#jim-crow-laws — Public Fediverse posts

The few democrats that exist in the Tennessee legislature were removed from their committees for protesting against the corruption, the hostile takeover, and obvious racism and transphobia by their colleagues. Tennessee is a Jim Crow state.

Tennessee just signed into law the TRANS DATA COLLECTION bill.

If you spend your money in Tennessee, you are funding the hate.

https://fox17.com/news/local/tennessee-democrats-removed-from-house-committees-following-special-session-disruptions

#tennessee_is_fascist_as_fuck #boycotTennessee #jimcrow #jimcrowlaws #transphobia #homophobia #racism #oppression #EndOppression #suppression

#lgbt #lgbt2sqia #HistoriaLGBT #trans #transrights_are_human_rights #transgenderHealthcare #queer #queerrights #qpoc

Steffi Love and Namor discuss W. E. B. Du Bois' "The Souls of Black Folk." #blackauthor #blackauthors #webdubois #bookdiscussion #discussion #blm #blacklivesmatter #civilrights #discrimination #enddiscrimination #endracism #racism #systemicracism #endsystemicracism #doubleconsciousness #jimcrow #jimcrowlaws #segregation #racialinjustice #marchforcivilrights #equality #identity #psychologicalconflict #racismiswrong #doll #dolls #dollcollector #dollcollectors #dollphotographer

History school books History school books
in the U.S. in the rest of the world

#uspol #politics #segregation #JimCrow #JimCrowLaws #Project2025 #MAGA #TrumpAdministration #TrumpAdministration2025 #SecondTrumpadministration #Trump #DonaldTrump #LindaMcMahon #DepartmentOfEducation #Pseudohistory #HistoricalNegationism #HistoricalDenialism #EpsteinFilesRelease #EpsteinCoverup

From 2019: On #WillemVanSpronsen’s Action against the #NorthwestDetentionCenter in #TacomaWashington

Including the Full Text of His Final Statement

2019-07-14

Excerpt: "On July 13, Willem Van Spronsen was killed by police while apparently taking action to disable the fleet of buses that serve the Northwest Detention Center, a private immigration detainment facility. His final statement, reproduced below, conveys that he was acting in response to the continuous raids and deportations carried out by Immigration Customs and Enforcement (ICE). His action occurred on the one-year anniversary of a hunger strike inside the Northwest Detention Center and an encampment outside. You can read a list of other acts of resistance that have occurred inside the Northwest Detention Center here.

"We understand why Willem Van Spronsen decided to give his life to interrupt the violence that is perpetrated against undocumented people in the United States every day.

"It is not hyperbole to say that the #ICERaids are targeting our friends and neighbors, people who have lived and worked alongside us for years or even decades. The vulnerability of long-term undocumented people as a hyper-exploitable class has helped billionaires like #DonaldTrump to profit even more than they could have by legal means. To put the icing on the cake, #capitalists then turn to the other workers they are exploiting and tell them that the poverty and misfortunes they experience are the fault of those who are poorer and more oppressed than them. It’s hard to imagine a more cynical strategy.

"The disparity in rights between the documented and undocumented is a construct—just as the disparity in value that the #Nazis constructed between Jewish people and gentiles was a construct. Both are mere inventions; they have no intrinsic existence except as a means for a powerful group to justify violence against a less powerful group. Those who justify obedience to the law as a good in itself stand alongside the Nazis whose laws condemned millions to the death camps, not to mention the racists who passed the #FugitiveSlaveAct and the #JimCrowLaws in the American South.

"Laws are just constructs. They have no value in and of themselves. They often serve to legitimize injustice that people would otherwise take action to oppose.

"The further that the proponents of racist violence are permitted to legitimize invented concepts like slavery and citizenship, the more violence they will perpetrate—up to and including roundups, concentration camps, and mass extermination. We have seen this before, in Nazi Germany and elsewhere, and we are seeing it again today in the United States. The thousands of deaths that take place in the borderlands and the thousands murdered by police are just a foretaste of what is possible."

Read more:
https://crimethinc.com/2019/07/14/on-willem-van-spronsens-action-against-the-northwest-detention-center-in-tacoma-including-the-full-text-of-his-final-statement

#ResistICE #ICEKidnappings #ICESucks #USPol #Authoritarianism #Fascism #TrumpSucks

What Is A #PollTax? Definition and Examples

By Robert Longley, July 27, 2022

Excerpt: "In the United States, the origin of the poll tax—and the controversy surrounding it—is associated with the agrarian unrest of the 1880s and 1890s, which culminated in the rise of the Populist Party in the Western and the Southern states. The Populists, representing low-income farmers, gave Democrats in these areas the only serious competition that they had experienced since the end of Reconstruction. The competition led both parties to see the need to attract Black citizens back into politics and to compete for their vote. As the Democrats defeated the Populists, they amended their state constitutions or drafted new ones to include various discriminatory disfranchising devices. When the payment of the poll tax was made a prerequisite to voting, impoverished #BlackPeople and often #PoorWhitePeople, unable to afford the tax, were denied the #RightToVote.

"During the post-Civil War Reconstruction Era in the United States, the former states of the Confederacy repurposed the poll tax explicitly to prevent formerly enslaved #BlackAmericans from voting. Although the #14thAmendment and #15thAmendment [s] gave Black men full #citizenship and #VotingRights, the power to determine what constituted a qualified voter was left to the states. Beginning with Mississippi in 1890, #SouthernStates quickly exploited this legal loophole. At its 1890 constitutional convention, Mississippi imposed a $2.00 poll tax and early registration as a requirement for voting. This had catastrophic results for the Black electorate. Whereas approximately 87,000 Black citizens registered to vote in 1869, representing almost 97% of the eligible voting-age population, fewer than 9,000 of them registered to vote after the state’s new constitution took effect in 1892.

"Between 1890 and 1902, all eleven former #Confederate states imposed some form of a poll tax to deter Black Americans from voting. The tax, which ranged from $1 to $2, was prohibitively expensive for most Black sharecroppers, who earned their wages in crops, not currency. Beyond the cost, voter registration and tax payment offices were usually located in public spaces designed to intimidate potential voters, like courthouses and police stations.

"The southern states also enacted #JimCrowLaws intended to reinforce #RacialSegregation and restrict Black voting rights. Along with the poll tax, most of these states also imposed literacy tests, which required potential voters to read and interpret in writing sections of the state constitution. So-called 'grandfather clauses' allowed a person to vote without paying the poll tax or passing the literacy test if their father or grandfather had voted before the abolition of slavery in 1865; a stipulation that automatically precluded all formerly enslaved persons. Together, the grandfather clause and the literacy tests effectively restored voting rights to poorer White voters who could not pay the poll tax, while further suppressing the Black vote.

"Poll taxes of varying stipulations lingered in Southern states well into the 20th century. While some states abolished the tax in the years after World War I, others retained it. Ratified in 1964, the #24thAmendment to the #USConstitution declared the tax unconstitutional in federal elections.

"Specifically, the 24th Amendment states:

'The right of citizens of the United States to vote in any primary or other election for President or Vice President, for electors for President or Vice President, or for Senator or Representative in Congress, shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or any state by reason of failure to pay any poll tax or other tax.'

"President Lyndon B. Johnson called the amendment a 'triumph of liberty over restriction.' 'It is a verification of people's rights, which are rooted so deeply in the mainstream of this nation's history,' he said.

"The #VotingRightsAct of 1965 created significant changes in the voting status of Black Americans throughout the South. The law prohibited the states from using literacy tests and other methods of excluding Black Americans from voting. Before this, only an estimated twenty-three percent of voting-age Black citizens were registered nationally, but by 1969 the number had jumped to sixty-one percent.

"In 1966 the U.S. Supreme Court went beyond the Twenty-fourth Amendment by ruling in the case of Harper v. Virginia Board of Elections that under the equal protection clause of the Fourteenth Amendment, states could not levy a poll tax as a prerequisite for voting in state and local elections. In two months in the spring of 1966, federal courts declared poll tax laws unconstitutional in the last four states that still had them, starting with Texas on February 9. Similar decisions soon followed in Alabama and Virginia. Mississippi's $2.00 poll tax (about $18 today) was the last to fall, declared unconstitutional on April 8, 1966."

https://www.thoughtco.com/poll-tax-definition-and-examples-5443130
#VoterDisenfranchisement #USPol #USHistory #TwentyFourthAmendment #FourteenthAmendment #FifteenthAmendment #VoterRights #LiteracyTests #USElections #VoterSuppression #BlackAmericans

That Woolworth. #civilrights #jimcrowlaws #segregation #Greensboro #USA

How #LiteracyTests Were Used To Stop #BlackAmericans From Voting

By Katie Serena | Edited By John Kuroski

Published December 22, 2023
Updated January 18, 2024

"Presented as a means for assessing whether voters were educated enough to vote, literacy tests and other methods were designed for a single purpose: to stop Black Americans from voting."

https://allthatsinteresting.com/voting-literacy-test

#VoterSuppression
#JimCrowLaws
#VoterDisinfranchisement

Son of #Sununuke strikes again! Yes, it's no surprise that #Trump supporter, #ChrisSununu, wants to make it harder for people to vote! What's next? #LiteracyTests and #PollTaxes?!!

#NewHampshire governor signs voter proof-of-citizenship to take effect after November elections

The new law eliminates voter identification exceptions and would require those registering to vote to show a passport, birth certificate or other evidence of U.S. #citizenship.

Original article:
https://www.boston.com/news/politics/2024/09/13/new-hampshire-governor-signs-voter-proof-of-citizenship-elections/

Archived:
https://archive.ph/wip/CZCFH

#VoterSuppression #JimCrowLaws #VoterDisinfranchisement

MeidasTouch host Ben Meiselas reports on Donald Trump’s despicable stunts getting exposed. - https://youtu.be/rKPY1dpC8H0?si=fLGC2mMM8bpteCFQ #MeidasTouch #USPolitics #BenMeiselas #TrumpStunts #BlackVote #BlackVoters #JimCrow #JimCrowLaws #JimCrowEra #GOPClowns

@angiebaby
Thought the same thing!
He's dearly beloved of #TFG.
Like he said, "I love the poorly educated!"--Yes, absolutely! 🤣

However:
Women's #suffrage was legalized nationally by means of the #19A only in 1920.

The 3 #ReconstructionAmendments, #13A-#15A, were passed from 1866-1870. Then, in theory, all black men had the right to vote 🗳. It took until #LBS's #VotingRightsActs to seriously eliminate the disenfranchising #JimCrowLaws in the #South.

https://www.history.com/news/african-american-voting-right-15th-amendment

@GottaLaff

@mina

Die hat Hitler eh schon aus den USA geklaut (#JimCrowLaws/ #Rassengesetze).

Ich denke schon länger, dass die #CCTV-Überwachung des öffentlichen Raums in Verbindung mit #Gesichtserkennungssoftware, Datenzentren und nun #LLM|s eine größere Gefahr darstellen als ein paar Terroristen...

@energiepirat @SilviaMarton @berlinerwassertisch

@TruthSandwich @Bugaboo @barney

Yes, the #JimCrowLaws * were abolished in 1968, but in many regions "on paper," but not in the minds and hearts of a huge part of its citizens.
Nowadays, there is more finesse.
One of the best examples is #Gerrymandering.
And, of course, the not-on-paper #CultureWars waged by the #MAGATs. The are scared sh*tless of becoming a minority, which is demographically inevitable.

*
https://www.history.com/topics/early-20th-century-us/jim-crow-laws

I can’t imagine why SCOTUS justices would find affirmative action for people of color “unconstitutional.” It’s been “constitutional” for Whites for well over two centuries.
#slavery #racism #segregation #discrimination #disenfranchisement #JimCrowLaws #RedLining #VoterIntimidation #VoterSuppression #RacialGerrymandering #LiteracyTests #AffirmativeAction

"As #Arkansas prepares one of the country’s most expansive school-voucher programs, its attorney general is seeking to end decades-old legal settlements meant to end racial segregation, arguing that they are outdated and interfere with state policies favoring #school choice."

#desegregation #JimCrowLaws

https://www.wsj.com./articles/arkansas-seeks-end-to-school-desegregation-settlements-227dff43

" #Oklahoma has a pretty significant #history when it comes to #minorities " said #OklahomaHistoricalSociety #ExecutiveDirector Trait Thompson.
At one point, Oklahoma had up to 50 #AllBlack #towns - a figure now closer to 13, Thompson said.
The locations were #established as all #Black #enclaves where people could be $free from #segregation & #JimCrowLaws ,he said.

https://tulsaworld.com/news/local/senate-passes-bill-to-create-civil-rights-trail-connecting-greenwood-rising-to-other-sites/article_fc3ff65a-c4fa-11ed-ac6a-0f7d863ed3c6.html

#GoodNews #BlackAmerica #decolonization #educational #LearnHistory #CivilRights #HumanRights #USHistory

150 Years after the 13th Amendment

After the United States civil war, in 1865 the Thirteenth, Fourteenth, and Fifteenth Amendments to the U.S. Constitution were approved by Congress and ratified.

What seems so natural, so obvious and simple was not so simple in the New World. it took a long time before the majority was willing to accept it was wrong in every sense.

13th Amendment of the nited States Constitution. (Photo credit: Wikipedia)

The Thirteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution reads:

Section 1. Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction.

Section 2. Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation.

 

But lots of pioneers who came from Europe and liked those cheap labour-forces did not want to have those “monkies” like they were often called, being part of their normal co-habitats.

Abraham Lincoln and his son Tad looking at an album of photographs. (Photo credit: Wikipedia)

President Abraham Lincoln (1861–1865) had issued the Emancipation Proclamation, based on congressional acts, which gave the president authority to confiscate rebel property and forbid the military from returning slaves of rebels to their owners. Being liberated from their masters those Negroes started to create their own free businesses. Only addressing the rebelling southern states the proclamation did not resolve the issue of slavery for the nation as a whole. It was thought the Thirteenth Amendment (the first of the three so-called “Civil War Amendments“) would bring a solution for all coloured people, prohibiting slavery throughout the country. To extend the rights of citizenship to all people regardless of race or colour the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments were added.

Congress enacted a number of statutes to enforce the provisions of the Civil War Amendments, but by the end of the nineteenth century, most of those statutes had been overturned by the courts, repealed, or nullified by subsequent legislation.

Segregation of the races in schools, public accommodations, public transportation, and various other aspects of public life, was honoured for a long time after the amendment was written.

It has taken many man years before that all persons could have full and equal enjoyment of public inns, parks, theatres, and other places of amusement, regardless of race or colour.  Even today, anno 2015, we see that in the United states there are still many states or regions where the white people are not so happy with those with a darker skin. In several regions it is still more difficult for a coloured man to find work than for a white man.

1904 caricature of “White” and “Jim Crow” rail cars by John T. McCutcheon. Despite Jim Crow’s legal pretense that the races be “separate but equal” under the law, non-whites were given inferior facilities and treatment {John McCutheon. The Mysterious Stranger and Other Cartoons by John T. McCutcheon, New York, McClure, Phillips & Co. 1905.}

The Supreme Court struck down the Civil Rights Act of 1875 by an 8–1 vote, holding that Congress had exceeded its authority to enforce the Thirteenth and Fourteenth Amendments. The Court held that private discrimination against African Americans did not violate the Thirteenth Amendment’s ban on slavery. Following this decision, several northern and western states began enacting their own bans on discrimination in public places. But many other states did the opposite: they began codifying racial segregation and discrimination in laws that became known as the Jim Crow laws. Enacted after the Reconstruction period, these laws continued in force until 1965.

Associate Justice of the United States Supreme Court Potter Stewart (1915–1985)

Justice Potter Stewart, writing for the majority, turned to the Thirteenth Amendment and observed that it was adopted to remove the “badges of slavery” and that it gave Congress power to effect that removal. Stewart wrote:

Congress has the power under the Thirteenth Amendment rationally to determine what are the badges and the incidents of slavery, and the authority to translate that determination into effective legislation…. [W]hen racial discrimination herds men into ghettos and makes their ability to buy property turn on the color of their skin, then it too is a relic of slavery.

Normally this 13° amendment also enables Congress to pass laws against sex trafficking and other modern forms of slavery, but the sex trafficking is still a very flourishing business, though some part may come under threat when Donald Trump shall be able to get a firm wall between the Mexican border with increased controls.

“At the bus station in Durham, North Carolina.” May 1940, Jack Delano. Deutsch: “An der Bushaltestelle, Durham, North Carolina.”, Mai 1940, Jack Delano. Français : “A la gare routière, Durham, Caroline du Nord.”, Mai 1940, Jack Delano. Español: “En la estación de autobuses, Durham, Carolina del Norte.”, Mayo de 1940, Jack Delano. Italiano: “Alla fermata dell’autobus, Durham, Carolina del Nord.” Maggio del 1940, Jack Delano. (Photo credit: Wikipedia)

The ratification of the 13th Amendment to the Constitution was a long overdue step in the long road the Americans continue to walk in their efforts to address and uproot the systemic injustices embedded into their society. Still today we can see there too many people being forced to terrible inhuman conditions.

Having politicians speaking arrogantly about other coloured and other cultured people makes it that other Americans do not see any harm in using those people as cheap labour and treating them as scum. This week in Europe we once more got to see and hear how a man with lots of money could point his finger to those whom he considered to be cullings and scourings which were just there to be used outside the United states of America to produce cheap products for the American White supremacy.

In the Republican primary the material or essence of those amendments from 150 years ago are at large.

In Europe many people, like me, were afraid the first black president of America would have been put in the grave soon. It worked out differently, for the good. Though lots of good ideas were retained by the republicans, America may be proud of the work Barack Obama still could establish with all that counteraction.

Standing in the United States Capitol today, President Obama reflected on the history of the progress which was made in the United States of America — hard-fought, hard-won, incomplete, but always possible.

Watch his remarks here about the century and a half of freedom and about the stealing of men, women and children from their homelands, separating husbands from wives and parents from children:

*

*

As many made clear at the time of its ratification, the 13th Amendment was not a final step, but rather the first step in making real the promise that all men are created equal. Read the letter that Annie Davis, an enslaved woman living in Maryland, wrote to President Lincoln asking if she was free after he had signed the Emancipation Proclamation. He never replied, but the answer was no. It would take an amendment to Maryland’s constitution — and the 13th Amendment — to ensure that she and all enslaved people in the U.S. were free in the eyes of the law.

“President Lincoln understood that if we were ever to fully realize that founding promise, it meant not just signing an Emancipation Proclamation, not just winning a war. It meant making the most powerful collective statement we can in our democracy — etching our values into our Constitution.”

The 13th Amendment: 150 Years Later, President Obama Reflects on the Abolition of Slavery 9 December 2015

“We would do a disservice to those warriors of justice — Tubman and Douglass, and Lincoln and King — were we to deny that the scars of our nation’s original sin are still with us today. We condemn ourselves to shackles once more if we fail to answer those who wonder if they’re truly equals in their communities, or in their justice systems, or in a job interview. We betray the efforts of the past if we fail to push back against bigotry in all its forms.”

“For however slow, however incomplete, however harshly, loudly, rudely challenged at each point along our journey, in America, we can create the change that we seek.

“All it requires is that our generation be willing to do what those who came before us have done: to rise above the cynicism and rise above the fear, to hold fast to our values, to see ourselves in each other, to cherish dignity and opportunity not just for our own children but for somebody else’s child. To remember that our freedom is bound up with the freedom of others — regardless of what they look like or where they come from or what their last name is or what faith they practice…

“That is our choice. Today we affirm hope.”

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Preceding

Coming closer to the end of 2015 and the end for Donald Trump as presidential candidate

Vatican against Opponents of immigration

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Additional reading

1. Stand Up
2. Consequences of Breivik’s mass murder
3. Religion, fundamentalism and murder
4. Believing in God part of being American for Discriminating Americans who feel discrimiated
5. Why I’m Angry
6. A last note concerning civil rights

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Further related articles

1. Obama-McCain-latina. June 15, 2008
2. White Australian Panel Fails To Grasp The Concept Of Racism In Discussion About The Word “Negro”
3. “Adding Insult With Significant Physical Injury”: The 2016 Campaign Joke That’s No Longer Funny — Just Violent
4. Donald Trump, the Great Wall of China … and a little history
5. Trouble on the border?
6. America’s Berlin Wall
7. Think it’s time to admit Donald Trump is right about Mexico but of course you won’t…
8. Trump proposes increase of fees on Mexican visas to build Mexico border wall
9. We Already Have a Wall, Mr. Trump
10. “Donald Trump’s hot minute at the US-Mexico border”
11. Trump: Border Patrol Union Backed Out Because They Were ‘Petrified’ To Say What’s Happening At Border
12. Border Patrol Union In Texas Backs Out Of Meeting With Donald Trump
13. Donald Trump fights back
14. Why the Donald is dangerous
15. “Sinvergüenza”: Trump, Bush Don’t Care That ‘Anchor Baby’ Isn’t ‘Politically Correct’
16. Democrates Hope Race Across US-Mexico Border Will Ease Building Tension Over Trade
17. Refugees on Our Doorstep
18. The Draft Riots of 1863
19. How well do you know your American history?
20. The Emancipation Proclamation
21. Emancipation Proclamation
22. Emancipation Proclamation and Gettysburg Address
23. More thoughts on The Civil War rebroadcast
24. 5 Things You May Not Know About Lincoln, Slavery and Emancipation : Sarah Pruitt
25. If Slavery Is Not Wrong, Nothing Is Wrong
26. Hallowed Ground Retained
27. Ben Carson Uses Empowerment Message in Bid to Sway Black Voters
28. The New Slavery

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Related articles

• San Marino 2015 Abraham Lincoln 10 Euro Silver Coin (coinweek.com)
• Pope Francis Inspires Black Catholics, Despite Complicated Church History On Race (wnyc.org)
• Pope praises activists Day, Merton for shaping US values (chippewa.com)
• New Agreement Keeps Civil-War-era House Open To The Public (baltimore.cbslocal.com)
• How SCOTUS perverted the “equal protection” clause of Sec. 1 of the Fourteenth Amendment. (siriuscoffee.com)
• The Mero Moment: Kim Davis – September 17, 2015 (utahpoliticohub.com)
• Kentucky Republican state Senator: the First Amendment protects my right to receive bribes (boingboing.net)
• What Ben Carson gets right about a religious test for office (theweek.com)
• How Rand Paul Misunderstands the Fourteenth Amendment (theatlantic.com)
• Muslim Brotherhood Front Group Responds to Carson (truthandaction.org)

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#13AmendmentToTheUSConstitution #14AmendmentToTheUSConstitution #15AmendmentToTheUSConstitution #1865 #2015 #AbrahamLincoln #AfricanAmericans #AmericanSettlers #AnnieDavis #CheapLabour #CivilWarAmendments #ColouredPeople #DonaldTrump #EmancipationProclamation1863_ #JimCrowLaws #Maryland #MexicanBorder #Negro #NewWorld #PioneersOfNorthAmerica #PotterStewart #RacialDiscrimination #RacialSegregation #ReconstructionPeriod #Segregation #SexTrafficking #Slavery #USCivilRightsActOf1875 #UnitedStatesConstitution #WhitePeople #WhiteRace