#troposphere — Public Fediverse posts

https://www.europesays.com/be-fr/108208/ il refroidit la stratosphère, et les scientifiques savent enfin pourquoi #Atome #BE #BEFr #Belgique #Belgium #ChangementClimatique #climat #Climatologie #co2 #GazàEffetDeSerre #infrarouge #Itération #MachineClimatique #Physique #RéchauffementClimatique #RefroidissementDeLaStratosphère #Science #ScienceAndTechnology #Sciences #SciencesEtTechnologies #Stratosphère #SurveillanceDuClimat #Technologies #Technology #Troposphère #UniversitéColumbia #UrgenceClimatique

#AskFedi
Regarding the law that air holds 7% more water per 1°C warming.

Where does it come from? Does it empty the #ocean and lower #sealevel ?
(Water does evaporate from the soil and plants on land as well. But most of the warmer, water-hungry air is over oceans so most of the additional evaporation occurs there.)

Where does it go, all the additional water in the air? Does it fill the whole troposphere or only up to, dunno, 5km or something?
(Water is lighter than the molecules that normally make up the air, O2 and N2. Astonishing to me. But true.)

And also, I can't seem to find a CO2-equivalent global warming potential of tropospheric water vapour. Isn't it a greenhouse gas, too?

Grateful for your input!

This toot was inspired by https://www.theguardian.com/environment/article/2024/jul/15/climate-crisis-making-days-longer-study

#climate #physics #atmosphere #troposphere

#AskFedi
Regarding the law that air holds 7% more water per 1°C warming.

Where does it come from? Does it empty the #ocean and lower #sealevel ?
(Water does evaporate from the soil and plants on land as well. But most of the warmer, water-hungry air is over oceans so most of the additional evaporation occurs there.)

Where does it go, all the additional water in the air? Does it fill the whole troposphere or only up to, dunno, 5km or something?
(Water is lighter than the molecules that normally make up the air, O2 and N2. Astonishing to me. But true.)

And also, I can't seem to find a CO2-equivalent global warming potential of tropospheric water vapour. Isn't it a greenhouse gas, too?

Grateful for your input!

This toot was inspired by https://www.theguardian.com/environment/article/2024/jul/15/climate-crisis-making-days-longer-study

#climate #physics #atmosphere #troposphere

"Such mixing is most prevalent near the tropopause where the sulfur dioxide (SO2) mixing ratios are high. The combination of elevated SO2 and OH levels leads to enhanced sulfuric acid concentrations, promoting particle formation. Such new particle formation occurs frequently and over large geographic regions, representing an important particle source in the midlatitude free #troposphere."

https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adn2961

"Such mixing is most prevalent near the tropopause where the sulfur dioxide (SO2) mixing ratios are high. The combination of elevated SO2 and OH levels leads to enhanced sulfuric acid concentrations, promoting particle formation. Such new particle formation occurs frequently and over large geographic regions, representing an important particle source in the midlatitude free #troposphere."

https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adn2961

#Turbulence Really Is Getting Worse, You're Not Imagining It
While the recent death aboard a Singapore Airlines #flight is probably an outlier, we're in for a bumpy future. How exactly does #climatechange make turbulence worse? Part of it can be attributed to warmer water and more #humidity in air. “We’re adding more fuel to the fire for more #thunderstorms.” It also creates stronger temperature gradient in #troposphere, #atmosphere below the stratosphere where planes fly
https://jalopnik.com/turbulence-really-is-getting-worse-youre-not-just-imag-1851507228

#Turbulence Really Is Getting Worse, You're Not Imagining It
While the recent death aboard a Singapore Airlines #flight is probably an outlier, we're in for a bumpy future. How exactly does #climatechange make turbulence worse? Part of it can be attributed to warmer water and more #humidity in air. “We’re adding more fuel to the fire for more #thunderstorms.” It also creates stronger temperature gradient in #troposphere, #atmosphere below the stratosphere where planes fly
https://jalopnik.com/turbulence-really-is-getting-worse-youre-not-just-imag-1851507228

New Instrument Provides Hourly Measurements of Atmospheric Pollutants [TEMPO, NASA]
--
https://www.earthdata.nasa.gov/learn/articles/tempo-overview <-- shared overview
--
TEMPO - Tropospheric Emissions: Monitoring of POllution
#GIS #spatial #mapping #remotesensing #NorthAmerica #Mexico #Canada #USA #oilsands #tarsands #emissions #earthobservation #pollution #pollutants #troposphere #O3 #NO2 #SO2 #ozone #CFCs #climatechange #ozonelayer #OMPS #JPSS #satellite #monitoring #instrumentation #ESA #TROPOMI #sentinel5 #TEMPO #geostationary #airpollution #GeoAQ #model #modeling #emissions #atmospheric #atmosphere
@nasa

New Instrument Provides Hourly Measurements of Atmospheric Pollutants [TEMPO, NASA]
--
https://www.earthdata.nasa.gov/learn/articles/tempo-overview <-- shared overview
--
TEMPO - Tropospheric Emissions: Monitoring of POllution
#GIS #spatial #mapping #remotesensing #NorthAmerica #Mexico #Canada #USA #oilsands #tarsands #emissions #earthobservation #pollution #pollutants #troposphere #O3 #NO2 #SO2 #ozone #CFCs #climatechange #ozonelayer #OMPS #JPSS #satellite #monitoring #instrumentation #ESA #TROPOMI #sentinel5 #TEMPO #geostationary #airpollution #GeoAQ #model #modeling #emissions #atmospheric #atmosphere
@nasa

New Instrument Provides Hourly Measurements of Atmospheric Pollutants [TEMPO, NASA]
--
https://www.earthdata.nasa.gov/learn/articles/tempo-overview <-- shared overview
--
TEMPO - Tropospheric Emissions: Monitoring of POllution
#GIS #spatial #mapping #remotesensing #NorthAmerica #Mexico #Canada #USA #oilsands #tarsands #emissions #earthobservation #pollution #pollutants #troposphere #O3 #NO2 #SO2 #ozone #CFCs #climatechange #ozonelayer #OMPS #JPSS #satellite #monitoring #instrumentation #ESA #TROPOMI #sentinel5 #TEMPO #geostationary #airpollution #GeoAQ #model #modeling #emissions #atmospheric #atmosphere
@nasa

New Instrument Provides Hourly Measurements of Atmospheric Pollutants [TEMPO, NASA]
--
https://www.earthdata.nasa.gov/learn/articles/tempo-overview <-- shared overview
--
TEMPO - Tropospheric Emissions: Monitoring of POllution
#GIS #spatial #mapping #remotesensing #NorthAmerica #Mexico #Canada #USA #oilsands #tarsands #emissions #earthobservation #pollution #pollutants #troposphere #O3 #NO2 #SO2 #ozone #CFCs #climatechange #ozonelayer #OMPS #JPSS #satellite #monitoring #instrumentation #ESA #TROPOMI #sentinel5 #TEMPO #geostationary #airpollution #GeoAQ #model #modeling #emissions #atmospheric #atmosphere
@nasa

New Instrument Provides Hourly Measurements of Atmospheric Pollutants [TEMPO, NASA]
--
https://www.earthdata.nasa.gov/learn/articles/tempo-overview <-- shared overview
--
TEMPO - Tropospheric Emissions: Monitoring of POllution
#GIS #spatial #mapping #remotesensing #NorthAmerica #Mexico #Canada #USA #oilsands #tarsands #emissions #earthobservation #pollution #pollutants #troposphere #O3 #NO2 #SO2 #ozone #CFCs #climatechange #ozonelayer #OMPS #JPSS #satellite #monitoring #instrumentation #ESA #TROPOMI #sentinel5 #TEMPO #geostationary #airpollution #GeoAQ #model #modeling #emissions #atmospheric #atmosphere
@nasa

Eighty-five percent of the #Earth’s air resides in the lowest layer of its #atmosphere, or #troposphere. Yet, major gaps remain in our understanding of the #atmospheric #chemistry that drives changes in the troposphere’s composition.
#EarthScience #Environmental #sflorg
https://www.sflorg.com/2024/03/es03052403.html

Eighty-five percent of the #Earth’s air resides in the lowest layer of its #atmosphere, or #troposphere. Yet, major gaps remain in our understanding of the #atmospheric #chemistry that drives changes in the troposphere’s composition.
#EarthScience #Environmental #sflorg
https://www.sflorg.com/2024/03/es03052403.html

Led by scientists at The Ohio State University, the study showed that oxygen-stable isotope records stored in #tropical #mountain #glacier ice cores can be used to provide scientists with a distinct #paleoclimate history of the planet’s middle and upper #troposphere.
#EarthScience #Environmental #ClimateChange #sflorg
https://www.sflorg.com/2023/12/es12142302.html

Led by scientists at The Ohio State University, the study showed that oxygen-stable isotope records stored in #tropical #mountain #glacier ice cores can be used to provide scientists with a distinct #paleoclimate history of the planet’s middle and upper #troposphere.
#EarthScience #Environmental #ClimateChange #sflorg
https://www.sflorg.com/2023/12/es12142302.html

.> Physics tells us that if the Sun were causing global warming—as some skeptics continue to insist—we’d expect both the troposphere and the stratosphere to warm, as heat comes into the atmosphere from outer space. But if the warming is caused by green house gases emitted at the surface and largely trapped in the lower atmosphere, then we expect the troposphere to warm, but the stratosphere to cool...
.> Santer and his colleagues have shown that the troposphere is warming and the stratosphere is cooling. In fact, because the boundary between these two atmospheric layers is in part defined by temperature, that boundary is now moving upward. In other words, the whole structure of our atmosphere is changing.

.> Physics tells us that if the Sun were causing global warming—as some skeptics continue to insist—we’d expect both the troposphere and the stratosphere to warm, as heat comes into the atmosphere from outer space. But if the warming is caused by green house gases emitted at the surface and largely trapped in the lower atmosphere, then we expect the troposphere to warm, but the stratosphere to cool...
.> Santer and his colleagues have shown that the troposphere is warming and the stratosphere is cooling. In fact, because the boundary between these two atmospheric layers is in part defined by temperature, that boundary is now moving upward. In other words, the whole structure of our atmosphere is changing.

> Physics tells us that if the Sun were causing#GlobalWarming—as some skeptics continue to insist—we’d expect both the troposphere and the stratosphere to warm, as heat comes into the atmosphere from outer space. But if the warming is caused by green house gases emitted at the surface and largely trapped in the lower atmosphere, then we expect the #troposphere to warm, but the #stratosphere to cool..
https://truthout.org/articles/merchants-of-doubt-how-a-handful-of-scientists-obscured-the-truth-on-issues-from-tobacco-smoke-to-global-warming/
#BenSanter #NaomiOreskes #SolarClimateChange #IndustrialClimateChange

Radio propagation:

Strong to very strong tropospheric conditions are continuing to affect N and NW Europe as a high pressure establishes over the region.

See the alt-text for more details of what the maps show.

Live propagation maps: https://www.tvcomm.co.uk/g7izu

#RadioPropagation
#ShipAIS
#AIS
#Troposphere #AmateurRadio

Radio propagation:

Strong to very strong tropospheric conditions are continuing to affect N and NW Europe as a high pressure establishes over the region.

See the alt-text for more details of what the maps show.

Live propagation maps: https://www.tvcomm.co.uk/g7izu

#RadioPropagation
#ShipAIS
#AIS
#Troposphere #AmateurRadio

…high-altitude #microplastics cloud influence cloud formation and, in turn, might modify the climate," the authors write.
Considering that more than 10 million tons of plastic will be dumped into the ocean from land every year, it is perhaps unsurprising that the scientists found most of the #airbornemicroplastics originated from the ocean, are discovered in cloud water both in the atmospheric boundary layer and in the free #troposphere.

https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10311-023-01626-x

"According to the study, cooling in the middle and upper #stratosphere is a consequence of human-caused increases in #GreenhouseGases, which cause heat to be retained more effectively in the #troposphere, the lowest level of the atmosphere.

The temperature changes in the stratosphere were 12 to 15 times greater than what could have been caused by nature."

#ClimateChange
https://newsroom.ucla.edu/releases/stratospheric-cooling-vertical-fingerprinting

"According to the study, cooling in the middle and upper #stratosphere is a consequence of human-caused increases in #GreenhouseGases, which cause heat to be retained more effectively in the #troposphere, the lowest level of the atmosphere.

The temperature changes in the stratosphere were 12 to 15 times greater than what could have been caused by nature."

#ClimateChange
https://newsroom.ucla.edu/releases/stratospheric-cooling-vertical-fingerprinting

"From below, these distant zones appear as placid and pristine blue sky. But in fact, they are buffeted by high winds and huge tides of rising and descending air that occasionally invade our #troposphere. And the concern is that this already dynamic environment could change again as it is infiltrated by #CO2 and other human-made chemicals that mess with the temperature, density, and chemistry of the air aloft."

https://e360.yale.edu/features/climate-change-upper-atmosphere-cooling

"From below, these distant zones appear as placid and pristine blue sky. But in fact, they are buffeted by high winds and huge tides of rising and descending air that occasionally invade our #troposphere. And the concern is that this already dynamic environment could change again as it is infiltrated by #CO2 and other human-made chemicals that mess with the temperature, density, and chemistry of the air aloft."

https://e360.yale.edu/features/climate-change-upper-atmosphere-cooling

Planned Satellite – TEMPO – Tropospheric Emissions – Monitoring Of Pollution
--
https://tempo.si.edu/ <-- Smithsonian Astrophysical page
--
https://weather.ndc.nasa.gov/tempo/ <-- NASA page
--
#GIS #spatial #mapping #remotesensing #earthobservation #satellite #gischat #TEMPO #tropospheric #emissions #monitoring #pollution #communications #water #cloud #quality #chemistry #solar #Intelsat40e #geostationary #launch #april2023 #NorthAmerica #geospatial #FoR #spectrometer #multispectral #ozone #airpollution #measurement #monitoring #nitrogendioxide #sulfurdioxide #formaldehyde #glyoxal #UVB #troposphere #stratosphere #spatiotemporal #observations #airquality #NASA #Smithsonian

Planned Satellite – TEMPO – Tropospheric Emissions – Monitoring Of Pollution
--
https://tempo.si.edu/ <-- Smithsonian Astrophysical page
--
https://weather.ndc.nasa.gov/tempo/ <-- NASA page
--
#GIS #spatial #mapping #remotesensing #earthobservation #satellite #gischat #TEMPO #tropospheric #emissions #monitoring #pollution #communications #water #cloud #quality #chemistry #solar #Intelsat40e #geostationary #launch #april2023 #NorthAmerica #geospatial #FoR #spectrometer #multispectral #ozone #airpollution #measurement #monitoring #nitrogendioxide #sulfurdioxide #formaldehyde #glyoxal #UVB #troposphere #stratosphere #spatiotemporal #observations #airquality #NASA #Smithsonian

Planned Satellite – TEMPO – Tropospheric Emissions – Monitoring Of Pollution
--
https://tempo.si.edu/ <-- Smithsonian Astrophysical page
--
https://weather.ndc.nasa.gov/tempo/ <-- NASA page
--
#GIS #spatial #mapping #remotesensing #earthobservation #satellite #gischat #TEMPO #tropospheric #emissions #monitoring #pollution #communications #water #cloud #quality #chemistry #solar #Intelsat40e #geostationary #launch #april2023 #NorthAmerica #geospatial #FoR #spectrometer #multispectral #ozone #airpollution #measurement #monitoring #nitrogendioxide #sulfurdioxide #formaldehyde #glyoxal #UVB #troposphere #stratosphere #spatiotemporal #observations #airquality #NASA #Smithsonian

Planned Satellite – TEMPO – Tropospheric Emissions – Monitoring Of Pollution
--
https://tempo.si.edu/ <-- Smithsonian Astrophysical page
--
https://weather.ndc.nasa.gov/tempo/ <-- NASA page
--
#GIS #spatial #mapping #remotesensing #earthobservation #satellite #gischat #TEMPO #tropospheric #emissions #monitoring #pollution #communications #water #cloud #quality #chemistry #solar #Intelsat40e #geostationary #launch #april2023 #NorthAmerica #geospatial #FoR #spectrometer #multispectral #ozone #airpollution #measurement #monitoring #nitrogendioxide #sulfurdioxide #formaldehyde #glyoxal #UVB #troposphere #stratosphere #spatiotemporal #observations #airquality #NASA #Smithsonian

Planned Satellite – TEMPO – Tropospheric Emissions – Monitoring Of Pollution
--
https://tempo.si.edu/ <-- Smithsonian Astrophysical page
--
https://weather.ndc.nasa.gov/tempo/ <-- NASA page
--
#GIS #spatial #mapping #remotesensing #earthobservation #satellite #gischat #TEMPO #tropospheric #emissions #monitoring #pollution #communications #water #cloud #quality #chemistry #solar #Intelsat40e #geostationary #launch #april2023 #NorthAmerica #geospatial #FoR #spectrometer #multispectral #ozone #airpollution #measurement #monitoring #nitrogendioxide #sulfurdioxide #formaldehyde #glyoxal #UVB #troposphere #stratosphere #spatiotemporal #observations #airquality #NASA #Smithsonian

"tropical upper #troposphere has already warmed about 1 K during the first two decades of the 21st century... extends into the lower stratosphere in the tropics and southern hemisphere mid-latitudes, forming a prominent hemispheric asymmetry"

Really interesting by Ladstädter et al on #ScienceMagic that is #RadioOccultation with #GNSS :results hint at changing circulation of the stratosphere

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-023-28222-x

HT @SkepticalScience !

"tropical upper #troposphere has already warmed about 1 K during the first two decades of the 21st century... extends into the lower stratosphere in the tropics and southern hemisphere mid-latitudes, forming a prominent hemispheric asymmetry"

Really interesting by Ladstädter et al on #ScienceMagic that is #RadioOccultation with #GNSS :results hint at changing circulation of the stratosphere

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-023-28222-x

HT @SkepticalScience !

"tropical upper #troposphere has already warmed about 1 K during the first two decades of the 21st century... extends into the lower stratosphere in the tropics and southern hemisphere mid-latitudes, forming a prominent hemispheric asymmetry"

Really interesting by Ladstädter et al on #ScienceMagic that is #RadioOccultation with #GNSS :results hint at changing circulation of the stratosphere

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-023-28222-x

HT @SkepticalScience !

"tropical upper #troposphere has already warmed about 1 K during the first two decades of the 21st century... extends into the lower stratosphere in the tropics and southern hemisphere mid-latitudes, forming a prominent hemispheric asymmetry"

Really interesting by Ladstädter et al on #ScienceMagic that is #RadioOccultation with #GNSS :results hint at changing circulation of the stratosphere

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-023-28222-x

HT @SkepticalScience !

"tropical upper #troposphere has already warmed about 1 K during the first two decades of the 21st century... extends into the lower stratosphere in the tropics and southern hemisphere mid-latitudes, forming a prominent hemispheric asymmetry"

Really interesting by Ladstädter et al on #ScienceMagic that is #RadioOccultation with #GNSS :results hint at changing circulation of the stratosphere

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-023-28222-x

HT @SkepticalScience !

Intense convective activity in the lee-side of the Andes mountains. This is northern #Patagonia in the middle of the summer, with so much #dust in this intense convection, it is one of the mechanisms by which surface dust can reach the mid and upper #troposphere in the Southern Hemisphere.

The north edge of these clouds is south of the tip of southern Africa , so dust injected by them can potentially travel +6000km til reaching surface.

#biogeochemicalcycles #geochemistry
#paleoclimate

Intense convective activity in the lee-side of the Andes mountains. This is northern #Patagonia in the middle of the summer, with so much #dust in this intense convection, it is one of the mechanisms by which surface dust can reach the mid and upper #troposphere in the Southern Hemisphere.

The north edge of these clouds is south of the tip of southern Africa , so dust injected by them can potentially travel +6000km til reaching surface.

#biogeochemicalcycles #geochemistry
#paleoclimate

For those wondering today why locating a #CO2 observational #station on a flank of an active #MaunaLoa volcano:
1. It is remote from major pollution sources and located at a hight of 3.4 km above sea level - a perfect spot for sampling background air in the well mixed free #troposphere.
2. It is easily accessible and has a good local infrastructure.
3. It is also the longest #record of #volcanic CO2 observations.
A win-win situation for #science 😀

For those wondering today why locating a #CO2 observational #station on a flank of an active #MaunaLoa volcano:
1. It is remote from major pollution sources and located at a hight of 3.4 km above sea level - a perfect spot for sampling background air in the well mixed free #troposphere.
2. It is easily accessible and has a good local infrastructure.
3. It is also the longest #record of #volcanic CO2 observations.
A win-win situation for #science 😀