#judaism — Public Fediverse posts

תִּכְלֶה שָׁנָה וְקִלְלוֹתֶיהָ, תִּכְלֶה שָׁנָה וְקִלְלוֹתֶיהָ, תִּכְלֶה שָׁנָה וְקִלְלוֹתֶיהָ, תִּכְלֶה שָׁנָה וְקִלְלוֹתֶיהָ, תִּכְלֶה שָׁנָה וְקִלְלוֹתֶיהָ, תִּכְלֶה שָׁנָה וְקִלְלוֹתֶיהָ, תִּכְלֶה שָׁנָה וְקִלְלוֹתֶיהָ, תִּכְלֶה שָׁנָה וְקִלְלוֹתֶיהָ,
תָּחֵל שָׁנָה וּבִרְכוֹתֶיהָ.
Let a year and its woes end, let a year and its blessings begin.
that's what many Jews sing on Rosh HaShana, which starts tonight.

happy Jewish new year everyone, shana tova. here's to one better than the last.
🍎 🍏 :pomegranate: :shofar:

#Jewish #RoshHaShana #ShanaTova #Jew #Jews #Judaism #NewYear #JewishNewYear #Tishrei

Shabbat candle lighting times for Israel and US

Shabbat candle lighting times for Israel and US | The Jerusalem PostJerusalem Post/JudaismSee Shabbat candle lighting times for…
#NewsBeep #News #BreakingNews #breakingnews #candlelighting #Israel #Judaism #Shabbat #shabbattimes
https://www.newsbeep.com/727411/

https://www.europesays.com/videos/91744/ Identity drives rise in religious rites attendance ahead of Jewish New Year • FRANCE 24 English #FRANCE24 #FRANCE24English #FRANCE24 #FRANCE24English #Israel #Judaism #MiddleEast #religion

Attendance at the Western Wall to recite “selihot”, or “prayers of penitence”, forty days before Yom Kippur has broken all records once again this year. Among the faithful are many young people not necessarily from Jewish orthodox backgrounds, but are part of a trend that is part religious, part driven by identity. FRANCE 24's Stephane Amar reports from Jerusalem
#Israel #Judaism #religion

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NxZ730oaDN0

Attendance at the Western Wall to recite “selihot”, or “prayers of penitence”, forty days before Yom Kippur has broken all records once again this year. Among the faithful are many young people not necessarily from Jewish orthodox backgrounds, but are part of a trend that is part religious, part driven by identity. FRANCE 24's Stephane Amar reports from Jerusalem
#Israel #Judaism #religion

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NxZ730oaDN0

Attendance at the Western Wall to recite “selihot”, or “prayers of penitence”, forty days before Yom Kippur has broken all records once again this year. Among the faithful are many young people not necessarily from Jewish orthodox backgrounds, but are part of a trend that is part religious, part driven by identity. FRANCE 24's Stephane Amar reports from Jerusalem
#Israel #Judaism #religion

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NxZ730oaDN0

Attendance at the Western Wall to recite “selihot”, or “prayers of penitence”, forty days before Yom Kippur has broken all records once again this year. Among the faithful are many young people not necessarily from Jewish orthodox backgrounds, but are part of a trend that is part religious, part driven by identity. FRANCE 24's Stephane Amar reports from Jerusalem
#Israel #Judaism #religion

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NxZ730oaDN0

Attendance at the Western Wall to recite “selihot”, or “prayers of penitence”, forty days before Yom Kippur has broken all records once again this year. Among the faithful are many young people not necessarily from Jewish orthodox backgrounds, but are part of a trend that is part religious, part driven by identity. FRANCE 24's Stephane Amar reports from Jerusalem
#Israel #Judaism #religion

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NxZ730oaDN0

"There are numerous renowned #Jewish #children’s and #YA #authors and #illustrators whose identity and affiliation with #Judaism is well-known and often crops up in their work or personal interviews: #MauriceSendak, #JudyBlume and #SydneyTaylor to name but a few. But #bibliophiles may not be aware that there are a number of other famed and talented #kidlit creators over the last few decades who are, in fact, also members of the Tribe. Here’s a list of notable children and #youngadult #authors you may not have known are Jewish!"

https://www.kveller.com/5-kid-and-young-adult-authors-you-may-not-know-are-jewish/

"There are numerous renowned #Jewish #children’s and #YA #authors and #illustrators whose identity and affiliation with #Judaism is well-known and often crops up in their work or personal interviews: #MauriceSendak, #JudyBlume and #SydneyTaylor to name but a few. But #bibliophiles may not be aware that there are a number of other famed and talented #kidlit creators over the last few decades who are, in fact, also members of the Tribe. Here’s a list of notable children and #youngadult #authors you may not have known are Jewish!"

https://www.kveller.com/5-kid-and-young-adult-authors-you-may-not-know-are-jewish/

"There are numerous renowned #Jewish #children’s and #YA #authors and #illustrators whose identity and affiliation with #Judaism is well-known and often crops up in their work or personal interviews: #MauriceSendak, #JudyBlume and #SydneyTaylor to name but a few. But #bibliophiles may not be aware that there are a number of other famed and talented #kidlit creators over the last few decades who are, in fact, also members of the Tribe. Here’s a list of notable children and #youngadult #authors you may not have known are Jewish!"

https://www.kveller.com/5-kid-and-young-adult-authors-you-may-not-know-are-jewish/

"There are numerous renowned #Jewish #children’s and #YA #authors and #illustrators whose identity and affiliation with #Judaism is well-known and often crops up in their work or personal interviews: #MauriceSendak, #JudyBlume and #SydneyTaylor to name but a few. But #bibliophiles may not be aware that there are a number of other famed and talented #kidlit creators over the last few decades who are, in fact, also members of the Tribe. Here’s a list of notable children and #youngadult #authors you may not have known are Jewish!"

https://www.kveller.com/5-kid-and-young-adult-authors-you-may-not-know-are-jewish/

"There are numerous renowned #Jewish #children’s and #YA #authors and #illustrators whose identity and affiliation with #Judaism is well-known and often crops up in their work or personal interviews: #MauriceSendak, #JudyBlume and #SydneyTaylor to name but a few. But #bibliophiles may not be aware that there are a number of other famed and talented #kidlit creators over the last few decades who are, in fact, also members of the Tribe. Here’s a list of notable children and #youngadult #authors you may not have known are Jewish!"

https://www.kveller.com/5-kid-and-young-adult-authors-you-may-not-know-are-jewish/

Senior UK rabbis come out in support of sanctions on Israeli settlements
By Aamna Mohdin Community affairs correspondent

Spiritual leaders stress diversity of views within Jewish community and warn against inaction on settler violence

https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2026/sep/09/senior-uk-rabbis-come-out-in-support-of-sanctions-on-israeli-settlements

#Foreignpolicy #WestBank #Judaism #Politics #Religion #UKnews #Worldnews #Israel #Palestine #TheGuardian #AamnaMohdinCommunityaffairscorrespondent

Senior UK rabbis come out in support of sanctions on Israeli settlements
By Aamna Mohdin Community affairs correspondent

Spiritual leaders stress diversity of views within Jewish community and warn against inaction on settler violence

https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2026/sep/09/senior-uk-rabbis-come-out-in-support-of-sanctions-on-israeli-settlements

#Foreignpolicy #WestBank #Judaism #Politics #Religion #UKnews #Worldnews #Israel #Palestine #TheGuardian #AamnaMohdinCommunityaffairscorrespondent

Senior UK rabbis come out in support of sanctions on Israeli settlements
By Aamna Mohdin Community affairs correspondent

Spiritual leaders stress diversity of views within Jewish community and warn against inaction on settler violence

https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2026/sep/09/senior-uk-rabbis-come-out-in-support-of-sanctions-on-israeli-settlements

#Foreignpolicy #WestBank #Judaism #Politics #Religion #UKnews #Worldnews #Israel #Palestine #TheGuardian #AamnaMohdinCommunityaffairscorrespondent

Senior UK rabbis come out in support of sanctions on Israeli settlements
By Aamna Mohdin Community affairs correspondent

Spiritual leaders stress diversity of views within Jewish community and warn against inaction on settler violence

https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2026/sep/09/senior-uk-rabbis-come-out-in-support-of-sanctions-on-israeli-settlements

#Foreignpolicy #WestBank #Judaism #Politics #Religion #UKnews #Worldnews #Israel #Palestine #TheGuardian #AamnaMohdinCommunityaffairscorrespondent

Senior UK rabbis come out in support of sanctions on Israeli settlements
By Aamna Mohdin Community affairs correspondent

Spiritual leaders stress diversity of views within Jewish community and warn against inaction on settler violence

https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2026/sep/09/senior-uk-rabbis-come-out-in-support-of-sanctions-on-israeli-settlements

#Foreignpolicy #WestBank #Judaism #Politics #Religion #UKnews #Worldnews #Israel #Palestine #TheGuardian #AamnaMohdinCommunityaffairscorrespondent

Senior UK rabbis come out in support of sanctions on Israeli settlements https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2026/sep/09/senior-uk-rabbis-come-out-in-support-of-sanctions-on-israeli-settlements #ForeignPolicy #WestBank #Judaism #Politics #Religion #UkNews #WorldNews #Israel #Palestine

Senior UK rabbis come out in support of sanctions on Israeli settlements https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2026/sep/09/senior-uk-rabbis-come-out-in-support-of-sanctions-on-israeli-settlements #ForeignPolicy #WestBank #Judaism #Politics #Religion #UkNews #WorldNews #Israel #Palestine

Senior UK rabbis come out in support of sanctions on Israeli settlements https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2026/sep/09/senior-uk-rabbis-come-out-in-support-of-sanctions-on-israeli-settlements #ForeignPolicy #WestBank #Judaism #Politics #Religion #UkNews #WorldNews #Israel #Palestine

Senior UK rabbis come out in support of sanctions on Israeli settlements https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2026/sep/09/senior-uk-rabbis-come-out-in-support-of-sanctions-on-israeli-settlements #ForeignPolicy #WestBank #Judaism #Politics #Religion #UkNews #WorldNews #Israel #Palestine

Senior UK rabbis come out in support of sanctions on Israeli settlements https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2026/sep/09/senior-uk-rabbis-come-out-in-support-of-sanctions-on-israeli-settlements #ForeignPolicy #WestBank #Judaism #Politics #Religion #UkNews #WorldNews #Israel #Palestine

Jewish Heritage Europe: Czech Republic: A new database and map that document Holocaust monuments and memorials throughout the Czech Republic has been launched. “A new database and specialized map that systematically document Holocaust monuments and memorials located throughout the Czech Republic has been launched… It currently contains 616 detailed records and more than 5,550 photographs, […]

Jewish Heritage Europe: Czech Republic: A new database and map that document Holocaust monuments and memorials throughout the Czech Republic has been launched. “A new database and specialized map that systematically document Holocaust monuments and memorials located throughout the Czech Republic has been launched… It currently contains 616 detailed records and more than 5,550 photographs, […]

Jewish Heritage Europe: Czech Republic: A new database and map that document Holocaust monuments and memorials throughout the Czech Republic has been launched. “A new database and specialized map that systematically document Holocaust monuments and memorials located throughout the Czech Republic has been launched… It currently contains 616 detailed records and more than 5,550 photographs, […]

Jewish Heritage Europe: Czech Republic: A new database and map that document Holocaust monuments and memorials throughout the Czech Republic has been launched. “A new database and specialized map that systematically document Holocaust monuments and memorials located throughout the Czech Republic has been launched… It currently contains 616 detailed records and more than 5,550 photographs, […]

Jewish Heritage Europe: Czech Republic: A new database and map that document Holocaust monuments and memorials throughout the Czech Republic has been launched. “A new database and specialized map that systematically document Holocaust monuments and memorials located throughout the Czech Republic has been launched… It currently contains 616 detailed records and more than 5,550 photographs, […]

!Electronical-Computer-Mechanical
t.me/scilib_yura15cbx/373

!COmputer & Programming
#компьютер, #компьютеры, #ЭВМ, ремонт компьютеров, компьютерная техника, железо, #программы, #настройка, #диагностика, операционные системы, игровые приставки, аппаратные средства, computer, #computers, computers, computer repair, computer equipment, #hardware, #programs, #setup, #diagnostics, operating systems, game consoles, #hardware, #комп'ютер, #комп'ютери, #ЕОМ, ремонт комп'ютерів, комп'ютерна техніка, #залізо, #програми, #налаштування, діагностика, операційні системи, ігрові приставки, апаратні засоби ремонт телевизоров, #мониторы
t.me/scilib_yura15cbx/372

_Фонд редких книг
t.me/scilib_yura15cbx/371

Энергетика и целительство
Energy and healing, Енергетика та цілительство
t.me/scilib_yura15cbx/370

Эзотерическая рунология
Esoteric runology, Езотерична рунологія
t.me/scilib_yura15cbx/369

Шаманизм, Шаманізм, shamanism
#Шаманизм, #Шаманізм, #shamanism
t.me/scilib_yura15cbx/368

Фэн - шуй
Фен Шуй, Feng Shui
t.me/scilib_yura15cbx/367

Тантрическая традиция, Tantric tradition
t.me/scilib_yura15cbx/365

Медитации и транс, Meditation and trance
#Медитации и #транс, #Meditation and #trance
t.me/scilib_yura15cbx/364

Магия, Magic
#Магия, #Magic
t.me/scilib_yura15cbx/363

Каббала и Тора, Kabbalah and Torah
#Каббала и #Тора, #Kabbalah and #Torah
t.me/scilib_yura15cbx/362

Йога, Yoga
#Йога, #Yoga
t.me/scilib_yura15cbx/361

Иудаизм, Judaism
#Иудаизм, #Judaism
t.me/scilib_yura15cbx/360

Индуизм, Hinduism
#Индуизм, #Hinduism
t.me/scilib_yura15cbx/358

веды, Veda
#веды, #Veda
t.me/scilib_yura15cbx/356

suteres, koans
#suteres, #koans
t.me/scilib_yura15cbx/355

esoteric эзотерика мистика мистицизм оккультизм
#esoteric #эзотерика #мистика #мистицизм #оккультизм
t.me/scilib_yura15cbx/353

RELIGION
религия секты учения
#RELIGION
t.me/scilib_yura15cbx/352

_Цигун, qigong Qi Books
#Цигун, #qigong #Qi Books
t.me/scilib_yura15cbx/351

_буддизм, Buddhism
#буддизм, #Buddhism
t.me/scilib_yura15cbx/349

_Дзен, zen
#Дзен, #zen
t.me/scilib_yura15cbx/348

_Даосизм
Taoism
#Даосизм
#Taoism
t.me/scilib_yura15cbx/347

!Electronical-Computer-Mechanical
t.me/scilib_yura15cbx/373

!COmputer & Programming
#компьютер, #компьютеры, #ЭВМ, ремонт компьютеров, компьютерная техника, железо, #программы, #настройка, #диагностика, операционные системы, игровые приставки, аппаратные средства, computer, #computers, computers, computer repair, computer equipment, #hardware, #programs, #setup, #diagnostics, operating systems, game consoles, #hardware, #комп'ютер, #комп'ютери, #ЕОМ, ремонт комп'ютерів, комп'ютерна техніка, #залізо, #програми, #налаштування, діагностика, операційні системи, ігрові приставки, апаратні засоби ремонт телевизоров, #мониторы
t.me/scilib_yura15cbx/372

_Фонд редких книг
t.me/scilib_yura15cbx/371

Энергетика и целительство
Energy and healing, Енергетика та цілительство
t.me/scilib_yura15cbx/370

Эзотерическая рунология
Esoteric runology, Езотерична рунологія
t.me/scilib_yura15cbx/369

Шаманизм, Шаманізм, shamanism
#Шаманизм, #Шаманізм, #shamanism
t.me/scilib_yura15cbx/368

Фэн - шуй
Фен Шуй, Feng Shui
t.me/scilib_yura15cbx/367

Тантрическая традиция, Tantric tradition
t.me/scilib_yura15cbx/365

Медитации и транс, Meditation and trance
#Медитации и #транс, #Meditation and #trance
t.me/scilib_yura15cbx/364

Магия, Magic
#Магия, #Magic
t.me/scilib_yura15cbx/363

Каббала и Тора, Kabbalah and Torah
#Каббала и #Тора, #Kabbalah and #Torah
t.me/scilib_yura15cbx/362

Йога, Yoga
#Йога, #Yoga
t.me/scilib_yura15cbx/361

Иудаизм, Judaism
#Иудаизм, #Judaism
t.me/scilib_yura15cbx/360

Индуизм, Hinduism
#Индуизм, #Hinduism
t.me/scilib_yura15cbx/358

веды, Veda
#веды, #Veda
t.me/scilib_yura15cbx/356

suteres, koans
#suteres, #koans
t.me/scilib_yura15cbx/355

esoteric эзотерика мистика мистицизм оккультизм
#esoteric #эзотерика #мистика #мистицизм #оккультизм
t.me/scilib_yura15cbx/353

RELIGION
религия секты учения
#RELIGION
t.me/scilib_yura15cbx/352

_Цигун, qigong Qi Books
#Цигун, #qigong #Qi Books
t.me/scilib_yura15cbx/351

_буддизм, Buddhism
#буддизм, #Buddhism
t.me/scilib_yura15cbx/349

_Дзен, zen
#Дзен, #zen
t.me/scilib_yura15cbx/348

_Даосизм
Taoism
#Даосизм
#Taoism
t.me/scilib_yura15cbx/347

https://librivox.org/pagan-christian-creeds-their-origin-and-meaning-by-edward-carpenter/

Pagan & Christian Creeds: Their Origin and Meaning

This #audiobook strengthened by beliefs that #Christianity is not only originated in #Judaism but also in the whole culture of #antiquity especially that of the Roman Empire. In my opinion the Roman Church is called #catholic and not #Christian for this reason.

#history #books #philosophy

Ashkenazi Jews

Author’s Note: This post has mentions of Nazis, the Holocaust, & Nazi Germany. We completely understand if you wish to skip over this post. We’ll catch you in the next one!

Also known as Ashkenazic Jews, Ashkenazis, or Ashkenazim.

This is a form of distinct ethnic subdivision of the Jewish Diaspora. Emerging from the Jewish communities that consolidated during the 10th century in the Rhineland (Western Germany) & northern France. They migrated there from centers such as the Italian peninsula & the Southern Levant. This includes present-day Lebanon, Israel, Palestine, & Jordan.

After numerous massacres of Jews during the Crusades (11th-13th centuries), they began a gradual eastward migration due to mounting restrictions within the Holy Roman Empire & the favorable policies of Casimir the Great & others.

This diaspora ramped up after the persecution during the Black Death of the 14th century. The bulk of the Ashkenazi Jews had migrated to the Kingdom of Poland (which includes modern-day Poland, Lithuania, Belarus, Ukraine, & parts of Russia). This area became the main center of Ashkenazi Jewry until the Holocaust.

Ashkenazim adapted their traditions, rites, & customs to Europe. They traditionally followed the German rite synagogue ritual & until the Holocaust primarily spoke Yiddish, an offshoot of Middle High German written in a variety of the Hebrew script, with significant Hebrew, Aramaic, & Slavic influences.

The Yiddish language progressively declined in prestige, in favor of national languages & Hebrew, being stigmatized by assimilationists & later also Zionists. Though it was spoken by over 11 million people worldwide before the Holocaust. The Yiddishist movement, which sought to preserve & revive the language, faded through the 20th century. Including Duolingo adding Yiddish as a language.

As a proportion of the world Jewish population, Ashkenazim were estimated to be 3% in the 11th century, rising to 92% in 1930, near the population’s peak. The Ashkenazi population was significantly diminished by the Holocaust carried out by Nazi Germany during WWII, which killed around 6 million Jews. Before WWII, the estimated worldwide Jewish population was 15.3-16.7 million, with 92% being Ashkenazi. As of 2023, the population of Ashkenazim was estimated to be around 10-13 million out of 15.8 million total Jews.

The name Ashkenazi comes from the biblical figure of Ashkenaz. He’s the 1st son of Gomer, grandson of Japhet, great-grandson of Noah, & a Japhetic patriarch in the Table of Nations. The name for Gomer has often been linked to the Cimmerians.

The Biblical Ashkenazis are usually derived from Assyrian Askuza, a people who expelled the Cimmerians from the Armenian area of the Upper Euphrates. The name Askuza is identified with the Scythians.

In Jeremiah 51:27, Ashkenaz figures as 1 of 3 kingdoms in the far north, the others being Minni (or Mannaea), an ancient kingdom that flourished in northwestern Iran, & Arrat (corresponding to Urartu), called on by God to resist Babylon.

Ashkenaz is linked to Scandza/Scanzia (usually identified with Scandinavia), viewed as the cradle of Germanic tribes, in the 6th-century gloss to the Historia Ecclesiastica of Eusebius. In the 10th century, in the History of Armenia of Yovhannes Drasxanakertci, Ashkenaz was associated with Armenia.

As it was occasionally in Jewish usage, where its denotation extended at times to Adiabene, Khazaria, Chimea, & areas to the east. They’re also identified with the Slavim or Slavs. In keeping with the custom of designating areas of Jewish settlement with biblical names, Spain was called Sefarad (Obadiah 20), France was called Tsarefat (I Kings 17:9), & Bohemia was called the Land of Canaan.

Given the close links between the Jewish communities of France & Germany following the Carolingian unification, the term Ashkenazi came to refer to the Jews of both medieval Germany & France.

In later times, the word Ashkenaz is used to designate southern & western Germany, the ritual of which sections differs somewhat from that of eastern Germany & Poland. Thus, the prayer book of Isaiah Horowitz (a prominent rabbi & mystic), & many others, give the piyyutim (a Jewish liturgical poem), according to the Minhag of Ashkenaz & Poland. A Minhag is an accepted tradition or group of traditions in Judaism.

In a religious sense, an Ashkenazi Jew is any Jew whose family tradition & synagogue ritual follow Ashkenazi practices (German rite). Until the Ashkenazi community 1st began to develop in the Early Middle Ages, the centers of Jewish religious authority were in the Islamic world, at Baghdad & Islamic Spain. German Ashkenaz was so geographically distant that it developed a minhag of its own.

The counterpart of Ashkenazi is Sephardic. Since most non-Ashkenazi Orthodox Jews follow Sephardic rabbinical authorities, whether or not they’re ethnically Sephardic. By tradition, a Sephardic or Mizrahi (a.k.a. Oriental Jews; Jews who lived in the Muslim world) who married into an Orthodox or Haredi (a.k.a. ultra-Orthodox) Ashkenazi Jewish family raises her kids to be Ashkenazi Jews.

On the other hand, an Ashkenazi woman who married a Sephardi or Mizrahi is expected to take on Sephardic practices & the kids will “inherit” a Sephardic identity. Though in practice, many families do compromise. A “convert” usually follows the practice of the rabbinical court (beth din) that converted them.

Culturally, an Ashkenazi Jew can be identified by the concept of Yiddishkeit, which means “Jewishness” in the Yiddish language. Before the Haskalah (a.k.a. the Jewish Enlightenment) & the emancipation of Jews in Europe, this meant the study of the Torah & the Talmud for men, & communal life governed by the observance of Jewish Law for men & women.

From the Rhineland to Riga (the largest city in Latvia) to Romania, most Jews prayed in liturgical Ashkenazi Hebrew, & spoke Yiddish in their secular (worldly) lives. But with modernization, Yiddishkeit now includes not just Orthodoxy & Hasidism, but a broader range of movements, ideologies, practices, & traditions in which Ashkenazi have participated & somehow kept a sense of Jewishness. Although pockets of Jews still speak Yiddish, Yiddishkeit can be identified in manners of speech, styles of humor, & in patterns of association.

As Ashkenazi Jews moved away from Europe, mostly in the form of aliyah to Israel. Or immigration to North America, South Africa, Europe (particularly France), & Latin America, the geographic isolation has given way to mixing with other cultures, & with non-Ashkenazi Jews who, similarly, are no longer isolated in distinct geographic locales.

Hebrew has replaced Yiddish as the primary Jewish language for many Ashkenazi Jews. Although many Hasidic & Hareidi groups still use Yiddish in daily life. Aliyah is the immigration of Jews from the diaspora to, historically, the geographic Land of Israel or the Palestine region, where the State of Israel was established.

France’s blended Jewish community is typical of the cultural recombination that’s going on among Jews throughout the world. Although France expelled its original Jewish population in the Middle Ages, by the time of the French Revolution, there were 2 distinct Jewish populations.

One consisted of Sephardic Jews, originally refugees from the Inquisition (which no one expects! Sorry, we’re Monty Python fans here.) & concentrated in the southwest. While the other community was Ashkenazi, concentrated in formerly German Alsace, & mainly speaking a German dialect similar to Yiddish.

The 3rd community of Provencal Jews living in Comtat Venaissin was technically outside France, & was later absorbed into the Sephardim. Comtat Venaissin (called Comtat, for short) was a part of the Papal States from 1274 to 1791.

But after emancipation, a sense of a unified French Jewry emerged, especially when France was wracked by the Dreyfus Affair in the 1890s. (We’ll be doing a post about the Dreyfus Affair.) In the 1920s & 30s, Ashkenazi Jews from Europe arrived in large numbers as refugees from antisemitism, the Russian Revolution, & the economic turmoil of the Great Depression.

By the 1930s, Paris had a vibrant Yiddish culture, & many Jews were involved in diverse political movements. After the Vichy years & the Holocaust, the French Jewish population was augmented once again, 1st by Ashkenazi refugees from Central Europe, & later by Sephardi immigrants & refugees from North Africa, many of them francophone. Francophone refers to people/organizations who use French (language) regularly.

Ashkenazi Jews didn’t transmit their traditions or achievements by text. Instead, these traditions were passed down orally from one generation to the next. The desire to maintain pre-Holocaust traditions relating to Ashkenazi culture has often been met with criticism by Jews in Eastern Europe.

In an ethnic sense, an Ashkenazi Jew is a descendant of the Jews who settled in the Central European region of “Ashkenaz.” For roughly 1,000 years, the Ashkenazim were a reproductively isolated population in Europe.

Despite living in many countries, with little inflow or outflow of countries from migration, conversion, or intermarriage with other groups, including other Jews. Since the mid-20th century, many Ashkenazi Jews have intermarried, both with members of other Jewish communities & non-Jews.

Religious persecution of the Jews in Western & Central Europe led to a significant migration of the Ashkenazi Jews into Eastern Europe. This resulted in a major cultural divide between Western/Central & Eastern Ashkenazi communities. In particular, this was reflected in the division of Yiddish into Western & Eastern Yiddish dialects. As well as in other cultural distinctions: traditions, food, dress, etc.

Initially, the Jews of Eastern Europe enjoyed relative freedom in terms of movement, being invited by the kings of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. Over time, the situation was reversed. By the 19th century, the Jews in the West had gradually been integrated into the general society.

While the Eastern Ashkenazi maintained their strict Jewish traditions & were mostly confined to ghettos, especially in the Pale of Settlement of the Russian Empire, which incorporated a considerable amount of land where the Eastern Ashkenazi lived: Poland & Lithuania.

Well-known differences in practices include:

• Observance of Passover (Pesach)
  • Ashkenazi Jews traditionally refrain from eating legumes, grain, millet, & rice. Quinoa has become accepted as a food grain in North American communities. Sephardi Jews typically don’t prohibit these foods.
• Notwithstanding stricter requirements for the ACTUAL slaughter, Sephardi Jews permit the rear portions of an animal after proper Halakhic removal of the sciatic nerve. While many Ashkenazi Jews don’t.
• Ashkenazi Jews often name newborns after deceased family members, not after living relatives. Sephardi Jews often name their kids after their grandparents, even if those grandparents are still living. An exception to this is among Dutch Jews, where Ashkenazi for centuries used naming conventions otherwise attributed exclusively to Sephardim, such as Chuts. Chuts is the name given to Jews who immigrated to London from the Netherlands in the 1850s-1860s.
• Ashkenazi tefillins are wound toward the body, not away from it. Ashkenazim put on the tefillin while standing up. Other Jews generally do so while sitting down. A tefillin(s) is/are sets of small black leather boxes with leather straps having scrolls of parchment written with verses of the Torah inside.
• The prayer shawl (tallit/tallis) is worn by all Ashkenazi men AFTER marriage. Except for Western European Ashkenazi men who wear it from the bar mitzvah. In Sephardi or Mizrahi Judaism, the prayer shawl is commonly worn from early childhood.

The term Ashkenazi also refers to the Nusach Ashkenaz, the liturgical tradition used by Ashkenazi Jews in their siddur (prayer book). A nusach is defined by a liturgical tradition’s choice of prayers, the text of prayers & melodies used in the singing of prayers. 2 other major forms of nusach among Ashkenazi Jews are Nusach Sefard (not to be confused with the Sephardic ritual), which is the general Polish Hasidic nusach, and Nusach Ari, used by those in Chabad.

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The Sabbath isn't a day off. It's an act of resistance.

The commandment to rest comes right after 'You were slaves in Egypt.' Shabbat exists because an enslaved people needed to remember: you are not owned by your labor.

The day changed across traditions. The liberation theology didn't.

What does Sabbath mean in your tradition?

#interfaith #religion #Judaism #Christianity #ComparativeReligion #faith #HolyDay #theology

Judeo-Christian :fozzie_wocka_wocka:

"Among the many #faiths practiced by millions of #Texas #students, a new statewide required #reading list that includes #biblical passages draws from just two traditions: #Protestant #Christianity and #Judaism.

Yet Texas #rabbis say #Jews had no role in shaping how #Judaism appears in the #curriculum, and they disagree with how the lone #Jewish text is presented. Rather than teaching about Judaism on its own terms, they argue, the lessons filter Jewish texts through a #Christian perspective.

The #readinglist, which is expected to go into effect in 2030, will have #publicschool students across the state reading passages from the #NewTestament and mostly Christian #translations of the #Hebrew Bible alongside #literary classics. Of the curriculum’s six #HebrewBible readings, just one uses a Jewish #translation."

https://forward.com/news/834539/texas-bible-curriculum/

🗣️ Fighting Fascism, Fighting Zionism (A ✨NEW✨, free, 85-minute podcast)

Tags: #EasternEurope #Race #Today #PoliticalIdeologies #Judaism
https://buddhistuniversity.net/content/av/bund_know-your-enemy

We seem to be having a lot of difficulty telling the difference between #religion and #nationality. It's not hard:

#Islam, #Judaism and #Christianity are religions.

#Israeli, British or #Iranian are nationalities.

Don't use "Muslim" as a nationality; it isn't one. Neither is "Jewish".

There, that's much clearer, isn't it? 👍 😀

https://youtu.be/EgGfQdv_rPc

#agriculture #animism #apocrypha #astrology #bible #collectivism #civilization #christianity #culture #cosmology #cosmos #earthmother #esotericism #individualism #judaism #knowledge #materialism #monism #monotheism #motherearth #mothergoddess #nephilim #neuroscience #neuropsychology #pantheism #philosophy #poetry #polytheism #psychology #religion #secretsociety #spiritualism #spirituality #symbolism #theism #theology #society

(2/6)

Does #Genesis1 Contradict #Genesis2?

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6cB2uEaY_5o

#creation #judaism #christianity #mythology

https://humanistictorah.org/2025/09/26/humanistic-torah-podcast-episode-3/

Episode #3 of the #HumanisticTorah podcast is now out!

In this episode:

1. Reflections on last night's Interfaith Alliance of Oklahoma's Annual Dinner
2. Podcast round up- focusing on episodes from Judaism Unbound and Called to be bad
3. Some practical ideas on how ordinary folks can take small actions in support of peace in Gaza,
4. A D'var Torah based on Deuteronomy 31 and the Tao Te Ching chapter 78.

#HumanisticJudaism #Mazeldon #Judaism #Deuteronomy #Interfaith #TaoTeChing #Taoism #Oklahoma

Apotheosis

This is also called divinization or deification. It’s from the Latin deificato, meaning “making divine.” This is the glorification of a subject to divine levels & commonly, the treatment of a human being, any other living thing, or an abstract idea in the likeness of a deity.

The original sense of apotheosis relates to religion & is the subject of many works of art. Figuratively “apotheosis” may be used in almost any context for “the deification, glorification, or exaltation of a principle, practice, etc.” So normally attached to an abstraction of some sort.

In religion, apotheosis was a feature of many religions in the ancient world. Some that are active today. It requires a belief that there’s a possibility of newly created God’s, so a polytheistic belief system.

The Abrahamic religions of Christianity, Islam, & Judaism don’t allow this. Though many recognize minor sacred categories such as saints. They’re created by a process called canonization. In Christian theology, there’s a concept of the faithful becoming god-like, called divinization or in Eastern Christianity theosis.

In Hinduism, there’s some range for new deities. A human may be deified by becoming regarded as an avatar of an established deity, usually a major one, or by being regarded as a new, independent deity (usually a minor one), or a mix of the 2.

In art, an apotheosis scene usually shows the subject in the Heavens or rising towards them. They’re often partnered by a number of angels, putti, personifications of virtues, or similar figures.

Especially from Baroque art onwards apotheosis scenes may show rulers, generals, or artists purely as an honorific symbol. In many cases, the “religious” context is classical Greco-Roman pagan religion, like The Apotheosis of Voltaire, which features Apollo. The Apotheosis of Washington (1865) sits high in the dome of the United States of America Capitol Building is another example. Personification of places or abstractions are also shown receiving an apotheosis. The classic composition was suited for artistic placement on ceilings or inside domes.

Before the Hellenistic period, imperial cults were known in ancient Egypt (pharaohs) & Mesopotamia (from Naran-Sin through Hammurabi). In the New Kingdom of Egypt, all deceased pharaohs were deified as the god Osiris, having been identified as Horus while on the throne. They were sometimes referred to as the “son” of other various deities.

The architect Imhotep was defied after his passing away. Though the process seems to have been gradual. This took over 1,000 years, by which time he had become associated with medicine. About a dozen non-royal ancient Egyptians became regarded as deities.

Ancient Greek & Roman religions have many characters who were born as humans but became gods. Like Disney’s Hercules. They’re usually made divine by 1 of the main deities, the 12 Olympians. In the Roman story of Cupid & Psyche, Zeus gave the ambrosia of the gods to the mortal Psyche. This transformed her into a goddess herself.

In the case of the Hellenistic queen Berenice II of Egypt was deified like other rulers of the Ptolemaic dynasty. The court dispersed a myth that her hair, that was cut off to fulfill a vow, had its own apotheosis before becoming the Coma Berenices, a group of stars that still bear her name.

In the Greek world, the 1st leader who granted himself diving honors was Philip II of Macedon. At the wedding to his 6th wife, Philip’s enthroned image was carried in procession among the Olympian gods. Such Hellenistic state leaders might be raised to a status equal to the gods before death, like Alexander the Great, or afterwards, like members of the Ptolemaic dynasty.

A heroic cult status that’s similar to apotheosis was also an honor given to a few reversed artists of the distant past, such as Homer.

Up to the end of the Roman Republic, the god Quirinus was the only 1 the Romans accepted as having undergone apotheosis, for his identification/syncretism with Romulus. Syncretism is the practice of meshing together different beliefs & various schools of thought. Eventually apotheosis in Ancient Rome was a process whereby a deceased ruler was recognized as divine by their successors. This was usually done by a decree of the Senate & popular consent.

The 1st of these cases was the posthumous deification of the last Roman dictator Julius Caesar in 42 BC by his adopted son, the triumvir Caesar Octavian. In addition to showing respect, the present ruler often deified a popular predecessor to legitimize himself & gain popularity himself & gain popularity with the people.

A vote in the Roman Senate, in the later Empire confirming an imperial decree, was the normal official process. But this sometimes followed a period with the unofficial use of deific language or imagery for the individual. This was often done rather discreetly within the imperial circle.

There was then a public ceremony, called a consecratio, including the release of an eagle which flew high. This represents the ascent of the deified person’s soul to Heaven. Imagery featuring the ascent, sometimes using a chariot, was common on coins & in other art.

The largest & most famous example in art in a relief on the base of the Column of Antoninus Pius, showing the emperor & his wife, Faustina the Elder, being carried up by a much larger winged figure, described as representing “Eternity,” as the personifications of “Roma” & the Campus Martius sit below, & eagles fly above. The imperial couple are represented as Jupiter & Juno (or Zeus & Hera).

The historian Dio Cassius, who said he was present, gives a detailed description of the large, & lavish, public consecratio of Perinax, emperor for 3 months in 193, ordered by Septimius Severus.

At the height of the imperial cult during the Roman Empire, sometimes the emperor’s deceased loved ones (heirs, empresses, or lovers) like Hadrian’s Antinous were deified as well.

Deified people were posthumously given the title ‘Divus’ for men & ‘Diva’ for women to their names to signify their divinity. Traditional Roman religion distinguished between a deus (god) & divus (a mortal who became divine or deified), though not consistently. Temple & columns were erected to provide a space for worship.

The imperial cult was mainly popular in the provinces. Especially in the Eastern Empire, where many cultures were well used to deified rulers, & less popular in Rome itself, & among traditionalists & intellectuals.

Some privately, & cautiously, ridiculed the apotheosis of inept & feeble emperors, as in the satire The Pumkinification of (the Divine) Claudius. This is usually attributed to Seneca.

Numerous mortals have been deified into the Taoist pantheon. Examples are Guan Yi, Iron-crutch Li, & Fan Kuai. Song dynasty general Yue Fei was deified during the Ming dynasty. He’s considered by some practitioners to be 1 of the 3 highest-ranking heavenly generals. The Ming dynasty epic Investiture of the Gods deals heavily with deification legends.

In the complicated, & variable, conceptions of deity in Buddhism, the achievement of Buddhahood may be regarded as an achievable goal for the faithful. Many significant deities are considered to have begun as normal people, from Gautama Buddha (the original Buddha & the creator of Buddhism) downwards. Most of these are seen as avatars or re-births of earlier figures.

Some significant Hindu deities, in particular Rama, were also born as humans. He’s seen as an avatar of Vishnu. In more modern times, Swaminarayan is an undoubted & well-documented historical figure, who’s regarded by some Hindus as an avatar of Vishnu, or as being a still more elevated deity. Bharat Mata (Mother India) began as a national personification devised by a group of Bengali intellectuals in the late 19th century. But now it receives some worship.

Various Hindu & Buddhist rulers in the past have been represented as deities, especially after death, from India to Indonesia. Jayavarman VII, King of the Khmer Empire the 1st Buddhist king of Cambodia, had his own features used for the many statues of Buddha/Avalokitevara he erected.

The extreme personality cult instituted by the founder of North Korea, Kim Il-Sung, has been to represent a deification. And continues to this day with the current leader. Even the nation is admittedly atheist.

In Christian theology, instead of the word “apotheosis,” they use the words “deification” or “divinization” or the Greek word “theosis.” Pre-Reformation, & mainstream theology, in both East & West, views Jesus Christ as the preexisting God who undertook mortal existence. Not as a mortal being who attained divinity. A view known as adoptionism. Adoptionism is an early Christian non-Trinitarian doctrine that holds that Jesus was born a mere human being. But Jesus was later adopted by God as His son, usually at Jesus’ baptism or resurrection, rather than being divine from eternity.

It holds that he has made it possible for human beings to be raised to the level of sharing the divine nature as II Peter 1:4 states that he became human to make humans “partakers of the divine nature.”

In John 10:34, Jesus referenced Psalm 82:6 when he stated: “Is it not written in your Law, I have said you are gods?” Other authors stated: “For this is why the Word became man, & the Son of God became the Son of man: so that Man, by entering into communion with the Word & thus receiving divine sonship, might be made God.” Accusations of self deification to some degree may have been placed on heretical such as the Waldensians.

The language of II Peter is taken up by St. Irenaeus, in his famous phrase, “if the Word has been made man, it is so that men may be made gods.” It becomes the standard in Greek theology. In the 14th century, St. Athanasius repeats Irenaeus almost word for word. In the 5th century, St. Cyril of Alexandria says that we shall become sons “by participation” (Greek methexis). Methexis is “group sharing,” where the audience actively participates in the performance.

Deification is the central idea in the spirituality of St. Maximus the Confessor. For whom the doctrine is the result of the Incarnation: “Deification, briefly, is the encompassion & fulfillment of all times and ages.”

The Roman Catholic Church doesn’t use the term “apotheosis” in its theology. This is equivalent to the Greek word theosis are Latin-derived words “divinization” & deification” used in the Latin tradition of the Catholic Church.

The concept has been given less prominence in Western theology than in that of the Eastern Catholic Churches. But is present in the Latin Church’s liturgical prayer.

Despite the theological differences, in the Catholic church art depictions of the Assumption of the Virgin Mary in art & the Ascension of Jesus in Christian art do share many similarities in composition to apotheosis subjects. As there are many images of saints being raised into Heaven.

Anthropolatry is the deification & worship of humans. It was practiced in ancient Japan towards their emperors. Followers of Socinianism were later accused of practicing anthropolatry.

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#1865 #193 #42BC #4thCentury #5thCentury #AbrahamicReligions #Adoptionism #AlexanderTheGreat #Ambrosia #AncientRome #Angels #Anthropolatry #Antinous #Apollo #Apotheosis #AscensionOfJesus #AssumptionOfTheVirginMary #Atheist #Avalokiteshvara #Avatar #Avatars #BaroqueArt #bengali #BereniceIIOfEgypt #BharatMata #Buddha #BuddhaGautama #Buddhahood #Buddhism #CaesarOctavian #Cambodia #CampusMartius #canonization #CatholicChurch #Christianity #ColumnOfAntoninusPius #ComaBerenices #Consecratio #Cupid #Deification #Deity #Deus #DioCassius #Disney #DIva #Divinization #Divus #EasternCatholicChurch #EasternChristianity #EasternEmpire #Egypt #Egyptians #Emperors #FanKuai #FaustinaTheElder #GrecoRoman #Greek #GuanYi #Hadrian #Hammurabi #Heaven #Hellenistic #Hera #Hercules #Hindu #Hinduism #Homer #Horus #IIPeter14 #Imhotep #ImperialCults #India #Indonesia #InvestitureOfTheGods #IronCrutchLi #Islam #Japan #JayavarmanVII #Jesus #John1034 #Judaism #JuliusCaesar #Juno #Jupiter #KhmerEmpire #KimIlSung #Krishna #Late19thCentury #Latin #LatinChurch #Mesopotamia #Methexis #MingDynasty #NaramSin #NewKingdom #NorthKorea #Olympians #Osiris #pagan #Pertinax #Pharaohs #PhilipIIOfMacedon #polytheistic #Psalm826 #Psyche #PtolemaicDynasty #Putti #Rama #Reformation #Roman #RomanCatholicChurch #RomanRepublic #RomanSenate #Romans #Romulus #Saints #Senate #Seneca #SeptimiusSeverus #Socinianism #StAthanasius #StCyrilOfAlexandria #StIrenaeus #StMaximusTheConfessor #Swaminarayan #Syncretism #Taoist #TaoistPantheon #Temple #ThePumpkinificationOfTheDivineClaudius #Theosis #Triumvir #USCapitolBuilding #Vishnu #Waldensians #YueFei #Zeus

“It is known that the letters of the Torah have the aspect of inner lights which are revealed according to the order of the emanation of the worlds. And the boundary of the white that encompasses the letters possesses the aspect of the encompassing lights, which are not revealed but are found in a hidden-ness, in the aspect of the encompassing light. From this we may understand that the white boundaries also possess the aspect of letters, but they are hidden letters, higher than the revealed letters.”

Read more: https://kabbalahexperience.com/white-fire/

#Mazeldon #Jewish #Judaism #Torah #Talmud #Midrash #Zohar

Bedtime #Bible Story Time
Mrs. Betty Bowers

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VAonve-REE0

"Join me--won't you?--while I regale my family with the charming story in #2Kings 2:23-24, wherein the #Lord sicced a pair of voracious bears on 42 #kids. Glory! "

#sundayschool #judaism #judeochristian #christianity #LDS #cults #biblestories

#Germany #Deutschland #Judentum #Zionismus #Staatsräson #Antisemitismus

@palestine

At the #GlobalStrikeForGaza in #NYC at #GrandCentral on April 7, 2025, Rabbi Yitzchok Deutsch issued a wake-up call to world leaders, urging them to stop the #Zionist #Genocide in #Gaza and to understand that #Zionism is not #Judaism .

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tNOK2IY-vNE

Rare ritual structure from the First Temple period unearthed in Jerusalem’s City of David

A well-preserved, rare ancient structure dating back to the First Temple period was exposed on the eastern slope of the City of David in Jerusalem Walls National Park...

More information: https://archaeologymag.com/2025/01/rare-ritual-structure-city-of-david/

Follow @archaeology

#archaeology #archeology #archaeologynews #judaism #Judah #Jerusalem #cityofdavid

Rare ritual structure from the First Temple period unearthed in Jerusalem’s City of David

A well-preserved, rare ancient structure dating back to the First Temple period was exposed on the eastern slope of the City of David in Jerusalem Walls National Park...

More information: https://archaeologymag.com/2025/01/rare-ritual-structure-city-of-david/

Follow @archaeology

#archaeology #archeology #archaeologynews #judaism #Judah #Jerusalem #cityofdavid