#judaism — Public Fediverse posts
Live and recent posts from across the Fediverse tagged #judaism, aggregated by home.social.
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"Fear narrows the field of vision. One of the spiritual tasks of these days is to notice when that is happening — and to lift our eyes farther." #RabbiAlanaAlpert #Tchiyah #RoshHashanah #Judaism #Religion #Spirituality https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vx4SA358r8Y
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"Fear narrows the field of vision. One of the spiritual tasks of these days is to notice when that is happening — and to lift our eyes farther." #RabbiAlanaAlpert #Tchiyah #RoshHashanah #Judaism #Religion #Spirituality https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vx4SA358r8Y
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"Fear narrows the field of vision. One of the spiritual tasks of these days is to notice when that is happening — and to lift our eyes farther." #RabbiAlanaAlpert #Tchiyah #RoshHashanah #Judaism #Religion #Spirituality https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vx4SA358r8Y
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"Fear narrows the field of vision. One of the spiritual tasks of these days is to notice when that is happening — and to lift our eyes farther." #RabbiAlanaAlpert #Tchiyah #RoshHashanah #Judaism #Religion #Spirituality https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vx4SA358r8Y
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"Fear narrows the field of vision. One of the spiritual tasks of these days is to notice when that is happening — and to lift our eyes farther." #RabbiAlanaAlpert #Tchiyah #RoshHashanah #Judaism #Religion #Spirituality https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vx4SA358r8Y
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Former spy chief says media failed to report widely on antisemitism
By Erin HandleyFormer spy boss Dennis Richardson has criticised the media's handling of "blatant antisemitism" in Australia after the October 7 Hamas attacks and has called for an "open discussion" about extremist Islamists without targeting the broader Australian Muslim community.
#Extremism #Judaism #Islam #GovernmentandPolitics #FederalGovernment #FederalParliament #CommunityandSociety #Journalism #ErinHandley
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Former spy chief says media failed to report widely on antisemitism
By Erin HandleyFormer spy boss Dennis Richardson has criticised the media's handling of "blatant antisemitism" in Australia after the October 7 Hamas attacks and has called for an "open discussion" about extremist Islamists without targeting the broader Australian Muslim community.
#Extremism #Judaism #Islam #GovernmentandPolitics #FederalGovernment #FederalParliament #CommunityandSociety #Journalism #ErinHandley
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Former spy chief says media failed to report widely on antisemitism
By Erin HandleyFormer spy boss Dennis Richardson has criticised the media's handling of "blatant antisemitism" in Australia after the October 7 Hamas attacks and has called for an "open discussion" about extremist Islamists without targeting the broader Australian Muslim community.
#Extremism #Judaism #Islam #GovernmentandPolitics #FederalGovernment #FederalParliament #CommunityandSociety #Journalism #ErinHandley
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Former spy chief says media failed to report widely on antisemitism
By Erin HandleyFormer spy boss Dennis Richardson has criticised the media's handling of "blatant antisemitism" in Australia after the October 7 Hamas attacks and has called for an "open discussion" about extremist Islamists without targeting the broader Australian Muslim community.
#Extremism #Judaism #Islam #GovernmentandPolitics #FederalGovernment #FederalParliament #CommunityandSociety #Journalism #ErinHandley
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Former spy chief says media failed to report widely on antisemitism
By Erin HandleyFormer spy boss Dennis Richardson has criticised the media's handling of "blatant antisemitism" in Australia after the October 7 Hamas attacks and has called for an "open discussion" about extremist Islamists without targeting the broader Australian Muslim community.
#Extremism #Judaism #Islam #GovernmentandPolitics #FederalGovernment #FederalParliament #CommunityandSociety #Journalism #ErinHandley
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"Fear narrows the field of vision. One of the spiritual tasks of these days is to notice when that is happening — and to lift our eyes farther." #RabbiAlanaAlpert #Tchiyah #RoshHashanah #Judaism #Religion #Spirituality https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vx4SA358r8Y
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"Fear narrows the field of vision. One of the spiritual tasks of these days is to notice when that is happening — and to lift our eyes farther." #RabbiAlanaAlpert #Tchiyah #RoshHashanah #Judaism #Religion #Spirituality https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vx4SA358r8Y
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I was very young when he passed away, but I knew him and I remember him. He arrived in the US in 1913. I have his fancy kippah (probably bought in the States not all that long ago, but it was his) and a matzoh cloth his wife Bessie, my great-grandmother, embroidered. I knew her too.
I also have a pair of decorated book covers for siddurim that supposedly belonged to *his* grandfather. I can't verify that - he didn't tell me that, I heard that later - but I'm glad to have those, too.
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My great-grandfather left his shtetl in the Pale and came to America for three reasons.
1) to avoid the pogroms.
2) to avoid impressment and involuntary service in the Czar's army.
(I thought that was a hell of a thing. Either the cossacks come and try to kill you, or you could be forced into the military to serve involuntarily for twenty years. Or both!)
3) To get away from the Rabbi. He was sick of it. Sick of the stifling traditional life.
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Wild thing about cantorial school: learning that SO many prayer melodies are built on bad Hebrew. I used to think this was, like, an ashkenaz vs. sefardi thing, but it's all based in biblical, and the ta'amim are written right there, telling you where the accent falls.
So why is it lehadlik ner shel SHAbbat and not shabbAT? Yiddish accents preferring penultimate stress! I've been singing with an accent for a language I've never spoken, lol.
1/2
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Islamophobia is rising – and Britain’s politicians have been dangerously complacent in tackling it | Arun Kundnani https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2026/sep/14/britain-politicians-complacent-islamophobia-rising-hard-right-politics #Islamophobia #Islam #Religion #Judaism #Race #UkNews
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Islamophobia is rising – and Britain’s politicians have been dangerously complacent in tackling it | Arun Kundnani https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2026/sep/14/britain-politicians-complacent-islamophobia-rising-hard-right-politics #Islamophobia #Islam #Religion #Judaism #Race #UkNews
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Islamophobia is rising – and Britain’s politicians have been dangerously complacent in tackling it | Arun Kundnani https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2026/sep/14/britain-politicians-complacent-islamophobia-rising-hard-right-politics #Islamophobia #Islam #Religion #Judaism #Race #UkNews
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Islamophobia is rising – and Britain’s politicians have been dangerously complacent in tackling it | Arun Kundnani https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2026/sep/14/britain-politicians-complacent-islamophobia-rising-hard-right-politics #Islamophobia #Islam #Religion #Judaism #Race #UkNews
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Islamophobia is rising – and Britain’s politicians have been dangerously complacent in tackling it | Arun Kundnani
By Arun KundnaniMainstream figures have been enabling anti-Muslim racism, creating the ideal conditions for the rise of hard-right political parties
#Islamophobia #Islam #Religion #Judaism #Race #UKnews #TheGuardian #ArunKundnani
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Islamophobia is rising – and Britain’s politicians have been dangerously complacent in tackling it | Arun Kundnani
By Arun KundnaniMainstream figures have been enabling anti-Muslim racism, creating the ideal conditions for the rise of hard-right political parties
#Islamophobia #Islam #Religion #Judaism #Race #UKnews #TheGuardian #ArunKundnani
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Islamophobia is rising – and Britain’s politicians have been dangerously complacent in tackling it | Arun Kundnani
By Arun KundnaniMainstream figures have been enabling anti-Muslim racism, creating the ideal conditions for the rise of hard-right political parties
#Islamophobia #Islam #Religion #Judaism #Race #UKnews #TheGuardian #ArunKundnani
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Islamophobia is rising – and Britain’s politicians have been dangerously complacent in tackling it | Arun Kundnani
By Arun KundnaniMainstream figures have been enabling anti-Muslim racism, creating the ideal conditions for the rise of hard-right political parties
#Islamophobia #Islam #Religion #Judaism #Race #UKnews #TheGuardian #ArunKundnani
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"In a townhouse in #Greenpoint, #Brooklyn, a gathering for #TuBAv was underway. There was chanting and breathwork, singing and ceremony. Several Brooklyn-based #Jewish communities, including Temple of the Stranger and Lab/ #Shul, had come together for the experience.
These vibes are usually associated with Eastern traditions, paganism or indigenous American practices; most Westerners who want that form of spirituality go looking for it at Buddhist meditation centers or ayahuasca retreats, forms of engagement more often associated with the 1960s or ’70s #counterculture movement than with a #synagogue.
But a group of #rabbis, leaders and #spiritual seekers believe drum circles, chanting, #meditation and #mysticism are, in fact, just as core to #Judaism as any #rabbinic text — a sort of lost magic that has impeded vibrant, direct spiritual experience."
https://forward.com/culture/845078/ivri-judaism-jewish-ritual-practice-mysticism-spirituality/
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"In a townhouse in #Greenpoint, #Brooklyn, a gathering for #TuBAv was underway. There was chanting and breathwork, singing and ceremony. Several Brooklyn-based #Jewish communities, including Temple of the Stranger and Lab/ #Shul, had come together for the experience.
These vibes are usually associated with Eastern traditions, paganism or indigenous American practices; most Westerners who want that form of spirituality go looking for it at Buddhist meditation centers or ayahuasca retreats, forms of engagement more often associated with the 1960s or ’70s #counterculture movement than with a #synagogue.
But a group of #rabbis, leaders and #spiritual seekers believe drum circles, chanting, #meditation and #mysticism are, in fact, just as core to #Judaism as any #rabbinic text — a sort of lost magic that has impeded vibrant, direct spiritual experience."
https://forward.com/culture/845078/ivri-judaism-jewish-ritual-practice-mysticism-spirituality/
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"In a townhouse in #Greenpoint, #Brooklyn, a gathering for #TuBAv was underway. There was chanting and breathwork, singing and ceremony. Several Brooklyn-based #Jewish communities, including Temple of the Stranger and Lab/ #Shul, had come together for the experience.
These vibes are usually associated with Eastern traditions, paganism or indigenous American practices; most Westerners who want that form of spirituality go looking for it at Buddhist meditation centers or ayahuasca retreats, forms of engagement more often associated with the 1960s or ’70s #counterculture movement than with a #synagogue.
But a group of #rabbis, leaders and #spiritual seekers believe drum circles, chanting, #meditation and #mysticism are, in fact, just as core to #Judaism as any #rabbinic text — a sort of lost magic that has impeded vibrant, direct spiritual experience."
https://forward.com/culture/845078/ivri-judaism-jewish-ritual-practice-mysticism-spirituality/
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"In a townhouse in #Greenpoint, #Brooklyn, a gathering for #TuBAv was underway. There was chanting and breathwork, singing and ceremony. Several Brooklyn-based #Jewish communities, including Temple of the Stranger and Lab/ #Shul, had come together for the experience.
These vibes are usually associated with Eastern traditions, paganism or indigenous American practices; most Westerners who want that form of spirituality go looking for it at Buddhist meditation centers or ayahuasca retreats, forms of engagement more often associated with the 1960s or ’70s #counterculture movement than with a #synagogue.
But a group of #rabbis, leaders and #spiritual seekers believe drum circles, chanting, #meditation and #mysticism are, in fact, just as core to #Judaism as any #rabbinic text — a sort of lost magic that has impeded vibrant, direct spiritual experience."
https://forward.com/culture/845078/ivri-judaism-jewish-ritual-practice-mysticism-spirituality/
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"In a townhouse in #Greenpoint, #Brooklyn, a gathering for #TuBAv was underway. There was chanting and breathwork, singing and ceremony. Several Brooklyn-based #Jewish communities, including Temple of the Stranger and Lab/ #Shul, had come together for the experience.
These vibes are usually associated with Eastern traditions, paganism or indigenous American practices; most Westerners who want that form of spirituality go looking for it at Buddhist meditation centers or ayahuasca retreats, forms of engagement more often associated with the 1960s or ’70s #counterculture movement than with a #synagogue.
But a group of #rabbis, leaders and #spiritual seekers believe drum circles, chanting, #meditation and #mysticism are, in fact, just as core to #Judaism as any #rabbinic text — a sort of lost magic that has impeded vibrant, direct spiritual experience."
https://forward.com/culture/845078/ivri-judaism-jewish-ritual-practice-mysticism-spirituality/
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!Electronical-Computer-Mechanical
t.me/scilib_yura15cbx/373!COmputer & Programming
#компьютер, #компьютеры, #ЭВМ, ремонт компьютеров, компьютерная техника, железо, #программы, #настройка, #диагностика, операционные системы, игровые приставки, аппаратные средства, computer, #computers, computers, computer repair, computer equipment, #hardware, #programs, #setup, #diagnostics, operating systems, game consoles, #hardware, #комп'ютер, #комп'ютери, #ЕОМ, ремонт комп'ютерів, комп'ютерна техніка, #залізо, #програми, #налаштування, діагностика, операційні системи, ігрові приставки, апаратні засоби ремонт телевизоров, #мониторы
t.me/scilib_yura15cbx/372_Фонд редких книг
t.me/scilib_yura15cbx/371Энергетика и целительство
Energy and healing, Енергетика та цілительство
t.me/scilib_yura15cbx/370Эзотерическая рунология
Esoteric runology, Езотерична рунологія
t.me/scilib_yura15cbx/369Шаманизм, Шаманізм, shamanism
#Шаманизм, #Шаманізм, #shamanism
t.me/scilib_yura15cbx/368Фэн - шуй
Фен Шуй, Feng Shui
t.me/scilib_yura15cbx/367Тантрическая традиция, Tantric tradition
t.me/scilib_yura15cbx/365Медитации и транс, Meditation and trance
#Медитации и #транс, #Meditation and #trance
t.me/scilib_yura15cbx/364Магия, Magic
#Магия, #Magic
t.me/scilib_yura15cbx/363Каббала и Тора, Kabbalah and Torah
#Каббала и #Тора, #Kabbalah and #Torah
t.me/scilib_yura15cbx/362Йога, Yoga
#Йога, #Yoga
t.me/scilib_yura15cbx/361Иудаизм, Judaism
#Иудаизм, #Judaism
t.me/scilib_yura15cbx/360Индуизм, Hinduism
#Индуизм, #Hinduism
t.me/scilib_yura15cbx/358веды, Veda
#веды, #Veda
t.me/scilib_yura15cbx/356suteres, koans
#suteres, #koans
t.me/scilib_yura15cbx/355esoteric эзотерика мистика мистицизм оккультизм
#esoteric #эзотерика #мистика #мистицизм #оккультизм
t.me/scilib_yura15cbx/353RELIGION
религия секты учения
#RELIGION
t.me/scilib_yura15cbx/352_Цигун, qigong Qi Books
#Цигун, #qigong #Qi Books
t.me/scilib_yura15cbx/351_буддизм, Buddhism
#буддизм, #Buddhism
t.me/scilib_yura15cbx/349_Дзен, zen
#Дзен, #zen
t.me/scilib_yura15cbx/348_Даосизм
Taoism
#Даосизм
#Taoism
t.me/scilib_yura15cbx/347 -
!Electronical-Computer-Mechanical
t.me/scilib_yura15cbx/373!COmputer & Programming
#компьютер, #компьютеры, #ЭВМ, ремонт компьютеров, компьютерная техника, железо, #программы, #настройка, #диагностика, операционные системы, игровые приставки, аппаратные средства, computer, #computers, computers, computer repair, computer equipment, #hardware, #programs, #setup, #diagnostics, operating systems, game consoles, #hardware, #комп'ютер, #комп'ютери, #ЕОМ, ремонт комп'ютерів, комп'ютерна техніка, #залізо, #програми, #налаштування, діагностика, операційні системи, ігрові приставки, апаратні засоби ремонт телевизоров, #мониторы
t.me/scilib_yura15cbx/372_Фонд редких книг
t.me/scilib_yura15cbx/371Энергетика и целительство
Energy and healing, Енергетика та цілительство
t.me/scilib_yura15cbx/370Эзотерическая рунология
Esoteric runology, Езотерична рунологія
t.me/scilib_yura15cbx/369Шаманизм, Шаманізм, shamanism
#Шаманизм, #Шаманізм, #shamanism
t.me/scilib_yura15cbx/368Фэн - шуй
Фен Шуй, Feng Shui
t.me/scilib_yura15cbx/367Тантрическая традиция, Tantric tradition
t.me/scilib_yura15cbx/365Медитации и транс, Meditation and trance
#Медитации и #транс, #Meditation and #trance
t.me/scilib_yura15cbx/364Магия, Magic
#Магия, #Magic
t.me/scilib_yura15cbx/363Каббала и Тора, Kabbalah and Torah
#Каббала и #Тора, #Kabbalah and #Torah
t.me/scilib_yura15cbx/362Йога, Yoga
#Йога, #Yoga
t.me/scilib_yura15cbx/361Иудаизм, Judaism
#Иудаизм, #Judaism
t.me/scilib_yura15cbx/360Индуизм, Hinduism
#Индуизм, #Hinduism
t.me/scilib_yura15cbx/358веды, Veda
#веды, #Veda
t.me/scilib_yura15cbx/356suteres, koans
#suteres, #koans
t.me/scilib_yura15cbx/355esoteric эзотерика мистика мистицизм оккультизм
#esoteric #эзотерика #мистика #мистицизм #оккультизм
t.me/scilib_yura15cbx/353RELIGION
религия секты учения
#RELIGION
t.me/scilib_yura15cbx/352_Цигун, qigong Qi Books
#Цигун, #qigong #Qi Books
t.me/scilib_yura15cbx/351_буддизм, Buddhism
#буддизм, #Buddhism
t.me/scilib_yura15cbx/349_Дзен, zen
#Дзен, #zen
t.me/scilib_yura15cbx/348_Даосизм
Taoism
#Даосизм
#Taoism
t.me/scilib_yura15cbx/347 -
Spirituality & Religious Studies @spiritualityreligiousstudies.wordpress.com@spiritualityreligiousstudies.wordpress.com ·Ashkenazi Jews
Author’s Note: This post has mentions of Nazis, the Holocaust, & Nazi Germany. We completely understand if you wish to skip over this post. We’ll catch you in the next one!
Also known as Ashkenazic Jews, Ashkenazis, or Ashkenazim.
This is a form of distinct ethnic subdivision of the Jewish Diaspora. Emerging from the Jewish communities that consolidated during the 10th century in the Rhineland (Western Germany) & northern France. They migrated there from centers such as the Italian peninsula & the Southern Levant. This includes present-day Lebanon, Israel, Palestine, & Jordan.
After numerous massacres of Jews during the Crusades (11th-13th centuries), they began a gradual eastward migration due to mounting restrictions within the Holy Roman Empire & the favorable policies of Casimir the Great & others.
This diaspora ramped up after the persecution during the Black Death of the 14th century. The bulk of the Ashkenazi Jews had migrated to the Kingdom of Poland (which includes modern-day Poland, Lithuania, Belarus, Ukraine, & parts of Russia). This area became the main center of Ashkenazi Jewry until the Holocaust.
Ashkenazim adapted their traditions, rites, & customs to Europe. They traditionally followed the German rite synagogue ritual & until the Holocaust primarily spoke Yiddish, an offshoot of Middle High German written in a variety of the Hebrew script, with significant Hebrew, Aramaic, & Slavic influences.
The Yiddish language progressively declined in prestige, in favor of national languages & Hebrew, being stigmatized by assimilationists & later also Zionists. Though it was spoken by over 11 million people worldwide before the Holocaust. The Yiddishist movement, which sought to preserve & revive the language, faded through the 20th century. Including Duolingo adding Yiddish as a language.
As a proportion of the world Jewish population, Ashkenazim were estimated to be 3% in the 11th century, rising to 92% in 1930, near the population’s peak. The Ashkenazi population was significantly diminished by the Holocaust carried out by Nazi Germany during WWII, which killed around 6 million Jews. Before WWII, the estimated worldwide Jewish population was 15.3-16.7 million, with 92% being Ashkenazi. As of 2023, the population of Ashkenazim was estimated to be around 10-13 million out of 15.8 million total Jews.
The name Ashkenazi comes from the biblical figure of Ashkenaz. He’s the 1st son of Gomer, grandson of Japhet, great-grandson of Noah, & a Japhetic patriarch in the Table of Nations. The name for Gomer has often been linked to the Cimmerians.
The Biblical Ashkenazis are usually derived from Assyrian Askuza, a people who expelled the Cimmerians from the Armenian area of the Upper Euphrates. The name Askuza is identified with the Scythians.
In Jeremiah 51:27, Ashkenaz figures as 1 of 3 kingdoms in the far north, the others being Minni (or Mannaea), an ancient kingdom that flourished in northwestern Iran, & Arrat (corresponding to Urartu), called on by God to resist Babylon.
Ashkenaz is linked to Scandza/Scanzia (usually identified with Scandinavia), viewed as the cradle of Germanic tribes, in the 6th-century gloss to the Historia Ecclesiastica of Eusebius. In the 10th century, in the History of Armenia of Yovhannes Drasxanakertci, Ashkenaz was associated with Armenia.
As it was occasionally in Jewish usage, where its denotation extended at times to Adiabene, Khazaria, Chimea, & areas to the east. They’re also identified with the Slavim or Slavs. In keeping with the custom of designating areas of Jewish settlement with biblical names, Spain was called Sefarad (Obadiah 20), France was called Tsarefat (I Kings 17:9), & Bohemia was called the Land of Canaan.
Given the close links between the Jewish communities of France & Germany following the Carolingian unification, the term Ashkenazi came to refer to the Jews of both medieval Germany & France.
In later times, the word Ashkenaz is used to designate southern & western Germany, the ritual of which sections differs somewhat from that of eastern Germany & Poland. Thus, the prayer book of Isaiah Horowitz (a prominent rabbi & mystic), & many others, give the piyyutim (a Jewish liturgical poem), according to the Minhag of Ashkenaz & Poland. A Minhag is an accepted tradition or group of traditions in Judaism.
In a religious sense, an Ashkenazi Jew is any Jew whose family tradition & synagogue ritual follow Ashkenazi practices (German rite). Until the Ashkenazi community 1st began to develop in the Early Middle Ages, the centers of Jewish religious authority were in the Islamic world, at Baghdad & Islamic Spain. German Ashkenaz was so geographically distant that it developed a minhag of its own.
The counterpart of Ashkenazi is Sephardic. Since most non-Ashkenazi Orthodox Jews follow Sephardic rabbinical authorities, whether or not they’re ethnically Sephardic. By tradition, a Sephardic or Mizrahi (a.k.a. Oriental Jews; Jews who lived in the Muslim world) who married into an Orthodox or Haredi (a.k.a. ultra-Orthodox) Ashkenazi Jewish family raises her kids to be Ashkenazi Jews.
On the other hand, an Ashkenazi woman who married a Sephardi or Mizrahi is expected to take on Sephardic practices & the kids will “inherit” a Sephardic identity. Though in practice, many families do compromise. A “convert” usually follows the practice of the rabbinical court (beth din) that converted them.
Culturally, an Ashkenazi Jew can be identified by the concept of Yiddishkeit, which means “Jewishness” in the Yiddish language. Before the Haskalah (a.k.a. the Jewish Enlightenment) & the emancipation of Jews in Europe, this meant the study of the Torah & the Talmud for men, & communal life governed by the observance of Jewish Law for men & women.
From the Rhineland to Riga (the largest city in Latvia) to Romania, most Jews prayed in liturgical Ashkenazi Hebrew, & spoke Yiddish in their secular (worldly) lives. But with modernization, Yiddishkeit now includes not just Orthodoxy & Hasidism, but a broader range of movements, ideologies, practices, & traditions in which Ashkenazi have participated & somehow kept a sense of Jewishness. Although pockets of Jews still speak Yiddish, Yiddishkeit can be identified in manners of speech, styles of humor, & in patterns of association.
As Ashkenazi Jews moved away from Europe, mostly in the form of aliyah to Israel. Or immigration to North America, South Africa, Europe (particularly France), & Latin America, the geographic isolation has given way to mixing with other cultures, & with non-Ashkenazi Jews who, similarly, are no longer isolated in distinct geographic locales.
Hebrew has replaced Yiddish as the primary Jewish language for many Ashkenazi Jews. Although many Hasidic & Hareidi groups still use Yiddish in daily life. Aliyah is the immigration of Jews from the diaspora to, historically, the geographic Land of Israel or the Palestine region, where the State of Israel was established.
France’s blended Jewish community is typical of the cultural recombination that’s going on among Jews throughout the world. Although France expelled its original Jewish population in the Middle Ages, by the time of the French Revolution, there were 2 distinct Jewish populations.
One consisted of Sephardic Jews, originally refugees from the Inquisition (which no one expects! Sorry, we’re Monty Python fans here.) & concentrated in the southwest. While the other community was Ashkenazi, concentrated in formerly German Alsace, & mainly speaking a German dialect similar to Yiddish.
The 3rd community of Provencal Jews living in Comtat Venaissin was technically outside France, & was later absorbed into the Sephardim. Comtat Venaissin (called Comtat, for short) was a part of the Papal States from 1274 to 1791.
But after emancipation, a sense of a unified French Jewry emerged, especially when France was wracked by the Dreyfus Affair in the 1890s. (We’ll be doing a post about the Dreyfus Affair.) In the 1920s & 30s, Ashkenazi Jews from Europe arrived in large numbers as refugees from antisemitism, the Russian Revolution, & the economic turmoil of the Great Depression.
By the 1930s, Paris had a vibrant Yiddish culture, & many Jews were involved in diverse political movements. After the Vichy years & the Holocaust, the French Jewish population was augmented once again, 1st by Ashkenazi refugees from Central Europe, & later by Sephardi immigrants & refugees from North Africa, many of them francophone. Francophone refers to people/organizations who use French (language) regularly.
Ashkenazi Jews didn’t transmit their traditions or achievements by text. Instead, these traditions were passed down orally from one generation to the next. The desire to maintain pre-Holocaust traditions relating to Ashkenazi culture has often been met with criticism by Jews in Eastern Europe.
In an ethnic sense, an Ashkenazi Jew is a descendant of the Jews who settled in the Central European region of “Ashkenaz.” For roughly 1,000 years, the Ashkenazim were a reproductively isolated population in Europe.
Despite living in many countries, with little inflow or outflow of countries from migration, conversion, or intermarriage with other groups, including other Jews. Since the mid-20th century, many Ashkenazi Jews have intermarried, both with members of other Jewish communities & non-Jews.
Religious persecution of the Jews in Western & Central Europe led to a significant migration of the Ashkenazi Jews into Eastern Europe. This resulted in a major cultural divide between Western/Central & Eastern Ashkenazi communities. In particular, this was reflected in the division of Yiddish into Western & Eastern Yiddish dialects. As well as in other cultural distinctions: traditions, food, dress, etc.
Initially, the Jews of Eastern Europe enjoyed relative freedom in terms of movement, being invited by the kings of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. Over time, the situation was reversed. By the 19th century, the Jews in the West had gradually been integrated into the general society.
While the Eastern Ashkenazi maintained their strict Jewish traditions & were mostly confined to ghettos, especially in the Pale of Settlement of the Russian Empire, which incorporated a considerable amount of land where the Eastern Ashkenazi lived: Poland & Lithuania.
Well-known differences in practices include:
- Observance of Passover (Pesach)
- Ashkenazi Jews traditionally refrain from eating legumes, grain, millet, & rice. Quinoa has become accepted as a food grain in North American communities. Sephardi Jews typically don’t prohibit these foods.
- Notwithstanding stricter requirements for the ACTUAL slaughter, Sephardi Jews permit the rear portions of an animal after proper Halakhic removal of the sciatic nerve. While many Ashkenazi Jews don’t.
- Ashkenazi Jews often name newborns after deceased family members, not after living relatives. Sephardi Jews often name their kids after their grandparents, even if those grandparents are still living. An exception to this is among Dutch Jews, where Ashkenazi for centuries used naming conventions otherwise attributed exclusively to Sephardim, such as Chuts. Chuts is the name given to Jews who immigrated to London from the Netherlands in the 1850s-1860s.
- Ashkenazi tefillins are wound toward the body, not away from it. Ashkenazim put on the tefillin while standing up. Other Jews generally do so while sitting down. A tefillin(s) is/are sets of small black leather boxes with leather straps having scrolls of parchment written with verses of the Torah inside.
- The prayer shawl (tallit/tallis) is worn by all Ashkenazi men AFTER marriage. Except for Western European Ashkenazi men who wear it from the bar mitzvah. In Sephardi or Mizrahi Judaism, the prayer shawl is commonly worn from early childhood.
The term Ashkenazi also refers to the Nusach Ashkenaz, the liturgical tradition used by Ashkenazi Jews in their siddur (prayer book). A nusach is defined by a liturgical tradition’s choice of prayers, the text of prayers & melodies used in the singing of prayers. 2 other major forms of nusach among Ashkenazi Jews are Nusach Sefard (not to be confused with the Sephardic ritual), which is the general Polish Hasidic nusach, and Nusach Ari, used by those in Chabad.
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#10thCentury #11thCentury #1274 #13thCentury #14thCentury #1790 #1791 #1850s #1860s #1890s #1920s #1930 #1930s #19thCentury #20thCentury #21stCentury #6thCentury #Adiabene #Aliyah #Aramaic #Armenia #Arrat #AshkenaziJews #Ashkenazim #Askuza #Assyrian #Babylon #Belarus #BethDin #BlackDeath #Bohemia #Canaan #Carolingian #CasmirTheGreat #CentalEurope #CentralEurope #Chabad #Chimea #Chuts #Cimmerians #Comtat #ComtatVenaissin #Crusades #DreyfusAffair #Duolingo #EarlyMiddleAges #EasternEurope #Europe #Eusebius #France #GermanAlsace #GermanRite #Germany #Gomer #GreatDepression #Halakic #Haredi #Hasidism #Haskalah #Hebrew #HistoriaEcclesiastica #HistoryOfArmenia #Holocaust #HolyRomanEmpire #IKings179 #IsaiahHorowitz #Islam #Israel #ItalianPeninsula #Japhet #Jeremiah5127 #JewishDiaspora #JewishEnlightenment #JewishLaw #Jordan #Judaism #Khazaria #KingdomOfPoland #LatinAmerica #Lebanon #Levant #Lithuania #London #Mannaea #MiddleAges #MiddleHighGerman #Minhag #Minni #Mizrahi #Muslim #Netherlands #Noah #NorthAfrica #NorthAmerica #NorthernFrance #NorthwesternIran #NusachSefard #OrientalJews #Orthodox #PaleOfSettlement #Palestine #PapalStates #Paris #Passover #Pesach #Piyyutim #Poland #PolishLithuanianCommonwealth #prayerBook #PrayerShawl #Provencal #Rhineland #Riga #Romania #Russia #RussianEmpire #RussianRevolution #Scandinavia #Scythians #Sefarad #Sephardic #Siddur #Slavic #SouthAfrica #SouthernLevant #Spain #StateOfIsrael #synagogue #TableOfNations #Tallis #Tallit #Talmud #Tefillins #Torah #Tsarefat #Ukraine #UltraOrthodox #UpperEuphrates #Vichy #WesternGermany #WorldWarII #Yiddish #Yiddishkeit #YovhannesDrasxanakertci #Zionists - Observance of Passover (Pesach)
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"As #StevenPressman makes clear in his new #documentary #film, Dust Bowls and #Jewish Souls: Another Side of #WoodyGuthrie, there was another side to #Guthrie and his #songs. As his son, #ArloGuthrie, explains in the film: “My father studied #Judaism and he knew something about it. He never exchanged his faith for something else; he added to his faith. And that something else he added … was a Jewish identity. He understood what that meant traditionally, historically, culturally. And he knew more about Judaism than my zeyde. And so, my bubbe was thrilled.”
It just so happens that Arlo’s bubbe — his grandmother — was acclaimed #Yiddish #poet and #lyricist #AlizaGreenblatt. When Guthrie married Aliza’s daughter, #MarjorieMazia (née #Greenblatt), the two chose to raise their children in #ConeyIsland..."
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Unorthodox: The Scandalous Rejection of My Hasidic Roots "A code of relentlessly enforced customs governing everything from what she could wear" Sale: $17.99 to $1.99 by Deborah Feldman 4.5/5 (14,078 Reviews) #unorthodox #memoir #judaism #hasidic #biography #books #booksky #netflix #religion
Unorthodox: The Scandalous Rej... -
Spirituality & Religious Studies @spiritualityreligiousstudies.wordpress.com@spiritualityreligiousstudies.wordpress.com ·Archangel Uriel
Uriel means “God is my flame.” His name could be spelled Auriel or Oriel. He’s one of the archangels who’s mentioned in Rabbinic tradition & in certain Christian traditions.
He’s well known in the Russian Orthodox tradition & in folk Catholicism (in both he’s considered to be 1 of the 7 major archangels). In Anglicanism, he’s also well known in European esoteric medieval literature.
Uriel is also known as a master of knowledge & archangel of wisdom. He’s associated with the truth.
In apocryphal, kabbalistic, & occult works, Uriel has been equated (or confused) with Urial, Nuriel, Uryan, Jeremiel, Vretil, Sariel, Puruel, Phanuel, Azrael, & Raphael.
In the Secret Book of John (an early Gnostic work), Uriel is placed in control of the demons who help Yaldabaoth create Adam.
Of the 7 Archangels in the angelology of Judaism, only 2 of them (Gabriel & Michael) are mentioned by name in the canonized Jewish scripture. Where a 4th archangel is added to the named 3 (to represent the 4 cardinal points), Uriel is generally the 4th. Uriel is listed as the 4th angel by Christian Gnostics, under the name of Phanuel.
Uriel appears in the 2nd Book of Esdras, which is found in the Biblical apocrypha (called Esdras IV in the Vulgate). In this, the prophet Ezra asks God a series of questions, & God sends Uriel to instruct him. According to the Revelation of Esdras, the angels who will rule at the end of the world are Michael, Gabriel, Uriel, Raphael, Gabuthelon, Beburos, Zebuleion, Aker, & Arphugitonos. The final 5 listed appear only in the book & nowhere else in apocryphal or apocalyptics works.
In Christian apocryphal Gospels, Uriel plays a role (differing between the sources) in the rescue of Jesus’ cousin, John the Baptist, from the Massacre of the Innocents ordered by King Herod. He carries John & his mom, St. Elizabeth, to join the Holy Family after their flight into Egypt. Their reunion is pictured in da Vinci’s Virgin of the Rocks (a.k.a. Madonna of the Rocks).
Uriel is often identified as a cherub & the angel of repentance. He stood at the Garden of Eden with a fiery sword, or as the angel who’s over the world & over Tartarus. In the Apocalypse of Peter, he appears as the angel of repentance, who is graphically represented as being as pitiless as any demon.
In the Life of Adam & Eve, Uriel is regarded as the spirit (1 of the cherubs) of the 3rd chapter of Genesis. He’s also identified as 1 of the angels who helped bury Adam & Abel in Eden. He checked the doors of Egypt for lamb’s blood during the plague. He held the key to the pit during the end times, & led Abraham to the west.
In modern angelology, Uriel is identified variously as a seraph, cherub, regent of the sun, flame of God, angel of the divine presence, presider over Tartarus/Hell, archangel of salvation, & in later scriptures, identified with Phanuel (“God has turned”). He’s often pictured carrying a book or a papyrus scroll representing wisdom. Uriel is a patron of the arts.
In the Eastern Orthodox churches, Uriel is commemorated together with the other archangels & angels with a feast day of the “Synaxis of the Archangel Michael & the Other Bodiless Powers” on November 8 of the liturgical calendar. For those churches which follow the Julian calendar, November 8 & falls on November 21 on the modern Gregorian calendar.
He’s regarded as the patron saint of the arts & sciences. In addition, every Monday throughout the year is dedicated to the angels.
The Anglicans & Coptic Christians of Ethiopia & Eritrea venerate archangel Uriel. According to the latter, July 11 is his feast day. In the Ethiopian Homily on the Archangel Uriel, he’s pictured as 1 of the great archangels & as the angelus interpres who has interpreted prophecies to Enoch & Ezra, & the helper of both of them.
According to the Homily, at the time of the crucifixion of Jesus, Uriel dipped his wing in the blood & water flowing from Christ’s flank & Filled a cup with it. Carrying the cup, he & the archangel Michael rushed into the world & sprinkled it all over Ethiopia.
In every place where a drop of blood fell, a church was built. Thus, Uriel is often pictured carrying a chalice filled with the blood of Christ in Ethiopian Orthodox iconography. Uriel is honored in the Lutheran Churches as well, with churches including statuary of the archangels Gabriel, Uriel, Michael, & Raphael.
At the Council of Rome of 745, Pope Zachary (intending to clarify the church’s teaching on angels & curbs a tendency toward angel worship) condemned obsession with angelic intervention & angelology. But reaffirmed the approval of the practice of the reverence of angels.
This Synod struck many angels’ names from the list of those eligible for veneration in the church of Rome, including Uriel. Only the reverence of the archangels is mentioned in the recognized Catholic canon of scriptures, namely, Michael, Gabriel, & Raphael, remained acceptable.
In the 16th century, Archangel Uriel appeared before the Sicilian friar Antonio Lo Duca & told him to build a church in the Termini area. Lo Duca told Pope Pius IV about the apparition, and the pope then asked Michelangelo to design the church, which became the Basilica of St. Mary of the Angels & of the Martyrs located at the Esedra Plaza.
In the 1st half of the 11th century, Bulgarian followers of the duelist heresy called Bogomilism, who lived in the dukedom of Ahtum in present-day Banat, invoked Uriel in rituals. This was witnessed by Gerard of Csanad, the Catholic bishop of the area after 1028. Uriel was also named in a small exorcism in the 15th century.
The Book of Enoch (which presents itself as written by Enoch) mentions Uriel in many of its component books. In chapter IX, part of “The Book of the Watchers” (2nd century BC), only 4 angels are named. Those angels are Michael, Uriel, Raphael, & Gabriel. Though some versions have a 5th angel: Suryal or Suriel.
However, chapter XX later lists 7 angels’ names & functions. Those angels are “Uriel, 1 of the holy angels, who’s over the world & over Tartarus,” Raphael, Raguel, Michael, Saraqael, Gabriel, & Remiel.
The Book of the Watchers tells us that Uriel, Raphael, & Gabriel were present before God to testify on behalf of humankind. They ask for divine intervention during the reign of the fallen Grigori (fallen watchers). These fallen ones took human wives & had half-“angel,” half-human offspring called the Nephilim.
Uriel was responsible for warning our boy Noah about the upcoming deluge. After judgment has been brought up on the Nephilim & the Fallen Ones, including the 2 main leaders, Samyaza & Azazel. Uriel then acts as a guide for Enoch for the rest of the Book of Watchers.
In the traditions & hagiography of the Episcopal & other Anglican churches, Uriel is mentioned as an archangel. He’s recognized as the patron saint of the sacrament of confirmation. In some Episcopal churches, Uriel is also regarded as the keeper of beauty & light, & regent of the sun & constellations.
In iconography, he’s shown holding in his right hand a Greek Ionic column, which symbolizes perfection in aesthetics & man-made beauty, and in his left hand is a staff topped with the sun. He is celebrated in the Anglican liturgical calendars of the Feast of the Archangels. The Church of St. Uriel the Archangel at Sea Girt, New Jersey, is a testimony to Anglicans’ devotion to Uriel.
In Hermetic Kabbalah, Uriel’s name is commonly spelled Auriel. He’s regarded as the archangel of the North, & of the element of Earth. According to the teaching of the modern Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn, Uriel is the archangel of North & East, & is associated with the vegetation of the Earth. In iconography, he’s depicted holding stems of ripened wheat & wearing robes of citrine (a medium deep shade of golden yellow), russet (dark brown with a reddish-orange tinge), olive (like green olives), & black.
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#1028 #11thCentury #15thCentury #16thCentury #2ndCenturyBC #745 #Abraham #Adam #Aker #Angelology #Anglican #AntonioLoDuca #ApocalypseOfPeter #Apocryphal #ArchangelGabriel #ArchangelUriel #Arphugitonos #Auriel #Azazel #Azrael #Banat #BasilicaOfStMaryOfTheAngelsOfTheMartyrs #Beburos #Bogomilism #BookOfEnoch #Bulgaria #Cherub #Christian #Christianity #ChurchOfStUrielTheArchangel #Confirmation #Constellations #CopticOrthodoxChurch #CouncilOfRome #Deluge #EasternOrthodoxChurch #Eden #Egypt #Enoch #Episcopal #Eritrea #EsdrasIV #EsedraPlaza #Ethiopia #EthiopianOrthodoxChurch #Ezra #FallenOnes #FeastDay #FeastOfTheArchangels #FolkCatholicism #Friar #Gabuthelon #GardenOfEden #Genesis #GerardOfCsanad #Gnostic #GreekIonicColumn #GregorianCalendar #Grigori #Hell #HermeticKabbalah #HermeticOrderOfTheGoldenDawn #HolyFamily #HomilyOnTheArchangelUriel #Jeremiel #Jesus #JohnTheBaptist #Judaism #JulianCalendar #July11 #Kabbalah #KingHerod #LeonardoDaVinci #LifeOfAdamEve #Lutherians #MadonnaOfTheRocks #MassacreOfTheInnocence #Michael #Michelanglo #Nephilim #NewJersey #Noah #November21 #November8 #Nuriel #Oriel #Phanuel #PopePiusIV #PopeZachary #Prophet #Puruel #RabbinicJudaism #Raphael #RevelationOfEsdras #RussianOrthodox #Samyaza #Saraqael #Sariel #SeaGirt #SecondBookOfEsdras #SecretBookOfJohn #Seraph #Sicily #StElizabeth #SynaxisOfTheArchangelMichaelTheOtherBodilessPowers #Tartarus #Termini #TheBookOfTheWatchers #Urial #Uriel #Uryan #VirginOfTheRocks #Vretil #Vulgate #Yaldabaoth -
The #Papeete Synagogue of #Tahiti. From the #PlacesOfWorship series in the #ReviewOfReligions, published by the #Ahmadiyya Muslim Community. #Religion #Judaism #Islam #AhmadiyyaMuslim https://www.reviewofreligions.org/47623/places-of-worship-papeete-synagogue/
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Spirituality & Religious Studies @spiritualityreligiousstudies.wordpress.com@spiritualityreligiousstudies.wordpress.com ·
Apotheosis
This is also called divinization or deification. It’s from the Latin deificato, meaning “making divine.” This is the glorification of a subject to divine levels & commonly, the treatment of a human being, any other living thing, or an abstract idea in the likeness of a deity.
The original sense of apotheosis relates to religion & is the subject of many works of art. Figuratively “apotheosis” may be used in almost any context for “the deification, glorification, or exaltation of a principle, practice, etc.” So normally attached to an abstraction of some sort.
In religion, apotheosis was a feature of many religions in the ancient world. Some that are active today. It requires a belief that there’s a possibility of newly created God’s, so a polytheistic belief system.
The Abrahamic religions of Christianity, Islam, & Judaism don’t allow this. Though many recognize minor sacred categories such as saints. They’re created by a process called canonization. In Christian theology, there’s a concept of the faithful becoming god-like, called divinization or in Eastern Christianity theosis.
In Hinduism, there’s some range for new deities. A human may be deified by becoming regarded as an avatar of an established deity, usually a major one, or by being regarded as a new, independent deity (usually a minor one), or a mix of the 2.
In art, an apotheosis scene usually shows the subject in the Heavens or rising towards them. They’re often partnered by a number of angels, putti, personifications of virtues, or similar figures.
Especially from Baroque art onwards apotheosis scenes may show rulers, generals, or artists purely as an honorific symbol. In many cases, the “religious” context is classical Greco-Roman pagan religion, like The Apotheosis of Voltaire, which features Apollo. The Apotheosis of Washington (1865) sits high in the dome of the United States of America Capitol Building is another example. Personification of places or abstractions are also shown receiving an apotheosis. The classic composition was suited for artistic placement on ceilings or inside domes.
Before the Hellenistic period, imperial cults were known in ancient Egypt (pharaohs) & Mesopotamia (from Naran-Sin through Hammurabi). In the New Kingdom of Egypt, all deceased pharaohs were deified as the god Osiris, having been identified as Horus while on the throne. They were sometimes referred to as the “son” of other various deities.
The architect Imhotep was defied after his passing away. Though the process seems to have been gradual. This took over 1,000 years, by which time he had become associated with medicine. About a dozen non-royal ancient Egyptians became regarded as deities.
Ancient Greek & Roman religions have many characters who were born as humans but became gods. Like Disney’s Hercules. They’re usually made divine by 1 of the main deities, the 12 Olympians. In the Roman story of Cupid & Psyche, Zeus gave the ambrosia of the gods to the mortal Psyche. This transformed her into a goddess herself.
In the case of the Hellenistic queen Berenice II of Egypt was deified like other rulers of the Ptolemaic dynasty. The court dispersed a myth that her hair, that was cut off to fulfill a vow, had its own apotheosis before becoming the Coma Berenices, a group of stars that still bear her name.
In the Greek world, the 1st leader who granted himself diving honors was Philip II of Macedon. At the wedding to his 6th wife, Philip’s enthroned image was carried in procession among the Olympian gods. Such Hellenistic state leaders might be raised to a status equal to the gods before death, like Alexander the Great, or afterwards, like members of the Ptolemaic dynasty.
A heroic cult status that’s similar to apotheosis was also an honor given to a few reversed artists of the distant past, such as Homer.
Up to the end of the Roman Republic, the god Quirinus was the only 1 the Romans accepted as having undergone apotheosis, for his identification/syncretism with Romulus. Syncretism is the practice of meshing together different beliefs & various schools of thought. Eventually apotheosis in Ancient Rome was a process whereby a deceased ruler was recognized as divine by their successors. This was usually done by a decree of the Senate & popular consent.
The 1st of these cases was the posthumous deification of the last Roman dictator Julius Caesar in 42 BC by his adopted son, the triumvir Caesar Octavian. In addition to showing respect, the present ruler often deified a popular predecessor to legitimize himself & gain popularity himself & gain popularity with the people.
A vote in the Roman Senate, in the later Empire confirming an imperial decree, was the normal official process. But this sometimes followed a period with the unofficial use of deific language or imagery for the individual. This was often done rather discreetly within the imperial circle.
There was then a public ceremony, called a consecratio, including the release of an eagle which flew high. This represents the ascent of the deified person’s soul to Heaven. Imagery featuring the ascent, sometimes using a chariot, was common on coins & in other art.
The largest & most famous example in art in a relief on the base of the Column of Antoninus Pius, showing the emperor & his wife, Faustina the Elder, being carried up by a much larger winged figure, described as representing “Eternity,” as the personifications of “Roma” & the Campus Martius sit below, & eagles fly above. The imperial couple are represented as Jupiter & Juno (or Zeus & Hera).
The historian Dio Cassius, who said he was present, gives a detailed description of the large, & lavish, public consecratio of Perinax, emperor for 3 months in 193, ordered by Septimius Severus.
At the height of the imperial cult during the Roman Empire, sometimes the emperor’s deceased loved ones (heirs, empresses, or lovers) like Hadrian’s Antinous were deified as well.
Deified people were posthumously given the title ‘Divus’ for men & ‘Diva’ for women to their names to signify their divinity. Traditional Roman religion distinguished between a deus (god) & divus (a mortal who became divine or deified), though not consistently. Temple & columns were erected to provide a space for worship.
The imperial cult was mainly popular in the provinces. Especially in the Eastern Empire, where many cultures were well used to deified rulers, & less popular in Rome itself, & among traditionalists & intellectuals.
Some privately, & cautiously, ridiculed the apotheosis of inept & feeble emperors, as in the satire The Pumkinification of (the Divine) Claudius. This is usually attributed to Seneca.
Numerous mortals have been deified into the Taoist pantheon. Examples are Guan Yi, Iron-crutch Li, & Fan Kuai. Song dynasty general Yue Fei was deified during the Ming dynasty. He’s considered by some practitioners to be 1 of the 3 highest-ranking heavenly generals. The Ming dynasty epic Investiture of the Gods deals heavily with deification legends.
In the complicated, & variable, conceptions of deity in Buddhism, the achievement of Buddhahood may be regarded as an achievable goal for the faithful. Many significant deities are considered to have begun as normal people, from Gautama Buddha (the original Buddha & the creator of Buddhism) downwards. Most of these are seen as avatars or re-births of earlier figures.
Some significant Hindu deities, in particular Rama, were also born as humans. He’s seen as an avatar of Vishnu. In more modern times, Swaminarayan is an undoubted & well-documented historical figure, who’s regarded by some Hindus as an avatar of Vishnu, or as being a still more elevated deity. Bharat Mata (Mother India) began as a national personification devised by a group of Bengali intellectuals in the late 19th century. But now it receives some worship.
Various Hindu & Buddhist rulers in the past have been represented as deities, especially after death, from India to Indonesia. Jayavarman VII, King of the Khmer Empire the 1st Buddhist king of Cambodia, had his own features used for the many statues of Buddha/Avalokitevara he erected.
The extreme personality cult instituted by the founder of North Korea, Kim Il-Sung, has been to represent a deification. And continues to this day with the current leader. Even the nation is admittedly atheist.
In Christian theology, instead of the word “apotheosis,” they use the words “deification” or “divinization” or the Greek word “theosis.” Pre-Reformation, & mainstream theology, in both East & West, views Jesus Christ as the preexisting God who undertook mortal existence. Not as a mortal being who attained divinity. A view known as adoptionism. Adoptionism is an early Christian non-Trinitarian doctrine that holds that Jesus was born a mere human being. But Jesus was later adopted by God as His son, usually at Jesus’ baptism or resurrection, rather than being divine from eternity.
It holds that he has made it possible for human beings to be raised to the level of sharing the divine nature as II Peter 1:4 states that he became human to make humans “partakers of the divine nature.”
In John 10:34, Jesus referenced Psalm 82:6 when he stated: “Is it not written in your Law, I have said you are gods?” Other authors stated: “For this is why the Word became man, & the Son of God became the Son of man: so that Man, by entering into communion with the Word & thus receiving divine sonship, might be made God.” Accusations of self deification to some degree may have been placed on heretical such as the Waldensians.
The language of II Peter is taken up by St. Irenaeus, in his famous phrase, “if the Word has been made man, it is so that men may be made gods.” It becomes the standard in Greek theology. In the 14th century, St. Athanasius repeats Irenaeus almost word for word. In the 5th century, St. Cyril of Alexandria says that we shall become sons “by participation” (Greek methexis). Methexis is “group sharing,” where the audience actively participates in the performance.
Deification is the central idea in the spirituality of St. Maximus the Confessor. For whom the doctrine is the result of the Incarnation: “Deification, briefly, is the encompassion & fulfillment of all times and ages.”
The Roman Catholic Church doesn’t use the term “apotheosis” in its theology. This is equivalent to the Greek word theosis are Latin-derived words “divinization” & deification” used in the Latin tradition of the Catholic Church.
The concept has been given less prominence in Western theology than in that of the Eastern Catholic Churches. But is present in the Latin Church’s liturgical prayer.
Despite the theological differences, in the Catholic church art depictions of the Assumption of the Virgin Mary in art & the Ascension of Jesus in Christian art do share many similarities in composition to apotheosis subjects. As there are many images of saints being raised into Heaven.
Anthropolatry is the deification & worship of humans. It was practiced in ancient Japan towards their emperors. Followers of Socinianism were later accused of practicing anthropolatry.
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#MattDillahunty DEMOLISHES #Christian on Nonsense #Religion #Logic
https://youtu.be/Ertgs4-iOSQ?si=49PlUo2B9J96Bq2w&t=31
In this video, we explore Matt’s compelling challenge to the idea that #morality requires #bloodsacrifice. He dives into the #ancient roots of #sacrificialsystems—showing that #rituals involving blood were common across many #BronzeAge cultures, long before #Judaism or #Christianity. But is that really what morality is built on? Modern research in #evolutionarybiology and #neuroscience suggests otherwise
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Shared from @lexaphus on FB:
Beautiful effort just launched -- Jews for Food Aid for People in Gaza. Please consider supporting/amplifying in whatever ways you can.
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Action steps!
1. Sign onto the statement yourself at www.foodaidforgaza.org -- goal is 18,000 signers.
2. Circulate the website to people you have relationships with -- friends, rabbis, executive directors, thought leaders, celebrities.
3. They are seeking organizational endorsers (including synagogues!!!) -- the sign on form is here: https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSeuvjRJgqNVsMSx9upAZXl3SncKdEaHe7dFfHmVqW-AnPuf3Q/viewform .
4. Circulate this campaign in your congregations/communities and engage your people in helping us reach our first phase goal of 18,000 signers -- check out the community amplification toolkit on the website!#JewsForFoodAidForPeopleInGaza #Gaza #Palestine #Judaism #Peace #ShalomSalaam #Mazeldon
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Just so you know - frozen store bought ready made plastic bagged krepalakh (Ashkenazi ravioli) are disgusting.
רק שתדעו, קרעפלך מוכנים קפואים בשקית פלסטיק מהחנות מבחילים.
#food
#jews
#judaism
#krepalakh
#kreplach
#pasta
#yiddish
#yiddishkeit
#yidishkeyt
#אוכל
#אשכנז
#אשכנזים
#יהדות
#יידישקייט
#ישראל
#קרעפלך
#קרעפלעך -
CW: re: Probably too personal
Me, getting in that Tisha B'Av spirit 4 days early.
#Mazeldon #Jewdiverse #Jewniverse #Religion #Judaism #TishaBAv #Mourning #Jewish #Jews #YomTov
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CW: Counting the Omer - Day 2
Counted the Omer today.
Today is having disciplined Chesed. Loving and caring on the terms of the beloved rather than on our own, on managing amount and degree, on the needs rather than the wants. That our chesed be governed rather than an out-of-control fire that consumes all in its path.
#Omer #CountingTheOmer #CountTheOmer #Chesed #Mazeldon #Jewdiverse #Jewniverse #Jews #Judaism
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"Six months of liberal Zionist doublethink"
by Ben Reiff, an editor at #972Mag and #Vashti: https://vashtimedia.com/2024/04/12/formats/the-pickle/six-months-liberal-zionist-doublethink/ @supremacy
#liberals #highGround #righteous #righteousness #moralBeauty #moralGround #Jewishness #judeity #Jews #Judaism #israelism #patriotism #JewishSupremacy #whiteness #coloniality #Zionism #StandWithIsrael #JStreet #Yachad #vertue #justness #morals #morality #SpotAndDiscard #humanRights #humanitarian
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בָּרוּךְ אַתָּה יי אֱלֹהֵינוּ רוּחַ הָעוֹלָם שֶׁבָּרְאָה עוֹד בְּרִיּוֹת כָּמוֹנִי
I’m low key surprised I’ve never shared this here but last year I made this personal doodle of my sona. I was still exploring my spirituality at the time and so I made it pretty ambiguous as to whether I was meditating or praying. I think both are perfectly valid interpretations.
It wasn’t until much later that added the open mouth and Hebrew text, which is a bracha (blessing) for seeing/meeting someone like you. Perhaps a fellow snow leopard taur.
Blessed are You, Adonai our God, Spirit of the Universe, who has created other people like me.
Finding any references for a taur in this exact pose was difficult (I should just stitch together feral and hoomin refs next time) but I think it turned out alright. Maybe one day I’ll clean it up and make something nice out of it.
#snowleopard #snep #taur #judaism #mazeldon #furryart #AmayaArts
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Strongly recommend these classes from the #Unyeshiva (the school from the folks behind the #JudaismUnbound podcast).
Also --- I'm trying to decide what class I'm taking! So hard to decide.
Also one of the teachers is part of the #Fediverse @lexaphus
https://www.judaismunbound.com/classes
#Mazeldon #JewishLearning #Jewish #Judaism #Mishnah #JewishConversion #BiReligious #LGBTQ
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timesofisrael.com/haredi-parties-pledge-loyalty-to-netanyahu-refuse-to-join-any-other-coalition/
Haredi parties pledge loyalty to #Netanyahu, #UTJ, #Shas and Likud reconstitute right-wing bloc that prevented a #Gantz-led government: #ultraOrthodox Shas and United Torah #Judaism parties signed on to Netanyahu’s loyalty pledge on Tuesday, agreeing that they will not independently join a government led by any party other than #Likud
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Haredi parties pledge loyalty to #Netanyahu, #UTJ, #Shas and Likud reconstitute right-wing bloc that prevented a #Gantz-led government: #ultraOrthodox Shas and United Torah #Judaism parties signed on to Netanyahu’s loyalty pledge on Tuesday, agreeing that they will not independently join a government led by any party other than #Likud
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What other #books on #Judaism have I been enjoying this year?:
- Torah Queeries (weekly commentaries on the parsha)
- Tree of Souls: The mythology of Judaism
- The Demons in the Details: Demonic discourse and rabbinic culture in late antique Babylonia
- Modern Conservative Judaism
- The Jewish Book of Horror
- On Repentance and Repair (@TheRaDR)
- The Tribe, by Bari Wood
- A Rainbow Thread -
What's something meaningful that your rabbi taught you?
@judaism
@mazeldon
#Jewdiverse #Mazeldon #Jewniverse
#Jewish #Judaism #Jews
#Torah #OrthodoxJudaism #ConservativeJudaism #ReformJudaism #Masorti #coffeehousetorahtalk #havurah #beitmidrash -
An intermarried couple joins a synagogue. What are the boundaries for participating in Jewish prayer services? The answer varies significantly among Jewish denominations
https://merrimackvalleyhavurah.wordpress.com/2017/08/18/the-role-of-non-jews-in-the-synagogue/
@judaism
@mazeldon
#Jewdiverse #Mazeldon #Jewniverse
#Jewish #Judaism #Jews#Torah #OrthodoxJudaism #ConservativeJudaism #ReformJudaism #havurah #beitmidrash #intermarriage #synagogues #interfaith
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When Europeans went to America they didn’t find ancient manuscripts of Shakespeare: because they were colonisers
Jews in Israel find ancient manuscripts written in Hebrew, the same language they speak today, describing the same rituals they observe: because they’re indigenous.
- Lee Kern#Jewish #Judaism #Torah #OrthodoxJudaism #ConservativeJudaism #ReformJudaism #havurah #beitmidrash #indigenous #Israel #Zion #Zionism #AshkenaziJews #Ashkenazi #Sephardic #SephardicJews #Mizrachi #MizrachiJew