- IA en previsión financiera: domina riesgos y tendencias ya 💡🔍
- #InversionesConIA #FinanzasPredictivas #IAenMercados - #IA Aplicada Uso Real - #EvergreenContent #Innovación #TechNews
- 🚀📊 La IA está revolucionando la previsión financiera: analiza datos masivos, detecta patrones y predice movimi...
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24 results for “tendenci”
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🎙️ ■ Los disfraces de famosos que marcarán tendencia este Halloween 2026 ■
https://los40.com/2026/10/26/los-disfraces-de-famosos-que-marcaran-tendencia-este-halloween-2026/?int=MASTODON_WORLD -
🎙️ ■ 5 ideas de maquillaje para Halloween 2026 fáciles y rápidas que son tendencia en redes ■
https://los40.com/2026/10/26/5-ideas-de-maquillaje-para-halloween-2026-faciles-y-rapidas-que-estan-en-tendencia-en-redes/?int=MASTODON_WORLD -
El problema del pantalón ancho de Rufián: ¿se ha ido al extremo de la tendencia?
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Ya no se puede esperar que un candidato de derecha reconozca su derrota y llame a la unidad. Es la nueva tendencia, esa que requiere mantener a los ciudadanos absolutamente polarizados todo el día, todos los días.
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☕ #Noticia de #Ciencia #Tecnología #Negocios #CulturaDigital #InterésGeneral
🔵 escribir todo en minúsculas no es un error. es un acto de rebeldía de la generación z
🔗 https://es.wired.com/articulos/escribir-todo-en-minusculas-no-es-un-error-es-un-acto-de-rebeldia-de-la-generacion-zLa elección de escribir en minúsculas es un tema tan discutido que incluso llegó a cansar a la Generación Z. Y, sin embargo, está en tendencia.
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Os preços de encomendas de SSDs subiram fortemente nos últimos 12 meses. Modelos TLC de 256 GB passaram de US$ 33,30 para US$ 134,20, alta de 303%. Os de 512 GB também registraram aumento similar, saindo de US$ 62,40 para US$ 252.
A demanda por chips NAND impulsionada pela IA generativa é o principal fator, e a tendência deve continuar com projeções de crescimento de mais de 80% na procura até o fim de 2026.
O que você achou? Conte nos comentários.... #SSD
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The Brain Is Not Designed for Thinking
“As the cognitive scientist Daniel Willingham has written: ‘Contrary to popular belief, the brain is not designed for thinking. It’s designed to save you from having to think.’ Because the brain is naturally inclined to avoid effortful thinking and to rely instead on familiar patterns, complete freedom tends to lead to unoriginal ideas, simply repeating what is known. Constraints push the brain beyond its default tendencies, forcing it to engage in deeper problem-solving. Total freedom, then, is the enemy of creativity, and constraint its companion.” — David Epstein, Inside the Box
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Photo by Mago Brown on Unsplash #365Ways #brainScience #creativity #inspiration #Thoughts #writing -
🟢 #Noticia de #MedioAmbiente #CambioClimatico #PlanetaTierra
🌍 El calentamiento global pudo interrumpir el inicio de otra glaciación
🔗 https://noticiasdelatierra.com/calentamiento-global-interrupcion-nueva-glaciacion/Un estudio de la Universidad de Columbia revela que el último vestigio de la antigua capa de hielo Laurentide comenzó a expandirse hace unos 2.000 años, pero el calentamiento del siglo XX invirtió esa tendencia. Los científicos plantean que la Tierra ya había iniciado una
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México y Colombia firman pacto internacional de seguridad privada
Empresas y organizaciones de México y Colombia firman el Pacto Internacional por la Defensa Operativa y Social (PADOS) para impulsar capacitación, prevención del delito, inteligencia operativa e intercambio de información y tecnología aplicada a la seguridad privada.
Por Deyanira Vázquez | Reportera
Empresas y organizaciones de México y Colombia firmaron el Pacto Internacional por la Defensa Operativa y Social (PADOS) para fortalecer la capacitación, la prevención del delito y el intercambio de información y tecnología en el sector de la seguridad privada.
El acuerdo busca desarrollar programas conjuntos de formación y certificación en gestión de riesgos, inteligencia operativa y prevención del delito, además de impulsar herramientas tecnológicas para la protección de personas, mercancías, empresas y comunidades.
La iniciativa también contempla la colaboración entre universidades, especialistas y empresas de ambos países, con el propósito de mejorar la identificación de amenazas, anticipar riesgos y establecer protocolos de respuesta sustentados en información y métricas verificables.
Capacitación e inteligencia operativa
Santiago Aguilera Gómez, director general de SAMAHE Consultoría en Prevención de Riesgos, explicó que el pacto pretende transferir conocimientos técnicos y metodologías de prevención estratégica para fortalecer la capacidad de respuesta de las comunidades frente a delitos de alto impacto.
“El objetivo de este acuerdo es transferir conocimientos técnicos de alto nivel y metodologías de prevención estratégica a la ciudadanía”, señaló el directivo al explicar los alcances de la alianza entre el sector privado y la sociedad.
La estrategia contempla capacitación permanente, intercambio de información sobre tendencias delictivas y novedades del sector, así como el desarrollo de soluciones para protección privada, escoltas, rastreo de mercancías en tránsito, ciberseguridad y consultoría especializada.
Entre las organizaciones participantes se encuentran SAMAHE Consultoría en Prevención de Riesgos, de México; Time Web, Seguicol, Asociación Empresarial Industriales MX y la Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México (UAEMéx), junto con Sercopp Consulting & Services, de Colombia.
Tecnología y prevención de riesgos
El PADOS plantea una colaboración para identificar vulnerabilidades en comunidades y sectores productivos antes de que deriven en incidentes. Para ello, propone aprovechar información estratégica, herramientas tecnológicas y metodologías de evaluación de riesgos.
La iniciativa prevé establecer indicadores para medir las horas de capacitación, la cobertura de los programas preventivos y los resultados de las acciones implementadas. El propósito es que las decisiones se apoyen en datos y permitan evaluar el desempeño de los protocolos y las inversiones.
Otro componente consiste en desarrollar mecanismos de coordinación entre universidades, empresas y especialistas en seguridad, con el fin de compartir conocimientos y fortalecer las capacidades profesionales en ambos países.
La alianza también busca incorporar tecnología e inteligencia artificial a las tareas de prevención y análisis de riesgos, mediante la experiencia de sus integrantes. La aplicación de estas herramientas requerirá criterios de uso responsable y evaluación de sus resultados. –sn–
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Lula deberá enfrenta el reto de garantizar los derechos humanos: HRW
Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva obtiene la reelección en Brasil con 51.7% de los votos. Human Rights Watch pide frenar los abusos policiales, fortalecer la seguridad pública y proteger los derechos humanos durante su nuevo mandato.
Por José Víctor Rodríguez | Reportero
Ante la reelección de Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva este domingo –51.77% de los votos válidos, frente a 48.23% del senador Flávio Bolsonaro, en la segunda vuelta electoral del 25 de octubre– su nuevo mandato estará marcado por los desafíos de seguridad pública, violencia policial y protección de los derechos humanos.
La organización Human Rights Watch (HRW) pidió al mandatario aprovechar su victoria para atender los problemas estructurales que persisten en el país, particularmente los abusos policiales, la impunidad y las políticas de seguridad que permiten el uso excesivo de la fuerza letal.
El organismo reconoció avances durante la administración de Lula en la defensa de las instituciones democráticas y la protección de los bosques y las comunidades que dependen de ellos. Sin embargo, consideró que los resultados en otros ámbitos de derechos humanos han sido desiguales.
Violencia policial, principal desafío
Uno de los problemas más graves es el número de personas asesinadas por agentes policiales. Según las cifras citadas por HRW, las muertes a manos de la policía alcanzaron un máximo histórico de 6 mil 589 víctimas en 2025 y mantuvieron una tendencia ascendente durante los primeros nueve meses de 2026.
La organización advirtió que estos abusos afectan de manera desproporcionada a la población negra brasileña y contribuyen a perpetuar un entorno de violencia e impunidad.
Las prácticas policiales abusivas también perjudican la seguridad pública, debido a que debilitan la confianza ciudadana y reducen la disposición de las comunidades a colaborar con las autoridades. Este escenario pone en riesgo tanto a civiles como a integrantes de las corporaciones policiales.
HRW señaló que la falta de investigaciones independientes y eficaces puede favorecer la impunidad por el uso excesivo de la fuerza, además de generar condiciones propicias para la corrupción y los vínculos entre agentes policiales y organizaciones criminales.
El gobierno federal ante la inseguridad
Aunque la seguridad pública es responsabilidad principalmente de los estados brasileños, el gobierno federal puede coordinar políticas nacionales para combatir a las organizaciones criminales, reducir la violencia y garantizar el respeto a los derechos humanos.
Entre las medidas planteadas por HRW se encuentra retirar los servicios forenses de las estructuras policiales, con el propósito de asegurar investigaciones independientes cuando existan denuncias de abuso policial u otros delitos.
La organización consideró que fortalecer la autonomía de los servicios periciales contribuiría a mejorar la calidad de las investigaciones y a establecer responsabilidades con mayor independencia.
Cuestionamientos a la justicia para menores
Otro punto de preocupación es la postura expresada por Lula sobre la posibilidad de juzgar como adultos a menores de 16 y 17 años acusados de determinados delitos graves.
Durante una entrevista el 15 de octubre, el mandatario defendió esa posibilidad para ciertos delitos. HRW sostuvo que la medida contravendría los estándares internacionales que establecen sistemas de justicia diferenciados para menores de edad.
El organismo argumentó que las personas menores de edad que cometen delitos deben asumir responsabilidades mediante procedimientos individualizados que favorezcan su rehabilitación, en lugar de incorporarlas al sistema penal para adultos.
Según HRW, endurecer las sanciones de esta manera podría debilitar los esfuerzos para reducir la delincuencia, en vez de atender sus causas y prevenir la reincidencia. –sn–
Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva | EFE/ Andre Borges¡Conéctate con Sociedad Noticias! Suscríbete a nuestro canal de YouTube y activa las notificaciones, o bien, síguenos en las redes sociales: Facebook, Twitter e Instagram.
También, te invitamos a que te sumes a nuestro canal de información en tiempo real a través de Telegram.
#NoticiasMX #PeriodismoParaTi #PeriodismoParaTiSociedadNoticias #abusosPoliciales #Brasil #Cdmx #DerechosHumanos #eleccionesBrasil2026 #FlávioBolsonaro #GobiernoFederal #HumanRightsWatch #Información #InformaciónMéxico #justiciaParaMenores #LuizInácioLulaDaSilva #México #Morena #noticia #noticias #NoticiasMéxico #NoticiasSociedad #seguridadPública #SN #Sociedad #SociedadNoticias #SociedadNoticiasCom #sociedadNoticias #SociedadNoticiasCom #violenciaPolicial -
Genevieve Kuna ressalta suas curvas com naturalidade
Genevieve Kuna conquistou seu espaço nas redes sociais ao unir beleza, elegância e uma sensualidade marcante, sempre com muito bom gosto. Com mais de 5 mil seguidores no Instagram, a modelo compartilha registros que revelam seu talento diante das câmeras e sua habilidade para transformar cada produção em um verdadeiro editorial de moda.
Nas publicações, Genevieve aparece usando peças de alta-costura, explorando cortes sofisticados, tecidos refinados e combinações que valorizam sua presença. Seu estilo transmite confiança e personalidade, sem abrir mão da delicadeza. Em cada foto, a modelo demonstra que a sensualidade pode ser expressa de maneira sutil, autêntica e distante da vulgaridade.
Além da moda elegante, Genevieve também se destaca ao modelar looks de moda praia. Os biquínis e maiôs escolhidos ressaltam suas curvas com naturalidade, criando imagens que equilibram charme, atitude e sofisticação. Mais do que exibir sua beleza, ela constrói uma identidade visual envolvente, capaz de prender a atenção de quem acompanha seu perfil.
Seu Instagram funciona como uma vitrine de tendências e, ao mesmo tempo, como um espaço para celebrar autoestima e estilo próprio. Genevieve Kuna mostra que confiança é um dos principais elementos de qualquer produção, seja em um vestido elaborado ou em um visual praiano.
Com carisma e presença, a modelo continua atraindo olhares e ampliando sua audiência. Seu conteúdo combina glamour, feminilidade e autenticidade, fazendo de cada publicação uma demonstração de que elegância e sensualidade podem caminhar lado a lado, de forma harmoniosa e inspiradora.
#BelezaNegra #BlackModel #EbonyBeauty #Fashion #galeria #Influencer #Model #Photography -
CapCut lanza hackathon gratuito de inteligencia artificial
CapCut realizará un hackathon gratuito el 28 de octubre en México Tech Week 2026. Habrá cuatro horas para crear videos, campañas visuales y propuestas de marca con herramientas de inteligencia artificial. El cupo será de 30 participantes.
Por Gabriela Díaz | Reportera
Creadores de contenido, diseñadores y emprendedores podrán desarrollar proyectos con inteligencia artificial durante el CapCut Design Studio: Speed-to-Scale Hackathon, que se realizará el 28 de octubre como parte de México Tech Week 2026, en la ciudad de México. La participación será gratuita, con registro previo y un cupo limitado a 30 personas.
La actividad propone convertir ideas en videos, campañas visuales, contenidos para redes sociales, propuestas de marca o plantillas mediante CapCut PC y CapCut Design Studio. Los participantes dispondrán de cuatro horas efectivas de trabajo y deberán integrar al menos dos herramientas de inteligencia artificial de CapCut en sus proyectos.
La convocatoria está dirigida tanto a personas con experiencia en producción audiovisual y diseño como a quienes buscan experimentar con nuevas tecnologías creativas. No será necesario llegar con un proyecto terminado ni con un equipo previamente formado, pues los grupos y las ideas se organizarán durante el encuentro.
¿Cómo funcionará el hackathon de CapCut?
La jornada comenzará con una demostración de producto para presentar las funciones de las herramientas de CapCut. Después, los asistentes formarán equipos y trabajarán en sus propuestas durante un sprint creativo de cuatro horas.
Los proyectos podrán enfocarse en distintas áreas, entre ellas:
- Producción audiovisual: videos y piezas de contenido digital.
- Marketing y redes sociales: campañas visuales y materiales para plataformas digitales.
- Diseño y branding: propuestas de identidad de marca, recursos gráficos y plantillas.
- Comunicación de proyectos: presentaciones audiovisuales para emprendimientos e ideas de negocio.
Al finalizar, un jurado evaluará las propuestas que participen en una presentación en vivo o showcase. La dinámica contempla retroalimentación, premios y oportunidades de establecer contactos profesionales con integrantes de la comunidad tecnológica y creativa.
CapCut Design Studio llegará a México Tech Week 2026
El hackathon formará parte de la participación de CapCut en México Tech Week 2026, encuentro que reunirá actividades relacionadas con tecnología, emprendimiento e innovación del 26 de octubre al 1 de noviembre.
La empresa también presentará CapCut Design Studio, una herramienta impulsada por inteligencia artificial que busca facilitar los procesos de creación de contenido visual. Además, contempla un panel sobre tendencias de contenido y estrategias para desarrollar una idea desde su concepto hasta una pieza audiovisual terminada.
Los horarios del panel y los detalles de las demás actividades deberán consultarse en la programación oficial del encuentro.
Requisitos, sede y registro
El hackathon está dirigido a creadores, diseñadores, emprendedores y personas interesadas en aprender a utilizar herramientas de inteligencia artificial para desarrollar contenidos.
La participación será gratuita, pero requerirá registro previo y aprobación de la solicitud. El cupo anunciado es de 30 lugares, por lo que la organización seleccionará a los asistentes para integrar un grupo con intereses y habilidades complementarios.
La actividad está programada para el miércoles 28 de octubre, de 13:00 a 19:00 horas, en C. Lucerna 34, en la ciudad de México. Es indispensable llevar una computadora portátil propia para trabajar durante el encuentro.
4. MENSAJE PARA X
5. MENSAJE PARA FACEBOOK / INSTAGRAM / WHATSAPP / THREADS
6. COPETE SEO (40 PALABRAS)
7. ETIQUETAS SEO
CapCut, México Tech Week 2026, CapCut Design Studio, hackathon de inteligencia artificial, inteligencia artificial en México, creación de contenido, herramientas de IA, diseño digital, marketing digital, creadores de contenido, emprendimiento tecnológico, SOCIEDAD NOTICIAS
–sn–
Sociedad Noticias¡Conéctate con Sociedad Noticias! Suscríbete a nuestro canal de YouTube y activa las notificaciones, o bien, síguenos en las redes sociales: Facebook, Twitter e Instagram.
También, te invitamos a que te sumes a nuestro canal de información en tiempo real a través de Telegram.
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DATE: October 24, 2026 at 08:00AM
SOURCE: PSYPOST.ORG** Research quality varies widely from fantastic to small exploratory studies. Please check research methods when conclusions are very important to you. **
-------------------------------------------------TITLE: Psychopathy scores run a bit higher among Americans still living in their home state, study finds
Adults who still live in the U.S. state where they grew up tend to score slightly higher on psychopathy than those who have moved away, according to new research published in Personality and Individual Differences. Among those who did relocate, people with higher scores on dark personality traits tended to choose somewhat more densely populated states, and those higher in psychopathy chose states with slightly higher homicide rates and inequality. The study suggests that regional differences in personality reflect not just how environments shape people, but also who chooses or has the opportunity to leave home.
Psychologists often study socially aversive personality characteristics through the framework of the Dark Triad. This grouping consists of three distinct but overlapping traits: narcissism, which involves grandiosity and a sense of entitlement; Machiavellianism, characterized by strategic manipulation and deceit; and psychopathy, marked by emotional callousness, low empathy, and impulsivity. People who score high on these traits often struggle to maintain healthy, cooperative relationships, yet their behaviors can sometimes serve short-term personal goals depending on their surroundings.
Understanding how these traits interact with physical and social environments is a growing focus in geographical psychology. For instance, a 2025 study covered by PsyPost found that macro-level conditions during childhood, such as unbalanced ratios of men to women or the prevalence of infectious diseases, predicted adult levels of Dark Triad traits across 48 countries. Beyond being shaped by their childhood surroundings, people also actively choose environments that suit their dispositions. Earlier work in this area, such as a 2018 study of geographical preferences, indicated that individuals high in Dark Triad traits, especially psychopathy, tend to prefer living in dense, crowded cities over rural or suburban areas.
One proposed explanation is that crowded cities and frequent moves supply a steady stream of strangers, which could let manipulative or impulsive people escape the consequences of a bad reputation. In line with this idea, a 2023 study of Chinese and European participants found that people who had moved house more often tended to score higher on psychopathy, and that those who preferred a mobile lifestyle or lived in regions where many residents move away tended to score higher on Dark Triad traits more broadly. However, tracking recent local moves or general attitudes toward mobility is different from examining who actually completes a move to another state.
The new research, led by Dritjon Gruda of the Universidade Católica Portuguesa and Maynooth University, alongside colleague Peter K. Jonason of Vizja University, asked the mirror-image question: what are the personality traits of the people who stay in their childhood state? The authors proposed two reasons why people who remain in their home state might actually score higher on dark traits than those who leave. First, moving to a new state usually requires financial resources, education, job offers, and a willingness to trust strangers and build new social networks. Because antagonistic traits tend to erode social bonds and professional reputations, people with these traits might receive fewer out-of-state opportunities, leaving higher scorers behind in their home states.
Second, the authors noted that certain exploitative behaviors might actually work well within stable, familiar local networks where a person knows the social landscape intimately. Both possibilities suggest that staying in one’s home state over a lifetime, rather than leaving it, could be associated with darker personality traits. To test whether stayers and movers differ in this way, the researchers needed to separate the characteristics of the individuals from the broader cultural or economic characteristics of the states themselves.
The researchers conducted a secondary analysis of survey data originally collected online in December 2022 across 38 U.S. states. After removing responses with implausible completion times, invalid childhood states, coordinates outside the country, or a cluster of suspicious responses submitted within a two-hour window, the final sample included 3,958 American adults. The participants had an average age of about 41, were 55 percent female, and were 80.8 percent White.
Participants reported the state in which they currently lived and the state in which they grew up. The researchers classified the 2,703 respondents still living in their childhood state as “stayers” and the 1,255 living in a different state as “movers.” For those who had moved, the researchers calculated the physical distance between the geographic center of their childhood state and their current location coordinates.
All participants completed the Short Dark Triad questionnaire, a 27-item assessment that measures Machiavellianism, narcissism, and psychopathy using a five-point agreement scale. To account for broader socioeconomic factors, the researchers pulled state-level data on median household income and the percentage of residents holding a bachelor’s degree from the 2021 American Community Survey. They also gathered state-level metrics on population density, average temperature, homicide rates, income inequality, life expectancy, and cultural tightness, which refers to how strictly a state’s residents enforce social norms.
The researchers then ran a series of statistical models to compare stayers and movers. In the initial, unadjusted comparisons, stayers scored higher than movers across the board, with small raw differences of 0.04 scale points on narcissism, 0.09 points on Machiavellianism, and 0.09 points on psychopathy (on the 1-to-5 scale, where the overall sample averages were 2.42 for narcissism, 2.89 for Machiavellianism, and 1.95 for psychopathy). The narcissism gap was not statistically reliable even before controls. Consistent with prior literature, men scored higher than women on all three traits, particularly psychopathy, though a person’s sex did not change the relationship between staying in one’s home state and their personality scores.
Because raw differences between states could simply reflect regional age gaps or local economic conditions, the researchers applied progressively stricter statistical controls. They accounted for age, sex, race, state household income, the specific state a person grew up in, their birth year, and the state they currently lived in. In the strictest models, a stayer was compared directly against movers who grew up in the exact same state during the same 10-year birth decade, while also holding the destination state constant.
After applying all of these controls, the differences in narcissism and Machiavellianism shrank and were not statistically significant. The psychopathy gap also shrank, to 0.04 points, once age, sex, race, and state income were added, and in those two models it was not statistically significant. It was larger and statistically reliable in the models that compared people from the same home state and age group, and in the strictest model, which also accounted for current state, stayers scored 0.06 points higher on psychopathy than movers, about 8 percent of a standard deviation.
To illustrate the size of this difference in practical terms, the researchers looked at the top and bottom quarters of psychopathy scorers in a sample where 68 percent of participants overall were stayers. Among participants in the highest quarter for psychopathy, 73.1 percent were stayers who still lived in their childhood state, compared to 64.6 percent of participants in the lowest quarter. In addition, the stayer-mover gap was similar whether movers had gone a short or long distance.
Because the survey lacked data on individual income or education, the researchers ran an indirect test to see if socioeconomic barriers were driving the results. They checked whether the psychopathy gap between stayers and movers was larger in origin states with lower college graduation rates, where leaving might depend more heavily on having a degree. The gap in psychopathy was virtually identical in high-education and low-education states, offering no sign that state-level educational barriers explained the finding; for Machiavellianism, the stayer gap was actually smaller in low-education states, the opposite of what such barriers would predict.
The researchers next examined the 1,255 movers to see what kinds of states attracted people with different personality traits. Overall, movers in the sample tended to leave denser, more expensive, cooler states like California, New York, and Illinois for less dense, cheaper, warmer states like Florida, Nevada, Arizona, and Colorado. However, when comparing movers from the same home state and adjusting for age, sex, and race, individuals with higher scores on any of the three Dark Triad traits relocated to relatively more densely populated states than fellow movers with lower scores.
Specific traits also predicted other features of the destination state. Movers with higher narcissism scores tended to relocate to warmer states, while those higher in psychopathy tended to move to states with higher homicide rates and greater economic inequality. These links, like the one for density, were small, about 0.07 to 0.08 standard deviations for each one-standard-deviation rise in a trait, and destination income, education levels, life expectancy, and cultural tightness were unrelated to any trait. Because personality was measured after people moved, the authors caution that these patterns describe where people ended up rather than why, and cannot rule out that living in a place shaped their scores.
The findings are broadly consistent with research covered by PsyPost in 2025, which found that harsh societal conditions like inequality and violence were linked to darker personality traits across countries and U.S. states. However, that earlier study assessed a general “Dark Factor of Personality” in relation to the conditions people grew up in, whereas the new study tracked the Dark Triad traits, principally psychopathy, in relation to where adults moved.
The authors noted that it makes theoretical sense for psychopathy, rather than narcissism or Machiavellianism, to distinguish stayers from movers. Of the three traits, psychopathy is the most impulsive and the least focused on maintaining a strategic, positive public image. Because interstate moves are typically pulled by opportunities like job transfers, career advancements, or relationship milestones that rely on trust and good reputations, highly psychopathic individuals may simply generate fewer of those opportunities. The authors acknowledge, however, that the evidence for psychopathy being uniquely involved is suggestive rather than established: when the three traits were compared directly, the psychopathy gap was not reliably larger than the gaps for Machiavellianism or narcissism.
The authors argue that differences in what the two studies measured may explain why the new findings appear to run counter to the 2023 study described earlier, which linked mobility to higher Dark Triad scores. In their view, moving house often or holding a restless mindset is a different thing from relocating to another U.S. state. Frequent local moves may reflect a person exhausting their relationships and being pushed out, whereas crossing state lines more often reflects being pulled by job or family opportunities.
Kristopher Brazil, an assistant professor in the Department of Psychology at Carleton University who was not involved in the research, argued that the distinction between local instability and out-of-state relocation helps connect the new findings with earlier psychopathy research. “The study appears to challenge existing work on psychopathy, but, really, it likely extends it,” Brazil told PsyPost. “By virtue of the challenges created in relationships through selfishness, recklessness, and callousness, people who score very high on psychopathy are unlikely to stay in one place or for a group of people for long; so they are in actuality more likely to be ‘movers’ rather than ‘stayers’ in the broadest sense. However, the current study extends this knowledge by showing that those higher in psychopathy seem less likely to move out of the general region or state where they grew up.”
“Moving a lot vs. moving states may have some shared features, but may also have important differences,” Brazil said. “For instance, people move states for prosocial reasons like helping family, committing to seeking a better life, or because of a big job offer. Each of these more ‘prosocial’ or ‘thoughtful’ reasons for moving should be less likely to be motivating or possible for someone high in psychopathy. Thus, those higher in psychopathy may indeed be more likely to stay in-state but tend toward moving around like hell while there.”
As with all research, there are some caveats to consider when interpreting these results. The study relied on a cross-sectional snapshot of online respondents rather than a nationally representative sample tracked over time, so it cannot establish cause and effect. And because the survey asked only for a participant’s childhood state and current state, someone who left for 20 years and recently returned home was counted as a stayer.
Brazil, who called the study “important new data” while being critical of certain areas, also emphasized that the gap between stayers and movers is very subtle. “The difference in average SD3-psychopathy scores between stayers and movers is extremely small,” he said, referring to the Short Dark Triad questionnaire, and noted that both groups averaged close to 2 on the 1-to-5 scale, roughly the “disagree” point, when rating statements about psychopathic tendencies.
“In statistics, we talk about statistical significance and we talk about effect sizes,” Brazil said. “The study shows a statistically significant effect, but the effect size may be so small that its true impact may be negligible—not guaranteed to be negligible, just possible that it might be so. Because the difference is so small, it is also very important not to think of stayers as ‘psychopaths’ and movers as ‘non-psychopaths’, which sound-bite headlines may be prone to doing.”
Martin Obschonka, a professor and head of the Entrepreneurship and Innovation section at the Amsterdam Business School at the University of Amsterdam, who was not involved in the study, likewise described the effects as “interesting but extremely small,” particularly once control variables are taken into account.
“One can doubt this is really about residential mobility as such,” Obschonka told PsyPost. “It seems this is essentially interstate migration rather than residential stability. U.S. states (e.g., compared to regions within European countries) are large. A person could move within a U.S. state many times (e.g., between L.A. and San Francisco) and would still be considered a stayer.”
Nor did the survey collect individual income, personal education levels, or the specific reasons why participants stayed or left. “The finding is sensitive to model specification, and important confounders such as individual education and income are missing,” Obschonka said. “They would be very important for such mobility studies, particularly in the U.S. context.”
Without knowing whether a person stayed home by choice or because they could not afford to leave, researchers cannot separate two competing explanations: whether people with lower psychopathy are selected to leave because they have better opportunities, or whether staying in a familiar local network over time encourages psychopathic tendencies. Future studies that track full residential histories, personal finances, and motives for moving over time will be needed to determine whether these personality differences exist before people pack their bags or develop after they settle down.
“The causal mechanisms are not tested. The study remains speculative,” Obschonka said. “For future research it would be important to include more control variables, to study stayers vs. movers also within U.S. states, and to identify causal mechanisms as well as boundary conditions.”
“Such new research could also examine when exactly people move and how their Dark Triad traits change before and after this migration,” he added. “Personality traits are not perfectly stable and they can change and evolve, often as a result of changes in roles and due to major life transition (which could be linked to migration).”
The study, “There’s no place like home: Stayers are more psychopathic than movers,” was authored by Dritjon Gruda and Peter K. Jonason.
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#psychology #counseling #socialwork #psychotherapy @psychotherapist @psychotherapists @psychology @socialpsych @socialwork @psychiatry #mentalhealth #psychiatry #healthcare #depression #psychotherapist #Psychology #Psychopathy #PersonalityResearch #DarkTriad #PsychologicalResearch #SocialScience #BehavioralScience #Migration #AmericanResearch #PersonalityTraits
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Todo lo que pasó inadvertido en los looks de la Reina Letizia, Leonor y Sofía en los Princesa de Asturias, del top de H&M al vestido reciclado y los vaqueros
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The tendency of big business is to get bigger. Through mergers and monopolies it is constantly increasing the number of persons with whom it is in direct contact. All this has intensified and multiplied the public relationships of business. --Edward Bernays, Propaganda (1928) #propaganda #disinformation #misinformation #fakenews #uniparty #EconomicHappinessMachine
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So, a thought.
Media has a tendency to communicate about 'personal data' being used.
Has anyone actually tried using 'personal information'? Because that's legit.
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#WritersCoffeeClub October 22:
Share a work you found really challenging to read.
I have a tendency to memorize most of what I read. When I was a teenager going through 1-3 books a day, I realized the threshold was about a hundred books, give or take, before I could go back to it. Otherwise I was remembering what would happen before I turned the page.
This is one reason I can't read Sentenced to Prism by Alan Dean Foster. I read that book so much that I took a twenty year break and still was remembering what would happen on the next page.
This is also why I almost speak in quotes and movies and scene. Because I remember them, they are the framework of my thought processes. It is why Linsan in Allegro uses plays and songs to guide her life, and she is lost when she cannot.
Which means Return of the King by J. R. R. Tolkien is remarkable. I cannot remember the book. At all. I can read it, close the back cover, and honestly say I can't remember a single thing about the book that I was reading seconds ago. It was a pain to read, I could not visualize anything, I could not establish an emotional connection to any character. I spent the time reading but it refuse to get out of my short term memory.
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Interestingly the norwegian state owned media sets focus on Bolsanaros claim where he claims a new election to be hold. The reelection of Lula is a side notice.
Very strange indeed. NRK seems to have a clear tendency to the political far right.
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Y esta es una de las cosas por las que también me resisto a usar la IAGen aunque nos la intenten encasquetar para todo en el trabajo, si ya me da pereza probar y revisar algo que he hecho yo misma, que tengo un control del flujo de procesos, sé dónde estan las cosas... Imaginate tener que probar miles de lineas de código que me ha generado un cacharro con tentencia a alucinar y, que si no das bien las instrucciones, no revisar lo que ya existe en el proyecto y terminas con código duplicado.
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DATE: October 24, 2026 at 06:00AM
SOURCE: PSYPOST.ORG** Research quality varies widely from fantastic to small exploratory studies. Please check research methods when conclusions are very important to you. **
-------------------------------------------------TITLE: Psychologists showed extreme metal fans a series of disgusting images, and their reactions stood out
Fans of extreme metal music appear to view repulsive imagery through a very different lens than the average music listener, according to new research published in Psychology of Aesthetics, Creativity, and the Arts. When confronted with gruesome artworks, graphic album covers, and gross photographs, enthusiasts of the genre report less disgust and fewer negative reactions than nonfans. These listeners also tend to find grotesque artworks and album covers more amusing, which the authors suggest may reflect a tendency to treat repulsive visuals as safe and playful rather than threatening.
Disgust is a basic human emotion that evolved as an internal alarm system to help people avoid disease-carrying substances like rotting food, bodily fluids, and corpses. While these triggers usually prompt people to look away, the intensity of that reaction varies from person to person, a trait psychologists call disgust propensity. One subculture that actively embraces repulsive themes is extreme metal, an umbrella term for heavy metal subgenres like death metal and grindcore that feature heavily distorted guitars, fast drumming, and guttural, animalistic vocals.
Extreme metal bands routinely center their lyrics, band names, and visual art around gore, mutilation, and decay. While outsiders often experience tension, anger, or revulsion when exposed to this material, dedicated fans report feelings of joy and empowerment. A driving factor behind this appeal may be a personality trait known as morbid curiosity, or an interest in unpleasant topics like death; a 2022 study covered by PsyPost found that people with higher morbid curiosity are more likely to enjoy and listen to violently themed music.
Much of the research on how negative emotions can produce enjoyable artistic experiences has focused on sadness, such as why people enjoy tear-jerker movies, a phenomenon often explained by the feeling of being emotionally moved. Expanding on this idea, the authors of a 2017 theoretical paper argued that art provides a sense of psychological distance that reminds viewers they are physically safe, allowing them to embrace dark or gross emotions as intense, enjoyable experiences. This aligns with research covered by PsyPost in 2025, which indicated that people are more willing to look at distressing imagery when it is framed as artwork rather than a real-life photograph because the artistic context lowers the emotional toll.
When safety and distance are established, grotesque material can even become funny. According to a 2010 experimental study, people tend to experience humor and amusement when something violates a social norm or moral standard, provided that the violation simultaneously feels harmless. In a 2025 study of music listeners, Albert Wabnegger, a senior scientist in the Department of Clinical Psychology at the Institute of Psychology at the University of Graz in Austria, and his colleague Anne Schienle found that extreme metal fans generally have a lower tendency to feel disgusted and are less bothered by repulsive sounds, lyrics, and photos than fans of other genres.
“These findings raised an important follow-up question: Do extreme metal fans also have a different aesthetic experience when confronted with disgust-related content?” Wabnegger told PsyPost. “The present study was designed to address this question—and our results indicate that they indeed do.”
In their latest work, Wabnegger and Schienle wanted to look beyond basic revulsion to see how metal fans actually evaluate repulsive imagery as art. They designed an online experiment to test whether fans and nonfans experience different emotional pathways when viewing graphic visuals, and whether humor plays a role in how they process these images.
To measure how people process challenging visuals, the researchers used a psychological framework called the Vienna Integrated Model of Art Perception. This model outlines five possible emotional outcomes a viewer might experience when looking at art: feeling bored and unengaged; feeling surprised by something new; feeling a sense of harmony and being emotionally moved; having a negative experience marked by confusion and a desire to look away; or experiencing a sense of personal insight and mental transformation.
The researchers recruited participants primarily through university campuses and online forums. After filtering out incomplete surveys and responses that were clicked through too quickly to be genuine, they identified 79 extreme metal fans and 208 nonfans. To confirm that the metal fans truly knew the genre, those participants had to name at least one extreme metal band.
To ensure a fair comparison, the researchers used a statistical matching technique to pair extreme metal fans with nonfans of similar age and gender, while excluding people who liked traditional heavy metal but disliked extreme subgenres. This process yielded a final sample of 74 extreme metal fans and 74 matched nonfans, with an average age of about 30 years. Across the entire group of 148 participants, there were 79 men, 62 women, and 7 nonbinary individuals. The study’s design and analysis plan were preregistered.
Participants first completed questionnaires measuring their general interest in art, their preferences for complex or ambiguous artwork, and their everyday disgust propensity, which gauges how grossed out they would feel in hypothetical scenarios like accidentally touching an amputee’s stump. Each person was then randomly assigned to view one of two separate sets of eight images presented in random order (meaning 16 images were used across the study in total). Each set included two disgusting fine artworks (such as a portrait of a face covered in feces), two extreme metal album covers with band names removed, two everyday gross photographs (such as a skin infection), and two neutral control images created by digitally scrambling disgusting pictures into unrecognizable abstract blocks of color.
Beneath each image, participants rated their immediate reactions on a 1-to-5 scale covering the five art perception outcomes (boredom, surprise, feeling moved, negative confusion, and insight), along with how humorous they found the picture. They also used a 0-to-100 sliding scale to rate how familiar the image looked, how much disgust they felt, and how much they liked it.
The questionnaire results showed that extreme metal fans and nonfans had almost identical levels of general art interest and similar preferences for complex art. However, extreme metal fans reported spending more time listening to music (about 151 minutes on average, compared to 100 minutes for nonfans) and scored lower on everyday disgust propensity, averaging 2.21 on a 0-to-4 scale compared to 2.57 for nonfans.
When looking at the images, the two groups diverged in their emotional reactions. On the 0-to-100 scale, extreme metal fans rated the disgusting artworks 12.73 points less disgusting, the album covers 10.09 points less disgusting, and the gross everyday photos 8.86 points less disgusting than nonfans did. Disgust ratings for the scrambled control images were nearly identical across the two groups.
“We were able to replicate the results from our previous study, again showing reduced disgust reactivity to disgusting content in extreme metal fans,” Wabnegger noted. “This suggests that the effect is relatively stable. Moreover, these findings are striking because they show that, under certain conditions, an emotion that is typically strongly aversive can be experienced in a markedly different, and even enjoyable, way.”
Metal fans also expressed greater liking for the stylized gross imagery. On the 100-point scale, they rated their liking of the artworks 11.90 points higher and the album covers 17.56 points higher than nonfans did, while the two groups did not differ in how much they liked the real-life gross photos or the neutral control images. This may suggest that metal fans appreciate grotesque themes specifically in an artistic context, though fans also rated the album covers as more familiar (by about 17 points), which could partly explain their warmer response to that category.
In terms of the five art perception pathways, the two groups did not show reliable differences in boredom, surprise, feeling moved, or experiencing deep insight. However, they differed on the fourth pathway, which tracks negative reactions and confusion. On the 1-to-5 scale, extreme metal fans scored 0.55 points lower in negative confusion for artworks, 0.57 points lower for album covers, and 0.39 points lower for gross photos compared to nonfans, which the authors interpret as a sign they felt less threatened and less inclined to mentally reject the images.
This reduced negativity was accompanied by a rise in amusement. Extreme metal fans rated the artworks 0.62 points higher and the album covers 0.68 points higher in humor on the 5-point scale than nonfans did. They also found the gross photographs and neutral images slightly funnier than nonfans, though those differences were much smaller (0.21 and 0.26 points, respectively).
“The effects we observe are moderate in size, but robust and consistent across different types of disgust-related stimuli,” Wabnegger explained. “This means that extreme metal fans do not simply differ from non-fans by a tiny, trivial margin; rather, there is a reliable shift in how they emotionally and aesthetically respond to disgust-containing content.”
Merrick Powell, who studies fans of violently themed music and led the 2022 morbid curiosity study described earlier, said the results fit with the idea that fans actively reframe dark material rather than passively absorbing it. “I think the most important takeaway is that it aligns with theories of extreme metal fans being active agents in reappraising extreme content even extending to the visual medium associated with the music,” Powell, a postdoctoral researcher at the University of Melbourne who was not involved in the new study, told PsyPost.
The authors noted that extreme metal culture frequently treats grotesque subjects with tongue-in-cheek exaggeration, such as the Czech band Gutalax, which builds its album art and live shows around toilet humor. Because fans are familiar with these tropes, they may view grotesque art and album covers as playful, harmless norm violations, allowing them to laugh at material that leaves outsiders unsettled.
“Relative to non-fans, extreme metal fans do not experience disgust primarily as something revulsive; instead, they often feel it differently—as something exciting, fun, and part of an aesthetic experience,” Wabnegger said. “In this sense, they are ‘in the game’: they engage with disgust-related themes as playful, aesthetic elements rather than as purely aversive content. Our work shows that context can transform even ‘disgusting’ material into something enjoyable, highlighting how emotional experience can be reshaped.”
Powell pointed out that this shared sense of absurdity is central to the subculture, and it may set extreme metal apart from standard theories of how people safely embrace dark art, such as the Distancing-Embracing model proposed by Winfried Menninghaus and colleagues.
“One thing that extreme metal and other ‘extreme’ music genre fans report is knowing and realizing the music is often ridiculous and over the top, which is a key appeal,” Powell said. “Hence, it is often seen as funny or absurd, whereas people who are not part of these subcultures often do not realize this is the response or reaction that the in-group fans may have. It can be a bit like ‘being in the joke.’ This is where it might differ from some of the other prevalent theories about typically negative emotions and art, such as Menninghaus et al., Distancing-Embracing model, but we would need to do more to know!”
The authors themselves list that model among several frameworks that could account for their findings, alongside the idea that harmless norm violations become funny.
At the same time, the researchers emphasized that these lower disgust ratings do not mean listeners are cold or desensitized to emotion in general. “One important misinterpretation we want to preempt is the idea that extreme metal fans are somehow emotionally blunted or ‘numb’ because of their reduced disgust reactivity,” Wabnegger explained. “Instead, extreme metal fans tend to experience disgust-related content (such as images depicting decay) as more fun or entertaining. In other words, they are more deeply engaged in the aesthetic and emotional ‘game’ that such content invites.”
As with all research, there are some caveats to consider when interpreting these results. Because the study measured participants at a single point in time, it cannot determine cause and effect. It remains an open question whether listening to extreme metal gradually desensitizes people and teaches them to find gore funny, or whether people who already have a strong stomach and a dark sense of humor are naturally drawn to the genre in the first place.
Sorting out whether fans are actively reframing gross material, perhaps by enjoying their own reactions to it (what psychologists call metaemotions), or simply becoming accustomed to it will require tools beyond self-report surveys. “It continues an interesting conversation about the role of reappraisal/metaemotions vs desensitization,” Powell noted. “It is a challenging question to answer, but future work involving physiological measures and other ‘pre-conscious’ response indicators in this domain would be really interesting.”
There are a few other limitations to keep in mind. The participant sample had a higher proportion of men, particularly in the extreme metal group, which reflects the male-dominated nature of the metal fanbase but limits how well the findings apply to other demographics. Additionally, the experiment relied entirely on still visual images. Future longitudinal studies tracking listeners over time, as well as experiments combining music with visuals, could help clarify how sound and imagery work together to turn revulsion into entertainment.
“Looking ahead, we aim to investigate the role of humor in the perception of disgust-related content,” Wabnegger said. “Our findings so far suggest that extreme metal fans may not only tolerate such content better, but also be more likely to interpret it as playful or amusing.”
Beyond explaining the appeal of extreme music, Wabnegger suggested that understanding how people use humor to reframe revulsion could eventually help patients in clinical settings. “In the longer term, this line of work could have applied relevance,” he added. “Disgust plays a central role in several mental disorders characterized by heightened disgust reactivity, such as OCD. If humor can modulate how disgust is experienced—turning aversive material into something more playful or manageable—it might offer a promising additional tool for interventions, for example by integrating humorous or ‘gamified’ elements into exposure-based treatments.”
“Our findings also suggest a broader message: emotional responses are not fixed; they are strongly shaped by context, expectations, and shared cultural ‘rules of the game,'” Wabnegger concluded. “And finally, as an avid extreme-metal fan myself: listen to metal!”
The study, “Gore, Guts, and Giggles: Aesthetic Processing of Disgust Stimuli in Extreme Metal Fans,” was authored by Albert Wabnegger and Anne Schienle.
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#psychology #counseling #socialwork #psychotherapy @psychotherapist @psychotherapists @psychology @socialpsych @socialwork @psychiatry #mentalhealth #psychiatry #healthcare #depression #psychotherapist #ExtremeMetal #MetalMusic #DeathMetal #HeavyMetal #MusicPsychology #Psychology #MorbidCuriosity #DarkHumor #ArtAndEmotion #MusicResearch
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“Justice is the first virtue of social institutions, as truth is of systems of thought… Each person possesses an inviolability founded on justice that even the welfare of society as a whole cannot override.”*…
Jacques-Louis David, The Tennis Court Oath, 1790-4 (source)Stephen Colbert once observed that “reality has a well-known liberal bias.” And indeed, liberalism— the political/moral philosophy rooted in individual liberty, consent of the governed, and equality before the law– has been a major ideology through modern times… and, of course, the major ideology animating the founding of the United States.
But as Easten European states turn to authoritarians, Western European nations wrestle with the rise of nationalist far-right parties, and the U.S. is “steered” by MAGA using Project 2025‘s “map,” there’s a concern that liberalism’s days may be past.
Persuasion is running a series of essays on “Liberal Virtues and Values.”
The series, made possible with the generous support of the John Templeton Foundation, will make the case that liberalism has its own distinctive set of virtues and values that are capable not only of responding to the dissatisfaction that drives authoritarianism, but also of restoring faith in liberalism as an ideology worth believing in—and defending—on its own terms.
The latest installment is from Martin Gurri, who argues that Liberalism needs a new foundation (and that how we handle AI will matter fundamentally)…
That liberal democracy is in a state of terminal decline I take to be beyond dispute. Like Alice in the rabbit hole, those of us who dwell in democratic societies suffer from a nauseating sense of falling without ever landing on solid ground. The usual suspects blamed for this tumble—populism, inequality, the economy—are mere surface symptoms of an internal breakdown. We have arrived at the conclusion of a world-historical cycle. Liberal democracy is the procedural embodiment of Enlightenment ideology—and after two centuries of dominance, that ideology has lost all purchase and stands utterly exhausted.
Radical alternatives confront us. Either we reorient our system to post-Enlightenment principles or we risk staggering into the nihilist’s paradise I have called the Endarkenment.
Enlightenment philosophers placed their faith in reason and science. These are purely critical disciplines: liberal propagandists wielded criticism like a scalpel to dissect conservative laggards and utopian revolutionaries alike. Once triumphant at the “end of history,” liberal democracy turned the knife on itself—a process of self-criticism and self-doubt that has shredded its own ideals to ribbons.
The positive values inherited from the Enlightenment—equality, individualism, compassion—were always parasitic on Christianity. But Christianity, like all religions, has no place in a universe ruled by reason and science. Nietzsche long ago brought us the troubling news: the Christian God is dead. Oblivious to the implications of this calamity, liberal democracy kept marching like a cartoon character over the edge of the abyss, until the laws of moral gravity asserted themselves. So began the Great Fall.
Criticism is a force for progress so long as there are blatant irrationalities, like slavery or Jim Crow discrimination, to overcome. But under the hammer of Enlightenment ideals, modern society has been flattened, centralized, and rationalized. Deprived of obvious superstitions to debunk and totalitarian rivals to defeat, liberal democracy has been revealed in all its internal contradictions.
One such contradiction, I contend, pits the cherished principle of equality against the chosen few who actually practice reason and science: let’s call this the problem of the elites.
A second contradiction finds freedom of the press and of opinion arrayed against the need to protect objective truth: call it the problem of information.
Finally, freedom of worship and the life of the spirit collide head-on with the materialist criticism favored by Enlightenment ideology: the problem of meaning.
Each of these contradictions could prove fatal to the democratic project, but none is insoluble, and the search for solutions offers an opportunity for renewal. While there are no guarantees, we could emerge from the crisis with a better understanding of the reach and limits of equality, a more transparent information sphere, and even, it may be, a rich infusion of the transcendental into everyday life…
[Gurri unpacks each of those contradictions…]
… So what is to be done?
The first, obvious step is to move the question to the center of our shared conversations. The most capacious thinkers of the age should contemplate first principles and ultimate goals with at least as much intensity as they invest in Donald Trump or the latest economic report. There’s nothing artificial about this. Science and reason are necessary for modernity. Meaning and moral aspiration are necessary for humanity. A balance must be struck that preserves the one and gives full weight to the other.
Materialism, we must understand, is a valuable perspective for science but not a realistic appraisal of the human condition. Scientists work as if on a geometric point, abstracted from nature and indifferent to its dispositions. In reality, however, we come from nature, we are of nature, and we are far from indifferent to our place in it. Our intuitions are internal to the system: humanity’s spiritual quest is, in every sense, nature reflecting on itself. One such intuition is agency—the belief that, at the crossroads, I am free to go right or left, and I alone make the choice. Another is faith in causation. These stances are irrational, or rather pre-rational, but without them liberal democracy as well as science itself would be impossible.
In the end, materialism is self-defeating. To say, “I choose to be a materialist” is to fall into an absurd fallacy. Either our bodies, which consist of matter, obey unchanging laws, or the mind, transcending matter, is capable of choice. There can be no middle ground.
Politics, in a metaphysical age, will resume its traditional place as a secondary activity—a means to an end. This will leave liberal democracy vulnerable to false prophets who are willing to trample on individual rights in pursuit of some apocalyptic scheme. The interesting question is whether the post-truth condition will make the peril greater or lesser. On the one hand, the lack of universal firewalls might make it easier for a fanatic to flood the system. Yet post-truth itself, I believe, is the strongest kind of firewall. In our fractured, eternally contested environment, the progress of any totalizing doctrine will be painfully slow. The quest for meaning and the struggle over frames of reference are, in the end, really one and the same.
We have inherited a rich and evocative spiritual vocabulary, but it belongs to a worldview thousands of years old. “King of kings,” to cite just one example, should sound archaic in a democratic age. Can we awaken the scientific world to the spirit? Is it possible to sanctify our largely instrumental relations? This shouldn’t entail a belief in fairies and goblins, or even necessarily in religion. Any good empiricist will admit that the richest human lives are lived symbolically. Can we climb the symbolic ladder to the mountaintop, where meaning and modern humanity come harmoniously together—anchoring, it may be, a loftier understanding of equality and social life, and of the sanctity of truth?
We won’t know until we try. Pessimism, let me suggest, is unwarranted. History moves in mysterious ways. We may be due for a second coming of historian Karl Jaspers’ “Axial Age”: preachers and philosophers who conceived a drastically updated transcendental vision, with the rational and the sacred, truth and meaning, reconciled with political freedom.
For 200 years, we placed society under the sway of universal principles. That’s gone with the wind. We have entered an era of radical contingency, in which even truth is indeterminate. The natural tendency is to retreat to the certainties of the past—but there’s no going back. If we hope to preserve the gains from Enlightenment society, and resolve its many contradictions, we’ll have to do so within a new and wildly unstable conceptual framework.
With the spell of the Enlightenment broken, liberal democracy will have to redefine what “created equal” means. This process could end in a rigid caste system, with the institutions in the hands of self-selected mandarins who wield the power of the state to impose their “solutions.” Preferably, and more likely given the thrust of the new technology, we’ll see a flattening of the institutions and the continued trampling by the public into the sacred spaces of politics and communication.
Equality, however understood, will be forged in the will of the citizenry rather than granted by a benevolent God. That will make it contingent like everything else, and so liable to variation and in constant need of defense. And if perfect equality is an impossible dream, eternal inequality requires impossible discipline. The current elite class, already under enormous pressure, may lose its cohesion and melt into the impermanence of the age, divided among the various schools and sects and frames of reference.
The structure of information will follow the definition of equality. The commanding heights will be control over AI. If AI development and deployment is a closed game, the elites could set themselves up as intermediaries in the oracle of an omniscient divinity. If AI is a competitive product, the public will gain the upper hand. In that case, we can expect a flowering of eccentric applications, the individualization of commerce and industry, and the final overthrow of the expert class. The information sphere will remain the mirror to our passions, divisions, and metaphysical longings. Freedom of speech, no longer “endowed by our Creator,” will become the battleground on which the question of equality is ultimately settled.
Here I finally reveal myself in my true colors. I’m an analyst. My task is to describe reality, and that’s what this essay is about. But I also lead an active life inside the world that I’m describing—and I have preferences. I see equality as a factor of opportunity, law, and human dignity, not of perfect outcomes. I think truth emerges from examining a subject from a large number of perspectives, even those that may seem disturbing or false. I hope that my story—as a person, a father, a grandfather—connects to other stories in the past and will connect to more in the future, in a pattern that is not entirely devoid of meaning. And I believe fervently in liberal democracy, because—born in Cuba—I have tasted the alternative.
The breakdown of Enlightenment ideology is only the latest challenge liberal democracy has faced in my lifetime. I’m not entitled, as an analyst, to downplay the perils ahead, but I’m allowed, as an American, to have faith that they will once again be overcome…
Eminently worth reading in full: “The Search for a Post-Enlightenment Democracy”
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As we renew, we might send free-thinking birthday greetings to Henri-Benjamin Constant de Rebecque (or as he’s usually called, Benjamin Constant); he was born on this date in 1767. A French political thinker, activist, and writer on political theory and religion (whose work influenced, among many others, Sir Isaiah Berlin), Constant was a committed republican from 1795, backing the coup d’état of 18 Fructidor in1797, and the following one on 18 Brumaire, in 1799. He became the leader of the Liberal opposition in 1800, during the Consulate. Constant fell out with Napoleon, and had to flee (first to Switzerland, then to Saxony). Nonetheless, after his return to France, Constant sided with the Emperor during the Hundred Days, drafting the Charter of 1815. He became politically active again during the Bourbon Restoration and was elected to the Chamber of Deputies in 1818 (where he remained until his death in 1830). As the head of the Liberal opposition, known as Indépendants, Constant was one of the most notable orators in the Chamber, especially in his role as a proponent of the parliamentary system.
Portrait of Constant by Hercule de Roche, c. 1820 (source) #authoritarianism #BenjaminConstant #culture #democracy #Elites #Enlightenment #FrenchHistory #history #illiberalism #information #liberalism #MartinGurri #meaning #moralPhilosophy #Napoleon #philosophy #politicalPhilosophy #religion -
DATE: October 24, 2026 at 12:00PM
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-------------------------------------------------TITLE: Emotional struggles are linked to vulnerable narcissism but not grandiose narcissism, meta-analysis finds
A new statistical review of data from more than 12,000 adults suggests that difficulties with managing emotions are moderately linked to one specific form of narcissism, while showing virtually no connection to another. The research, published in Personality and Individual Differences, indicates that people with insecure and defensive narcissistic traits tend to struggle with emotional control, whereas those with more boastful, dominant narcissistic traits generally do not report these same struggles. These findings help clarify why past studies on narcissism and emotional health have produced conflicting results, and they may point to specific emotional skills that could be targeted in therapy.
In psychology, trait narcissism refers to a persistent pattern of personality characteristics centered on interpersonal antagonism, which includes feeling entitled, manipulating others, and lacking empathy. Rather than being a single uniform trait, narcissism is generally divided into two main subtypes: grandiose and vulnerable. Grandiose narcissism matches the common stereotype of a narcissist, featuring an outgoing, dominant, attention-seeking, and aggressively self-confident style. Vulnerable narcissism, while sharing the same core of entitlement and self-centeredness, looks very different on the surface, involving introversion, fragile self-esteem, deep feelings of inadequacy, and a heightened sensitivity to rejection.
Both forms of narcissism are associated with problems in relationships, including a lack of care for a partner’s distress, relationship dissatisfaction, and even intimate partner violence; a 2024 meta-analysis found that violence was more strongly tied to vulnerable narcissism (a correlation of 0.25) than to grandiose narcissism (0.11). Because personality traits themselves are deeply ingrained and difficult to change, psychologists often look for modifiable behaviors and skills that might help improve how narcissistic individuals function in daily life. One promising target is emotion dysregulation, which refers to difficulty understanding, managing, and responding to feelings in a healthy way that aligns with a person’s goals and social norms.
“Our broader interest in this area stems from wanting to understand the psychological factors that contribute to the interpersonal difficulties experienced by people with high levels of narcissism,” senior author Megan L. Willis, an associate professor in the School of Behavioural and Health Sciences and the Healthy Brain and Mind Research Centre at Australian Catholic University, told PsyPost. “I’m particularly interested in factors that may be modifiable – that is, things that we may be able to prevent or improve through psychological intervention.”
When psychologists study emotion dysregulation, they often look at several distinct areas where a person’s emotional control can break down. These areas include refusing to accept negative feelings, lacking awareness or clarity about what emotion is actually occurring, struggling to stay focused on tasks when upset, failing to control impulsive behaviors during distress, and lacking effective strategies to calm down. Studies linking narcissism to these emotional difficulties have produced confusing results, with some finding that narcissistic people had worse emotional control and others finding no link or even better emotional control.
Psychologists began to suspect that these contradictions happened because studies were measuring different subtypes of narcissism. For instance, a 2017 study of Chinese university students found that students with vulnerable narcissistic traits reported substantial trouble managing their emotions, while those with grandiose traits actually reported fewer emotional difficulties, which the authors linked to their higher self-esteem. Similarly, a 2020 study of undergraduates indicated that the defensive, self-protective side of narcissism was tied to poor emotion recognition and messy emotional reactions, whereas the assertive, self-promoting side was linked to better emotional management.
To make sense of the growing body of research, a 2024 systematic review summarized the existing literature and observed a consistent link between vulnerable narcissism and emotional struggles, alongside a lack of evidence connecting grandiose narcissism to those same struggles. However, that earlier review only summarized the studies qualitatively rather than mathematically combining their data, and it mixed psychiatric patients with the general public, which can weaken the correlations researchers observe. Willis, lead author Ria Tziliaskopoulos, and their colleagues at Australian Catholic University set out to conduct a full meta-analysis, a statistical technique that pools data from multiple studies to estimate the strength of the relationship between narcissism and emotion dysregulation in the general adult population.
“We wanted to establish the strength of the relationship between emotion dysregulation and narcissism in general, as well as determine whether this relationship differed between grandiose and vulnerable narcissism,” Willis explained.
The researchers searched five major academic databases through January 2026 to find studies written in English that measured both trait narcissism and emotion dysregulation in adults outside clinical settings. They excluded studies focusing on children or specialized groups like psychiatric patients or prison inmates, ensuring the results would reflect everyday adult populations. This screening process yielded 26 eligible studies from 25 reports, encompassing a combined total of 12,209 participants with average ages ranging from 18.7 to 62 years across countries including the United States, Italy, Turkey, China, Iran, and Brazil.
Because each included study used questionnaires to measure personality and emotional habits, the authors categorized the narcissism questionnaires into three groups: those measuring grandiose narcissism, those measuring vulnerable narcissism, and “combined” measures that blended both traits into a single score. For instance, the widely used Narcissistic Personality Inventory counted as a grandiose measure and the Hypersensitive Narcissism Scale as a vulnerable one, while the 2020 undergraduate study’s self-promoting “admiration” scale was counted as grandiose and its defensive “rivalry” scale as vulnerable.
Twenty-two of the 26 studies measured emotional difficulties using a standard questionnaire called the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale, which scores both overall dysregulation and the six specific problem areas like impulse control and emotional awareness. The researchers extracted 80 individual statistical correlations from the 26 studies and used a method called robust variance estimation to account for the fact that several studies contributed multiple data points from the same group of people.
In statistical terms, a correlation ranges from -1 to 1, where 0 means no relationship, positive values mean two traits tend to rise together, and negative values mean one tends to fall as the other rises. By common convention, values of about 0.10 to 0.29 are considered weak, 0.30 to 0.49 moderate, and 0.50 or above strong. When the researchers pooled all 80 data points together without separating the narcissism subtypes, they found a weak positive correlation of 0.15 between overall narcissism and emotion dysregulation. This meant that across the entire dataset, higher levels of narcissism were only slightly associated with greater trouble managing emotions.
When the team broke the data down by narcissism subtype, a sharp divide emerged that helps explain why the overall correlation was so small. Vulnerable narcissism showed a moderate positive correlation of 0.37 with emotion dysregulation across 11 studies. In contrast, grandiose narcissism showed a correlation of 0.04 across 21 studies, a number so close to zero that it was not statistically significant.
“The relationship with vulnerable narcissism was moderate in size, which is quite a meaningful relationship in individual differences research,” Willis noted. “Narcissism reflects a cluster of personality traits, so we wouldn’t expect any single psychological factor to explain it. The size of the relationship suggests that difficulties regulating emotions are an important part of the psychological profile of people high in vulnerable narcissism.”
Measures that combined both forms of narcissism fell right in the middle, showing a weak positive correlation of 0.25 across five studies. Follow-up statistical comparisons confirmed that the link between vulnerable narcissism and emotional difficulties was substantially stronger than the link for grandiose narcissism. The authors also checked whether a few debatable coding choices drove the results. Dropping the grandiose scale of the Pathological Narcissism Inventory, which critics say overlaps too much with vulnerable traits, left grandiose narcissism at 0.03, and dropping the one study that counted the defensive “rivalry” scale as vulnerable narcissism left vulnerable narcissism at 0.37.
“The findings may help explain some of the interpersonal difficulties experienced by people high in vulnerable narcissism,” Willis said. “They tend to be hypersensitive to rejection and criticism, and our findings suggest they are also more likely to have difficulty regulating their emotions. When they feel rejected or criticized, they may struggle to manage the emotions that arise in these situations. This could contribute to hostile or aggressive responses, which can create conflict and damage their relationships with others.”
The researchers then examined the four or five studies that reported scores for each of the six domains of emotional difficulty, pooling all types of narcissism together. They found weak but statistically reliable correlations with three specific problem areas: limited access to effective emotion regulation strategies had a correlation of 0.21, trouble controlling impulses when upset had a correlation of 0.19, and refusing to accept negative emotions had a correlation of 0.18. Meanwhile, narcissism was not statistically linked to lacking emotional awareness (which had a slight negative correlation of -0.08), lacking emotional clarity (0.13), or struggling to focus on goal-directed behaviors when distressed (0.13). The link with emotional awareness was weaker than the link with every other domain.
The authors suggest this pattern means the emotional struggles tied to narcissism may be less about failing to notice feelings and more about how a person reacts once an unpleasant emotion arrives, such as struggling to accept the feeling, acting impulsively, or feeling there is no healthy way to calm down. Because these analyses drew on only a handful of studies and combined all forms of narcissism, they cannot show whether the pattern differs between grandiose and vulnerable traits. The authors note that these specific breakdowns could help explain why people high in narcissism may lash out, blame others, or withdraw during relationship conflicts.
These results align with a study covered by PsyPost in 2024, which also found that emotion dysregulation was tied to vulnerable rather than grandiose narcissism, although that earlier study tested psychiatric outpatients rather than the general adult samples analyzed in the new review.
The findings sit in partial tension with the 2020 study of undergraduates described earlier, which PsyPost covered in 2019, where the self-promoting side of grandiose narcissism was linked to fewer emotional difficulties and better emotional awareness. The meta-analysis included that study but counted its defensive rivalry scale as vulnerable narcissism, and across all the grandiose questionnaires combined, it found no link either way rather than a protective one.
The absence of a link for grandiose narcissism also contrasts with research covered by PsyPost earlier in 2026, which tied both grandiose and vulnerable traits to brain differences connected to hiding one’s feelings. That difference may reflect what was measured: the brain study looked at the specific habit of suppressing outward emotional expressions, while the meta-analysis assessed broader difficulties managing emotions.
As with all research, there are some caveats to keep in mind when interpreting these findings. Every study included in the meta-analysis relied on self-report questionnaires, which depend on participants being both honest and self-aware about their flaws. The authors point to a 2023 study that recorded facial muscle activity and found amplified emotional reactions to negative social evaluation among people with grandiose traits, suggesting questionnaires may miss some of their emotional responses.
“I also wouldn’t interpret the lack of a relationship with grandiose narcissism as definitive evidence that people high in grandiose narcissism don’t experience difficulties regulating their emotions,” Willis cautioned. “All of the studies relied on self-report measures, and people high in grandiose narcissism may be less likely to perceive or report difficulties with emotion regulation.”
All 26 studies also used cross-sectional designs, measuring personality and emotional habits at a single point in time. In addition, half of the studies (13 of 26) recruited only university students, and most were conducted in Western nations, meaning the findings may not apply equally to older adults or different cultural contexts.
“The main caveat is that all of the studies included in our meta-analysis were cross-sectional, so we can’t determine the direction of the relationship,” Willis said. “Difficulties regulating emotions may contribute to the development or maintenance of vulnerable narcissism, vulnerable narcissism may contribute to difficulties regulating emotions, or other factors may explain this relationship.”
One such shared factor the authors raise is early experience: vulnerable narcissism has been theorized to arise partly from childhood trauma or inconsistent parenting, which may also hinder the development of emotional skills. Results also varied widely from study to study, so the pooled correlations are best read as averages rather than as figures that apply equally to every group or questionnaire. Several statistical checks did suggest the findings were unlikely to be skewed by publication bias, the tendency for studies with positive results to be published more often.
Another limitation is that too few studies reported detailed breakdowns of the six emotional problem areas to allow the authors to test grandiose and vulnerable narcissism separately for each specific skill. The authors recommend that future studies routinely report data for all individual emotion regulation subscales alongside total scores, use longitudinal designs that follow people over time, and recruit more diverse samples across cultures and age groups. Even with these limitations, the authors suggest that therapies focused on emotion regulation, such as dialectical behavior therapy or schema therapy, may be worth testing for people high in vulnerable narcissism, though studies have yet to show whether such treatment improves their well-being or relationships.
Looking ahead, the research team is now examining the roots of these traits and how emotional habits take shape over time. In psychology, insecure attachment refers to relationship patterns characterized by anxiety or avoidance that often stem from inconsistent caregiving early in life.
“One of the things I’m particularly interested in now is understanding how vulnerable narcissism may develop,” Willis told PsyPost. “We’re currently testing models looking at the potential role of insecure attachment and difficulties identifying, understanding and regulating emotions. Ultimately, we want to identify potentially modifiable factors that could be targeted through prevention or intervention strategies.”
The study, “The relationship between narcissism and emotion dysregulation: A systematic review and meta-analysis,” was authored by Ria Tziliaskopoulos, Rose Ferguson, Wendy Song, and Megan L. Willis.
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