#so2 — Public Fediverse posts

#climate #volcano #VolcanicEruption #emissions #so2

Original open access article

Marshall et al. Clim. Past, 21, 161–184, 2025

Last-millennium volcanic forcing and climate response using SO2 emissions

https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-21-161-2025

Wat tonen de satellietbeelden van vandaag? #cams #fijnstof #so2 #zwaveldioxide #O3 #ozon #no2 #stikstofdioxide

A new study connects recent regionally confined warming in China 2010ff to their strive for healthy air by scrubbing SO2 from their coal chimneys. *

In other news, India is lambasted by a politician for excluding most of their coal chimneys from SO2 scrubbing regulation. **

And here's a curious side effect of acid rain from SO2:
it reduces CO2 emissions from soil 💡
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0341816221005725 "Acid rain reduces soil CO2 emission and promotes soil organic carbon accumulation in association with decreasing the biomass and biological activity of ecosystems: A meta-analysis" by Ziqiang Liu et al 2022

So when large areas simultaneously get rid of SO2 pollution
, CO2 emissions start to rise noticeably? Europe's SO2 reduction was fastest, USA is her typical laggard, and China began 2010ff and is now already on par with a mid-1990s Europe, much faster than USA.

My musings:
I guess, it means, once the soil removes the acid, CO2 emissions start to rise.
AFAIK, acid removal is no automatism in forest soil but I can imagine, removal from agricultural land happens automatically bit by bit during subsequent harvests? (Yum!)

Germany distributed chalk or something to her forest soils to counter the acidification and to rescue dying forests.

But. Plants and other beings suffer during acidification. And when forests recover they raise their carbon uptake. Crop yields also recover when the soil does, I reckon. (Indeed! see *** and pic 2, and also ****. Now I wonder whether the elsewhere celebrated yield gains are more due to cleaner air than genetical engineering and pesticides!)

Maybe, CO2 emissions from soil are balanced out by increased carbon uptake from healthier beings.
Does the paper say anything about all these musings?

"Overall, the responses of soil GHGs emissions to acid rain vary across different ecosystems, climates, soil types and experimental duration, and thus no consensus has emerged yet" 😁

* "East Asian aerosol cleanup has likely contributed to the recent acceleration in global warming" by Samset et al https://www.nature.com/articles/s43247-025-02527-3
A Conversation piece by the authors: https://theconversation.com/cleaner-air-in-east-asia-may-have-driven-recent-acceleration-in-global-warming-our-new-study-indicates-260601

** "‘Faulty premises’: Jairam Ramesh slams govt after it eases SO2 emission norms" https://theprint.in/india/faulty-premises-jairam-ramesh-slams-govt-after-it-eases-so2-emission-norms/2688855/

*** "The negative effects of simulated acid rain on maize physiology, grain quality and yield in a field trial" by Jidong Liao et al, 2025 https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1309104224003477

**** "More Power Generation, More Wheat Losses? Evidence from Wheat Productivity in North China" by Fujin Yi et al 2024 .
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10640-024-00841-6

#SO2 #AcidRain #SoilBiodiversity #soil #carbonUptake #CO2 #greenhousegases #agriculture #forest #cropyield #ClimateChange

@rmounce However Ross. I'm believing that #SO2 might be one of the Most sustainable routes to #OpenAccess.

I'm really critical of Diamond Open Access as "The Route" for what I've seen in #Latinamerica

SciTech Chronicles. . . . . . . . .Mar 19th, 2025

https://bit.ly/stc031925

#Anchorage #CO2 #SO2 #magma #Nylon-6,6 #fermentation #Electrochemistry #Biorenewable #Bedmap3 #fast-warming #flow #sea-level #aquifers #Seismometers #uplift #subsidence #MTZ #subduction #ringwoodite #wadsleyite

SciTech Chronicles. . . . . . . . .Mar 19th, 2025

https://bit.ly/stc031925

#Anchorage #CO2 #SO2 #magma #Nylon-6,6 #fermentation #Electrochemistry #Biorenewable #Bedmap3 #fast-warming #flow #sea-level #aquifers #Seismometers #uplift #subsidence #MTZ #subduction #ringwoodite #wadsleyite

Due to acid rain, countries lowered SO2 emissions from industry and power plants. But SO2 is also a coolant via cloud-seeding aerosols. See Glen Peters' tweet: globally -0.5°C from 2010-2019. A very short lifetime of mere days means, SO2 molecules cool only locally, while methane and CO2 heat all.

SO2 is emitted by burning coal and ship fuel, & in #volcanism.
The other major coolant NOx, also short-lived with regional not global direct forcing, is emitted by burning fossil fuels eg in cars, and lightening storms & biomass burning.
So when our emissions drop, local heating goes up: " #TerminationShock".

When I say "local heating goes up", I should add that via wind and land-atmosphere and ocean-atmosphere interaction, this local heating also has global repercussions. Eg., wind drives the warm-er air parcel across the globe. So a warmer China and Japan who ditched SO2 and NOx, also heat the #Pacific.

Lowering SO2 and NOx while N2O (fertilizer), CH4 and CO2 emissions still rise is rather stupid.
#climate #climateChange #methane #SO2 #NOx #atmosphere #ocean

There is a company launching #balloons into the stratosphere to release #SulphurDioxide (#SO2) to reflect sunlight and stop #climateChange

You can sponsor a balloon on their website

https://makesunsets.com/products/join-the-next-balloon-launch-and-cool-the-planet

#globalWarming #co2 #weather #extremeWeather #climateCrisis #whatCouldGoWrong #climateSolutions

New Instrument Provides Hourly Measurements of Atmospheric Pollutants [TEMPO, NASA]
--
https://www.earthdata.nasa.gov/learn/articles/tempo-overview <-- shared overview
--
TEMPO - Tropospheric Emissions: Monitoring of POllution
#GIS #spatial #mapping #remotesensing #NorthAmerica #Mexico #Canada #USA #oilsands #tarsands #emissions #earthobservation #pollution #pollutants #troposphere #O3 #NO2 #SO2 #ozone #CFCs #climatechange #ozonelayer #OMPS #JPSS #satellite #monitoring #instrumentation #ESA #TROPOMI #sentinel5 #TEMPO #geostationary #airpollution #GeoAQ #model #modeling #emissions #atmospheric #atmosphere
@nasa

I looked at North #Atlantic SST monthly growth rates along the shipping routes in 2degree longitude bands to investigate some more what occurred in crazy 2023 – for which less #SO2 from shipping is made out as THE culprit by some people.

The chronology in Chart 1 shows that 2023 wasn't a singularity: 2017-2018 looks similar. 1994-1995 as well, but with the highest growth rates in Center-West longitudes since 1986. So 2023-2024 might just be such a freak occurrence like the other two. They lasted from October to September 1994-1995, and from August to May 2016-2017. The 2023 freak started in June, so might last to May? We’ll see. But I don't see how shipping SO2 should be THE culprit. 🤔

Chart2 is sorted on months. When you mentally divide the columns in 3 groups, West-Center-East, and evaluate the variation between dark and orange in the groups, it appears that the winter months December - February in Center and East gained in variability since 2008, while summer months June-September lost variability 2016ff (or 2011ff for July only).

See text shot for more info on what the charts show. Data: https://coastwatch.noaa.gov
#climate2023 #ClimateCrisis

Salts of Protonated Sulfur Dioxide Synthesized:
Elusive hemi- and monoprotonated SO2 cations isolated as Sb2F11− salts

https://www.chemistryviews.org/salts-of-protonated-sulfur-dioxide-synthesized/

#chemistry #chemistryviews #chemviews #research #so2

Someone had the idea that less SO2 has reduced rain in Cote d'Ivoire and reduced cocoa harvest. Fascinating! So I plotted #GRACE surface moisture % and #SO2 by #CAMS for the rectangle -8°E to 0°E, 4°N to10°N . Chose this rectangle bc I had planned to also use GHCN precipitation data from stations in the country. But it turns out their reporting is ... spotty – and that's putting it very politely😁

SO2 total column 🤎 data goes to Dec 2022. #NASAGRACE drought monitor for surface moisture 💙 goes to Feb2024. According to https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theobroma_cacao , cocoa trees are sensitive to surface soil moisture. But no harvest month is stated which wd have been interesting to know here.

I see no correlation between GRACE and SO2. Do you?
What's more, I also don't see a big drought that would explain the low cocoa harvest. Also what little GHCN precipitation data there is even suggests higher than average rainfall for the years 2019-2023. Ah well. Mabye it was pests that killed the harvest?

#chocolate #ClimateChange #cocoa
data:
NASA GRACE drought monitor:
https://nasagrace.unl.edu/globaldata/
CAMS SO2 total column monthly:
https://ads.atmosphere.copernicus.eu/cdsapp#!/dataset/cams-global-reanalysis-eac4-monthly
GHCN /byStation:
https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/ghcn/daily/ Ivory Coast station names begin with IV

#Air quality in #Valencia today is poor, due to particulate matter pollution, but the #SO2, #NO2 and #O3 levels seem to be ok. What does this mean, then? Is this another cloud of Saharan dust? If it were due to combustion, those other pollutants' levels would surely be elevated, no?

Off to watch the last three eps of #Loki #So2! Pray for me...

@Andy_Scollick and if it were not, paradoxically, for #FossilFuels pollution releasing sulfur dioxide #SO2 into the atmosphere, we already would have reached 1.5 C of average global warming. The presence of #SulfurDioxide in the atmosphere has had a net calling effect of 0.3 C.

Here is a pic posted by the Icelandic Met Office of the newly installed remote sensing SO2 detectors/cameras, one of which detected SO2 yesterday and triggered an evacuation of Grindavík, while residents were being allowed to enter to collect essential belongings.

#Iceland #DOAS #SO2
13/n

According to geology professor Shawn Willsey, in Grindavik today, they detected SO2 - a volcanic gas.

It doesn’t mean the eruption’s imminent, especially since the most violent of the magma intrusive processes (e.g., the earthquakes and ground cracks) along the dike have subsided, so it’s not pushing upward so forcefully. But at this point, it is believed that the magma’s maybe 1/2-mile beneath the surface.

#volcano #volcanology #magma #iceland #grindavik #so2 #SulfurDioxide

How do these SO2 detectors work?
Interestingly, they work along similar principles used to detect molecules in stars and exoplanets!
The spectrum of sunlight traveling through air is examined using a Differential Optical Absorption Spectrometer (DOAS). SO2 causes absorption of certain wavelengths (around 310/320 nm); dips at these wavelengths can be detected and measured.
Can work across large distances. Requires sunlight.
See example below.

https://resonance.on.ca/gcso2%20gas%20camera%20brochure.htm
#Iceland #DOAS #SO2
12/n

Ibahagi ang inyong kuwento, larawan, o bidyo sa Bayan Mo, Ipatrol Mo Facebook page o sa [email protected].

Basahin ang kaugnay na ulat: https://news.abs-cbn.com/news/11/09/23/taal-volcano-emits-sulfur-dioxide-anew-may-trigger-vog-phivolcs

#TaalVolcano
#BulkangTaal
#PHIVOLCS
#SO2
#BMPM

Ibahagi ang inyong kuwento, larawan, o bidyo sa Bayan Mo, Ipatrol Mo Facebook page o sa [email protected]

#TaalVolcano
#BulkangTaal
#PHIVOLCS
#SO2
#BMPM

Manatiling ligtas at alerto, Kapamilya!

Nakapagtala ng pinakamataas na sulfur dioxide o #SO2 emission ang #BulkangTaal para sa buong taon ngayong araw, Nobyembre 9. Base sa obserbasyon, walang nakikitang volcanic smog o vog sa bulkan.

Nananatili sa Alert Level 1 ang Bulkang Taal. Ayon sa #PHIVOLCS, ang bulkan ay may “abnormal condition and should not be interpreted to have ceased unrest nor ceased the threat of eruptive activity.”

#TaalVolcano
#BMPM

On a daily basis, the Copernicus Sentinel5-P monitors a wide range of atmospheric gases, such as Nitrogen Dioxide #NO2, Sulphur Dioxide #SO2 or Methane #CH4
More at https://sentinels.copernicus.eu/web/sentinel/missions/sentinel-5p

#Sentinel5P average values for the tropospheric concentration of NO₂ for Aug.-Sept. 2023

(I could not find their presence on Mastodon, so I've cross-posted this from their other social media accounts)

RT by @defis_eu: On a daily basis, our #Copernicus Sentinel5-P monitors a wide range of atmospheric gases, such as Nitrogen Dioxide #NO2, Sulphur Dioxide #SO2 or Methane #CH4
More at https://sentinels.copernicus.eu/web/sentinel/missions/sentinel-5p

#Sentinel5P average values for the tropospheric concentration of NO₂ for Aug.-Sept. 2023

🐦🔗: https://nitter.cz/CopernicusEU/status/1713500886251536587#m

[2023-10-15 10:23 UTC]

@gdeihl

Geoffrey Deihl
Stratospheric Aerosol Injection: Earth’s Last Chance Dance?

"As a non-scientist, I can’t give an opinion about when to deploy this technology [stratospheric aerosol injection (SAI)]. I certainly don’t want to see the situation come to that. I can say with confidence, however, every day brings us closer to taking this risky path..."

With dire consequences

https://geoffreydeihl.substack.com/p/stratospheric-aerosol-injection-earths

#SAI #SRM #SO2 #ClimateEmergency #SolarRadiation #atmosphere #emissions #stratosphere

Eskom’s retrofit plan only realizes one quarter of the health benefits associated with compliance with South Africa's Minimum Emissions Standards (MES), due to the almost complete failure to address #SO2 #emissions.

📢 🇿🇦 NEW
CREA report finds Eskom's failure to comply with #SouthAfrica's emission standards for #coal power plants would cause 34,000 deaths & health costs of USD 32 bn.
⚠️ #Eskom is now largest power sector emitter of #SO2 in the world, surpassing retrofitted Chinese utilities. 👇

Sulfur dioxide (#SO2) emission rates of approximately 120,000 tonnes per day (t/d) were measured on December 4, 2022, and remain elevated at this time even in #NewMexico

The International Volcanic Health Hazard Network has detailed information about vog: https://vog.ivhhn.org/

#MaunaLoa
#AirQuality

🔟 From these exquisite-precision data, we can identify many different species with a very high significance:
✅ #sodium (#Na)
✅ #potassium (#K)
✅ #water (#H2O)
✅ #hydrogen #sulfide (#H2S)
✅ #carbon #dioxide (#CO2)
✅ #methane (#CH4)
✅ #carbon #monoxide (#CO)
✅ #sulfur #dioxide (#SO2)

(with just one transit)

#Astronomy #exoplanet #JWST