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#judaism — Public Fediverse posts

Live and recent posts from across the Fediverse tagged #judaism, aggregated by home.social.

  1. Associated Press: New laws trigger a fresh legal fight over Nazi-looted art in Los Angeles and Auschwitz museums. “Jewish heirs of Holocaust victims and their representatives have filed two lawsuits in California staking their claims to Nazi-looted paintings that still hang on the walls of prominent museums in Los Angeles and Auschwitz. This pair of lawsuits are the first to be filed after the […]

    https://rbfirehose.com/2026/09/19/associated-press-new-laws-trigger-a-fresh-legal-fight-over-nazi-looted-art-in-los-angeles-and-auschwitz-museums/
  2. Associated Press: New laws trigger a fresh legal fight over Nazi-looted art in Los Angeles and Auschwitz museums. “Jewish heirs of Holocaust victims and their representatives have filed two lawsuits in California staking their claims to Nazi-looted paintings that still hang on the walls of prominent museums in Los Angeles and Auschwitz. This pair of lawsuits are the first to be filed after the […]

    https://rbfirehose.com/2026/09/19/associated-press-new-laws-trigger-a-fresh-legal-fight-over-nazi-looted-art-in-los-angeles-and-auschwitz-museums/
  3. Associated Press: New laws trigger a fresh legal fight over Nazi-looted art in Los Angeles and Auschwitz museums. “Jewish heirs of Holocaust victims and their representatives have filed two lawsuits in California staking their claims to Nazi-looted paintings that still hang on the walls of prominent museums in Los Angeles and Auschwitz. This pair of lawsuits are the first to be filed after the […]

    https://rbfirehose.com/2026/09/19/associated-press-new-laws-trigger-a-fresh-legal-fight-over-nazi-looted-art-in-los-angeles-and-auschwitz-museums/
  4. Associated Press: New laws trigger a fresh legal fight over Nazi-looted art in Los Angeles and Auschwitz museums. “Jewish heirs of Holocaust victims and their representatives have filed two lawsuits in California staking their claims to Nazi-looted paintings that still hang on the walls of prominent museums in Los Angeles and Auschwitz. This pair of lawsuits are the first to be filed after the […]

    https://rbfirehose.com/2026/09/19/associated-press-new-laws-trigger-a-fresh-legal-fight-over-nazi-looted-art-in-los-angeles-and-auschwitz-museums/
  5. Associated Press: New laws trigger a fresh legal fight over Nazi-looted art in Los Angeles and Auschwitz museums. “Jewish heirs of Holocaust victims and their representatives have filed two lawsuits in California staking their claims to Nazi-looted paintings that still hang on the walls of prominent museums in Los Angeles and Auschwitz. This pair of lawsuits are the first to be filed after the […]

    https://rbfirehose.com/2026/09/19/associated-press-new-laws-trigger-a-fresh-legal-fight-over-nazi-looted-art-in-los-angeles-and-auschwitz-museums/
  6. Yom Kippur 2026: How Israel went from tearing itself apart on October 7 to now

    It is a Yom Kippur that will long be etched in Israel’s collective memory. No, not October 1973,…
    #Israel #News #2026Israelielections #gendersegregation #israelis #Judaism #Politics #protests #Religión #telaviv #TheOctober7Massacre #YomKippur
    europesays.com/3259554/

  7. Come join the #SpinozaHavurah for a time of study and discussion on Yom Kippur facilitated by James M. Branum. We will be looking together at the Unetanneh Tokef, an evocative and troubling text of the traditional liturgy, which sparked the famous song "Who by fire" by Leonard Cohen.

    The session will happen at 1:30 pm Eastern/6:30 pm UK.on Monday, September 21st.

    To register: zoom.us/meeting/register/XaHJk

    #Mazeldon #Judaism #YomKippur #UnetannehTokef #Liturgy #HumanisticJudaism #JewishLiturgy #Jewish

  8. Come join the #SpinozaHavurah for a time of study and discussion on Yom Kippur facilitated by James M. Branum. We will be looking together at the Unetanneh Tokef, an evocative and troubling text of the traditional liturgy, which sparked the famous song "Who by fire" by Leonard Cohen.

    The session will happen at 1:30 pm Eastern/6:30 pm UK.on Monday, September 21st.

    To register: zoom.us/meeting/register/XaHJk

    #Mazeldon #Judaism #YomKippur #UnetannehTokef #Liturgy #HumanisticJudaism #JewishLiturgy #Jewish

  9. Come join the #SpinozaHavurah for a time of study and discussion on Yom Kippur facilitated by James M. Branum. We will be looking together at the Unetanneh Tokef, an evocative and troubling text of the traditional liturgy, which sparked the famous song "Who by fire" by Leonard Cohen.

    The session will happen at 1:30 pm Eastern/6:30 pm UK.on Monday, September 21st.

    To register: zoom.us/meeting/register/XaHJk

    #Mazeldon #Judaism #YomKippur #UnetannehTokef #Liturgy #HumanisticJudaism #JewishLiturgy #Jewish

  10. Come join the #SpinozaHavurah for a time of study and discussion on Yom Kippur facilitated by James M. Branum. We will be looking together at the Unetanneh Tokef, an evocative and troubling text of the traditional liturgy, which sparked the famous song "Who by fire" by Leonard Cohen.

    The session will happen at 1:30 pm Eastern/6:30 pm UK.on Monday, September 21st.

    To register: zoom.us/meeting/register/XaHJk

    #Mazeldon #Judaism #YomKippur #UnetannehTokef #Liturgy #HumanisticJudaism #JewishLiturgy #Jewish

  11. Come join the #SpinozaHavurah for a time of study and discussion on Yom Kippur facilitated by James M. Branum. We will be looking together at the Unetanneh Tokef, an evocative and troubling text of the traditional liturgy, which sparked the famous song "Who by fire" by Leonard Cohen.

    The session will happen at 1:30 pm Eastern/6:30 pm UK.on Monday, September 21st.

    To register: zoom.us/meeting/register/XaHJk

    #Mazeldon #Judaism #YomKippur #UnetannehTokef #Liturgy #HumanisticJudaism #JewishLiturgy #Jewish

  12. Whale watching in the Philippines brings to mind Jonah’s ‘leviathan’

    A crucial part of the Book of Jonah, which we read during the afternoon service on Yom Kippur,…
    #Israel #News #Bible #jerusalem #Judaism #Phillipines #travel #whale #YomKippur
    europesays.com/3258296/

  13. Tracing the Priestly Blessing

    For the start of the academic year, I got to teach a two-hour introduction class to try and persuade freshmen in Leiden’s Ancient Near Eastern Studies programme (where I just started a permanent position 🥳) to pick the Hebrew and Aramaic track. I thought the topic would make for a nice blog post too, especially now during the High Holy Days, which in Ashkenazi practice are the main occasion for performing:

    The Priestly Blessing (Birkat Kohanim)

    Check out this beautiful clip:

    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wOlUJ3yPdQI

    The text that the Kohanim—patrilineal descendants of the ancient Jewish priests—recite here is from Numbers 6:24-26. Obviously, it’s very old. But how old exactly?

    As it turns out, we find traces of this text from the very beginning of the Hebrew epigraphic record. Join me on a condensed journey that will, incidentally, give you a great overview of the kind of subjects we study in the Hebrew and Aramaic track of Leiden University’s Ancient Near Eastern Studies programme, which you and your college-aged friends and relatives should all enroll in.

    First stop: Kuntillet ‘Ajrud, ca. 800 BCE

    Kuntillet ‘Ajrud is an early first-millennium BCE site in the Sinai Desert, located near a major trade route from the Red Sea to the Mediterranean coast. I’ve written about it before.

    Together with the Samaria Ostraca from the capital of the northern kingdom of Israel, Kuntillet ‘Ajrud furnishes us with the earliest attestations of what is unmistakably Hebrew. Some of these are famous for the mention of “YHWH of” different places and “his Asherah”. But for our purposes, let’s focus on a few other phrases that occur in inscription 3.6, apparently an exercise in opening formulae for a polite letter:

    אמרʾmrSaysאמריו אʾmryw ʾ–Amaryaw: “Sayמר לאדניmr lʾdnyto my lord:השלם אתhšlm ʾt‘Are you well?ברכתך ליbrktk ly–I bless you byהוה תמןhwh tmnYHWH of Temanולאשרתה יבwlʾšrth yband his Asherah! May heרך וישמרךrk wyšmrkbless you and keep youויהי עם אדנwyhy ʿm ʾdnand may there be with my lordי ארך חיםy ʾrk ḥyma lengthy lifeבשלם אמר האbšlm ʾmr in wellbeing!’”
    He says …

    The big thing to note here is the combination of the verbs b-r-k ‘to bless’ and š-m-r ‘to keep’. Both are very frequent in Biblical Hebrew, but it is only in the Priestly Blessing that we find them combined in this way. The mention of šlm ‘wellbeing’ at the very end of the blessing formula in this inscription and in the Priestly Blessing further supports that we are dealing with similar traditions here. But this differs enough from the text in Numbers to unambiguously take it as a quotation or reference. We get something a lot closer to the canonical text if we fast-forward two centuries to:

    The Ketef Hinnom amulets, ca. 600 BCE

    Two tiny (27×97 mm and 11×39 mm) silver amulets from what is now part of Jerusalem contain what is often called the earliest attestation of a Biblical text, together with some other, clearly non-Biblical texts.

    Here’s the relevant part from the smaller Amulet 2:

    יברך … ybrk… May (YHWH) bless youיהוה יyhwh y-<YHWH>, may heשמרךšmrkkeep you!יאר יהyʾr yh-May YHWH shine‫[ו]ה פניו[w]h pnywhis face‫[אל]יך וי[ʾl]yk wy-towards you andשם לך שšm lk š-grant you‫[ל]ם[l]mwellbeing!

    Details aside, this is practically identical to the text in Numbers, with one big difference. The text on the amulet skips from the first half of v. 25 to the second half of v. 26. On Amulet 1, we have the text up to the first half of v. 25 as well, but the amulet breaks off at that point, so we can’t tell how it continues.

    Which version of the text is older? The part of Numbers that is missing from Amulet 2 is a bit repetitive, so we could imagine it was added secondarily. On the other hand, it would be easy for a scribe or reciter to skip from v. 25a to the end of v. 26a, both of which end with “his face towards you”.

    So this could be a quote of the text as we find it Numbers, with a scribal error, or an older version of the text, or maybe there were variant versions circulating at the same time. No hard evidence for the existence of the full Priestly Blessing at this point. Maybe we will find some if we turn to the era of what are uncontroversially the oldest preserved Biblical Texts:

    The Dead Sea Scrolls, first centuries (B)CE

    From the caves near Qumran (on the Dead Sea), we have Biblical manuscripts from the latter part of the Second Temple Period. Unfortunately, many of them look like this:

    Especially in the case of less popular books like Numbers, whether a certain passage is attested at Qumran or not comes down to luck. In the case of the Priestly Blessing, we are out of luck. No Qumran text of that exact passage has come down to us.

    But the Qumran caves have also yielded other, non-Biblical texts. Some of these, like Jubilees or Enoch, circulated more widely in Roman Judea. Others seem particularly relevant to the religious community that inhabited the site of Qumran itself and were probably composed locally. One of the most interesting of these sectarian texts is the Community Rule, which details, well, the community’s rules. And look what we find there:

    Text from the middle of the first line to the middle of the last line:
    והכוהנים מברכים את כול אנשי גורל אל ההולכים תמים בכול דרכיו ואומרים יברככה בכול טוב וישמורכה מכול רע ויאר לבכה בשכל חיים ויחונכה בדעת עולמים וישא פני חסדיו לכה לשלום עולמים
    whkwhnym mbrkym ʾt kwl ʾnšy gwrl ʾl hhwlkym tmym bkwl drkyw wʾwmrym ybrkkh bkwl ṭwb wyšmrkh mkwl rʿ wyʾr lbkh bškl ḥyym wyḥwnkh bdʿt ʿwlmym wyšʾ pny ḥsdyw lkh lšlwm ʿwlmym
    ‘And the Kohanim bless all the men of the lot of God who go perfectly in all his ways and say: “May he bless you with everything good and keep you from everything bad, and may he make your heart shine with an understanding of life and favour you with eternal knowledge, and may he turn his beneficent face towards you for eternal wellbeing!”‘

    This is clearly riffing on the text as we have it in Numbers. We have almost all the same verbs—b-r-k ‘to bless’, š-m-r ‘to keep’, ʾ-w-r ‘to shine’, n-n ‘to favour’, and n-śʾ ‘to lift’—we have the ‘face’, and we have the ‘wellbeing’. But this version of the blessing makes everything more explicit. It spells out how God is supposed to bless you, from what he is supposed to keep you, what the mysterious shining entails, and so forth. This kind of explanatory, exegetical response to Biblical texts that had now taken center stage in Jewish religion is typical of many texts we find at Qumran and of a lot of Jewish literary activity around the same time in general. Notably, whoever wrote this did feel the liberty to diverge from the text, something we also see a lot in other Dead Sea Scrolls. While our Biblical texts almost certainly existed by this time (even where they are not attested), the exact wording was not yet set in stone.

    In conclusion

    For the sake of completeness, here is what our passage looks like in the Leningrad Codex (1008 CE), the most commonly studied manuscript of the Masoretic Text:

    Vowels, accents, Masoretic notes: it’s all there, ready for recitation.

    So, how old is this text? In one sense, about one thousand years; in another, maybe three thousand. Like the Hebrew Bible as a whole, it’s a text with a history. And that interplay between text and history is exactly what we’re interested in, here in the Hebrew and Aramaic track of Leiden University’s Ancient Near Eastern Studies programme. Enroll today.

    If you’re interested, here are my other High Holy Days posts to date:

    And to end with a very much epigraphically unattested wish: 𐤁𐤎𐤐𐤓𐤟𐤇𐤉𐤌𐤟𐤕𐤇𐤕𐤌𐤅, may you all be sealed in the Book of Life.

    #Bible #epigraphy #Hebrew #Judaism #news
  14. Tracing the Priestly Blessing

    For the start of the academic year, I got to teach a two-hour introduction class to try and persuade freshmen in Leiden’s Ancient Near Eastern Studies programme (where I just started a permanent position 🥳) to pick the Hebrew and Aramaic track. I thought the topic would make for a nice blog post too, especially now during the High Holy Days, which in Ashkenazi practice are the main occasion for performing:

    The Priestly Blessing (Birkat Kohanim)

    Check out this beautiful clip:

    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wOlUJ3yPdQI

    The text that the Kohanim—patrilineal descendants of the ancient Jewish priests—recite here is from Numbers 6:24-26. Obviously, it’s very old. But how old exactly?

    As it turns out, we find traces of this text from the very beginning of the Hebrew epigraphic record. Join me on a condensed journey that will, incidentally, give you a great overview of the kind of subjects we study in the Hebrew and Aramaic track of Leiden University’s Ancient Near Eastern Studies programme, which you and your college-aged friends and relatives should all enroll in.

    First stop: Kuntillet ‘Ajrud, ca. 800 BCE

    Kuntillet ‘Ajrud is an early first-millennium BCE site in the Sinai Desert, located near a major trade route from the Red Sea to the Mediterranean coast. I’ve written about it before.

    Together with the Samaria Ostraca from the capital of the northern kingdom of Israel, Kuntillet ‘Ajrud furnishes us with the earliest attestations of what is unmistakably Hebrew. Some of these are famous for the mention of “YHWH of” different places and “his Asherah”. But for our purposes, let’s focus on a few other phrases that occur in inscription 3.6, apparently an exercise in opening formulae for a polite letter:

    אמרʾmrSaysאמריו אʾmryw ʾ–Amaryaw: “Sayמר לאדניmr lʾdnyto my lord:השלם אתhšlm ʾt‘Are you well?ברכתך ליbrktk ly–I bless you byהוה תמןhwh tmnYHWH of Temanולאשרתה יבwlʾšrth yband his Asherah! May heרך וישמרךrk wyšmrkbless you and keep youויהי עם אדנwyhy ʿm ʾdnand may there be with my lordי ארך חיםy ʾrk ḥyma lengthy lifeבשלם אמר האbšlm ʾmr in wellbeing!’”
    He says …

    The big thing to note here is the combination of the verbs b-r-k ‘to bless’ and š-m-r ‘to keep’. Both are very frequent in Biblical Hebrew, but it is only in the Priestly Blessing that we find them combined in this way. The mention of šlm ‘wellbeing’ at the very end of the blessing formula in this inscription and in the Priestly Blessing further supports that we are dealing with similar traditions here. But this differs enough from the text in Numbers to unambiguously take it as a quotation or reference. We get something a lot closer to the canonical text if we fast-forward two centuries to:

    The Ketef Hinnom amulets, ca. 600 BCE

    Two tiny (27×97 mm and 11×39 mm) silver amulets from what is now part of Jerusalem contain what is often called the earliest attestation of a Biblical text, together with some other, clearly non-Biblical texts.

    Here’s the relevant part from the smaller Amulet 2:

    יברך … ybrk… May (YHWH) bless youיהוה יyhwh y-<YHWH>, may heשמרךšmrkkeep you!יאר יהyʾr yh-May YHWH shine‫[ו]ה פניו[w]h pnywhis face‫[אל]יך וי[ʾl]yk wy-towards you andשם לך שšm lk š-grant you‫[ל]ם[l]mwellbeing!

    Details aside, this is practically identical to the text in Numbers, with one big difference. The text on the amulet skips from the first half of v. 25 to the second half of v. 26. On Amulet 1, we have the text up to the first half of v. 25 as well, but the amulet breaks off at that point, so we can’t tell how it continues.

    Which version of the text is older? The part of Numbers that is missing from Amulet 2 is a bit repetitive, so we could imagine it was added secondarily. On the other hand, it would be easy for a scribe or reciter to skip from v. 25a to the end of v. 26a, both of which end with “his face towards you”.

    So this could be a quote of the text as we find it Numbers, with a scribal error, or an older version of the text, or maybe there were variant versions circulating at the same time. No hard evidence for the existence of the full Priestly Blessing at this point. Maybe we will find some if we turn to the era of what are uncontroversially the oldest preserved Biblical Texts:

    The Dead Sea Scrolls, first centuries (B)CE

    From the caves near Qumran (on the Dead Sea), we have Biblical manuscripts from the latter part of the Second Temple Period. Unfortunately, many of them look like this:

    Especially in the case of less popular books like Numbers, whether a certain passage is attested at Qumran or not comes down to luck. In the case of the Priestly Blessing, we are out of luck. No Qumran text of that exact passage has come down to us.

    But the Qumran caves have also yielded other, non-Biblical texts. Some of these, like Jubilees or Enoch, circulated more widely in Roman Judea. Others seem particularly relevant to the religious community that inhabited the site of Qumran itself and were probably composed locally. One of the most interesting of these sectarian texts is the Community Rule, which details, well, the community’s rules. And look what we find there:

    Text from the middle of the first line to the middle of the last line:
    והכוהנים מברכים את כול אנשי גורל אל ההולכים תמים בכול דרכיו ואומרים יברככה בכול טוב וישמורכה מכול רע ויאר לבכה בשכל חיים ויחונכה בדעת עולמים וישא פני חסדיו לכה לשלום עולמים
    whkwhnym mbrkym ʾt kwl ʾnšy gwrl ʾl hhwlkym tmym bkwl drkyw wʾwmrym ybrkkh bkwl ṭwb wyšmrkh mkwl rʿ wyʾr lbkh bškl ḥyym wyḥwnkh bdʿt ʿwlmym wyšʾ pny ḥsdyw lkh lšlwm ʿwlmym
    ‘And the Kohanim bless all the men of the lot of God who go perfectly in all his ways and say: “May he bless you with everything good and keep you from everything bad, and may he make your heart shine with an understanding of life and favour you with eternal knowledge, and may he turn his beneficent face towards you for eternal wellbeing!”‘

    This is clearly riffing on the text as we have it in Numbers. We have almost all the same verbs—b-r-k ‘to bless’, š-m-r ‘to keep’, ʾ-w-r ‘to shine’, n-n ‘to favour’, and n-śʾ ‘to lift’—we have the ‘face’, and we have the ‘wellbeing’. But this version of the blessing makes everything more explicit. It spells out how God is supposed to bless you, from what he is supposed to keep you, what the mysterious shining entails, and so forth. This kind of explanatory, exegetical response to Biblical texts that had now taken center stage in Jewish religion is typical of many texts we find at Qumran and of a lot of Jewish literary activity around the same time in general. Notably, whoever wrote this did feel the liberty to diverge from the text, something we also see a lot in other Dead Sea Scrolls. While our Biblical texts almost certainly existed by this time (even where they are not attested), the exact wording was not yet set in stone.

    In conclusion

    For the sake of completeness, here is what our passage looks like in the Leningrad Codex (1008 CE), the most commonly studied manuscript of the Masoretic Text:

    Vowels, accents, Masoretic notes: it’s all there, ready for recitation.

    So, how old is this text? In one sense, about one thousand years; in another, maybe three thousand. Like the Hebrew Bible as a whole, it’s a text with a history. And that interplay between text and history is exactly what we’re interested in, here in the Hebrew and Aramaic track of Leiden University’s Ancient Near Eastern Studies programme. Enroll today.

    If you’re interested, here are my other High Holy Days posts to date:

    And to end with a very much epigraphically unattested wish: 𐤁𐤎𐤐𐤓𐤟𐤇𐤉𐤌𐤟𐤕𐤇𐤕𐤌𐤅, may you all be sealed in the Book of Life.

    #Bible #epigraphy #Hebrew #Judaism #news
  15. Tracing the Priestly Blessing

    For the start of the academic year, I got to teach a two-hour introduction class to try and persuade freshmen in Leiden’s Ancient Near Eastern Studies programme (where I just started a permanent position 🥳) to pick the Hebrew and Aramaic track. I thought the topic would make for a nice blog post too, especially now during the High Holy Days, which in Ashkenazi practice are the main occasion for performing:

    The Priestly Blessing (Birkat Kohanim)

    Check out this beautiful clip:

    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wOlUJ3yPdQI

    The text that the Kohanim—patrilineal descendants of the ancient Jewish priests—recite here is from Numbers 6:24-26. Obviously, it’s very old. But how old exactly?

    As it turns out, we find traces of this text from the very beginning of the Hebrew epigraphic record. Join me on a condensed journey that will, incidentally, give you a great overview of the kind of subjects we study in the Hebrew and Aramaic track of Leiden University’s Ancient Near Eastern Studies programme, which you and your college-aged friends and relatives should all enroll in.

    First stop: Kuntillet ‘Ajrud, ca. 800 BCE

    Kuntillet ‘Ajrud is an early first-millennium BCE site in the Sinai Desert, located near a major trade route from the Red Sea to the Mediterranean coast. I’ve written about it before.

    Together with the Samaria Ostraca from the capital of the northern kingdom of Israel, Kuntillet ‘Ajrud furnishes us with the earliest attestations of what is unmistakably Hebrew. Some of these are famous for the mention of “YHWH of” different places and “his Asherah”. But for our purposes, let’s focus on a few other phrases that occur in inscription 3.6, apparently an exercise in opening formulae for a polite letter:

    אמרʾmrSaysאמריו אʾmryw ʾ–Amaryaw: “Sayמר לאדניmr lʾdnyto my lord:השלם אתhšlm ʾt‘Are you well?ברכתך ליbrktk ly–I bless you byהוה תמןhwh tmnYHWH of Temanולאשרתה יבwlʾšrth yband his Asherah! May heרך וישמרךrk wyšmrkbless you and keep youויהי עם אדנwyhy ʿm ʾdnand may there be with my lordי ארך חיםy ʾrk ḥyma lengthy lifeבשלם אמר האbšlm ʾmr in wellbeing!’”
    He says …

    The big thing to note here is the combination of the verbs b-r-k ‘to bless’ and š-m-r ‘to keep’. Both are very frequent in Biblical Hebrew, but it is only in the Priestly Blessing that we find them combined in this way. The mention of šlm ‘wellbeing’ at the very end of the blessing formula in this inscription and in the Priestly Blessing further supports that we are dealing with similar traditions here. But this differs enough from the text in Numbers to unambiguously take it as a quotation or reference. We get something a lot closer to the canonical text if we fast-forward two centuries to:

    The Ketef Hinnom amulets, ca. 600 BCE

    Two tiny (27×97 mm and 11×39 mm) silver amulets from what is now part of Jerusalem contain what is often called the earliest attestation of a Biblical text, together with some other, clearly non-Biblical texts.

    Here’s the relevant part from the smaller Amulet 2:

    יברך … ybrk… May (YHWH) bless youיהוה יyhwh y-<YHWH>, may heשמרךšmrkkeep you!יאר יהyʾr yh-May YHWH shine‫[ו]ה פניו[w]h pnywhis face‫[אל]יך וי[ʾl]yk wy-towards you andשם לך שšm lk š-grant you‫[ל]ם[l]mwellbeing!

    Details aside, this is practically identical to the text in Numbers, with one big difference. The text on the amulet skips from the first half of v. 25 to the second half of v. 26. On Amulet 1, we have the text up to the first half of v. 25 as well, but the amulet breaks off at that point, so we can’t tell how it continues.

    Which version of the text is older? The part of Numbers that is missing from Amulet 2 is a bit repetitive, so we could imagine it was added secondarily. On the other hand, it would be easy for a scribe or reciter to skip from v. 25a to the end of v. 26a, both of which end with “his face towards you”.

    So this could be a quote of the text as we find it Numbers, with a scribal error, or an older version of the text, or maybe there were variant versions circulating at the same time. No hard evidence for the existence of the full Priestly Blessing at this point. Maybe we will find some if we turn to the era of what are uncontroversially the oldest preserved Biblical Texts:

    The Dead Sea Scrolls, first centuries (B)CE

    From the caves near Qumran (on the Dead Sea), we have Biblical manuscripts from the latter part of the Second Temple Period. Unfortunately, many of them look like this:

    Especially in the case of less popular books like Numbers, whether a certain passage is attested at Qumran or not comes down to luck. In the case of the Priestly Blessing, we are out of luck. No Qumran text of that exact passage has come down to us.

    But the Qumran caves have also yielded other, non-Biblical texts. Some of these, like Jubilees or Enoch, circulated more widely in Roman Judea. Others seem particularly relevant to the religious community that inhabited the site of Qumran itself and were probably composed locally. One of the most interesting of these sectarian texts is the Community Rule, which details, well, the community’s rules. And look what we find there:

    Text from the middle of the first line to the middle of the last line:
    והכוהנים מברכים את כול אנשי גורל אל ההולכים תמים בכול דרכיו ואומרים יברככה בכול טוב וישמורכה מכול רע ויאר לבכה בשכל חיים ויחונכה בדעת עולמים וישא פני חסדיו לכה לשלום עולמים
    whkwhnym mbrkym ʾt kwl ʾnšy gwrl ʾl hhwlkym tmym bkwl drkyw wʾwmrym ybrkkh bkwl ṭwb wyšmrkh mkwl rʿ wyʾr lbkh bškl ḥyym wyḥwnkh bdʿt ʿwlmym wyšʾ pny ḥsdyw lkh lšlwm ʿwlmym
    ‘And the Kohanim bless all the men of the lot of God who go perfectly in all his ways and say: “May he bless you with everything good and keep you from everything bad, and may he make your heart shine with an understanding of life and favour you with eternal knowledge, and may he turn his beneficent face towards you for eternal wellbeing!”‘

    This is clearly riffing on the text as we have it in Numbers. We have almost all the same verbs—b-r-k ‘to bless’, š-m-r ‘to keep’, ʾ-w-r ‘to shine’, n-n ‘to favour’, and n-śʾ ‘to lift’—we have the ‘face’, and we have the ‘wellbeing’. But this version of the blessing makes everything more explicit. It spells out how God is supposed to bless you, from what he is supposed to keep you, what the mysterious shining entails, and so forth. This kind of explanatory, exegetical response to Biblical texts that had now taken center stage in Jewish religion is typical of many texts we find at Qumran and of a lot of Jewish literary activity around the same time in general. Notably, whoever wrote this did feel the liberty to diverge from the text, something we also see a lot in other Dead Sea Scrolls. While our Biblical texts almost certainly existed by this time (even where they are not attested), the exact wording was not yet set in stone.

    In conclusion

    For the sake of completeness, here is what our passage looks like in the Leningrad Codex (1008 CE), the most commonly studied manuscript of the Masoretic Text:

    Vowels, accents, Masoretic notes: it’s all there, ready for recitation.

    So, how old is this text? In one sense, about one thousand years; in another, maybe three thousand. Like the Hebrew Bible as a whole, it’s a text with a history. And that interplay between text and history is exactly what we’re interested in, here in the Hebrew and Aramaic track of Leiden University’s Ancient Near Eastern Studies programme. Enroll today.

    If you’re interested, here are my other High Holy Days posts to date:

    And to end with a very much epigraphically unattested wish: 𐤁𐤎𐤐𐤓𐤟𐤇𐤉𐤌𐤟𐤕𐤇𐤕𐤌𐤅, may you all be sealed in the Book of Life.

    #Bible #epigraphy #Hebrew #Judaism #news
  16. Alon Mizrahi, fled/emigrated anti-zionist Israeli Jew worte a genealogy of colonial Christianity on his substack. One very interesting quote is the following:

    "Having a kind of Christianity around that is not colonial in nature - namely one that does not see itself as a continuation of the Jewish self-story,_ feels like an embarrassment_; the existence of such Christianity, which lives in harmony with its past (as its origins are not laced with murder and theft) and can engage with the political present (as it seeks to exist, not to violently expand) sheds a very unflattering light on colonial Christianity. _They want it eradicated so as to stay as the only true belief._

    Source: alonmizrahi.substack.com/p/its

    #Christianity #judaism #colonialism #zionism #AlonMizrahi

  17. Alon Mizrahi, fled/emigrated anti-zionist Israeli Jew worte a genealogy of colonial Christianity on his substack. One very interesting quote is the following:

    "Having a kind of Christianity around that is not colonial in nature - namely one that does not see itself as a continuation of the Jewish self-story,_ feels like an embarrassment_; the existence of such Christianity, which lives in harmony with its past (as its origins are not laced with murder and theft) and can engage with the political present (as it seeks to exist, not to violently expand) sheds a very unflattering light on colonial Christianity. _They want it eradicated so as to stay as the only true belief._

    Source: alonmizrahi.substack.com/p/its

    #Christianity #judaism #colonialism #zionism #AlonMizrahi

  18. Alon Mizrahi, fled/emigrated anti-zionist Israeli Jew worte a genealogy of colonial Christianity on his substack. One very interesting quote is the following:

    "Having a kind of Christianity around that is not colonial in nature - namely one that does not see itself as a continuation of the Jewish self-story,_ feels like an embarrassment_; the existence of such Christianity, which lives in harmony with its past (as its origins are not laced with murder and theft) and can engage with the political present (as it seeks to exist, not to violently expand) sheds a very unflattering light on colonial Christianity. _They want it eradicated so as to stay as the only true belief._

    Source: alonmizrahi.substack.com/p/its

    #Christianity #judaism #colonialism #zionism #AlonMizrahi

  19. Alon Mizrahi, fled/emigrated anti-zionist Israeli Jew worte a genealogy of colonial Christianity on his substack. One very interesting quote is the following:

    "Having a kind of Christianity around that is not colonial in nature - namely one that does not see itself as a continuation of the Jewish self-story,_ feels like an embarrassment_; the existence of such Christianity, which lives in harmony with its past (as its origins are not laced with murder and theft) and can engage with the political present (as it seeks to exist, not to violently expand) sheds a very unflattering light on colonial Christianity. _They want it eradicated so as to stay as the only true belief._

    Source: alonmizrahi.substack.com/p/its

    #Christianity #judaism #colonialism #zionism #AlonMizrahi

  20. Alon Mizrahi, fled/emigrated anti-zionist Israeli Jew worte a genealogy of colonial Christianity on his substack. One very interesting quote is the following:

    "Having a kind of Christianity around that is not colonial in nature - namely one that does not see itself as a continuation of the Jewish self-story,_ feels like an embarrassment_; the existence of such Christianity, which lives in harmony with its past (as its origins are not laced with murder and theft) and can engage with the political present (as it seeks to exist, not to violently expand) sheds a very unflattering light on colonial Christianity. _They want it eradicated so as to stay as the only true belief._

    Source: alonmizrahi.substack.com/p/its

    #Christianity #judaism #colonialism #zionism #AlonMizrahi

  21. Discovery of Mikveh Reveals Unknown Ancient Jewish Settlement in Southern Israel

    There you are, all set to build a new neighborhood in southern Israel, but a 2,000-year-old ritual bath…
    #NewsBeep #News #BreakingNews #breakingnews #Israel #Israelarchaeology #Jewishlaw #Judaism #Negev
    newsbeep.com/735959/

  22. Attention: Freethinkers and Jewish radicals

    You're invited to the
    First Annual
    Emma Goldman Memorial
    Virtual Yom Kippur Picnic

    Monday, September 21, 2026
    3 pm Eastern

    At our "picnic" we will hear more about the life of Emma Goldman (and her notorious Yom Kippur picnic of 1907), but also have some space for music, poetry, dancing and ideally some noshing (for those who aren't fasting). There is no need to dress fancy (unless you want to), but following the example of Emma, we do welcome folks being n costume.

    This event is organized by Shalom V'Tzedek, a home for Unbound Humanistic Jewish Learning with a focus on Peace & Social Justice

    The original Yom Kippur picnic of 1907 (hosted by Emma herself) charged a 25 cent admission fee. We won't charge an admission fee today, but we do encourage attendees to make a donation to a cause of social justice in the amount of $8.88 (the value in today's money of 25 cents in 1907) to an organization working for peace and social justice.

    To register: zoom.us/meeting/register/jA1JM

    #Mazeldon #Judaism #YomKippur #EmmaGoldman #Anarchism #Leftism #YomKippurPicnic #HumansticJudaism #UnboundJudaism

  23. Attention: Freethinkers and Jewish radicals

    You're invited to the
    First Annual
    Emma Goldman Memorial
    Virtual Yom Kippur Picnic

    Monday, September 21, 2026
    3 pm Eastern

    At our "picnic" we will hear more about the life of Emma Goldman (and her notorious Yom Kippur picnic of 1907), but also have some space for music, poetry, dancing and ideally some noshing (for those who aren't fasting). There is no need to dress fancy (unless you want to), but following the example of Emma, we do welcome folks being n costume.

    This event is organized by Shalom V'Tzedek, a home for Unbound Humanistic Jewish Learning with a focus on Peace & Social Justice

    The original Yom Kippur picnic of 1907 (hosted by Emma herself) charged a 25 cent admission fee. We won't charge an admission fee today, but we do encourage attendees to make a donation to a cause of social justice in the amount of $8.88 (the value in today's money of 25 cents in 1907) to an organization working for peace and social justice.

    To register: zoom.us/meeting/register/jA1JM

    #Mazeldon #Judaism #YomKippur #EmmaGoldman #Anarchism #Leftism #YomKippurPicnic #HumansticJudaism #UnboundJudaism

  24. Attention: Freethinkers and Jewish radicals

    You're invited to the
    First Annual
    Emma Goldman Memorial
    Virtual Yom Kippur Picnic

    Monday, September 21, 2026
    3 pm Eastern

    At our "picnic" we will hear more about the life of Emma Goldman (and her notorious Yom Kippur picnic of 1907), but also have some space for music, poetry, dancing and ideally some noshing (for those who aren't fasting). There is no need to dress fancy (unless you want to), but following the example of Emma, we do welcome folks being n costume.

    This event is organized by Shalom V'Tzedek, a home for Unbound Humanistic Jewish Learning with a focus on Peace & Social Justice

    The original Yom Kippur picnic of 1907 (hosted by Emma herself) charged a 25 cent admission fee. We won't charge an admission fee today, but we do encourage attendees to make a donation to a cause of social justice in the amount of $8.88 (the value in today's money of 25 cents in 1907) to an organization working for peace and social justice.

    To register: zoom.us/meeting/register/jA1JM

    #Mazeldon #Judaism #YomKippur #EmmaGoldman #Anarchism #Leftism #YomKippurPicnic #HumansticJudaism #UnboundJudaism

  25. Attention: Freethinkers and Jewish radicals

    You're invited to the
    First Annual
    Emma Goldman Memorial
    Virtual Yom Kippur Picnic

    Monday, September 21, 2026
    3 pm Eastern

    At our "picnic" we will hear more about the life of Emma Goldman (and her notorious Yom Kippur picnic of 1907), but also have some space for music, poetry, dancing and ideally some noshing (for those who aren't fasting). There is no need to dress fancy (unless you want to), but following the example of Emma, we do welcome folks being n costume.

    This event is organized by Shalom V'Tzedek, a home for Unbound Humanistic Jewish Learning with a focus on Peace & Social Justice

    The original Yom Kippur picnic of 1907 (hosted by Emma herself) charged a 25 cent admission fee. We won't charge an admission fee today, but we do encourage attendees to make a donation to a cause of social justice in the amount of $8.88 (the value in today's money of 25 cents in 1907) to an organization working for peace and social justice.

    To register: zoom.us/meeting/register/jA1JM

    #Mazeldon #Judaism #YomKippur #EmmaGoldman #Anarchism #Leftism #YomKippurPicnic #HumansticJudaism #UnboundJudaism

  26. Attention: Freethinkers and Jewish radicals

    You're invited to the
    First Annual
    Emma Goldman Memorial
    Virtual Yom Kippur Picnic

    Monday, September 21, 2026
    3 pm Eastern

    At our "picnic" we will hear more about the life of Emma Goldman (and her notorious Yom Kippur picnic of 1907), but also have some space for music, poetry, dancing and ideally some noshing (for those who aren't fasting). There is no need to dress fancy (unless you want to), but following the example of Emma, we do welcome folks being n costume.

    This event is organized by Shalom V'Tzedek, a home for Unbound Humanistic Jewish Learning with a focus on Peace & Social Justice

    The original Yom Kippur picnic of 1907 (hosted by Emma herself) charged a 25 cent admission fee. We won't charge an admission fee today, but we do encourage attendees to make a donation to a cause of social justice in the amount of $8.88 (the value in today's money of 25 cents in 1907) to an organization working for peace and social justice.

    To register: zoom.us/meeting/register/jA1JM

    #Mazeldon #Judaism #YomKippur #EmmaGoldman #Anarchism #Leftism #YomKippurPicnic #HumansticJudaism #UnboundJudaism

  27. What Macklemore’s departure from Ed Sheeran’s tour reveals about Jewish politics.

    Sign up for the Slatest to get the most insightful analysis, criticism, and advice out there, delivered to…
    #NewsBeep #News #BreakingNews #Anti-semitism #breakingnews #Celebrities #Gaza #Israel #Judaism #music #War
    newsbeep.com/734589/