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  1. Fundamentals Of Crystal Physics by Yu.I. Sirotin; M.P. Shaskolskaya

    Over the past 15-20 years, experimental crystal physics has expanded beyond research laboratories and into practical applications in fields like quantum electronics, optics, semiconductor production, and piezotechnology. These advancements have highlighted the need for comprehensive textbooks on crystal physics. This book aims to fill that gap, offering a more detailed work to complement Nye’s 1967 textbook. It focuses on combining general physical principles with the symmetry approach characteristic of the Soviet crystal physics school founded by A.V. Shubnikov. The content is based on lectures and courses delivered at the Moscow Institute of Steel and Alloys and Moscow State University.

    The book focuses on the anisotropy of crystal properties, particularly in areas such as diffusion, dielectric permittivity, magnetostriction, and piezooptical effects. It includes illustrations like representation surfaces and stereographic projections to explain the anisotropy of physical properties. The authors also provide a novel description of phase transitions with a double change of symmetry, illustrating how crystal properties change during phase transitions. The appendices include reference data, enhancing the book’s practical utility.

    Translated from the Russian by Valentina Snigirevskaya.
    Credits to the original uploaders, this is a cleaned optimised scan.

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    Contents

     

    Preface to the Second Russian Edition 9
    Excerpts from the Preface to the First Russian Edition 10
    List of Notation 13

    Chapter I. Basic Information on Crystallography 17

    Crystal Structure and Space Lattice 17

    Crystallographic Projections 23

    Simple Finite Elements of the Symmetry of Crystals 27

    Crystallographic Categories and Systems 42

    Point Groups of Crystal Symmetry (Symmetry Classes) 47

    Derivation and Description of 32 Classes of Crystal Symmetry (32 Point Groups of Symmetry) 55

    Limit Groups of Symmetry (Curie Groups) 68

    Symmetry of Crystal Structure 71

    Combinations of the Symmetry Elements of Structures. Bravais Lattices. Generation of New Symmetry Elements 74

    230 Space Groups of Symmetry 84

    Mutual Vectors Basis and Reciprocal Lattice 88

    Indexing of Directions and Planes in Crystals 92

    Transformation of Indices with a Change of the System of Coordinates 101

    Symmetrically Equivalent Sets of Planes and Directions. Simple Crystal Forms 114

    Some Problems of Geometric Crystallography 125

    Chapter II. Coordinate Systems, Vectors and Tensors 134

    16. Cartesian Coordinate Systems 134
    17. Orthogonal Transformations 137
    18. Second-Rank Tensors 144
    19. Eigenvectors and Eigenvalues of a Symmetric Second-Rank Tensors 147
    20. Small Changes of a Symmetric Second-Rank Tensor 152
    21. Normal and Tangential Components of a Second-Rank Symmetric Tensor 155
    22. External Symmetry and Representation of Vectors and Second-Rank Symmetric Tensors 159
    23. Axial Vectors 165

    Chapter III. Introduction to Crystal Physics. Electrical and Thermal Properties of Crystals 174
    24. Anisotropic Continuous Media 174
    25. The Symmetry Principle in Crystal Physics 182
    26. Fundamental Equations of Electrostatics of Crystals 188
    27. Symmetry of the Dielectric Properties of Crystals 191
    28. Crystals in a Uniform Electric Field 196
    29. The Field in a Spherical Gap in an Anisotropic Medium 201
    30. Fields of a Point Charge and a Dipole in an Anisotropic Medium 204
    31. Pyroelectrics 207
    32. Direct Electric Current in Crystals 210
    33. Thermal Conductivity of Crystals 212

    Chapter IV. Optical Properties of Crystals 216
    34. Electromagnetic Waves in Transparent Crystals 216
    35. Optical Indicatrix 220
    36. Waves and Rays. Principle of Duality. Fresnel’s Ellipsoid 227
    37. Solution of the Problem of Light Propagation in a Crystal in an Arbitrary System of Coordinates 232
    38. Fresnel’s Equation. Wave and Ray Surfaces 236
    39. Interconnection Between the Optical Surfaces in Crystals. Conical Refraction 240
    40. Observation of the Optical Anisotropy of Crystals in Polarized Light 245

    Chapter V. Symmetry of Higher-Rank Tensors 253
    41. Tensors and Pseudotensors of Higher Ranks 253
    42. Internal Symmetry of Tensors and Duality Relations 257
    43. Non-Coordinate Notation of Tensors. Invariant Differential Operations on Tensors 263
    44. External Symmetry and Representation of Tensors and Pseudotensors 266
    45. Method of Direct Verification 275
    46. Cyclic Coordinates. Hermann’s Theorem 281
    47. Application of the Theory of Group Representation to the Problems of Tensor Symmetry 287
    48. The Isotropic and Gyrotropic Tensors 301

    Chapter VI. Elasticity of Crystals 308
    49. Small Strains of a Continuous Medium 308
    50. Stress Tensor 314
    51. Generalized Hooke’s Law 319
    52. Symmetry of the Elastic Properties of Crystals 324
    53. Simple States of Stress 330
    54. Bending and Twisting of Crystals 339
    55. Temperature Stresses in Crystals 350
    56. Elastic Waves in Crystals 358

    Chapter VII. Thermodynamics of Crystals
    57. Internal Energy and Thermodynamic Potential of a Crystal 380
    58. Piezoelectric Effect and Its Symmetry 386
    59. Simultaneous Solution of the Equations of the Electro- and Elastostatics of Crystals 396
    60. Invariant and Non-Invariant Thermodynamic Potentials and Their Matrices 406
    61. Dependence of Thermodynamic Coefficients on Conditions of Measurement 411
    62. Elastic Waves in Piezoelectric Crystals 416
    63. Thermodynamic Inequalities 419
    64. Alterations of Crystal Symmetry in Phase Transitions of the Second Kind 423
    65. Changes of the Physical Properties of Crystals Under Phase Transitions of the Second Kind 430
    66. Mathematical Methods of the Theory of Phase Transitions 445

    Chapter VIII. Magnetic Symmetry in Crystal Physics
    67. Time Reversal and Antisymmetry 456
    68. Point Groups of Magnetic Symmetry 460
    69. Space Groups of Magnetic Symmetry—Shubnikov’s Groups 466
    70. Magnetic Symmetry of Crystals 470
    71. Geometric Realization of the Expanded Orthogonal Group 476
    72. Tensors Defined on an Expanded Orthogonal Group 479
    73. Piezomagnetic and Magnetoelectric Effects 485

    Chapter IX. Effects of the Higher Orders
    74. Thermodynamic Consideration of Non-Linear Effects 488
    75. Piezoresistive Effect 491
    76. Onsager Reciprocal Relations and Thermogalvanomagnetic Effects 493
    77. Electrooptical and Piezooptical Effects 503
    78. Artificial Optical Anisotropy of Crystals 508
    79. Non-Linear Polarization in Case of Propagation of Electromagnetic Intense Waves 515
    80. Generation of Light Harmonics. Directions of Synchronism 519
    81. Optical Activity of Crystals 525
    82. Artificial Optical Activity 540
    83. Acoustic Activity of Crystals 545

    Chapter X. Some General Problems of Crystal Physics
    84. Extreme-Value Problems of Crystal Physics 551
    85. The Problem of Comparing Tensor Properties of Crystals 535
    86. The Problem of Choosing Standard Crystallographic and Crystal-Physical Systems of Coordinates 561
    87. Functional Relations in Crystal Physics 556

    Appendices
    A. Crystallographic and Crystal-Physical Systems of Coordinates 581
    B. Bravais Lattices and Crystallographic Matrices 581
    C. Properties of Directions in Crystals 590
    D. Analytical Proof of Theorems on the Multiplication of Symmetry Operations 597
    E. Tensors Invariant with Respect to Crystallographic and Limit Groups 627
    F. Contracted Notation of Tensors 627

    References 637
    Index 646

     

    #crystallography #physics #quantumMehcanics #sovietLiterature
  2. Earth, Sweet Earth ( Science For Everyone) by Ekaterina Radkevich

    The book is based on the author’s impressions of her numerous expeditions in the many countries. It is a fascinating narrative rather than a mere record of facts irrespective of how scientifically valid they can be. The book is bound to be appreciated as a piece of absorbing reading by anyone who cares to increase the scope of his or her competence about our sweet home of a planet that must be saved from destruction at all costs.

    Ekaterina Radkevich, Corresponding Member of the USSR Academy of Sciences, is one of the most distinguished geologists whose works are well known in her own country and in many other parts of the world. The overwhelming success of her publications is chiefly due to her indefatigable practical activity in the USSR and elsewhere and her unflagging interest in theoretical research which she has been conducting for quite some time at the Institute of Geological Studies in the Far East (Viadivostok).

    Note: This book was the last remaining volume in the Science for Everyone Series! This completes volume the SFE series in English.

    Many, many thanks to Hassaan Ali who purchased and posted this book to us to complete  this series. Much appreciated help!

    You can get the book here and here

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    Contents
    How I Became a Geologist (In Lieu of a Preface) 7

    Part I. The Earth in the Universe 20

    Chapter 1. The Earth as a Cosmic Body 20

    Chapter 2. The Planet Earth 29

    Chapter 3. The Deep-seated Structure of the Earth 38

    Chapter 4. The Development of Views on the Origin of Earth and Other Planets of the Solar System 47

    Part II. The History of the Development of the Earth 58

    Chapter 5. The Dawn 58

    Chapter 6. Life: The Earth’s Chronicle 70

    Part III. Geology Everywhere 100

    Chapter 7. The Work of the Wind 102

    Chapter 8. The Role of Water in the Transformation of Our Planet 113

    Chapter 9. The Activity of Subterranean Forces 127

    Part IV. The Composition of the Earth’s Crust 147

    Chapter 10. Sedimentary Rocks 147

    Chapter 11. Magmatic (Igneous) Rocks 159

    Chapter 12. Metamorphic Rocks 185

    Part V. The Movements of the Earth’s Crust 202

    Chapter 13. Mountains: Old and Young 203

    Chapter 14. The Deformation of Rocks 208

    Chapter 15. Fixism vs. Mobilism 216

    Part VI. Mineral Resources 236

    Chapter 16. The Mineral Kingdom 236

    Chapter 17. Mineral Raw Materials and Technical Progress 258

    Chapter 18. The Future of Mineral Raw Resources 280

    Chapter 19. How Ores Are Formed 286

    Chapter 20. The Science of Metallogeny 308

    Chapter 21. In Quest of Ores 328

    Chapter 22. At the Metallogenic Map of the Pacific Belt 338

    Chapter 23. Mineral Resources of the Seas and the Underwater Storerooms of Mineral Raw Materials 349

    Chapter 24. Save Our Earth! 361

    To End on a Poetic Note 367

    #earthHistory #earthScience #geochemistry #geology #geophysics #historyOfEarth #mineralResources #mining #planetaryScience #plateTectonics #popularScience #rocks #sovietLiterature
  3. The Turning Point by Otto Lacis

     

    When farmers lease plots of land in abandoned villages today, the state of desolation they find there is amazing. Those villages are found in areas that were occupied by the enemy during the war and also in regions that the enemy did not reach. The desolation and neglect have nothing to do with the war. They were caused by the Great Turn imposed on the nation by Stalin—the turn that crushed the peasants’ initiative, diligence and desire to work.

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    #historicalBiopgraphy #history #sovietHistory #sovietLiterature #stalin #stalinism