business, and government.

There is no room for democracy in this movement,
it’s authoritarian,
and it craves a dictator.

Wallnau is fucking bonkers.
His movement is fucking bonkers.

Wallnau believes people on the left are literal #demons,
that Kamala Harris has a “Jezebel Spirit,” and so much more.

Oh, and of course, Wallnau and the New Apostolic Reformation believe Donald Trump is a modern-day King Cyrus,
a pagan emperor being used by God to bring forth his kingdom on earth.

Ayup. So it’s not surprising that Wallnau and his movement are deeply entwined with the “Stop the Steal” movement,
which did what it did on January 6, 2021 at the U.S. Capitol.

Wallnau has been doing something called the #Courage #Tour.

And sweet, kind, caring, moderate J.D. Vance was a special guest on that Courage Tour last weekend in Pennsylvania,
though he was careful not to appear with Wallnau, and did his best to make the event seem as innocuous as possible.

As it happens, Stephanie McCrummen published an article in The Atlantic this week called
“The Christian Radicals Are Coming,”
which is all about the tour’s stop in Eau Claire, Wisconsin.

Half Pentecostal tent revival, half voter registration and mobilization event, the thousands who attended were treated to several days of the kind of radicalizing, violent rhetoric you usually hear in documentaries about, well, radicalized movements that turn violent.

Wallnau told congregants about a scene from Gladiator featuring its main character Maximus, and asked the crowd if they were ready to be “activated in your Maximus anointing.”

He told attendees he suspected they were “nobodies on earth who are somebodies in the spirit.” That’ll make ‘em feel special.

Another speaker, a weirdo author named #Bill #Federer, who seems to think he’s a historian, told them they were “important people,” and that “God has chosen you” for this moment in history.

He cited a quote from Peter Thiel
— hi, gay libertarian techbro Peter Thiel!
— which said that “The political slogan of the antichrist is ‘peace and safety.’ ”

(Which is funny because isn’t that what all Trump’s Nazi scaremongering about being women’s protector is?)

Federer, jumping the shark completely, told the crowd that
“Someday, you’re going to be dead” and in Heaven
— specifically in Moses’s living room,
some kind of celestial onesie party, I guess
— and Moses will tell stories of all the hot shit he did and David will talk about that one time he fucked up Goliath,

and then everybody will look at the MAGA Christians and ask them what they did.
https://evanhurst.substack.com/p/lets-meet-jd-vances-creepy-christian

This isn’t about J.D. #Vance hanging out with pro-Russian fascist podcasters who gleefully platform Holocaust deniers,
-- although that’s definitely a thing.

And it’s not specifically about the libertarian/authoritarian #Peter #Thiel techbro creepers who basically created J.D. in a lab, without whom he’d literally be nothing.
-- But both of those things are related to these things.

This is about the #Christian #nationalists who find themselves in J.D. Vance’s orbit, and he in theirs
— people who are literally prayer-gasming themselves right now at the idea of having one of their own freaks a heartbeat away from the presidency.

To start off with, did y’all hear about the town hall Vance just did with #Lance #Wallnau, one of the most #dangerous “Seven Mountains” Christian Nationalist #Dominionists in the country?

Lance Wallnau is perhaps the foremost figure in what’s called the #New #Apostolic #Reformation movement, which teaches that Christians have a mandate from Heaven to exert dominion over what they call the seven “mountains” of American life
— family, religion, education, media, entertainment, business, and government.

There is no room for democracy in this movement,
it’s authoritarian,
and it craves a dictator.

Wallnau is fucking bonkers.
His movement is fucking bonkers.

Wallnau believes people on the left are literal #demons,
that Kamala Harris has a “Jezebel Spirit,” and so much more.

Oh, and of course, Wallnau and the New Apostolic Reformation believe Donald Trump is a modern-day King Cyrus,
a pagan emperor being used by God to bring forth his kingdom on earth.

Ayup. So it’s not surprising that Wallnau and his movement are deeply entwined with the “Stop the Steal” movement,
which did what it did on January 6, 2021 at the U.S. Capitol.

Wallnau has been doing something called the #Courage #Tour.

And sweet, kind, caring, moderate J.D. Vance was a special guest on that Courage Tour last weekend in Pennsylvania,
though he was careful not to appear with Wallnau, and did his best to make the event seem as innocuous as possible.

As it happens, Stephanie McCrummen published an article in The Atlantic this week called
“The Christian Radicals Are Coming,”
which is all about the tour’s stop in Eau Claire, Wisconsin.

Half Pentecostal tent revival, half voter registration and mobilization event, the thousands who attended were treated to several days of the kind of radicalizing, violent rhetoric you usually hear in documentaries about, well, radicalized movements that turn violent.

Wallnau told congregants about a scene from Gladiator featuring its main character Maximus, and asked the crowd if they were ready to be “activated in your Maximus anointing.”

He told attendees he suspected they were “nobodies on earth who are somebodies in the spirit.” That’ll make ‘em feel special.

Another speaker, a weirdo author named #Bill #Federer, who seems to think he’s a historian, told them they were “important people,” and that “God has chosen you” for this moment in history.

He cited a quote from Peter Thiel
— hi, gay libertarian techbro Peter Thiel!
— which said that “The political slogan of the antichrist is ‘peace and safety.’ ”

(Which is funny because isn’t that what all Trump’s Nazi scaremongering about being women’s protector is?)

Federer, jumping the shark completely, told the crowd that
“Someday, you’re going to be dead” and in Heaven
— specifically in Moses’s living room,
some kind of celestial onesie party, I guess
— and Moses will tell stories of all the hot shit he did and David will talk about that one time he fucked up Goliath,

and then everybody will look at the MAGA Christians and ask them what they did.
https://evanhurst.substack.com/p/lets-meet-jd-vances-creepy-christian

This isn’t about J.D. #Vance hanging out with pro-Russian fascist podcasters who gleefully platform Holocaust deniers,
-- although that’s definitely a thing.

And it’s not specifically about the libertarian/authoritarian #Peter #Thiel techbro creepers who basically created J.D. in a lab, without whom he’d literally be nothing.
-- But both of those things are related to these things.

This is about the #Christian #nationalists who find themselves in J.D. Vance’s orbit, and he in theirs
— people who are literally prayer-gasming themselves right now at the idea of having one of their own freaks a heartbeat away from the presidency.

To start off with, did y’all hear about the town hall Vance just did with #Lance #Wallnau, one of the most #dangerous “Seven Mountains” Christian Nationalist #Dominionists in the country?

Lance Wallnau is perhaps the foremost figure in what’s called the #New #Apostolic #Reformation movement, which teaches that Christians have a mandate from Heaven to exert dominion over what they call the seven “mountains” of American life
— family, religion, education, media, entertainment, business, and government.

There is no room for democracy in this movement,
it’s authoritarian,
and it craves a dictator.

Wallnau is fucking bonkers.
His movement is fucking bonkers.

Wallnau believes people on the left are literal #demons,
that Kamala Harris has a “Jezebel Spirit,” and so much more.

Oh, and of course, Wallnau and the New Apostolic Reformation believe Donald Trump is a modern-day King Cyrus,
a pagan emperor being used by God to bring forth his kingdom on earth.

Ayup. So it’s not surprising that Wallnau and his movement are deeply entwined with the “Stop the Steal” movement,
which did what it did on January 6, 2021 at the U.S. Capitol.

Wallnau has been doing something called the #Courage #Tour.

And sweet, kind, caring, moderate J.D. Vance was a special guest on that Courage Tour last weekend in Pennsylvania,
though he was careful not to appear with Wallnau, and did his best to make the event seem as innocuous as possible.

As it happens, Stephanie McCrummen published an article in The Atlantic this week called
“The Christian Radicals Are Coming,”
which is all about the tour’s stop in Eau Claire, Wisconsin.

Half Pentecostal tent revival, half voter registration and mobilization event, the thousands who attended were treated to several days of the kind of radicalizing, violent rhetoric you usually hear in documentaries about, well, radicalized movements that turn violent.

Wallnau told congregants about a scene from Gladiator featuring its main character Maximus, and asked the crowd if they were ready to be “activated in your Maximus anointing.”

He told attendees he suspected they were “nobodies on earth who are somebodies in the spirit.” That’ll make ‘em feel special.

Another speaker, a weirdo author named #Bill #Federer, who seems to think he’s a historian, told them they were “important people,” and that “God has chosen you” for this moment in history.

He cited a quote from Peter Thiel
— hi, gay libertarian techbro Peter Thiel!
— which said that “The political slogan of the antichrist is ‘peace and safety.’ ”

(Which is funny because isn’t that what all Trump’s Nazi scaremongering about being women’s protector is?)

Federer, jumping the shark completely, told the crowd that
“Someday, you’re going to be dead” and in Heaven
— specifically in Moses’s living room,
some kind of celestial onesie party, I guess
— and Moses will tell stories of all the hot shit he did and David will talk about that one time he fucked up Goliath,

and then everybody will look at the MAGA Christians and ask them what they did.
https://evanhurst.substack.com/p/lets-meet-jd-vances-creepy-christian

This isn’t about J.D. #Vance hanging out with pro-Russian fascist podcasters who gleefully platform Holocaust deniers,
-- although that’s definitely a thing.

And it’s not specifically about the libertarian/authoritarian #Peter #Thiel techbro creepers who basically created J.D. in a lab, without whom he’d literally be nothing.
-- But both of those things are related to these things.

This is about the #Christian #nationalists who find themselves in J.D. Vance’s orbit, and he in theirs
— people who are literally prayer-gasming themselves right now at the idea of having one of their own freaks a heartbeat away from the presidency.

To start off with, did y’all hear about the town hall Vance just did with #Lance #Wallnau, one of the most #dangerous “Seven Mountains” Christian Nationalist #Dominionists in the country?

Lance Wallnau is perhaps the foremost figure in what’s called the #New #Apostolic #Reformation movement, which teaches that Christians have a mandate from Heaven to exert dominion over what they call the seven “mountains” of American life
— family, religion, education, media, entertainment, business, and government.

There is no room for democracy in this movement,
it’s authoritarian,
and it craves a dictator.

Wallnau is fucking bonkers.
His movement is fucking bonkers.

Wallnau believes people on the left are literal #demons,
that Kamala Harris has a “Jezebel Spirit,” and so much more.

Oh, and of course, Wallnau and the New Apostolic Reformation believe Donald Trump is a modern-day King Cyrus,
a pagan emperor being used by God to bring forth his kingdom on earth.

Ayup. So it’s not surprising that Wallnau and his movement are deeply entwined with the “Stop the Steal” movement,
which did what it did on January 6, 2021 at the U.S. Capitol.

Wallnau has been doing something called the #Courage #Tour.

And sweet, kind, caring, moderate J.D. Vance was a special guest on that Courage Tour last weekend in Pennsylvania,
though he was careful not to appear with Wallnau, and did his best to make the event seem as innocuous as possible.

As it happens, Stephanie McCrummen published an article in The Atlantic this week called
“The Christian Radicals Are Coming,”
which is all about the tour’s stop in Eau Claire, Wisconsin.

Half Pentecostal tent revival, half voter registration and mobilization event, the thousands who attended were treated to several days of the kind of radicalizing, violent rhetoric you usually hear in documentaries about, well, radicalized movements that turn violent.

Wallnau told congregants about a scene from Gladiator featuring its main character Maximus, and asked the crowd if they were ready to be “activated in your Maximus anointing.”

He told attendees he suspected they were “nobodies on earth who are somebodies in the spirit.” That’ll make ‘em feel special.

Another speaker, a weirdo author named #Bill #Federer, who seems to think he’s a historian, told them they were “important people,” and that “God has chosen you” for this moment in history.

He cited a quote from Peter Thiel
— hi, gay libertarian techbro Peter Thiel!
— which said that “The political slogan of the antichrist is ‘peace and safety.’ ”

(Which is funny because isn’t that what all Trump’s Nazi scaremongering about being women’s protector is?)

Federer, jumping the shark completely, told the crowd that
“Someday, you’re going to be dead” and in Heaven
— specifically in Moses’s living room,
some kind of celestial onesie party, I guess
— and Moses will tell stories of all the hot shit he did and David will talk about that one time he fucked up Goliath,

and then everybody will look at the MAGA Christians and ask them what they did.
https://evanhurst.substack.com/p/lets-meet-jd-vances-creepy-christian

This isn’t about J.D. #Vance hanging out with pro-Russian fascist podcasters who gleefully platform Holocaust deniers,
-- although that’s definitely a thing.

And it’s not specifically about the libertarian/authoritarian #Peter #Thiel techbro creepers who basically created J.D. in a lab, without whom he’d literally be nothing.
-- But both of those things are related to these things.

This is about the #Christian #nationalists who find themselves in J.D. Vance’s orbit, and he in theirs
— people who are literally prayer-gasming themselves right now at the idea of having one of their own freaks a heartbeat away from the presidency.

To start off with, did y’all hear about the town hall Vance just did with #Lance #Wallnau, one of the most #dangerous “Seven Mountains” Christian Nationalist #Dominionists in the country?

Lance Wallnau is perhaps the foremost figure in what’s called the #New #Apostolic #Reformation movement, which teaches that Christians have a mandate from Heaven to exert dominion over what they call the seven “mountains” of American life
— family, religion, education, media, entertainment, business, and government.

There is no room for democracy in this movement,
it’s authoritarian,
and it craves a dictator.

Wallnau is fucking bonkers.
His movement is fucking bonkers.

Wallnau believes people on the left are literal #demons,
that Kamala Harris has a “Jezebel Spirit,” and so much more.

Oh, and of course, Wallnau and the New Apostolic Reformation believe Donald Trump is a modern-day King Cyrus,
a pagan emperor being used by God to bring forth his kingdom on earth.

Ayup. So it’s not surprising that Wallnau and his movement are deeply entwined with the “Stop the Steal” movement,
which did what it did on January 6, 2021 at the U.S. Capitol.

Wallnau has been doing something called the #Courage #Tour.

And sweet, kind, caring, moderate J.D. Vance was a special guest on that Courage Tour last weekend in Pennsylvania,
though he was careful not to appear with Wallnau, and did his best to make the event seem as innocuous as possible.

As it happens, Stephanie McCrummen published an article in The Atlantic this week called
“The Christian Radicals Are Coming,”
which is all about the tour’s stop in Eau Claire, Wisconsin.

Half Pentecostal tent revival, half voter registration and mobilization event, the thousands who attended were treated to several days of the kind of radicalizing, violent rhetoric you usually hear in documentaries about, well, radicalized movements that turn violent.

Wallnau told congregants about a scene from Gladiator featuring its main character Maximus, and asked the crowd if they were ready to be “activated in your Maximus anointing.”

He told attendees he suspected they were “nobodies on earth who are somebodies in the spirit.” That’ll make ‘em feel special.

Another speaker, a weirdo author named #Bill #Federer, who seems to think he’s a historian, told them they were “important people,” and that “God has chosen you” for this moment in history.

He cited a quote from Peter Thiel
— hi, gay libertarian techbro Peter Thiel!
— which said that “The political slogan of the antichrist is ‘peace and safety.’ ”

(Which is funny because isn’t that what all Trump’s Nazi scaremongering about being women’s protector is?)

Federer, jumping the shark completely, told the crowd that
“Someday, you’re going to be dead” and in Heaven
— specifically in Moses’s living room,
some kind of celestial onesie party, I guess
— and Moses will tell stories of all the hot shit he did and David will talk about that one time he fucked up Goliath,

and then everybody will look at the MAGA Christians and ask them what they did.
https://evanhurst.substack.com/p/lets-meet-jd-vances-creepy-christian

Stephen Wolfe grew up in Napa, California,
and his father was an admirer of the right-wing pundit and erstwhile GOP presidential candidate Pat Buchanan.

After attending West Point and serving in the Army, Wolfe earned advanced degrees before leaving academia to
“do the Wendell Berry thing”
in North Carolina with his wife and four kids.

Over the summer, Wolfe, 41, agreed to speak with me on the condition that I refer to him as “Dr. Wolfe”
and call him an “expert on Christian nationalism.”

The Dr. Wolfe I spoke with was a more muted version of the firebrand I’d watched online.

He said his ideal version of America would be led by a Caesar figure.

Gay marriage would be strictly prohibited.

Women would not be allowed to vote
—instead, men would vote for their households.

When I brought up the bit from his book about heretics being killed, he grew annoyed.

“I do think it’s permissible, in principle, for a state to suppress theological heresy,
but that doesn’t mean that it’s prudent or proper,
suitable in every circumstance or every tradition or way of life.”

The Founding Fathers, he added, had encouraged religious liberty,
so killing heretics would not be appropriate in the United States that we inhabit.

We turned to remarks he had made at a recent conference convened by Brian Sauvé:
“I think we need to reflect on this idea of Judeo-Christianity,
or Judeo-Christian worldview,
or Judeo-Christian whatever,
and really eradicate that from our thinking.

Because if we say that America is a
Judeo-Christian country,
then it can’t be a Christian country, okay?”

What role, I asked him, would Jews play?

After a deep sigh, he told me that they would be allowed to “exercise their religion freely.”

We spoke a week before Vance’s RNC speech,
and Wolfe’s remarks helped me understand what the TheoBros heard in Vance’s phrase about
"America as a people".

The founders, Wolfe noted, intended for their country to be “Anglo-Protestant with an American inflection.”

America, he continued, is “a place of settlement and rootedness,
but it’s an open ethnicity in which people can become one of us.”

Which is to say that, like some others, Wolfe is not necessarily opposed to the idea of nonwhite people in America
—as long as they agree to assimilate to the Anglo-Protestant dominant culture.

In this telling, America is not a pluralistic society at all,
but rather one in which there exists an uneasy truce between Christians and those they reluctantly tolerate.

Toward the end of our conversation, I asked Wolfe what motivated him.

“I want Christians to be more assertive and to recognize the Christian heritage of the American way of life,
and to seek to restore that,” he said.

“This is a Christian country, and we’ve got to work to restore it to what it once was"

In his keynote address at Sauvé’s conference, titled “Why Multicultural Pluralism Fails and What to Build Instead,”
Wolfe called the concept of America as a melting pot
“an early 20th-century idea cooked up by a Jew in New York who despised the confident Anglo-Protestant establishment.”

WASPs were the “distinct ethnicity” of America, he insisted,

and America should only welcome those who aspired to assimilate.

As he put it, “This is our homeland, and we welcome you on the condition of conformity.”

Or, in the words of JD Vance, America “is a group of people.”

https://www.motherjones.com/politics/2024/09/theobros-jd-vance-christian-nationalism/

#Heritage #Action #Andrew #Isker #Andrew #Torba #Gab #refugees #Paul #Gottfried #Richard #Spencer #William #Wolfe #Big #Eva #Josh #Abbotoy #Claremont #Institute #Project2025 #Heritage #Foundation #Chris #Buskirk #Rockbridge #Network #Leonard #Leo #Peter #Thiel #Vance #Josh #Clemans #Charles #Haywood #warlord #Nate #Fischer #Brian #Sauvé #Mefferd #Joel #Webbon #dominant #man #submissive #woman #Hawley #Johnson #Lee #Vance #Trump #Turning #Point #USA #Tucker #Carlson #flamethrower #Douglas #Wilson #Calvinism #Vance #hypermasculinity #birthrates #ethnonationalism #misogyny #TheoBros #Calvin #Rushdoony #homeschooling #charismatic #New #Apostolic #Reformation #reformed #TheoBros #apostles #prophets #Bible #postmillennialism #Aaron #Renn #Andrew #Isker #Douglas #Wilson #shared #history #patriarchal #Christian #nationalism #young #pastors #Christian #prince #women #flogging #Franco #multiculturalism #Taylor #Swift

Stephen Wolfe grew up in Napa, California,
and his father was an admirer of the right-wing pundit and erstwhile GOP presidential candidate Pat Buchanan.

After attending West Point and serving in the Army, Wolfe earned advanced degrees before leaving academia to
“do the Wendell Berry thing”
in North Carolina with his wife and four kids.

Over the summer, Wolfe, 41, agreed to speak with me on the condition that I refer to him as “Dr. Wolfe”
and call him an “expert on Christian nationalism.”

The Dr. Wolfe I spoke with was a more muted version of the firebrand I’d watched online.

He said his ideal version of America would be led by a Caesar figure.

Gay marriage would be strictly prohibited.

Women would not be allowed to vote
—instead, men would vote for their households.

When I brought up the bit from his book about heretics being killed, he grew annoyed.

“I do think it’s permissible, in principle, for a state to suppress theological heresy,
but that doesn’t mean that it’s prudent or proper,
suitable in every circumstance or every tradition or way of life.”

The Founding Fathers, he added, had encouraged religious liberty,
so killing heretics would not be appropriate in the United States that we inhabit.

We turned to remarks he had made at a recent conference convened by Brian Sauvé:
“I think we need to reflect on this idea of Judeo-Christianity,
or Judeo-Christian worldview,
or Judeo-Christian whatever,
and really eradicate that from our thinking.

Because if we say that America is a
Judeo-Christian country,
then it can’t be a Christian country, okay?”

What role, I asked him, would Jews play?

After a deep sigh, he told me that they would be allowed to “exercise their religion freely.”

We spoke a week before Vance’s RNC speech,
and Wolfe’s remarks helped me understand what the TheoBros heard in Vance’s phrase about
"America as a people".

The founders, Wolfe noted, intended for their country to be “Anglo-Protestant with an American inflection.”

America, he continued, is “a place of settlement and rootedness,
but it’s an open ethnicity in which people can become one of us.”

Which is to say that, like some others, Wolfe is not necessarily opposed to the idea of nonwhite people in America
—as long as they agree to assimilate to the Anglo-Protestant dominant culture.

In this telling, America is not a pluralistic society at all,
but rather one in which there exists an uneasy truce between Christians and those they reluctantly tolerate.

Toward the end of our conversation, I asked Wolfe what motivated him.

“I want Christians to be more assertive and to recognize the Christian heritage of the American way of life,
and to seek to restore that,” he said.

“This is a Christian country, and we’ve got to work to restore it to what it once was"

In his keynote address at Sauvé’s conference, titled “Why Multicultural Pluralism Fails and What to Build Instead,”
Wolfe called the concept of America as a melting pot
“an early 20th-century idea cooked up by a Jew in New York who despised the confident Anglo-Protestant establishment.”

WASPs were the “distinct ethnicity” of America, he insisted,

and America should only welcome those who aspired to assimilate.

As he put it, “This is our homeland, and we welcome you on the condition of conformity.”

Or, in the words of JD Vance, America “is a group of people.”

https://www.motherjones.com/politics/2024/09/theobros-jd-vance-christian-nationalism/

#Heritage #Action #Andrew #Isker #Andrew #Torba #Gab #refugees #Paul #Gottfried #Richard #Spencer #William #Wolfe #Big #Eva #Josh #Abbotoy #Claremont #Institute #Project2025 #Heritage #Foundation #Chris #Buskirk #Rockbridge #Network #Leonard #Leo #Peter #Thiel #Vance #Josh #Clemans #Charles #Haywood #warlord #Nate #Fischer #Brian #Sauvé #Mefferd #Joel #Webbon #dominant #man #submissive #woman #Hawley #Johnson #Lee #Vance #Trump #Turning #Point #USA #Tucker #Carlson #flamethrower #Douglas #Wilson #Calvinism #Vance #hypermasculinity #birthrates #ethnonationalism #misogyny #TheoBros #Calvin #Rushdoony #homeschooling #charismatic #New #Apostolic #Reformation #reformed #TheoBros #apostles #prophets #Bible #postmillennialism #Aaron #Renn #Andrew #Isker #Douglas #Wilson #shared #history #patriarchal #Christian #nationalism #young #pastors #Christian #prince #women #flogging #Franco #multiculturalism #Taylor #Swift

William Wolfe served in the Trump administration
both as the deputy assistant secretary of defense
and as director of House affairs at the Department of State.

He is also an alumnus of #Heritage #Action,
a sister organization of the Heritage Foundation,
the arch-conservative think tank behind Project 2025,
whose chief architect, Russell Vought, posted on X that he was “proud to work with @William_E_Wolfe on scoping out a sound Christian Nationalism.”

A few months later, the Bucks County Beacon uncovered a lengthy online manifesto on the goals of Christian nationalists.

The document, which listed Wolfe and Joel Webbon as contributing editors
and Oklahoma Sen. #Dusty #Deevers as a co-author,
called for “civil magistrates” to usher in 💥“the establishment of the Ten Commandments as the foundational law of the nation.”

The manifesto doesn’t specify exactly how Christian nationalists should achieve these goals.

As Tabachnick, the extremism researcher, interprets it, the TheoBros are imagining a utopia where “they are going to be free to be entrepreneurs in all different senses,
including the tech world that they’re mixing with so freely.”

The key, she said, is that authoritarianism “is required to have the utopian vision.”

Last year, the extremism watchdog group Right Wing Watch posted a video of Wolfe quoting a scripture passage.
There are times when “even the God of peace proclaims by his providence, ‘to arms!’” he says.

“If we have ever lived in a point of time in American history since then that we could argue that now is a time ‘to arms’ again, I think we are getting close.”

William Wolfe’s Christian nationalism manifesto made the rounds on social media,
but in mainstream conservative outlets,
it was #Stephen #Wolfe
(no relation to William)
who brought TheoBro ideas to the wider world.

In his book, which was praised by editors at the Federalist and the American Conservative,
Wolfe paints America as a “#gynocracy” whose government and culture have been feminized by unhappy women leaders.
(Sound familiar?)

He has stated on X that women should not have the right to vote, and that “interethnic” marriage can be “sinful.”

#Andrew #Isker #Andrew #Torba #Gab #refugees #Paul #Gottfried #Richard #Spencer #William #Wolfe #Big #Eva #Josh #Abbotoy #Claremont #Institute #Project2025 #Heritage #Foundation #Chris #Buskirk #Rockbridge #Network #Leonard #Leo #Peter #Thiel #Vance #Josh #Clemans #Charles #Haywood #warlord #Nate #Fischer #Brian #Sauvé #Mefferd #Joel #Webbon #dominant #man #submissive #woman #Hawley #Johnson #Lee #Vance #Trump #Turning #Point #USA #Tucker #Carlson #flamethrower #Douglas #Wilson #Calvinism #Vance #hypermasculinity #birthrates #ethnonationalism #misogyny #TheoBros #Calvin #Rushdoony #homeschooling #charismatic #New #Apostolic #Reformation #reformed #TheoBros #apostles #prophets #Bible #postmillennialism #Aaron #Renn #Andrew #Isker #Douglas #Wilson #shared #history #patriarchal #Christian #nationalism #young #pastors #Christian #prince #women #flogging #Franco #multiculturalism #Taylor #Swift

William Wolfe served in the Trump administration
both as the deputy assistant secretary of defense
and as director of House affairs at the Department of State.

He is also an alumnus of #Heritage #Action,
a sister organization of the Heritage Foundation,
the arch-conservative think tank behind Project 2025,
whose chief architect, Russell Vought, posted on X that he was “proud to work with @William_E_Wolfe on scoping out a sound Christian Nationalism.”

A few months later, the Bucks County Beacon uncovered a lengthy online manifesto on the goals of Christian nationalists.

The document, which listed Wolfe and Joel Webbon as contributing editors
and Oklahoma Sen. #Dusty #Deevers as a co-author,
called for “civil magistrates” to usher in 💥“the establishment of the Ten Commandments as the foundational law of the nation.”

The manifesto doesn’t specify exactly how Christian nationalists should achieve these goals.

As Tabachnick, the extremism researcher, interprets it, the TheoBros are imagining a utopia where “they are going to be free to be entrepreneurs in all different senses,
including the tech world that they’re mixing with so freely.”

The key, she said, is that authoritarianism “is required to have the utopian vision.”

Last year, the extremism watchdog group Right Wing Watch posted a video of Wolfe quoting a scripture passage.
There are times when “even the God of peace proclaims by his providence, ‘to arms!’” he says.

“If we have ever lived in a point of time in American history since then that we could argue that now is a time ‘to arms’ again, I think we are getting close.”

William Wolfe’s Christian nationalism manifesto made the rounds on social media,
but in mainstream conservative outlets,
it was #Stephen #Wolfe
(no relation to William)
who brought TheoBro ideas to the wider world.

In his book, which was praised by editors at the Federalist and the American Conservative,
Wolfe paints America as a “#gynocracy” whose government and culture have been feminized by unhappy women leaders.
(Sound familiar?)

He has stated on X that women should not have the right to vote, and that “interethnic” marriage can be “sinful.”

#Andrew #Isker #Andrew #Torba #Gab #refugees #Paul #Gottfried #Richard #Spencer #William #Wolfe #Big #Eva #Josh #Abbotoy #Claremont #Institute #Project2025 #Heritage #Foundation #Chris #Buskirk #Rockbridge #Network #Leonard #Leo #Peter #Thiel #Vance #Josh #Clemans #Charles #Haywood #warlord #Nate #Fischer #Brian #Sauvé #Mefferd #Joel #Webbon #dominant #man #submissive #woman #Hawley #Johnson #Lee #Vance #Trump #Turning #Point #USA #Tucker #Carlson #flamethrower #Douglas #Wilson #Calvinism #Vance #hypermasculinity #birthrates #ethnonationalism #misogyny #TheoBros #Calvin #Rushdoony #homeschooling #charismatic #New #Apostolic #Reformation #reformed #TheoBros #apostles #prophets #Bible #postmillennialism #Aaron #Renn #Andrew #Isker #Douglas #Wilson #shared #history #patriarchal #Christian #nationalism #young #pastors #Christian #prince #women #flogging #Franco #multiculturalism #Taylor #Swift

One eager customer is 38-year-old TheoBro #Andrew #Isker
—the pastor who interned at Wilson’s church,
studied divinity at New Saint Andrews,
and co-wrote a book on Christian nationalism with #Andrew #Torba,
the openly antisemitic CEO of the social media platform #Gab.

In July, Isker announced on X that he planned to move his family of seven to lead a church in a New Founding community in Tennessee.

Life in his native Minnesota, he said, had become untenable because of permissive laws around trans rights and abortion,
not to mention how hospitable the state has been to #refugees.

“Minnesota is one of the top destinations for resettling foreign people hostile to our way of life,” he said.

That month, Isker spoke at a Texas conference about the
“war on white America”
alongside #Paul #Gottfried,
the mentor of prominent white nationalist #Richard #Spencer.

The conference was hosted by the "True Texas Project",
a far-right group with ties to Sen. Ted Cruz (R-Texas) and Texas Attorney General Ken Paxton.

Like many TheoBros,
Isker sees much to like in Vance.

In early July, before Trump announced his running mate, Isker referred to him as
“Senator JD Vance (R-Heritage America).”

In late July, he posted a video of Vance and told his 29,000 followers,
“You need to double down on childless cat lady discourse.
Kamala sees happy, large families and hates them.
She wants them destroyed.
She wants you to never be able to have this.
She is a nasty, bitter harridan who hates all that is true, good, and beautiful.”

One problem is that there simply are not enough TheoBros to populate Christian communities like the one Isker plans to move to.

Enter #William #Wolfe,
the founder of the
"Center for Baptist Leadership", which aims to persuade members of the Southern Baptist Convention that it,
the largest of all Protestant denominations in the United States,
has fallen prey to the corrupting forces of liberalism.

Baptists are only the beginning.

Wolfe wants to win over the entire evangelical mainstream,
which he and other TheoBros refer to as “#Big #Eva.”

In August, he posted on X,
“Once you realize that Big Eva thinks it’s a bigger sin to desire to preserve the customs, heritage, values, and cultural homogeneity of your own nation
than to kill the unborn in the womb, you can better understand their moral framework.”

#Josh #Abbotoy #Claremont #Institute #Project2025 #Heritage #Foundation #Chris #Buskirk #Rockbridge #Network #Leonard #Leo #Peter #Thiel #Vance #Josh #Clemans #Charles #Haywood #warlord #Nate #Fischer #Brian #Sauvé #Mefferd #Joel #Webbon #dominant #man #submissive #woman #Hawley #Johnson #Lee #Vance #Trump #Turning #Point #USA #Tucker #Carlson #flamethrower #Douglas #Wilson #Calvinism #Vance #hypermasculinity #birthrates #ethnonationalism #misogyny #TheoBros #Calvin #Rushdoony #homeschooling #charismatic #New #Apostolic #Reformation #reformed #TheoBros #apostles #prophets #Bible #postmillennialism #Aaron #Renn #Andrew #Isker #Douglas #Wilson #shared #history #patriarchal #Christian #nationalism #young #pastors #Christian #prince #women #flogging #Franco #multiculturalism #Taylor #Swift

One eager customer is 38-year-old TheoBro #Andrew #Isker
—the pastor who interned at Wilson’s church,
studied divinity at New Saint Andrews,
and co-wrote a book on Christian nationalism with #Andrew #Torba,
the openly antisemitic CEO of the social media platform #Gab.

In July, Isker announced on X that he planned to move his family of seven to lead a church in a New Founding community in Tennessee.

Life in his native Minnesota, he said, had become untenable because of permissive laws around trans rights and abortion,
not to mention how hospitable the state has been to #refugees.

“Minnesota is one of the top destinations for resettling foreign people hostile to our way of life,” he said.

That month, Isker spoke at a Texas conference about the
“war on white America”
alongside #Paul #Gottfried,
the mentor of prominent white nationalist #Richard #Spencer.

The conference was hosted by the "True Texas Project",
a far-right group with ties to Sen. Ted Cruz (R-Texas) and Texas Attorney General Ken Paxton.

Like many TheoBros,
Isker sees much to like in Vance.

In early July, before Trump announced his running mate, Isker referred to him as
“Senator JD Vance (R-Heritage America).”

In late July, he posted a video of Vance and told his 29,000 followers,
“You need to double down on childless cat lady discourse.
Kamala sees happy, large families and hates them.
She wants them destroyed.
She wants you to never be able to have this.
She is a nasty, bitter harridan who hates all that is true, good, and beautiful.”

One problem is that there simply are not enough TheoBros to populate Christian communities like the one Isker plans to move to.

Enter #William #Wolfe,
the founder of the
"Center for Baptist Leadership", which aims to persuade members of the Southern Baptist Convention that it,
the largest of all Protestant denominations in the United States,
has fallen prey to the corrupting forces of liberalism.

Baptists are only the beginning.

Wolfe wants to win over the entire evangelical mainstream,
which he and other TheoBros refer to as “#Big #Eva.”

In August, he posted on X,
“Once you realize that Big Eva thinks it’s a bigger sin to desire to preserve the customs, heritage, values, and cultural homogeneity of your own nation
than to kill the unborn in the womb, you can better understand their moral framework.”

#Josh #Abbotoy #Claremont #Institute #Project2025 #Heritage #Foundation #Chris #Buskirk #Rockbridge #Network #Leonard #Leo #Peter #Thiel #Vance #Josh #Clemans #Charles #Haywood #warlord #Nate #Fischer #Brian #Sauvé #Mefferd #Joel #Webbon #dominant #man #submissive #woman #Hawley #Johnson #Lee #Vance #Trump #Turning #Point #USA #Tucker #Carlson #flamethrower #Douglas #Wilson #Calvinism #Vance #hypermasculinity #birthrates #ethnonationalism #misogyny #TheoBros #Calvin #Rushdoony #homeschooling #charismatic #New #Apostolic #Reformation #reformed #TheoBros #apostles #prophets #Bible #postmillennialism #Aaron #Renn #Andrew #Isker #Douglas #Wilson #shared #history #patriarchal #Christian #nationalism #young #pastors #Christian #prince #women #flogging #Franco #multiculturalism #Taylor #Swift

An even more well-connected Wilson emulator is
#Josh #Abbotoy,
executive director of "American Reformer"
and managing partner of a venture capital fund and real estate firm called "New Founding".

A former fellow of the right-wing think tank the #Claremont #Institute, Abbotoy reported that he recently participated in a #Project2025 presidential transition “strategic planning session”
hosted by the right-wing think tank the #Heritage #Foundation.

Bucks County Beacon reporter Jennifer Cohn revealed venture capitalist #Chris #Buskirk was listed as the editor and publisher.

In 2022, Buskirk co-founded the #Rockbridge #Network,
a collection of powerful Trump donors including Catholic judicial kingmaker #Leonard #Leo and Silicon Valley billionaire #Peter #Thiel.

Another co-founder of the Rockbridge Network?
None other than
JD #Vance.

Thiel, Vance’s mentor and former employer, is also a major funder of the National Conservatism movement.

Obsessed with global birthrates, Thiel spent $10 million on his protégé’s successful 2022 Senate campaign.

In July, shortly after Trump had announced Vance as his running mate,
Cohn surfaced a tweet by New Founding’s network director,
#Josh #Clemans:
a photo of Vance with several New Founding staffers.

The caption read “Our guy.”

New Founding lists as a partner the "Society for American Civic Renewal",
a secretive fraternal order founded by Indiana shampoo baron #Charles #Haywood,

who describes himself as an aspiring Christian “#warlord.”

According to founder #Nate #Fischer, New Founding wants to “form the backbone of a renewed American regime”
and that its members
“understand the nature of authority and its legitimate forceful exercise.”

But its main public-facing project appears to be turning tracts of land in Appalachia into Christian communities.

Promotional materials describe a community of
“unmatched seclusion”
where
“simple country faith”
protects local culture from rainbow flags and crime.

Potential buyers, he advises, should not delay.

“Who’s going to grab the land?
Is it going to be good, based people who want to build something inspiring,
something authentic to the region’s history,
or is it going to be Bill Gates and BlackRock and hippies from California?”

#Brian #Sauvé #Mefferd #Joel #Webbon #dominant #man #submissive #woman #Hawley #Johnson #Lee #Vance #Trump #Turning #Point #USA #Tucker #Carlson #flamethrower #Douglas #Wilson #Calvinism #Vance #hypermasculinity #birthrates #ethnonationalism #misogyny #TheoBros #Calvin #Rushdoony #homeschooling #charismatic #New #Apostolic #Reformation #reformed #TheoBros #apostles #prophets #Bible #postmillennialism #Aaron #Renn #Andrew #Isker #Douglas #Wilson #shared #history #patriarchal #Christian #nationalism #young #pastors #Christian #prince #women #flogging #Franco #multiculturalism #Taylor #Swift

An even more well-connected Wilson emulator is
#Josh #Abbotoy,
executive director of "American Reformer"
and managing partner of a venture capital fund and real estate firm called "New Founding".

A former fellow of the right-wing think tank the #Claremont #Institute, Abbotoy reported that he recently participated in a #Project2025 presidential transition “strategic planning session”
hosted by the right-wing think tank the #Heritage #Foundation.

Bucks County Beacon reporter Jennifer Cohn revealed venture capitalist #Chris #Buskirk was listed as the editor and publisher.

In 2022, Buskirk co-founded the #Rockbridge #Network,
a collection of powerful Trump donors including Catholic judicial kingmaker #Leonard #Leo and Silicon Valley billionaire #Peter #Thiel.

Another co-founder of the Rockbridge Network?
None other than
JD #Vance.

Thiel, Vance’s mentor and former employer, is also a major funder of the National Conservatism movement.

Obsessed with global birthrates, Thiel spent $10 million on his protégé’s successful 2022 Senate campaign.

In July, shortly after Trump had announced Vance as his running mate,
Cohn surfaced a tweet by New Founding’s network director,
#Josh #Clemans:
a photo of Vance with several New Founding staffers.

The caption read “Our guy.”

New Founding lists as a partner the "Society for American Civic Renewal",
a secretive fraternal order founded by Indiana shampoo baron #Charles #Haywood,

who describes himself as an aspiring Christian “#warlord.”

According to founder #Nate #Fischer, New Founding wants to “form the backbone of a renewed American regime”
and that its members
“understand the nature of authority and its legitimate forceful exercise.”

But its main public-facing project appears to be turning tracts of land in Appalachia into Christian communities.

Promotional materials describe a community of
“unmatched seclusion”
where
“simple country faith”
protects local culture from rainbow flags and crime.

Potential buyers, he advises, should not delay.

“Who’s going to grab the land?
Is it going to be good, based people who want to build something inspiring,
something authentic to the region’s history,
or is it going to be Bill Gates and BlackRock and hippies from California?”

#Brian #Sauvé #Mefferd #Joel #Webbon #dominant #man #submissive #woman #Hawley #Johnson #Lee #Vance #Trump #Turning #Point #USA #Tucker #Carlson #flamethrower #Douglas #Wilson #Calvinism #Vance #hypermasculinity #birthrates #ethnonationalism #misogyny #TheoBros #Calvin #Rushdoony #homeschooling #charismatic #New #Apostolic #Reformation #reformed #TheoBros #apostles #prophets #Bible #postmillennialism #Aaron #Renn #Andrew #Isker #Douglas #Wilson #shared #history #patriarchal #Christian #nationalism #young #pastors #Christian #prince #women #flogging #Franco #multiculturalism #Taylor #Swift

In August, Joel Webon remarked on his show that “a lot of people are gonna be surprised” when
“you’re spending eternity worshipping Christ next to Stonewall Jackson and Robert E. Lee and Jonathan Edwards,
and, you know, George Whitefield and Martin Luther King Jr.’s in hell.”

Webbon is so impressed by his own audacity that he maintains an online list of all the controversies in which he’s become embroiled.

There, he explains why he called Christian men living in California “stupid”

(they could just move to a red state);

why he once ordered his wife to stop reading a book on theology

(he didn’t want her exposed to beliefs that were different from his own);

and why he believes in a patriarchal household structure

(the Bible says so).

Webbon, who is planning to host a conference in Texas next spring called
“Christ Is King: How to Defeat Trashworld!”
maintains that a
“return to the Constitution is impossible”
and that the only viable alternative is the Ten Commandments.

Some of Wilson’s other acolytes are attempting to create their own versions of Moscow, Idaho.

Take #Brian #Sauvé, a 33-year-old Christian recording artist, podcaster, and pastor of "Refuge Church" in Ogden, Utah.

Like Webbon, Sauvé wasn’t always reformed
—Refuge began as a charismatic Christian church.

After the lead pastor resigned in a scandal, the then-24-year-old Sauvé ascended to take his place,
immersed himself in reformed theology,
and moved the church in a new direction.

Today, he presides over a Moscow-esque ecosystem:
a publishing house called "New Christendom Press",
as well as "St. Brendan’s Classical Christian Academy",
modeled after those in Wilson’s network.

“Can you feel it in the sails?” reads St. Brendan’s website.

“The stiff breeze out of Moscow, Idaho? -- We can.”

On his three podcasts and to his more than 53,000 followers on X, Sauvé regularly states that women’s primary function is to bear children.

In July, after Vance’s comments about “childless cat ladies who are miserable” began widely circulating,
he posted:
“It is desperately sad to think of all the intentionally barren women who will find themselves totally alone in their 50s,
realizing their irreversible mistake.

They will wish they could trade it all
—money, vacations, independence, all of it
—for children they can now never have.”

But unlike more mainstream conservatives,
Sauvé does not even pretend to champion the idea of a
Judeo-Christian nation.

He posted in July, “[O]ur political system is heavily influenced by Jews who reject Christ and embrace all manner of evils.”

#Mefferd #Joel #Webbon #dominant #man #submissive #woman #Hawley #Johnson #Lee #Vance #Trump #Turning #Point #USA #Tucker #Carlson #flamethrower #Douglas #Wilson #Calvinism #Vance #hypermasculinity #birthrates #ethnonationalism #misogyny #TheoBros #Calvin #Rushdoony #homeschooling #charismatic #New #Apostolic #Reformation #reformed #TheoBros #apostles #prophets #Bible #postmillennialism #Aaron #Renn #Andrew #Isker #Douglas #Wilson #shared #history #patriarchal #Christian #nationalism #young #pastors #Christian #prince #women #flogging #Franco #multiculturalism #Taylor #Swift

In August, Joel Webon remarked on his show that “a lot of people are gonna be surprised” when
“you’re spending eternity worshipping Christ next to Stonewall Jackson and Robert E. Lee and Jonathan Edwards,
and, you know, George Whitefield and Martin Luther King Jr.’s in hell.”

Webbon is so impressed by his own audacity that he maintains an online list of all the controversies in which he’s become embroiled.

There, he explains why he called Christian men living in California “stupid”

(they could just move to a red state);

why he once ordered his wife to stop reading a book on theology

(he didn’t want her exposed to beliefs that were different from his own);

and why he believes in a patriarchal household structure

(the Bible says so).

Webbon, who is planning to host a conference in Texas next spring called
“Christ Is King: How to Defeat Trashworld!”
maintains that a
“return to the Constitution is impossible”
and that the only viable alternative is the Ten Commandments.

Some of Wilson’s other acolytes are attempting to create their own versions of Moscow, Idaho.

Take #Brian #Sauvé, a 33-year-old Christian recording artist, podcaster, and pastor of "Refuge Church" in Ogden, Utah.

Like Webbon, Sauvé wasn’t always reformed
—Refuge began as a charismatic Christian church.

After the lead pastor resigned in a scandal, the then-24-year-old Sauvé ascended to take his place,
immersed himself in reformed theology,
and moved the church in a new direction.

Today, he presides over a Moscow-esque ecosystem:
a publishing house called "New Christendom Press",
as well as "St. Brendan’s Classical Christian Academy",
modeled after those in Wilson’s network.

“Can you feel it in the sails?” reads St. Brendan’s website.

“The stiff breeze out of Moscow, Idaho? -- We can.”

On his three podcasts and to his more than 53,000 followers on X, Sauvé regularly states that women’s primary function is to bear children.

In July, after Vance’s comments about “childless cat ladies who are miserable” began widely circulating,
he posted:
“It is desperately sad to think of all the intentionally barren women who will find themselves totally alone in their 50s,
realizing their irreversible mistake.

They will wish they could trade it all
—money, vacations, independence, all of it
—for children they can now never have.”

But unlike more mainstream conservatives,
Sauvé does not even pretend to champion the idea of a
Judeo-Christian nation.

He posted in July, “[O]ur political system is heavily influenced by Jews who reject Christ and embrace all manner of evils.”

#Mefferd #Joel #Webbon #dominant #man #submissive #woman #Hawley #Johnson #Lee #Vance #Trump #Turning #Point #USA #Tucker #Carlson #flamethrower #Douglas #Wilson #Calvinism #Vance #hypermasculinity #birthrates #ethnonationalism #misogyny #TheoBros #Calvin #Rushdoony #homeschooling #charismatic #New #Apostolic #Reformation #reformed #TheoBros #apostles #prophets #Bible #postmillennialism #Aaron #Renn #Andrew #Isker #Douglas #Wilson #shared #history #patriarchal #Christian #nationalism #young #pastors #Christian #prince #women #flogging #Franco #multiculturalism #Taylor #Swift

In subsequent videos, Douglas Wilson tackled women’s culpability in rape,
the dark side of empathy,
and the virtues of “something called the patriarchy
—that which, according to our
soi-disant and lisping political theorists, must be smashed...
Only they say something like ‘thmasth.’”

Wilson has used his platforms to anoint the next generation of ultraconservative reformed Christian pastors,
all of whom happened to be men.

#Mefferd, the conservative Christian journalist, told me that Wolfe’s "The Case for Christian Nationalism"
got traction in mainstream Christian circles in part
“because Doug Wilson endorsed.”

Another Wilson protégé is #Joel #Webbon, a 38-year-old pastor who hosts a podcast and YouTube show,
which he films from a wingback leather chair in a book-lined room.

Webbon wasn’t always reformed
— he is an alumnus of a Bible school run by a New Apostolic Reformation affiliated outfit,
— which he now considers “straight-up heretical.”

In his 20s, he broke from the group, moved to Texas, and started his own church.

In a video from a few years ago, Webbon credited Wilson with emboldening him to say whatever he wanted
—like telling a guest that the Founding Fathers weren’t responsible for the slave trade because Africans had done the actual kidnapping and enslaving.

For Webbon, it was intensely liberating to watch Wilson speak in public without worrying about being canceled.

“You stay in your little corner, you stay on your little leash, because you’re like, I don’t know what will happen,” Webbon said.

“But when you see some other guy do it, and you’re like
—that’s the worst thing that can happen?

Vice writes an article about you? [Christianity Today editor-in-chief] Russell Moore won’t invite you to his birthday party anymore?
Like, that’s it.”

At a recent conference, he registered dismay over immigrants in his community.

“It’s like full, straight-up Hindu garb at our neighborhood swimming pool,
that my daughter is asking [about and] I’m trying to explain.”
#dominant #man #submissive #woman #Hawley #Johnson #Lee #Vance #Trump #Turning #Point #USA #Tucker #Carlson #flamethrower #Douglas #Wilson #Calvinism #Vance #hypermasculinity #birthrates #ethnonationalism #misogyny #TheoBros #Calvin #Rushdoony #homeschooling #charismatic #New #Apostolic #Reformation #reformed #TheoBros #apostles #prophets #Bible #postmillennialism #Aaron #Renn #Andrew #Isker #Douglas #Wilson #shared #history #patriarchal #Christian #nationalism #young #pastors #Christian #prince #women #flogging #Franco #multiculturalism #Taylor #Swift

In subsequent videos, Douglas Wilson tackled women’s culpability in rape,
the dark side of empathy,
and the virtues of “something called the patriarchy
—that which, according to our
soi-disant and lisping political theorists, must be smashed...
Only they say something like ‘thmasth.’”

Wilson has used his platforms to anoint the next generation of ultraconservative reformed Christian pastors,
all of whom happened to be men.

#Mefferd, the conservative Christian journalist, told me that Wolfe’s "The Case for Christian Nationalism"
got traction in mainstream Christian circles in part
“because Doug Wilson endorsed.”

Another Wilson protégé is #Joel #Webbon, a 38-year-old pastor who hosts a podcast and YouTube show,
which he films from a wingback leather chair in a book-lined room.

Webbon wasn’t always reformed
— he is an alumnus of a Bible school run by a New Apostolic Reformation affiliated outfit,
— which he now considers “straight-up heretical.”

In his 20s, he broke from the group, moved to Texas, and started his own church.

In a video from a few years ago, Webbon credited Wilson with emboldening him to say whatever he wanted
—like telling a guest that the Founding Fathers weren’t responsible for the slave trade because Africans had done the actual kidnapping and enslaving.

For Webbon, it was intensely liberating to watch Wilson speak in public without worrying about being canceled.

“You stay in your little corner, you stay on your little leash, because you’re like, I don’t know what will happen,” Webbon said.

“But when you see some other guy do it, and you’re like
—that’s the worst thing that can happen?

Vice writes an article about you? [Christianity Today editor-in-chief] Russell Moore won’t invite you to his birthday party anymore?
Like, that’s it.”

At a recent conference, he registered dismay over immigrants in his community.

“It’s like full, straight-up Hindu garb at our neighborhood swimming pool,
that my daughter is asking [about and] I’m trying to explain.”
#dominant #man #submissive #woman #Hawley #Johnson #Lee #Vance #Trump #Turning #Point #USA #Tucker #Carlson #flamethrower #Douglas #Wilson #Calvinism #Vance #hypermasculinity #birthrates #ethnonationalism #misogyny #TheoBros #Calvin #Rushdoony #homeschooling #charismatic #New #Apostolic #Reformation #reformed #TheoBros #apostles #prophets #Bible #postmillennialism #Aaron #Renn #Andrew #Isker #Douglas #Wilson #shared #history #patriarchal #Christian #nationalism #young #pastors #Christian #prince #women #flogging #Franco #multiculturalism #Taylor #Swift

Douglas Wilson's influence over Moscow Idaho has not been without controversy.

In a 2021 Vice exposé, former members of "Christ Church" alleged that ministers had encouraged them to stay in abusive relationships.

That tracks with Wilson’s 1999 book, "Fidelity: How to Be a One-Woman Man",
in which he wrote,

“The sexual act cannot be made into an egalitarian pleasuring party.
A man penetrates, conquers, colonizes, plants.
A woman receives, surrenders, accepts.”

For that reason, Wilson wrote, the dynamic of a #dominant #man and a #submissive #woman is
“an erotic necessity.”

(Wilson called allegations of the church urging women to stay in abusive relationships “categorically false.”)

Wilson has also promoted another form of dominance.

In the 1996 book "Southern Slavery: As It Was",
Wilson and his co-author argued that the master-slave dynamic was “a relationship based upon mutual affection and confidence,”
-- and “there has never been a multi-racial society which has existed with such mutual intimacy and harmony in the history of the world” as that of the antebellum South.

(In a 2020 blog post, Wilson said he now allows that while “the benevolent master is not a myth, the idea of the horrific taskmaster is no abolitionist myth either.”)

When I asked Wilson about his controversial statements, he likened himself to a chef who strategically deploys jalapeno peppers:

“Then some of my enemies online have combed through my writings, have gathered up all the jalapenos and put them on one Ritz cracker.”

In July, at the "National Conservatism Conference"
in Washington, DC, Wilson shared the stage with Sens. Josh #Hawley (R-Mo.),
Ron #Johnson (R-Wis.),
and Mike #Lee (R-Utah),
as well as #Vance,
who auditioned his “America is a people” bit a week before his star turn at the GOP convention.

Wilson agrees with Vance’s suggestion that children should be allotted votes
-- managed by their parents.

“I would like to see elections where households vote,” he told me.

Men, as the heads of households, would actually cast the votes.

Though he believes that women’s suffrage was “a mistake,”
he would allow a special exception for single mothers.

Wilson offered the crowd a few one-liners
(“I’m a Presbyterian, not a Lesbyterian”),

but mostly, he talked about the persecution of Christians:

“It used to be that the sexually troubled had to keep their kinks hidden away in the closet,” he mused.

“Now it is the conservative Christian who needs to keep his virtues hidden in the recesses of the closet.”

After the "National Conservatism Conference", Wilson appeared at the "Believers’ Summit",
which was headlined by #Trump and hosted by the conservative political group #Turning #Point #USA.

But it’s not just conferences and interviews with the likes of #Tucker #Carlson where Wilson promotes his ideas.

He has a blog, a podcast, and a YouTube channel, thanks mostly to the urging of his children and younger colleagues.

One example is that every year since 2018, Wilson has been celebrating what he calls
No Quarter November:

“The month where we say out loud what everyone is thinking.”

In a 2023 video, which was the brainchild of one of his sons, Wilson sits at a sumptuously appointed Thanksgiving table,
surrounded by his children and grandchildren,
and addresses the camera.

“If you think of my blog as a shotgun,” he says,
“this is the month when I saw off all my typical, careful qualifications and blast away with a double-barreled shorty.”

His wife, clad in an apron, brings out a turkey and places it in front of him,
and then the tranquil scene is interrupted by a blaring alarm and a glowing red “perimeter breach” sign.

Wilson excuses himself, heads to his garage, and straps on a #flamethrower.

After using it to light a cigar, he aims the fire at cardboard cutouts of Disney princesses Elsa and Ariel, and the logos of Instagram, TikTok, Twitter, and Netflix.

Wilson’s willingness to make campy content sets him apart, says Rachel Tabachnick,
an extremism researcher who has been studying Christian nationalism for decades.

“Instead of a crotchety old guy talking about stoning people, he’s like, super cool,” she says. “He’s witty.”

#Douglas #Wilson #Calvinism #Vance #hypermasculinity #birthrates #ethnonationalism #misogyny #TheoBros #Calvin #Rushdoony #homeschooling #charismatic #New #Apostolic #Reformation #reformed #TheoBros #apostles #prophets #Bible #postmillennialism #Aaron #Renn #Andrew #Isker #Douglas #Wilson #shared #history #patriarchal #Christian #nationalism #young #pastors #Christian #prince #women #flogging #Franco #multiculturalism #Taylor #Swift

Douglas Wilson's influence over Moscow Idaho has not been without controversy.

In a 2021 Vice exposé, former members of "Christ Church" alleged that ministers had encouraged them to stay in abusive relationships.

That tracks with Wilson’s 1999 book, "Fidelity: How to Be a One-Woman Man",
in which he wrote,

“The sexual act cannot be made into an egalitarian pleasuring party.
A man penetrates, conquers, colonizes, plants.
A woman receives, surrenders, accepts.”

For that reason, Wilson wrote, the dynamic of a #dominant #man and a #submissive #woman is
“an erotic necessity.”

(Wilson called allegations of the church urging women to stay in abusive relationships “categorically false.”)

Wilson has also promoted another form of dominance.

In the 1996 book "Southern Slavery: As It Was",
Wilson and his co-author argued that the master-slave dynamic was “a relationship based upon mutual affection and confidence,”
-- and “there has never been a multi-racial society which has existed with such mutual intimacy and harmony in the history of the world” as that of the antebellum South.

(In a 2020 blog post, Wilson said he now allows that while “the benevolent master is not a myth, the idea of the horrific taskmaster is no abolitionist myth either.”)

When I asked Wilson about his controversial statements, he likened himself to a chef who strategically deploys jalapeno peppers:

“Then some of my enemies online have combed through my writings, have gathered up all the jalapenos and put them on one Ritz cracker.”

In July, at the "National Conservatism Conference"
in Washington, DC, Wilson shared the stage with Sens. Josh #Hawley (R-Mo.),
Ron #Johnson (R-Wis.),
and Mike #Lee (R-Utah),
as well as #Vance,
who auditioned his “America is a people” bit a week before his star turn at the GOP convention.

Wilson agrees with Vance’s suggestion that children should be allotted votes
-- managed by their parents.

“I would like to see elections where households vote,” he told me.

Men, as the heads of households, would actually cast the votes.

Though he believes that women’s suffrage was “a mistake,”
he would allow a special exception for single mothers.

Wilson offered the crowd a few one-liners
(“I’m a Presbyterian, not a Lesbyterian”),

but mostly, he talked about the persecution of Christians:

“It used to be that the sexually troubled had to keep their kinks hidden away in the closet,” he mused.

“Now it is the conservative Christian who needs to keep his virtues hidden in the recesses of the closet.”

After the "National Conservatism Conference", Wilson appeared at the "Believers’ Summit",
which was headlined by #Trump and hosted by the conservative political group #Turning #Point #USA.

But it’s not just conferences and interviews with the likes of #Tucker #Carlson where Wilson promotes his ideas.

He has a blog, a podcast, and a YouTube channel, thanks mostly to the urging of his children and younger colleagues.

One example is that every year since 2018, Wilson has been celebrating what he calls
No Quarter November:

“The month where we say out loud what everyone is thinking.”

In a 2023 video, which was the brainchild of one of his sons, Wilson sits at a sumptuously appointed Thanksgiving table,
surrounded by his children and grandchildren,
and addresses the camera.

“If you think of my blog as a shotgun,” he says,
“this is the month when I saw off all my typical, careful qualifications and blast away with a double-barreled shorty.”

His wife, clad in an apron, brings out a turkey and places it in front of him,
and then the tranquil scene is interrupted by a blaring alarm and a glowing red “perimeter breach” sign.

Wilson excuses himself, heads to his garage, and straps on a #flamethrower.

After using it to light a cigar, he aims the fire at cardboard cutouts of Disney princesses Elsa and Ariel, and the logos of Instagram, TikTok, Twitter, and Netflix.

Wilson’s willingness to make campy content sets him apart, says Rachel Tabachnick,
an extremism researcher who has been studying Christian nationalism for decades.

“Instead of a crotchety old guy talking about stoning people, he’s like, super cool,” she says. “He’s witty.”

#Douglas #Wilson #Calvinism #Vance #hypermasculinity #birthrates #ethnonationalism #misogyny #TheoBros #Calvin #Rushdoony #homeschooling #charismatic #New #Apostolic #Reformation #reformed #TheoBros #apostles #prophets #Bible #postmillennialism #Aaron #Renn #Andrew #Isker #Douglas #Wilson #shared #history #patriarchal #Christian #nationalism #young #pastors #Christian #prince #women #flogging #Franco #multiculturalism #Taylor #Swift

Like all self-respecting millennials, the TheoBros have little tolerance for boomers,
with the exception of their patriarch, #Douglas #Wilson,
a 71-year-old pastor in Moscow, Idaho.

When he was younger, Wilson imagined himself going into the family business
—Christian bookstores
—but after a stint in the military, he moved to Moscow in 1975 to study philosophy at the University of Idaho,
where he became involved with the "Jesus People",
a kind of mashup of evangelical and hippie culture.

He helped found "Christ Church",
the congregation over which he still presides and that regularly draws crowds of 1,300.

Wilson has since turned the college town into his own Christian kingdom.

He helped found "New Saint Andrews College",
the "Canon Press" publishing house,
and "Logos School",
one of the nation’s first classical Christian schools,

where students exclusively study the Western canon.

Wilson embraced #Calvinism in 1988 and remade his church from the freewheeling "Jesus People" hub into something far more sober and buttoned-up,
where women couldn’t be church leaders and the only music allowed was hymns and psalms.

In the early 1990s, Wilson helped launch the "Association of Classical Christian Schools", which had 502 member institutions across the United States as of March 2023.

#Vance #hypermasculinity #birthrates #ethnonationalism #misogyny #TheoBros #Calvin #Rushdoony #homeschooling #charismatic #New #Apostolic #Reformation #reformed #TheoBros #apostles #prophets #Bible #postmillennialism #Aaron #Renn #Andrew #Isker #Douglas #Wilson #shared #history #patriarchal #Christian #nationalism #young #pastors #Christian #prince #women #flogging #Franco #multiculturalism #Taylor #Swift

Like all self-respecting millennials, the TheoBros have little tolerance for boomers,
with the exception of their patriarch, #Douglas #Wilson,
a 71-year-old pastor in Moscow, Idaho.

When he was younger, Wilson imagined himself going into the family business
—Christian bookstores
—but after a stint in the military, he moved to Moscow in 1975 to study philosophy at the University of Idaho,
where he became involved with the "Jesus People",
a kind of mashup of evangelical and hippie culture.

He helped found "Christ Church",
the congregation over which he still presides and that regularly draws crowds of 1,300.

Wilson has since turned the college town into his own Christian kingdom.

He helped found "New Saint Andrews College",
the "Canon Press" publishing house,
and "Logos School",
one of the nation’s first classical Christian schools,

where students exclusively study the Western canon.

Wilson embraced #Calvinism in 1988 and remade his church from the freewheeling "Jesus People" hub into something far more sober and buttoned-up,
where women couldn’t be church leaders and the only music allowed was hymns and psalms.

In the early 1990s, Wilson helped launch the "Association of Classical Christian Schools", which had 502 member institutions across the United States as of March 2023.

#Vance #hypermasculinity #birthrates #ethnonationalism #misogyny #TheoBros #Calvin #Rushdoony #homeschooling #charismatic #New #Apostolic #Reformation #reformed #TheoBros #apostles #prophets #Bible #postmillennialism #Aaron #Renn #Andrew #Isker #Douglas #Wilson #shared #history #patriarchal #Christian #nationalism #young #pastors #Christian #prince #women #flogging #Franco #multiculturalism #Taylor #Swift

The TheoBros’ strategy is bottom-up:

They aim to convert small American towns into Christian enclaves.

But it is also top-down:

Some are working to position themselves close to the locus of federal power.

#Vance, a Catholic convert married to a Hindu, would seem an unlikely hero for a movement of devout Protestants who believe in a homogeneous America.

But over the last few years, his political orbit has increasingly overlapped with that of the TheoBros
—so much so that to careful observers, his public echoes of their ideas are beginning to sound less like coincidence and more like dog whistles

And those dog whistles signal the major themes of this election:
#hypermasculinity, declining #birthrates, #ethnonationalism
—and no small measure of carefully curated #misogyny.

If you want to know some of the actors who red-pilled Vance, or at least those who flock to him, you need to meet the #TheoBros.

With no meetings, website, or an explicit statement of faith that unifies their beliefs,
the TheoBros are not an official organization.

They identify with 16th-century French theologian John #Calvin, who spawned a rigid and deterministic form of Protestantism.

Julie Ingersoll, a University of North Florida religion scholar, traces the current movement back to
R.J. #Rushdoony, an Armenian American philosopher who popularized the idea of Christian nationalism
(and #homeschooling) in the early 1970s.

Out of Rushdoony’s movement emerged two camps:

♦️the #charismatic Christians, now known as the #New #Apostolic #Reformation,

♦️and the #reformed Protestants, which include the #TheoBros.

They share the goal of creating a Christian nation, says Ingersoll,
but differ on a key point of theology:

Adherents of the New Apostolic Reformation believe that God is still speaking directly to people through pastors who have declared themselves #apostles and #prophets.

The TheoBros, meanwhile, believe that God said all he needed to say in the #Bible.

Many TheoBros are also proponents of #postmillennialism, the idea that believers can ➡️ hasten Jesus’ return by fighting against the satanic forces of liberal excess.

TheoBro #Aaron #Renn, an Accenture consultant turned Christian pundit, has described our current era as a
“negative world,”
where Christians are persecuted for their beliefs.

#Andrew #Isker, another Bro, calls it “trashworld.”

#shared #history #patriarchal #Christian #nationalism #young #pastors #Christian #prince #women #flogging #Franco #multiculturalism #Taylor #Swift

The TheoBros’ strategy is bottom-up:

They aim to convert small American towns into Christian enclaves.

But it is also top-down:

Some are working to position themselves close to the locus of federal power.

#Vance, a Catholic convert married to a Hindu, would seem an unlikely hero for a movement of devout Protestants who believe in a homogeneous America.

But over the last few years, his political orbit has increasingly overlapped with that of the TheoBros
—so much so that to careful observers, his public echoes of their ideas are beginning to sound less like coincidence and more like dog whistles

And those dog whistles signal the major themes of this election:
#hypermasculinity, declining #birthrates, #ethnonationalism
—and no small measure of carefully curated #misogyny.

If you want to know some of the actors who red-pilled Vance, or at least those who flock to him, you need to meet the #TheoBros.

With no meetings, website, or an explicit statement of faith that unifies their beliefs,
the TheoBros are not an official organization.

They identify with 16th-century French theologian John #Calvin, who spawned a rigid and deterministic form of Protestantism.

Julie Ingersoll, a University of North Florida religion scholar, traces the current movement back to
R.J. #Rushdoony, an Armenian American philosopher who popularized the idea of Christian nationalism
(and #homeschooling) in the early 1970s.

Out of Rushdoony’s movement emerged two camps:

♦️the #charismatic Christians, now known as the #New #Apostolic #Reformation,

♦️and the #reformed Protestants, which include the #TheoBros.

They share the goal of creating a Christian nation, says Ingersoll,
but differ on a key point of theology:

Adherents of the New Apostolic Reformation believe that God is still speaking directly to people through pastors who have declared themselves #apostles and #prophets.

The TheoBros, meanwhile, believe that God said all he needed to say in the #Bible.

Many TheoBros are also proponents of #postmillennialism, the idea that believers can ➡️ hasten Jesus’ return by fighting against the satanic forces of liberal excess.

TheoBro #Aaron #Renn, an Accenture consultant turned Christian pundit, has described our current era as a
“negative world,”
where Christians are persecuted for their beliefs.

#Andrew #Isker, another Bro, calls it “trashworld.”

#shared #history #patriarchal #Christian #nationalism #young #pastors #Christian #prince #women #flogging #Franco #multiculturalism #Taylor #Swift

#OTD #Geschichte #Reformation #ThomasMüntzer

Vom #Mittelalter zur #Neuzeit:

Am 13. Juli 1524, also #heutevor genau 499 Jahren, hält Thomas Müntzer seine sogenannte "#Fürstenpredigt" auf der Burg Allstedt.

(https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%BCrstenpredigt)

Hierbei prangert er die Willkür der Obrigkeit an und deren mangelnde Reformtätigkeit.

Die Predigt markiert einen Umbruch in der Geistesgeschichte, denn es wird dem Untertan erstmals ein #Widerstandsrecht eingeräumt. ✊🏽

📷 https://www.demokratie-geschichte.de/index.php/4457/burg-und-schloss-allstedt/

#OTD #Geschichte #Reformation #ThomasMüntzer

Vom #Mittelalter zur #Neuzeit:

Am 13. Juli 1524, also #heutevor genau 499 Jahren, hält Thomas Müntzer seine sogenannte "#Fürstenpredigt" auf der Burg Allstedt.

(https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%BCrstenpredigt)

Hierbei prangert er die Willkür der Obrigkeit an und deren mangelnde Reformtätigkeit.

Die Predigt markiert einen Umbruch in der Geistesgeschichte, denn es wird dem Untertan erstmals ein #Widerstandsrecht eingeräumt. ✊🏽

📷 https://www.demokratie-geschichte.de/index.php/4457/burg-und-schloss-allstedt/

The best article I’ve read about the medieval German Catholic carnival. Take the time to translate it out of Russian. Very informative and interesting. Great discussion in many ways.

#Fastnacht
#Shembartlauf
#Nuremberg
#Craftsmen
#Reformation
#Year1349
#CatholicChurch
#Suppression
#CharlesIV
#CraftGuilds
#Butchers
#Uprising

https://pikabu.ru/story/stolitsa_srednevekovyikh_diskotek_7773287

The best article I’ve read about the medieval German Catholic carnival. Take the time to translate it out of Russian. Very informative and interesting. Great discussion in many ways.

#Fastnacht
#Shembartlauf
#Nuremberg
#Craftsmen
#Reformation
#Year1349
#CatholicChurch
#Suppression
#CharlesIV
#CraftGuilds
#Butchers
#Uprising

https://pikabu.ru/story/stolitsa_srednevekovyikh_diskotek_7773287

The best article I’ve read about the medieval German Catholic carnival. Take the time to translate it out of Russian. Very informative and interesting. Great discussion in many ways.

#Fastnacht
#Shembartlauf
#Nuremberg
#Craftsmen
#Reformation
#Year1349
#CatholicChurch
#Suppression
#CharlesIV
#CraftGuilds
#Butchers
#Uprising

https://pikabu.ru/story/stolitsa_srednevekovyikh_diskotek_7773287

The best article I’ve read about the medieval German Catholic carnival. Take the time to translate it out of Russian. Very informative and interesting. Great discussion in many ways.

#Fastnacht
#Shembartlauf
#Nuremberg
#Craftsmen
#Reformation
#Year1349
#CatholicChurch
#Suppression
#CharlesIV
#CraftGuilds
#Butchers
#Uprising

https://pikabu.ru/story/stolitsa_srednevekovyikh_diskotek_7773287

The best article I’ve read about the medieval German Catholic carnival. Take the time to translate it out of Russian. Very informative and interesting. Great discussion in many ways.

#Fastnacht
#Shembartlauf
#Nuremberg
#Craftsmen
#Reformation
#Year1349
#CatholicChurch
#Suppression
#CharlesIV
#CraftGuilds
#Butchers
#Uprising

https://pikabu.ru/story/stolitsa_srednevekovyikh_diskotek_7773287

Fraumünsterkirche . Dom- und Kaiserstadt Fritzlar

28. #Fraumünsterkirche

#FaustByGoethe, Vers 2836-2840: