#deduction — Public Fediverse posts

Dernier effort d'auto-promo : Je présente dans ce billet de blogue le concept des « cartes nuit ». Dans ma version du jeu des #LoupsGarous, chaque joueur, chaque joueuse peut avoir un rôle à jouer : https://pycomtois.com/2026/05/07/les-cartes-nuits-dans-le-jeu-des-loups-garous/ 🐺 🌙

Avec le code promo « FEDIVERS2026 », les cartes à imprimer sont offertes à 1,95 $CA, un rabais de 50 % : #Fedivers https://payhip.com/b/ICRi9

#JeuDeSociété #JeuDesLoupsGarous #Atmosphère #Déduction #CartesÀImprimer #AutoPromo #Rôles #Jeux

Dernier effort d'auto-promo : Je présente dans ce billet de blogue le concept des « cartes nuit ». Dans ma version du jeu des #LoupsGarous, chaque joueur, chaque joueuse peut avoir un rôle à jouer : https://pycomtois.com/2026/05/07/les-cartes-nuits-dans-le-jeu-des-loups-garous/ 🐺 🌙

Avec le code promo « FEDIVERS2026 », les cartes à imprimer sont offertes à 1,95 $CA, un rabais de 50 % : #Fedivers https://payhip.com/b/ICRi9

#JeuDeSociété #JeuDesLoupsGarous #Atmosphère #Déduction #CartesÀImprimer #AutoPromo #Rôles #Jeux

Dernier effort d'auto-promo : Je présente dans ce billet de blogue le concept des « cartes nuit ». Dans ma version du jeu des #LoupsGarous, chaque joueur, chaque joueuse peut avoir un rôle à jouer : https://pycomtois.com/2026/05/07/les-cartes-nuits-dans-le-jeu-des-loups-garous/ 🐺 🌙

Avec le code promo « FEDIVERS2026 », les cartes à imprimer sont offertes à 1,95 $CA, un rabais de 50 % : #Fedivers https://payhip.com/b/ICRi9

#JeuDeSociété #JeuDesLoupsGarous #Atmosphère #Déduction #CartesÀImprimer #AutoPromo #Rôles #Jeux

Dernier effort d'auto-promo : Je présente dans ce billet de blogue le concept des « cartes nuit ». Dans ma version du jeu des #LoupsGarous, chaque joueur, chaque joueuse peut avoir un rôle à jouer : https://pycomtois.com/2026/05/07/les-cartes-nuits-dans-le-jeu-des-loups-garous/ 🐺 🌙

Avec le code promo « FEDIVERS2026 », les cartes à imprimer sont offertes à 1,95 $CA, un rabais de 50 % : #Fedivers https://payhip.com/b/ICRi9

#JeuDeSociété #JeuDesLoupsGarous #Atmosphère #Déduction #CartesÀImprimer #AutoPromo #Rôles #Jeux

Dernier effort d'auto-promo : Je présente dans ce billet de blogue le concept des « cartes nuit ». Dans ma version du jeu des #LoupsGarous, chaque joueur, chaque joueuse peut avoir un rôle à jouer : https://pycomtois.com/2026/05/07/les-cartes-nuits-dans-le-jeu-des-loups-garous/ 🐺 🌙

Avec le code promo « FEDIVERS2026 », les cartes à imprimer sont offertes à 1,95 $CA, un rabais de 50 % : #Fedivers https://payhip.com/b/ICRi9

#JeuDeSociété #JeuDesLoupsGarous #Atmosphère #Déduction #CartesÀImprimer #AutoPromo #Rôles #Jeux

On parle de mon jeu jusqu'à Washington, je peux mourir en paix ! 🤣
https://pycomtois.com/les-loups-garous-de-saint-adelphes-du-lac/

#JeuDeSociété #JeuDesLoupsGarous #Atmosphère #Déduction #Québec

A quotation from Arthur Conan Doyle

No, no: I never guess. It is a shocking habit, — destructive to the logical faculty.

Arthur Conan Doyle (1859-1930) British writer and physician
Story (1890-02), “The Sign of the Four,” ch. 1 [Holmes], Lippincott’s Monthly Magazine, Vol. 45 (US) / 1 (UK)

More about this quote: wist.info/doyle-arthur-conan/8…

#quote #quotes #quotation #qotd #arthurconandoyle #sherlock #holmes #sherlockholmes #deduction #discipline #guess #guesswork #inference #logic

A quotation from Arthur Conan Doyle

No, no: I never guess. It is a shocking habit, — destructive to the logical faculty.

Arthur Conan Doyle (1859-1930) British writer and physician
Story (1890-02), “The Sign of the Four,” ch. 1 [Holmes], Lippincott’s Monthly Magazine, Vol. 45 (US) / 1 (UK)

More about this quote: wist.info/doyle-arthur-conan/8…

#quote #quotes #quotation #qotd #arthurconandoyle #sherlock #holmes #sherlockholmes #deduction #discipline #guess #guesswork #inference #logic

A quotation from Arthur Conan Doyle

No, no: I never guess. It is a shocking habit, — destructive to the logical faculty.

Arthur Conan Doyle (1859-1930) British writer and physician
Story (1890-02), “The Sign of the Four,” ch. 1 [Holmes], Lippincott’s Monthly Magazine, Vol. 45 (US) / 1 (UK)

More about this quote: wist.info/doyle-arthur-conan/8…

#quote #quotes #quotation #qotd #arthurconandoyle #sherlock #holmes #sherlockholmes #deduction #discipline #guess #guesswork #inference #logic

A quotation from Arthur Conan Doyle

No, no: I never guess. It is a shocking habit, — destructive to the logical faculty.

Arthur Conan Doyle (1859-1930) British writer and physician
Story (1890-02), “The Sign of the Four,” ch. 1 [Holmes], Lippincott’s Monthly Magazine, Vol. 45 (US) / 1 (UK)

More about this quote: wist.info/doyle-arthur-conan/8…

#quote #quotes #quotation #qotd #arthurconandoyle #sherlock #holmes #sherlockholmes #deduction #discipline #guess #guesswork #inference #logic

A quotation from Arthur Conan Doyle

How often have I said to you that when you have eliminated the impossible, whatever remains, however improbable, must be the truth?

Arthur Conan Doyle (1859-1930) British writer and physician
Story (1890-02), “The Sign of the Four,” ch. 6 [Holmes], Lippincott’s Monthly Magazine, Vol. 45 (US) / 1 (UK)

More about this quote: wist.info/doyle-arthur-conan/2…

#quote #quotes #quotation #qotd #arthurconandoyle #sherlockholmes #sherlock #answer #conclusion #deduction #elimination #evidence #explanation #impossibility #improbability #processofelimination #solution #truth

A quotation from Arthur Conan Doyle

How often have I said to you that when you have eliminated the impossible, whatever remains, however improbable, must be the truth?

Arthur Conan Doyle (1859-1930) British writer and physician
Story (1890-02), “The Sign of the Four,” ch. 6 [Holmes], Lippincott’s Monthly Magazine, Vol. 45 (US) / 1 (UK)

More about this quote: wist.info/doyle-arthur-conan/2…

#quote #quotes #quotation #qotd #arthurconandoyle #sherlockholmes #sherlock #answer #conclusion #deduction #elimination #evidence #explanation #impossibility #improbability #processofelimination #solution #truth

A quotation from Arthur Conan Doyle

How often have I said to you that when you have eliminated the impossible, whatever remains, however improbable, must be the truth?

Arthur Conan Doyle (1859-1930) British writer and physician
Story (1890-02), “The Sign of the Four,” ch. 6 [Holmes], Lippincott’s Monthly Magazine, Vol. 45 (US) / 1 (UK)

More about this quote: wist.info/doyle-arthur-conan/2…

#quote #quotes #quotation #qotd #arthurconandoyle #sherlockholmes #sherlock #answer #conclusion #deduction #elimination #evidence #explanation #impossibility #improbability #processofelimination #solution #truth

A quotation from Arthur Conan Doyle

How often have I said to you that when you have eliminated the impossible, whatever remains, however improbable, must be the truth?

Arthur Conan Doyle (1859-1930) British writer and physician
Story (1890-02), “The Sign of the Four,” ch. 6 [Holmes], Lippincott’s Monthly Magazine, Vol. 45 (US) / 1 (UK)

More about this quote: wist.info/doyle-arthur-conan/2…

#quote #quotes #quotation #qotd #arthurconandoyle #sherlockholmes #sherlock #answer #conclusion #deduction #elimination #evidence #explanation #impossibility #improbability #processofelimination #solution #truth

On en est à la moitié!
Alllleeeeez pour que nous puissions partir!!!
Merciiiiiii
(C’est déductible des impôts)

https://trousseaprojets.fr/projet/20885-les-1eres-sti2d-dans-le-sud

@francks @loevenbruck
Encore un coup de pouce pour le repouet? 😊
#teamEduc #teamprof #teampremierdegre #teamseconddegre #help #don #generosite #deduction #latrousseaprojet #voyagescolaire

Turns out the current generation of model based AI cannot tell when it does not know the answer to a question; something humans can tell but prefer not to.

I thought all my robots needed was an #inference engine with #deduction capability.

#OpenWorldSet #MachineLearning

▶️ Les loups-garous de Saint-Adelphes-du-lac : un jeu de rôle et de déduction offert gratuitement par Pierre-Yves Comtois, son concepteur
https://pycomtois.com/les-loups-garous-de-saint-adelphes-du-lac/
#jeu #loupsgarous #jeuderôle #loisirs #divertissement #art #création #dessin #image #déduction #village
@pycomtois

When you have eliminated the impossible, whatever remains, however improbable, must be the truth.
-- Sherlock Holmes

⬆ #Wisdom #Quotes #SherlockHolmes #Deduction

⬇ #Photography #Panorama #Panopainting #Seashells #Everglades #Florida

If reality does not agree with your theory, your theory is wrong.

If reality does not agree with your deductions, your deductions are wrong.

So far so good.

However:
If your deductions disagree with your theory, your theory (if it is a real theory that is based on evidence) actually outrank your deductions.

Deduction is weak af.

#Deduction #Science #Theory #Evidence

Excited about no #tax on #tips? Bonus #senior #deduction? Not in these states

https://www.usatoday.com/story/money/personalfinance/2025/11/16/tax-tips-overtime-senior-deductions-states/87256825007

When you have eliminated the impossible, whatever remains, however improbable, must be the truth.
-- Sherlock Holmes

⬆ #Wisdom #Quotes #SherlockHolmes #Deduction

⬇ #Photography #Panorama #Panopainting #Protest #MarchForOurLives #Florida

A quotation from Nassim Nicholas Taleb

The same past data can confirm a theory and its exact opposite! If you survive until tomorrow, it could mean that either a) you are more likely to be immortal or b) that you are closer to death. Both conclusions rely on the exact same data.

Nassim Nicholas Taleb (b. 1960) Lebanese-American essayist, statistician, risk analyst, aphorist
The Black Swan, Part 2, ch. 11 “How to Look for Bird Poop” (2007)

Sourcing, notes: wist.info/taleb-nassim-nichola…

#quote #quotes #quotation #qotd #blackswan #conclusion #data #deduction #past #precedent #proof #surmise #theory

New entry of AI-generated #comics and #jokes added to our #website:

#SALT #Deduction #Blues

comics.lucentinian.com/7993
#AIGeneratedJokes #LaughWithAI #AIHumor #DailyLaughs #DailyJokes

The bill also would #penalize #states that expand #Medicaid in the future.

Johnson also expanded a #deduction break for #state & #local #tax payments, a priority for a handful of centrist #Republicans who represent high-tax states like New York & California.

#Democrats blasted the bill as disproportionately benefiting the #wealthy while cutting #benefits for working Americans. CBO found it would reduce #income for the #poorest 10% of US households & boost income for the top 10%.

#law #Trump

Interpreter and Interpretant • Selection 10.2
• https://inquiryintoinquiry.com/2025/02/11/interpreter-and-interpretant-selection-10-a/
• https://bsky.app/profile/inquiryintoinquiry.bsky.social/post/3lhyet3gfzk2c

In logical terms, the analogy of experience proceeds by inducing a Rule about the validity of a current knowledge base and then by deducing a Fact, the applicability of that knowledge base to a current experience.

Step 1 is Inductive, abstracting a Rule from a Case and a Fact.

• Case : E_past ⇒ E_poss, Chosen events fairly sample Collective events.
• Fact : E_past ⇒ K_pres, Chosen events support the Knowledge regime.
────────────────────────────────────────────────
• Rule : E_poss ⇒ K_pres, Collective events support the Knowledge regime.

Step 2 is Deductive, admitting a Case to a Rule and arriving at a Fact.

• Case : E_pres ⇒ E_poss, Current events fairly sample Collective events.
• Rule : E_poss ⇒ K_pres, Collective events support the Knowledge regime.
────────────────────────────────────────────────
• Fact : E_pres ⇒ K_pres, Current events support the Knowledge regime.

References —

Awbrey, J.L., and Awbrey, S.M. (1995), “Interpretation as Action : The Risk of Inquiry”, Inquiry : Critical Thinking Across the Disciplines 15(1), 40–52.
• https://www.pdcnet.org/inquiryct/content/inquiryct_1995_0015_0001_0040_0052
• https://www.academia.edu/57812482/Interpretation_as_Action_The_Risk_of_Inquiry

Dewey, J. (1910), How We Think, D.C. Heath, Boston, MA. Reprinted (1991), Prometheus Books, Buffalo, NY.
• https://www.gutenberg.org/files/37423/37423-h/37423-h.htm

Resources —

Survey of Abduction, Deduction, Induction, Analogy, Inquiry
• https://inquiryintoinquiry.com/2024/02/27/survey-of-abduction-deduction-induction-analogy-inquiry-4/

Survey of Semiotics, Semiosis, Sign Relations
• https://inquiryintoinquiry.com/2024/01/26/survey-of-semiotics-semiosis-sign-relations-5/

#Peirce #Logic #Semiotics #Semiosis #SignRelations
#JohnDewey #Interpreter #Interpretant #Pragmatism
#Abduction #Deduction #Induction #Analogy #Inquiry

Interpreter and Interpretant • Selection 10.1
• https://inquiryintoinquiry.com/2025/02/11/interpreter-and-interpretant-selection-10-a/
• https://bsky.app/profile/inquiryintoinquiry.bsky.social/post/3lhyet3gfzk2c

Transfer —

Returning to the scene of Dewey's “Sign of Rain” example, let's continue examining how the transfer of knowledge through the analogy of experience works in that case.

By way of a recap, we began by considering a fragment K_pres of the reasoner's knowledge base which is logically equivalent to a conjunction of two rules.

• K_pres ⇔ (B ⇒ A) ∧ (B ⇒ D).

K_pres may be thought of as a piece of knowledge or item of information allowing for the possibility of certain conditions, expressed in the form of a logical constraint on the present universe of discourse.

Next we found it convenient to express all logical statements in terms of their models, that is, in terms of the primitive circumstances or elements of experience over which they hold true.

• Let E_past be the chosen set of experiences, or the circumstances in mind under “past experience”.

• Let E_poss be the collective set of experiences, or the prospective total of possible circumstances.

• Let E_pres be the current experience, or the circumstances immediately present to the reasoner.

If we think of the knowledge base K_pres as referring to the “regime of experience” over which it is valid, then the sets of models involved in the analogy may be ordered according to the relationships of set inclusion or logical implication existing among them.

Figure 4 shows the subsumption relations involved in the analogy of experience.

Figure 4. Analogy of Experience
• https://inquiryintoinquiry.files.wordpress.com/2025/02/analogy-of-experience.png

#Peirce #Logic #Semiotics #Semiosis #SignRelations
#JohnDewey #Interpreter #Interpretant #Pragmatism
#Abduction #Deduction #Induction #Analogy #Inquiry

Interpreter and Interpretant • Selection 9.2
• https://inquiryintoinquiry.com/2025/01/27/interpreter-and-interpretant-selection-9-a/

Transfer —

In logical terms, the analogy of experience proceeds by inducing a Rule about the validity of a current knowledge base and then by deducing a Fact, the applicability of that knowledge base to a current experience.

Step 1 is Inductive, abstracting a Rule from a Case and a Fact.

• Case : E_past ⇒ E_poss, Chosen events fairly sample Collective events.
• Fact : E_past ⇒ K_pres, Chosen events support the Knowledge regime.
────────────────────────────────────────────────
• Rule : E_poss ⇒ K_pres, Collective events support the Knowledge regime.

Step 2 is Deductive, admitting a Case to a Rule and arriving at a Fact.

• Case : E_pres ⇒ E_poss, Current events fairly sample Collective events.
• Rule : E_poss ⇒ K_pres, Collective events support the Knowledge regime.
────────────────────────────────────────────────
• Fact : E_pres ⇒ K_pres, Current events support the Knowledge regime.

References —

Awbrey, J.L., and Awbrey, S.M. (1995), “Interpretation as Action : The Risk of Inquiry”, Inquiry : Critical Thinking Across the Disciplines 15(1), 40–52.
• https://www.pdcnet.org/inquiryct/content/inquiryct_1995_0015_0001_0040_0052
• https://www.academia.edu/57812482/Interpretation_as_Action_The_Risk_of_Inquiry

Dewey, J. (1910), How We Think, D.C. Heath, Boston, MA. Reprinted (1991), Prometheus Books, Buffalo, NY.
• https://www.gutenberg.org/files/37423/37423-h/37423-h.htm

Resources —

Survey of Abduction, Deduction, Induction, Analogy, Inquiry
• https://inquiryintoinquiry.com/2024/02/27/survey-of-abduction-deduction-induction-analogy-inquiry-4/

Survey of Semiotics, Semiosis, Sign Relations
• https://inquiryintoinquiry.com/2024/01/26/survey-of-semiotics-semiosis-sign-relations-5/

#Peirce #Logic #Semiotics #Semiosis #SignRelations
#JohnDewey #Interpreter #Interpretant #Pragmatism
#Abduction #Deduction #Induction #Analogy #Inquiry

Interpreter and Interpretant • Selection 9.1
• https://inquiryintoinquiry.com/2025/01/27/interpreter-and-interpretant-selection-9-a/

Transfer —

Let's examine how the transfer of knowledge through the analogy of experience works in the case of Dewey's “Sign of Rain” example.

For concreteness, consider a fragment K_pres of the reasoner's knowledge base which is logically equivalent to a conjunction of two rules.

• K_pres ⇔ (B ⇒ A) ∧ (B ⇒ D).

K_pres may be thought of as a piece of knowledge or item of information allowing for the possibility of certain conditions, expressed in the form of a logical constraint on the present universe of discourse.

It is convenient to have the option of expressing all logical statements in terms of their models, that is, in terms of the primitive circumstances or elements of experience over which they hold true.

• Let E_past be the chosen set of experiences, or the circumstances in mind under “past experience”.

• Let E_poss be the collective set of experiences, or the prospective total of possible circumstances.

• Let E_pres be the current experience, or the circumstances immediately present to the reasoner.

If we think of the knowledge base K_pres as referring to the “regime of experience” over which it is valid, then the sets of models involved in the analogy may be ordered according to the relationships of set inclusion or logical implication existing among them.

#Peirce #Logic #Semiotics #Semiosis #SignRelations
#JohnDewey #Interpreter #Interpretant #Pragmatism
#Abduction #Deduction #Induction #Analogy #Inquiry

Interpreter and Interpretant • Selection 8
• https://inquiryintoinquiry.com/2025/01/24/interpreter-and-interpretant-selection-8-a/

Transfer —

What exactly gives the acquisition of a knowledge base its distinctively inductive character? It is evidently the “analogy of experience” involved in applying what we've learned in the past to what confronts us in the present.

Whenever we find ourselves approaching a problem with the thought, “If past experience is any guide …” we can be sure the analogy of experience has come into play. We are seeking to find analogies between past experience as a totality and present experience as a point of application.

From a statistical point of view what we mean is this — “If past experience is a fair sample of possible experience then knowledge gained from past experience may usefully apply to present experience”. It is that mechanism which allows a knowledge base to be carried across gulfs of experience which remain indifferent to the effective contents of its rules.

Next we'll examine how the transfer of knowledge through the analogy of experience works out in the case of Dewey's “Sign of Rain” example.

References —

Awbrey, J.L., and Awbrey, S.M. (1995), “Interpretation as Action : The Risk of Inquiry”, Inquiry : Critical Thinking Across the Disciplines 15(1), 40–52.
• https://www.pdcnet.org/inquiryct/content/inquiryct_1995_0015_0001_0040_0052
• https://www.academia.edu/57812482/Interpretation_as_Action_The_Risk_of_Inquiry

Dewey, J. (1910), How We Think, D.C. Heath, Boston, MA. Reprinted (1991), Prometheus Books, Buffalo, NY.
• https://www.gutenberg.org/files/37423/37423-h/37423-h.htm

#Peirce #Logic #Semiotics #Semiosis #SignRelations
#JohnDewey #Interpreter #Interpretant #Pragmatism
#Abduction #Deduction #Induction #Analogy #Inquiry

Interpreter and Interpretant • Selection 7
• https://inquiryintoinquiry.com/2025/01/15/interpreter-and-interpretant-selection-7-a/

Learning —

Rules in a knowledge base, as far as their effective content goes, can be obtained by any mode of inference. For example, consider a proposition of the following form.

• B ⇒ A, Just Before it rains, the Air is cool.

Such a proposition is usually induced from a consideration of many past events. The inductive inference may be observed to fit the following pattern.

• Case : C ⇒ B, In Certain events, it is just Before it rains.
• Fact : C ⇒ A, In Certain events, the Air is cool.
────────────────────────────────────
• Rule : B ⇒ A, Just Before it rains, the Air is cool.

However, the same proposition could also be abduced as an explanation of a singular occurrence or deduced as a conclusion of a prior theory.

References —

Awbrey, J.L., and Awbrey, S.M. (1995), “Interpretation as Action : The Risk of Inquiry”, Inquiry : Critical Thinking Across the Disciplines 15(1), 40–52.
• https://www.pdcnet.org/inquiryct/content/inquiryct_1995_0015_0001_0040_0052
• https://www.academia.edu/57812482/Interpretation_as_Action_The_Risk_of_Inquiry

Dewey, J. (1910), How We Think, D.C. Heath, Boston, MA. Reprinted (1991), Prometheus Books, Buffalo, NY.
• https://www.gutenberg.org/files/37423/37423-h/37423-h.htm

Resources —

Survey of Abduction, Deduction, Induction, Analogy, Inquiry
• https://inquiryintoinquiry.com/2024/02/27/survey-of-abduction-deduction-induction-analogy-inquiry-4/

Survey of Semiotics, Semiosis, Sign Relations
• https://inquiryintoinquiry.com/2024/01/26/survey-of-semiotics-semiosis-sign-relations-5/

#Peirce #Logic #Semiotics #SignRelations #TriadicRelations
#Interpretation #Interpreter #Interpretant #Hermeneutics
#JohnDewey #Inquiry #Abduction #Deduction #Induction
#Abstraction #HypostaticAbstraction #Reflection

Interpreter and Interpretant • Selection 6
• https://inquiryintoinquiry.com/2025/01/13/interpreter-and-interpretant-selection-6-a/

Inquiry and Induction —

To understand the bearing of inductive reasoning on the closing phases of inquiry there are a couple of observations we should make.

• Smaller inquiries are typically woven into larger inquiries, whether the whole pattern of inquiry is carried on by a single agent or by a complex community.

• There are several ways particular instances of inquiry are related to ongoing inquiries at larger scales. Three modes of interaction between component inquiries and compound inquiries may be described under the headings of Learning, Transfer, and Testing of Rules.

#Peirce #Logic #Semiotics #SignRelations #TriadicRelations
#Interpretation #Interpreter #Interpretant #Hermeneutics
#JohnDewey #Inquiry #Abduction #Deduction #Induction
#Abstraction #HypostaticAbstraction #Reflection

New entry of AI-generated #comics and #jokes added to our #website:

Tax #Deduction #Trip

comics.lucentinian.com/3239
#Laughs #LaughWithAI #FunnyNews #VisitUsNow #AIGeneratedJokes

Interpreter and Interpretant • Selection 5
• https://inquiryintoinquiry.com/2025/01/11/interpreter-and-interpretant-selection-5-a/

Inquiry and Inference —

If we follow Dewey's “Sign of Rain” story far enough to consider the import of thought for action, we realize the subsequent conduct of the interpreter, progressing up through the natural conclusion of the episode — the quickening steps, the seeking of shelter in time to escape the rain — all those acts amount to a series of further interpretants for the initially recognized signs of rain and the first impressions of the actual case. Just as critical reflection develops the positive and negative signs which gather about an idea, pragmatic interpretation explores the consequential and contrasting actions which give effective and testable meaning to a person's belief in it.

#Peirce #Logic #Semiotics #SignRelations #TriadicRelations
#Interpretation #Interpreter #Interpretant #Hermeneutics
#JohnDewey #Inquiry #Abduction #Deduction #Induction
#Abstraction #HypostaticAbstraction #Reflection

References —

Dewey, J. (1910), How We Think, D.C. Heath, Boston, MA. Reprinted (1991), Prometheus Books, Buffalo, NY.
• https://www.gutenberg.org/files/37423/37423-h/37423-h.htm

Awbrey, J.L., and Awbrey, S.M. (1995), “Interpretation as Action : The Risk of Inquiry”, Inquiry : Critical Thinking Across the Disciplines 15(1), 40–52.
• https://web.archive.org/web/20001210162300/http://chss.montclair.edu/inquiry/fall95/awbrey.html
• https://www.pdcnet.org/inquiryct/content/inquiryct_1995_0015_0001_0040_0052
• https://www.academia.edu/1266493/Interpretation_as_Action_The_Risk_of_Inquiry
• https://www.academia.edu/57812482/Interpretation_as_Action_The_Risk_of_Inquiry

Resources —

Survey of Inquiry Driven Systems
• https://inquiryintoinquiry.com/2024/02/28/survey-of-inquiry-driven-systems-6/

Survey of Semiotics, Semiosis, Sign Relations
• https://inquiryintoinquiry.com/2024/01/26/survey-of-semiotics-semiosis-sign-relations-5/

#Peirce #Logic #Semiotics #Semiosis #SignRelations #TriadicRelations
#Cybersemiotics #Interpreter #Interpretant #Hermeneutics #Hermenaut
#JohnDewey #HowWeThink #Inquiry #Abduction #Deduction #Induction
#Abstraction #HypostaticAbstraction #Reflection #Interpretation

Interpreter and Interpretant • Selection 4
• https://inquiryintoinquiry.com/2025/01/09/interpreter-and-interpretant-selection-4-a/

Interpretation and Inquiry —

To illustrate the role of sign relations in inquiry we begin with Dewey's elegant and simple example of reflective thinking in everyday life.

❝A man is walking on a warm day. The sky was clear the last time he observed it; but presently he notes, while occupied primarily with other things, that the air is cooler. It occurs to him that it is probably going to rain; looking up, he sees a dark cloud between him and the sun, and he then quickens his steps. What, if anything, in such a situation can be called thought? Neither the act of walking nor the noting of the cold is a thought. Walking is one direction of activity; looking and noting are other modes of activity. The likelihood that it will rain is, however, something suggested. The pedestrian feels the cold; he thinks of clouds and a coming shower.❞ (John Dewey, How We Think, 6–7).

#Peirce #Logic #Semiotics #Semiosis #SignRelations #TriadicRelations
#Cybersemiotics #Interpreter #Interpretant #Hermeneutics #Hermenaut
#JohnDewey #HowWeThink #Inquiry #Abduction #Deduction #Induction
#Abstraction #HypostaticAbstraction #Reflection #Interpretation

Why do we say that induction is stronger than deduction?

It depends, because induction is stronger than deduction in several ways.

Formal strength lies in part in what sort of problem the method can work on. Induction can work on stuff that deduction can't even begin to work on.

Strength of output lies in how well the outcomes tolerate contradiction. An inductive conclusion can withstand quite a bit of contradiction. Deductive outcomes cannot withstand any contradiction at all.

These two are related, though.
An inductive outcome can be formed from input that contains contradictions. And when the outcome encounters a contradiction, this is simply added to the Body of Evidence, with all the other contradictions that in the end didn't manage to prevent conclusion.

Of course, given enough such evidence, a better outcome or set of outcomes can be produced.

But with deduction, if you hit even a single contradiction, your entire effort was wasted - the conclusion is now worthless.

This strength of induction was predicted already by Hume, who described what we now call inductive reasoning as:

• infallible in its operations
• discovers itself at the first appearance of life and thought
• independent of all the laboured deductions of the understanding

@philosophy #deduction #induction

Ok this is my new favorite thing on the internet.
https://murdle.com/

#games #deduction #clues #muuurrrder

Survey of Abduction, Deduction, Induction, Analogy, Inquiry • 4
• http://inquiryintoinquiry.com/2024/02/27/survey-of-abduction-deduction-induction-analogy-inquiry-4/

This is a Survey of blog and wiki posts on three elementary forms of inference, as recognized by a logical tradition extending from Aristotle through Charles S. Peirce. Particular attention is paid to the way these inferential rudiments combine to form the more complex patterns of analogy and inquiry.

Please follow the above link for the full set of resources.
Articles and blog series on the core ideas are linked below.

Project Reports —

Functional Logic • Inquiry and Analogy
• https://oeis.org/wiki/Functional_Logic_%E2%80%A2_Inquiry_and_Analogy

Prospects for Inquiry Driven Systems
• https://oeis.org/wiki/User:Jon_Awbrey/Prospects_for_Inquiry_Driven_Systems

Introduction to Inquiry Driven Systems
• https://oeis.org/wiki/Introduction_to_Inquiry_Driven_Systems

Information = Comprehension × Extension
• https://oeis.org/wiki/Information_%3D_Comprehension_%C3%97_Extension

Inquiry Driven Systems • Inquiry Into Inquiry
• https://oeis.org/wiki/Inquiry_Driven_Systems_%E2%80%A2_Overview

Blog Surveys —

Survey of Inquiry Driven Systems
• https://inquiryintoinquiry.com/2023/04/23/survey-of-inquiry-driven-systems-5/

Survey of Pragmatic Semiotic Information
• https://inquiryintoinquiry.com/2023/07/23/survey-of-pragmatic-semiotic-information-7/

Survey of Theme One Program
• https://inquiryintoinquiry.com/2024/02/26/survey-of-theme-one-program-6/

#Peirce #Logic #Abduction #Deduction #Induction #Analogy #Inquiry
#FunctionalLogic #DifferentialLogic #DynamicsOfInquiry #Semiotics
#InformationEqualsComprehensionTimesExtension #InquiryDrivenSystem

A quotation from Montaigne:

«
No desire is more natural than the desire for #knowledge. We assay all the means that can lead us to it. When #reason fails us we make use of #experience. Experience is a weaker and less dignified means: but #truth is so great a matter that we must not disdain any method that leads us to it.
»

Full quote, sourcing, notes:
https://wist.info/montaigne-michel-de/67401/

#quote #quotes #quotation #deduction #induction #inquiry #truthseeking

A quotation from Montaigne:

«
No desire is more natural than the desire for #knowledge. We assay all the means that can lead us to it. When #reason fails us we make use of #experience. Experience is a weaker and less dignified means: but #truth is so great a matter that we must not disdain any method that leads us to it.
»

Full quote, sourcing, notes:
https://wist.info/montaigne-michel-de/67401/

#quote #quotes #quotation #deduction #induction #inquiry #truthseeking

In the Way of Inquiry • Reconciling Accounts
• https://inquiryintoinquiry.com/2023/01/24/in-the-way-of-inquiry-reconciling-accounts-a/

The Reader may share with the Author a feeling of discontent at this point, attempting to reconcile the formal intentions of this inquiry with the cardinal contentions of experience. Let me try to express the difficulty in the form of a question:

What is the bond between form and content in experience, between the abstract formal categories and the concrete material contents residing in experience?

Once toward the end of my undergrad years a professor asked me how I'd personally define mathematics and I told him I saw it as “the form of experience and the experience of form”. This is not the place to argue for the virtues of that formulation but it does afford me one of the handles I have on the bond between form and content in experience.

I have no more than a tentative way of approaching the question. I take there to be a primitive category of “form‑in‑experience” — I don’t have a handy name for it yet but it looks to have a flexible nature which from the standpoint of a given agent easily passes from the “structure of experience” to the “experience of structure”.

Overview
• https://oeis.org/wiki/Inquiry_Driven_Systems_%E2%80%A2_Overview

Obstacles
• https://oeis.org/wiki/Inquiry_Driven_Systems_%E2%80%A2_Part_5#Obstacles

#Peirce #Inquiry #InquiryIntoInquiry #InquiryDrivenSystems
#Semiotics #SignRelations #Semiositis #ObstaclesToInquiry
#Logic #Abduction #Deduction #Induction #ScientificMethod
#Experience #Expectation #EffectiveDescription #FiniteMeans
#Abstraction #Analogy #Form #Matter #Empiricism #Rationalism
#Concretion #Information #Comprehension #Extension #Intension

In the Way of Inquiry • Material Exigency 2
• https://inquiryintoinquiry.com/2023/01/20/in-the-way-of-inquiry-material-exigency-a/

A turn of events so persistent must have a cause, a force of reason to explain the dynamics of its recurring moment in the history of ideas. The nub of it's not born on the sleeve of its first and last stages, where the initial explosion and the final collapse march along their stubborn course in lockstep fashion, but is embodied more naturally in the middle of the above narrative.

Experience exposes and explodes expectations. How can experiences impact expectations unless the two types of entities are both reflected in one medium, for instance and perhaps without loss of generality, in the form of representation constituting the domain of signs?

However complex its world may be, internal or external to itself or on the boundaries of its being, a finite creature's description of it rests in a finite number of finite terms or a finite sketch of finite lines. Finite terms and lines are signs. What they indicate need not be finite but what they are, must be.

Fragments —

The common sensorium.

The common sense and the senses of “common”.

This is the point where the empirical and the rational meet.

I describe as “empirical” any method which exposes theoretical descriptions of an object to further experience with that object.

Overview
• https://oeis.org/wiki/Inquiry_Driven_Systems_%E2%80%A2_Overview

Obstacles
• https://oeis.org/wiki/Inquiry_Driven_Systems_%E2%80%A2_Part_5#Obstacles

#Peirce #Inquiry #InquiryIntoInquiry #InquiryDrivenSystems
#Semiotics #SignRelations #Semiositis #ObstaclesToInquiry
#Logic #Abduction #Deduction #Induction #ScientificMethod
#Experience #Expectation #EffectiveDescription #FiniteMeans
#Abstraction #Analogy #Form #Matter #Empiricism #Rationalism

In the Way of Inquiry • Material Exigency 1
• https://inquiryintoinquiry.com/2023/01/20/in-the-way-of-inquiry-material-exigency-a/

Our survey of obstacles to inquiry has dealt at length with blocks arising from its formal aspects. On the other hand, I have cast this project as an empirical inquiry, proposing to represent experimental hypotheses in the form of computer programs. At the heart of that empirical attitude is a feeling all formal theories should arise from and bear on experience.

Every season of growth in empirical knowledge begins with a rush to the sources of experience. Every fresh‑thinking reed of intellect is raised to pipe up and chime in with the still‑viable canons of inquiry in one glorious paean to the personal encounter with natural experience.

But real progress in the community of inquiry depends on observers being able to orient themselves to objects of common experience — the uncontrolled exaltation of individual phenomenologies leads as a rule to the disappointment and disillusionment which befalls the lot of unshared enthusiasms and fragmented impressions.

Look again at the end of the season and see it faltering to a close, with every novice scribe rapped on the knuckles for departing from that uninspired identification with impersonal authority which expresses itself in third‑person passive accounts of one's own experience.

Overview
• https://oeis.org/wiki/Inquiry_Driven_Systems_%E2%80%A2_Overview

Obstacles
• https://oeis.org/wiki/Inquiry_Driven_Systems_%E2%80%A2_Part_5#Obstacles

#Peirce #Inquiry #InquiryIntoInquiry #InquiryDrivenSystems
#Semiotics #SignRelations #Semiositis #ObstaclesToInquiry
#Logic #Abduction #Deduction #Induction #ScientificMethod
#Abstraction #Analogy #Form #Matter #Empiricism #Rationalism

In the Way of Inquiry • Formal Apology 4
• https://inquiryintoinquiry.com/2023/01/12/in-the-way-of-inquiry-formal-apology-a/

Interpretive Frameworks —

Iterations of the recombinatorial process generate alternative hierarchies of categories for controlling the explosion of parts in the domain under inquiry. If by some piece of luck an alternative framework is uniquely suited to the natural ontology of the domain in question, it becomes advisable to reorganize the inquiry along the lines of the new topic headings.

But a complex domain seldom falls out that neatly. The new interpretive framework will not preserve all the information in the object domain but typically capture only another aspect of it. To take the maximal advantage of all the different frameworks that might be devised it is best to quit depending on any one of them exclusively. Thus, a rigid reliance on a single hierarchy to define the ontology of a given domain passes over into a flexible application of interpretive frameworks to make contact with particular aspects of one's object domain.

Overview
• https://oeis.org/wiki/Inquiry_Driven_Systems_%E2%80%A2_Overview

Obstacles
• https://oeis.org/wiki/Inquiry_Driven_Systems_%E2%80%A2_Part_5#Obstacles

#Peirce #Inquiry #InquiryIntoInquiry #InquiryDrivenSystems
#Semiotics #SignRelations #Semiositis #ObstaclesToInquiry
#Logic #Abduction #Deduction #Induction #ScientificMethod
#Abstraction #Analogy #Form #Matter #Paradigms #Pragmatics
#Aristotle #Categories #Complexity #InterpretiveFrameworks

In the Way of Inquiry • Formal Apology 3
• https://inquiryintoinquiry.com/2023/01/12/in-the-way-of-inquiry-formal-apology-a/

Explosional Recombinations —

Another obstacle to inquiry is posed by the combinatorial explosion of questions arising in complex cases. The embarrassment of riches found here is deceptively deadly to the ends of inquiry in the very measure it appears so productive at first. An eye to form provides a way to manage the wealth of material diversity by identifying formal similarities among materially distinct domains. It allows the same formal answer to unify a host of concrete questions under a single roof, overall reducing the number of distinct topics that need to be covered.

Overview
• https://oeis.org/wiki/Inquiry_Driven_Systems_%E2%80%A2_Overview

Obstacles
• https://oeis.org/wiki/Inquiry_Driven_Systems_%E2%80%A2_Part_5#Obstacles

#Peirce #Inquiry #InquiryIntoInquiry #InquiryDrivenSystems
#Semiotics #SignRelations #Semiositis #ObstaclesToInquiry
#Logic #Abduction #Deduction #Induction #ScientificMethod
#Abstraction #Form #Isomorphism #Combinatorics #Complexity

In the Way of Inquiry • Formal Apology 2
• https://inquiryintoinquiry.com/2023/01/12/in-the-way-of-inquiry-formal-apology-a/

Conceptual Extensions —

The second use of the formal apology is to permit the tentative extension of concepts to novel areas, giving them experimental trial beyond the cases and domains where their use is already established in the precedents of accustomed habit and successful application.

This works to dispel the “in principle” objection that any category distinction puts a prior constraint on the recognition of similar structure between materially dissimilar domains. It leaves the issue a matter to be settled by after the fact judgment, a matter of what fits best “in practice”.

Overview
• https://oeis.org/wiki/Inquiry_Driven_Systems_%E2%80%A2_Overview

Obstacles
• https://oeis.org/wiki/Inquiry_Driven_Systems_%E2%80%A2_Part_5#Obstacles

#Peirce #Inquiry #InquiryIntoInquiry #InquiryDrivenSystems
#Semiotics #SignRelations #Semiositis #ObstaclesToInquiry
#Logic #Abduction #Deduction #Induction #ScientificMethod
#Abstraction #Analogy #Form #Matter #Paradigms #Pragmatics

In the Way of Inquiry • Formal Apology 1
• https://inquiryintoinquiry.com/2023/01/12/in-the-way-of-inquiry-formal-apology-a/

Using “form” in the sense of abstract structure, the focus of my interest in this investigation is limited to the formal properties of the inquiry process. Among its chief constituents are numbered all the thinking and unthinking processes supporting the ability to learn and to reason. This “formal apology”, the apologetics of declaring a decidedly formal intent, will be used on numerous occasions to beg off a host of material difficulties and thus avoid the perceived necessity of meeting a multitude of conventional controversies.

Category Double‑Takes —

The first use of the formal apology is to rehabilitate certain classes of associations between concepts otherwise marked as category mistakes. The conversion is achieved by flipping from one side of the concept’s dual aspect to the other as the context demands. Thus it is possible in selected cases to reform the characters of category mistakes in the manner of categorical “retakes” or “double‑takes”.

Overview
• https://oeis.org/wiki/Inquiry_Driven_Systems_%E2%80%A2_Overview

Obstacles
• https://oeis.org/wiki/Inquiry_Driven_Systems_%E2%80%A2_Part_5#Obstacles

#Peirce #Inquiry #InquiryIntoInquiry #InquiryDrivenSystems
#Semiotics #SignRelations #Semiositis #ObstaclesToInquiry
#Logic #Abduction #Deduction #Induction #ScientificMethod
#Abstraction #Analogy #Form #Matter #Aristotle #Categories

In the Way of Inquiry • Justification Trap
• https://inquiryintoinquiry.com/2023/01/10/in-the-way-of-inquiry-justification-trap-a/

There is a particular type of “justification trap” a person can fall into, of trying to prove the scientific method by deductive means alone, that is, of trying to show the scientific method is a good method by starting from the simplest possible axioms, principles everyone would accept, about what is good.

Often this happens, despite the fact one really knows better, simply in the process of arranging one's thoughts in a rational order, say, from the most elementary and independent to the most complex and derivative, as if for the sake of a logical and summary exposition. But when does that rearrangement cease to be a rational reconstruction and start to become a destructive rationalization, a distortion of the genuine article, and a falsification of the authentic inquiry it attempts to recount?

Sometimes people express their recognition of this trap and their appreciation of the factor it takes to escape it by saying there is really no such thing as the scientific method, that the very term “scientific method” is a misnomer and does not refer to any uniform method at all. As they see it, the development of knowledge cannot be reduced to any fixed method because it involves in an essential way such a large component of non‑methodical activity. If one's idea of what counts as method is fixed on the ideal of a deductive procedure then it's no surprise one draws that conclusion.

Overview
• https://oeis.org/wiki/Inquiry_Driven_Systems_%E2%80%A2_Overview

Obstacles
• https://oeis.org/wiki/Inquiry_Driven_Systems_%E2%80%A2_Part_5#Obstacles

#Peirce #Inquiry #InquiryIntoInquiry #InquiryDrivenSystems
#Semiotics #SignRelations #Semiositis #ObstaclesToInquiry
#Logic #Abduction #Deduction #Induction #ScientificMethod

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