#sovietliterature — Public Fediverse posts

Similarity And Dimensional Methods In Mechanics by L. I. Sedov

Dimensional analysis and similarity theory are essential in physics and engineering, particularly for designing and testing complex structures like airplanes, ships, and dams. These theories guide the conditions for model experiments and identify key parameters for fundamental effects and operations. Despite their simplicity and utility, they are often inadequately explained in textbooks and educational practices, leading to confusion and misconceptions.

The book highlights the importance of clear definitions of dimensional and dimensionless quantities and foundational concepts like the number of basic units of measurement. It critiques the superficial treatment of these topics in academia, which has occasionally led to paradoxes, such as misinterpretations in Rayleigh’s conclusions on heat emission.

Dimensional analysis is especially valuable when combined with broader physical principles, yielding significant insights in fields like turbulence, where a complete mathematical framework is lacking. The book includes new results in turbulence theory and provides detailed analyses of problems like turbulent fluid motion and Newton’s second law.

While many applications of dimensional analysis are not covered, the text aims to demonstrate standard methods and inspire the selection and formulation of new problems and experiments. The first half of the book is accessible to general readers, while the latter half requires some knowledge of hydromechanics.

Translated from the Russian by V. I. Kisin

Credits to the original uploaders, this is a cleaned optimised scan.

You can get the book here and here

Follow us on

Twitter https://x.com/MirTitles

Mastadon https://mastodon.social/@mirtitles

Bluesky https://bsky.app/profile/mirtitles.bsky.social

Tumblr https://www.tumblr.com/mirtitles

Internet Archive https://archive.org/details/mir-titles

Fork us on gitlab https://gitlab.com/mirtitles

CONTENTS
Foreword to the First Russian Edition 7
Foreword to the Third Russian Edition 9
Foreword to the Sixth Russian Edition 10
Foreword to the Eighth Russian Edition 11
Foreword to the Ninth Russian Edition 11

CHAPTER I. General Dimensions Theory
§ 1. Introduction 13
§ 2. Dimensional and Dimensionless Quantities 14
§ 3. Fundamental and Derived Units of Measurement 15
§ 4. Dimensions Formulas 20
§ 5. On Newton’s Second Law 21
§ 6. Nature of the Functional Relations Between Physical Quantities 27
§ 7. Parameters Defining a Class of Phenomena 32
References 35

CHAPTER II. Similarity, Modelling, and Various Examples of the Application of Dimensional Analysis
§ 1. Motion of a Simple Pendulum 36
§ 2. Flow of a Heavy Fluid Through a Spillway 38
§ 3. Fluid Motion in Pipes 40
§ 4. Motion of a Body in a Fluid 44
§ 5. Heat Transfer from a Body in a Fluid Flow 51
§ 6. Dynamic Similarity and Modelling of Phenomena 54
§ 7. Steady Motion of a Solid Body in a Compressible Fluid 63
§ 8. Unsteady Motion in a Fluid 68
§ 9. Ship Motion 72
§ 10. Planing over the Water Surface 79
§ 11. Impact on Water 86
§ 12. Entry of a Cone and a Wedge at Constant Speed into a Fluid 93
§ 13. Small-Amplitude Waves on the Surface of an Incompressible Fluid 95
§ 14. Three-Dimensional Self-Similar Motions of Continuous Media 103
References 106

CHAPTER III. Applications to the Theory of Motion of a Viscous Fluid and to the Theory of Turbulence
§ 1. Diffusion of Vorticity in a Viscous Fluid 108
§ 2. Exact Solutions of the Equations of Motion of a Viscous Incompressible Fluid 110
§ 3. Boundary Layer in the Flow of a Viscous Fluid Past a Flat Plate 116
§ 4. Isotropic Turbulent Motion of an Incompressible Fluid 120
§ 5. Steady Turbulent Motion 151
References 163

CHAPTER IV. One-Dimensional Unsteady Motion of a Gas
§ 1. Self-Similar Motion of Spherical, Cylindrical, and Plane Waves in a Gas 166
§ 2. Ordinary Differential Equations and the Shock Conditions for Self-Similar Motions 175
§ 3. Algebraic Integrals for Self-Similar Motion 187
§ 4. Motions which Are Self-Similar in the Limit 196
§ 5. Investigation of the Family of Integral Curves in the (z, V) Plane 200
§ 6. The Piston Problem 208
§ 7. Problem of Implosion and Explosion at a Point 211
§ 8. Spherical Detonation 213
§ 9. Flame Propagation 220
§ 10. Collapse of an Arbitrary Discontinuity in a Combustible Mixture 225
§ 11. Problem of a Strong Explosion 229
§ 12. Point Explosion with Counterpressure Taken into Account 260
§ 13. On Modelling and on Formulas for the Peak Pressure and Impulse of Explosions 272
§ 14. Problem of a Strong Explosion in a Medium with a Variable Density 282
§ 15. Unsteady Motion of a Gas when the Velocity is Proportional to the Distance from the Centre of Symmetry 293
§ 16. On the General Theory of One-Dimensional Motion of a Gas 304
§ 17. Asymptotic Laws of Shock Wave Damping 317
References 325

CHAPTER V. Introduction to the Theory of Gas Engines
§ 1. On Averaging of Nonuniform Gas Flows in Ducts 334
§ 2. Similarity Conditions and Abstract Parameters Determining the Characteristics of Compressors 348
§ 3. On Flight Efficiency of an Ideal Propeller and an Ideal Air-Breathing Jet Engine 359
References 366

CHAPTER VI. Applications to Astrophysical Problems
§ 1. Some Observational Results 367
§ 2. On the Equations of Equilibrium and Motion of a Gaseous Mass Simulating a Star 377
§ 3. Theoretical Formulas Relating Luminosity with Mass, and Radius with Mass 382
§ 4. Some Simple Solutions of the System of Equations of Stellar Equilibrium 386
§ 5. On the Relation Between the Period of Variation of the Brightness and the Average Density for Cepheids 392
§ 6. On the Theory of the Flare-ups of Novae and Supernovae 395
References 417

Name Index 419
Subject Index 422

Laboratory Manual Of Organic Synthesis by M. N. Khramkina

This book explains the modern theoretical concepts of organic chemistry to the extent needed for carrying out synthesis. A more detailed exposition of theoretical aspects, especially those involving the reaction mechanisms, is given in textbooks of organic chemistry.

This textbook presents a large number of syntheses. The greatest attention is devoted to laboratory operations which are of practical and methodological importance. If need be, a laboratory operation in a given subject can be replaced by a similar one in the students’ future speciality. In addition, when there is a large number of syntheses, the instructor can select those needed for review problems to see how well the students have learned their material.

Certain guides to organic synthesis were used when the textbook was being written.

This edition of the textbook has new material on the mechanism of individual reactions and a chapter on the identification of organic compounds.

Translated from the Russian by Nicholas Bobrov

Credits to the original uploaders, this is a cleaned optimised scan.

You can get the book here and here

Follow us on

Twitter https://x.com/MirTitles

Mastadon https://mastodon.social/@mirtitles

Bluesky https://bsky.app/profile/mirtitles.bsky.social

Tumblr https://www.tumblr.com/mirtitles

Internet Archive https://archive.org/details/mir-titles

Fork us on gitlab https://gitlab.com/mirtitles

CONTENTS
Preface
Part I — METHODS USED IN ORGANIC SYNTHESIS
Chapter 1 — WORK AND SAFETY RULES
1.1. Principal Laboratory Operations
Assembly
Cleaning and Drying Laboratory Equipment
Literature, Notebooks and Reports
1.2. Safety Rules in the Organic Synthesis Laboratory
Precautions and First Aid in Case of Accidents
Work with Poisons and Caustics
Work with Highly Flammable Substances and Explosives
Rules of Handling Glassware
First Aid in Case of Burns, Poisonings and Other Accidents
Local Fires and Burning Laboratory Equipment
Chapter 2 — PRINCIPAL LABORATORY OPERATIONS
2.1. Heating
2.2. Cooling
2.3. Measuring and Controlling the Temperature
2.4. Grinding and Stirring
2.5. Dissolution and Properties of Some Organic Solvents
Ethyl Alcohol
Methyl Alcohol
Ether
Petroleum Ether
Acetone
2.6. Drying and Principal Drying Agents
Drying Gases
Drying Organic Liquids
Drying Solids
Principal Drying Agents
2.7. Filtration
Filtration at Atmospheric Pressure
Suction Filtration
Chapter 3 — METHODS OF PURIFYING ORGANIC SUBSTANCES
3.1. Crystallisation
Solvent Selection
Recrystallisation Procedure
Formation of Crystals
3.2. Sublimation
3.3. Extraction
3.4. Distillation
Simple Distillation at Atmospheric Pressure
Steam Distillation
Vacuum Distillation (at Reduced Pressure)
Fractional Distillation
Rectification
3.5. Chromatography
Adsorption Chromatography (Column Chromatography)
Partition Chromatography
Paper Chromatography
Ion Exchange Chromatography
Chapter 4 — DETERMINATION OF THE PRINCIPAL CONSTANTS OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
4.1. Melting Point
4.2. Boiling Point
4.3. Specific Gravity
4.4. Refractive Index
4.5. Molecular Weight
Chapter 5 — WORK WITH COMPRESSED AND LIQUEFIED GASES
5.1. Gas Cylinders and How to Use Them
5.2. Dosing Gases
5.3. Purification of Gases and Their Introduction into an Apparatus
5.4. Safety Rules in Handling Gas Cylinders
Chapter 6 — QUANTITATIVE ELEMENTAL ANALYSIS OF ORGANIC SUBSTANCES
6.1. Semimicrodetermination of Carbon and Hydrogen
Assembly
Analysis
6.2. Semimicrodetermination of Nitrogen (According to Dumas)
Assembly
Analysis
6.3. Microdetermination of Carbon and Hydrogen
Assembly
Analysis
Part II — SYNTHESES OF ORGANIC SUBSTANCES
Chapter 7 — HALOGENATION REACTIONS
7.1. Replacement of the Hydroxyl Group of Alcohols by a Halogen
7.2. Replacement of the Hydroxyl Group of Acids by a Halogen
7.3. Halogen Addition to a Multiple Bond
7.4. Direct Replacement of Hydrogen by a Halogen
7.5. Syntheses
Ethyl Bromide
Acetylene and Ethyl Bromide
Ethyl Iodide
Butyl Bromide
Acetyl Chloride
Benzoyl Chloride
1,2-Dibromoethane
Bromobenzene
α-Bromonaphthalene
p-Bromoanisole
Chapter 8 — ALKYLATION REACTIONS
8.1. Alkylation of Aromatic Compounds by Alcohols in the Presence of Sulphuric Acid
8.2. Preparation of Ethers
8.3. Syntheses
sec-Butylbenzene
Dibutyl Ether
Isoamyl Ether
Diphenyl Ether
Phenetole
β-Naphthyl Ethyl Ether (Nerolin, Bromelia)
Anisole
Chapter 9 — ACYLATION REACTIONS
9.1. Acylation of Alcohols and Amines by Carboxylic Acids
9.2. Acylation of Alcohols, Phenols and Amines by Acyl Chlorides
9.3. Acylation of Amines by Acid Anhydrides
9.4. Syntheses
Ethyl Acetate
Isoamyl Acetate
Ethyl Chloroacetate
Diethyl Oxalate (Oxalic Ester)
Ethyl Benzoate
Benzanilide
Aspirin (Acetylsalicylic Acid)
β-Naphthyl Acetate
Acetanilide
Chapter 10 — FRIEDEL-CRAFTS REACTIONS
10.1. Alkylation of Aromatic Compounds
10.2. Acylation of Aromatic Compounds
10.3. Syntheses
Isopropylbenzene
Diphenylmethane
Acetophenone
Benzophenone
Chapter 11 — OXIDATION REACTIONS
11.1. Oxidation at the Double Bond
11.2. Oxidation of Primary and Secondary Alcohols to Aldehydes or Ketones
11.3. Oxidation of Aldehydes and Ketones to Acids
11.4. Oxidation of Methyl and Methylene Groups
11.5. Preparation of Quinones by Oxidation
11.6. Syntheses
Acetaldehyde
Propionaldehyde
Isovaleraldehyde
Benzophenone
Isobutyric Acid
Valeric Acid
Benzoic Acid
Benzoquinone
Anthraquinone
Chapter 12 — NITRATION REACTIONS
12.1. Nitration of Hydrocarbons of the Fatty Series
12.2. Nitration of Hydrocarbons of the Aromatic Series
12.3. Syntheses
Nitromethane
Nitrobenzene
o-,p-Nitrotoluene
o-,p-Nitrophenol
α-Nitronaphthalene
Chapter 13 — AMINATION REACTIONS
13.1. Preparation of Amines of the Fatty Series
13.2. Preparation of Amines of the Aromatic Series
13.3. Syntheses
Methylamine
Aniline
o-,p-Toluidine
α-Naphthylamine
Preparation of α-Naphthylamine Hydrochloride
Chapter 14 — SULPHONATION REACTIONS
14.1. Sulphonation of Aromatic Compounds
14.2. Syntheses
β-Naphthalenesulphonic Acid (Sodium Salt)
Benzenesulphonic Acid (Sodium Salt)
p-Toluenesulphonic Acid
Sulphanilic Acid
Chapter 15 — DIAZOTIZATION AND AZO COUPLING REACTIONS
15.1. Diazonium Salt Reactions with Loss of Nitrogen
15.2. Diazonium Salt Reactions without Loss of Nitrogen
15.3. Syntheses
Phenol
Iodobenzene
Helianthin
β-Naphthol Orange
Chapter 16 — GRIGNARD REACTIONS
16.1. Preparation of Hydrocarbons
Quantitative Determination of Active Hydrogen by the Chugaev-Tserevitinov Method
16.2. Preparation of Carboxylic Acids
16.3. Preparation of Alcohols
16.4. Syntheses
Phenylacetic Acid
Triphenylcarbinol
Diphenylcarbinol (Benzhydrol)
Chapter 17 — CANNIZZARO REACTIONS
17.1. Synthesis of Benzoic Acid and Benzyl Alcohol
Chapter 18 — CLAISEN REACTIONS
18.1. Syntheses
Ethyl Acetoacetate
Benzoylacetone
Chapter 19 — POLYMERIZATION AND POLYCONDENSATION REACTIONS
19.1. Polymerization
19.2. Polycondensation (Condensation Polymerization)
19.3. Syntheses
Paraldehyde
Polystyrene
Polymethyl Methacrylate
Copolymer of Styrene with Methyl Methacrylate
Methyl Methacrylate (from Methyl Methacrylate)
Glyptal Resin
Phenol-Formaldehyde Resin
Chapter 20 — IDENTIFICATION
20.1. Preliminary Tests
20.2. Qualitative Reactions
20.3. Preparation of Derivatives
RECOMMENDED LITERATURE
SUPPLEMENTS
Drying Agents for Organic Compounds
Steam Pressure at Different Temperatures
Pressure of Liquefied Gases in Cylinders
Colour Code of Compressed Gas Cylinders
Density of Sulphuric Acid Solutions (20°C)
Density of Hydrochloric Acid Solutions (20°C)
Density of Nitric Acid Solutions (20°C)
Density of Sodium Hydroxide Solutions (20°C)
Density of Potassium Hydroxide Solutions (20°C)
Physical Properties of Alcohols and Their Derivatives
Physical Properties of Phenols and Their Derivatives
Physical Properties of Aldehydes and Their Derivatives
Physical Properties of Ketones and Their Derivatives
Physical Properties of Carboxylic Acids and Their Derivatives
Physical Properties of Primary and Secondary Amines and Their Derivatives (Acetamides)
Physical Properties of Acid Halides and Their Derivatives (Anilides)

Semiconductor Physics by P.S. Kireev

This textbook originates from lectures delivered by the author to students of the Semiconductor Materials and Devices Faculty at the Moscow Institute of Steel and Alloys. It assumes prior knowledge of subjects like Crystallography and Quantum Mechanics, allowing the material to focus exclusively on semiconductor physics without revisiting crystal lattice structures or atomic bonding. Leveraging students’ understanding of quantum mechanics, the textbook employs rigorous methods to address topics such as energy band structures and charge carrier transitions, including their interactions with lattice defects, phonons, and photons. Detailed intermediate calculations and experimental data further enhance comprehension.

While the material is presented at a high level, it remains accessible, supported by clear derivations and illustrations. Group theory methods are introduced to simplify problem-solving but are confined to an appendix, as this subject is typically not part of technical college curricula. The book deliberately avoids covering the operation of specific semiconductor devices, treating Semiconductor Physics as a distinct discipline with a focus on fundamental principles.

Translated from the Russian by Mark Samokhvalov

All credits to the original uploaders, this is an optimised pdf.

You can get the book here and here

Follow us on

Twitter https://x.com/MirTitles

Mastadon https://mastodon.social/@mirtitles

Bluesky https://bsky.app/profile/mirtitles.bsky.social

Tumblr https://www.tumblr.com/mirtitles

Internet Archive https://archive.org/details/mir-titles

Fork us on gitlab https://gitlab.com/mirtitles

CONTENTS
Preface 9

Chapter I. Introduction. Electron Theory of Conductivity 11

Electron Theory of Conductivity. Ohm’s Law 11
Mean-Free Time and Free-Path Distribution Functions 16
Electron Distribution Function. Mean Values of Physical Quantities 20
Semiconductors. The Classification of Materials According to Their Conductivity 31
Semiconductor Conductivity Models. The Concept of a Hole 35
Intrinsic and Extrinsic Conductivities 39
Chapter II. The Fundamentals of the Band Theory of Semiconductors 42
7. The Schrödinger Equation for the Crystal 42
8. The Adiabatic Approximation 45
9. Single Electron Approximation 50
10. Periodic Field of the Crystal Lattice. Translational Operator 54
11. Quasimomentum 59
12. The Effective Mass of the Electron 64
13. Relation Between Velocity and Quasimomentum 70
14. Acceleration Operator 73
15. Brillouin Zones 80
16. Normalising Inside a Potential Box and the Discrete Nature of Quasimomentum 85
17. Theory of the Quasifree Electron 90
18. Theory of the Quasibound Electron 105
19. Effective Mass Method. Influence of External Fields on Energy Spectrum of a Crystal 119
20. Localised States 125
21. Elementary Theory of Impurity States 130
22. Surface States 138
23. Quantisation of Electron Energy in a Magnetic Field. Landau Levels 141
24. Pauli Principle. Concept of Metal, Semiconductor, and Dielectric 146
25. Main Features of the Hole 153
26. Band Structure of Some Semiconductors. Calculation Methods 158
27. Quasiparticle Concept 175

Chapter III. Electron and Hole Statistics in Semiconductors 180
28. Density of States 180
29. Electron and Hole Concentrations 189
30. Electric Neutrality Equation 197
31. Intrinsic Semiconductor 200
32. Extrinsic Semiconductor. Impurity of One Type 205
33. Semiconductor Doped with Both Acceptor and Donor Impurities 215
34. Degenerate Semiconductor 221
35. Density of States in a Magnetic Field 225

Chapter IV. Kinetic Phenomena in Semiconductors 234
36. Boltzmann’s Kinetic Equation 234
37. Relaxation Time 241
38. Electric Current Density and Energy Flux Density 249
39. Kinetic Coefficients 253
40. Conductivity of Semiconductors 261
41. Galvanomagnetic Effects 270
42. Hall Effect in Extrinsic Conductivity Range 280
43. Hall Effect in a Substance with Several Types of Charge Carriers 288
44. Magnetic Field Dependence of Hall Coefficient 294
45. Magnetoresistive Effect 302
46. Heat Conductivity of Semiconductors 311
47. Thermoelectric Phenomena 318
48. Thermomagnetic Phenomena 334
49. General Analysis of Kinetic Phenomena 338
50. On Kinetic Phenomena in Semiconductors with Tensor Effective Masses 348
51. Tensorsensitive Effect. Tensorsensitivity 352
52. Piezoresistive Effect. Piezoresistance Coefficients 359

Chapter V. The Theory of Charge Carrier Scattering 369
53. Effective Scattering Cross Section 369
54. Relationship Between Relaxation Time and Effective Cross Section 378
55. Elements of Quantum Transition Theory 383
56. Impurity Ion Scattering 390
57. Scattering by Neutral Impurity Atoms 398
58. Lattice Vibrations. Normal Coordinates, Phonons 401
59. Acoustical and Optical Lattice Vibrations 409
60. Lattice Specific Heat. Phonon Statistics 422
61. Scattering by Thermal Lattice Vibrations. Method of Deformation Potential 432
62. Temperature Dependence of Charge Carrier Mobility 441
63. Dependence of Relaxation Time on External Fields. Deviations from Ohm’s Law 452

Chapter VI. Charge Carrier Recombination 461
64. Continuity Equation. Lifetime 461
65. Recombination Mechanism. Linear Recombination 472
66. Diffusion and Drift of Nonequilibrium Charge Carriers 484
67. Surface Recombination 492

Chapter VII. Contact Phenomena in Semiconductors 497
68. Debye Length 497
69. Work Function 510
70. Contact Potential Difference. Metal-Metal Contact 515
71. Metal-Semiconductor Contact 519
72. Inhomogeneous Semiconductor, p-n Junction 525

Chapter VIII. Optical and Photoelectrical Phenomena in Semiconductors 532
73. Light-Absorption Spectrum 532
74. Light Absorption by Free Charge Carriers 536
75. Cyclotron Resonance 546
76. Intrinsic Light Absorption 555
77. Absorption of Light by the Lattice 573
78. Light Absorption by Electrons in Localised States 579
79. Influence of the Ambient on Absorption Spectrum 586
80. Photoresistive Effect 590
81. Dember Effect. Photovoltaic Effect 599
82. Photomagnetoelectric Effect 608
83. Faraday Effect 613
84. Spin-Orbital Splitting of Energy Bands 623

Appendix. Introduction to the Theory of Groups 633

Space Transformations 633
Group of Symmetry Transformations. Properties of Group Elements 639
Relation Between Groups 643
Representation of Groups 646
The Properties of Irreducible Representations 649
The Basis of a Representation 652
Direct Product of Representations 655
Point Groups 659
Translational Groups. Brillouin Zones 665
The Wave Vector Group 671
Schrödinger Equation 680
Twin Groups. Time Inversion 684
Recommended Literature 694

Stability And Oscillation Of Elastic Systems Modern Concepts, Paradoxes And Errors by Ya. G. Panovko; I. I. Gubanova

This book discusses contemporary problems such as “jumps” in elastic systems, problems of aeroelasticity, problems of frictional self-oscillations, and self-synchronization, providing only the elementary data on these topics.

The first part examines the stability of equilibrium shapes in elastic systems. It addresses stability loss in cases of similar equilibrium shapes, the disappearance of stable equilibrium forms, and the absence of any equilibrium states. The error made by Euler in analysing stability loss is highlighted, and Mises’ truss is used as an example of stability loss in cases of similar equilibrium shapes.

The second part focuses on problems related to oscillations of linear systems, including systems with a fractional number of degrees of freedom, as well as the free oscillations of a cantilever in the field of centrifugal forces. Four methods for solving the problem of the action of periodic instantaneous impulses are presented. The Tacoma catastrophe is analysed as an example of aeroelastic oscillations.

Finally, the book explores problems of nonlinear system oscillations, including the vibration maintenance of rotation, the Sommerfeld effect, and self-oscillations of a quasi-system with dry friction.

You can get the book here and here

Follow us on

Twitter https://x.com/MirTitles

Mastadon https://mastodon.social/@mirtitles

Bluesky https://bsky.app/profile/mirtitles.bsky.social

Tumblr https://www.tumblr.com/mirtitles

Internet Archive https://archive.org/details/mir-titles

Fork us on gitlab https://gitlab.com/mirtitles

Table of Contents

Foreword
Foreword to the First Edition …………………………………………….. v
Foreword to the Second Edition ……………………………………………. vi
Part 1: The Stability of Equilibrium Shapes of Elastic Systems
Introduction ………………………………………………………………….. 1

Chapter I: The Loss of Stability Upon the Appearance of Similar Equilibrium Shapes

§1. Euler’s Error ……………………………………………………………………. 5
§2. The Effect of Subcritical Compression of a Bar on the Critical Value of the Compressive Force …. 11
§3. One Version of the Application of the Energy Method ………………………. 17
§4. Loads Whose Values Depend on the Displacements ………………………….. 22
Chapter II: Loss of Stability Upon the Appearance of Non-Similar Equilibrium Shapes

§5. The Mises’ Truss ………………………………………………………………… 43
§6. The Stability of a Fluted Strip ………………………………………………….. 51
§7. More Examples of Systems with Jumps; Discussion of the Results …………. 58
Chapter III: Stability Loss Upon the Disappearance of Stable Equilibrium Shapes

§8. Tracking Loads: Static Statement of the Problem …………………………. 70
§9. Tracking Loads: Dynamic Statement of the Problem …………………….. 80
§10. Tracking Loads: A System with Two Degrees of Freedom ………………… 87
§11. The History of the Problem …………………………………………………… 91
Chapter IV: Stability Losses When Any Forms of Equilibrium Disappear

§12. General Stability of High Buildings ………………………………………… 97
§13. Characteristics of “Deformation Calculations” …………………………….. 104
§14. Two Discussions (Solutions of R. Lorenz and V. E. Vlasov) ……………….. 113
§15. Stability Losses of a Rod Under Tension …………………………………. 125
§16. Critical Internal Pressure for a Spherical Shell ……………………………. 136
§17. Rotation of a Flexible Shaft in a Rigid Tube-Shell ………………………… 140
Chapter V: Buckling of Not Fully Elastic Rods

§18. Elastic-Plastic Buckling: Classical Concept ……………………………….. 153
§19. Elastic-Plastic Buckling: Present-Day Concept ……………………………. 160
§20. Buckling of a Rod in a Statically Indeterminate System …………………. 167
§21. Stability Loss in the Case of Material Creep ……………………………….. 175
Part 2: Oscillations of Elastic Systems
Introduction …………………………………………………………………… 184

Chapter VI: Certain Problems of Oscillations of Linear Systems

§22. System with a Fractional Number of Degrees of Freedom ………………. 187

§23. Free Oscillations of a Cantilever in the Field of Centrifugal Forces ………. 192

§24. Equal-Frequency Shock Absorber ……………………………………………. 197

§25. Comments on the Formulas of Rayleigh and Grammel ……………………… 201

§26. Lagrange Errors ………………………………………………………………. 214

§27. Formula of A. N. Krylov ………………………………………………………. 224

§28. Four Methods of Solving the Problem of the Action of Periodic Instantaneous Impulses …….. 233

§29. Superpositions: Variations of Using It in Problems of Forced Oscillations … 244

§30. The “Inverse” Form of Differential Equations of Oscillations ……………. 252

§31. Terminology Information: Impedance, Receptance, Admittance, Response, Anti-Resonance …. 259

§32. Parametric Excitation of Oscillations ……………………………………… 269

§33. Destabilizing Action of the Forces of Viscous Friction …………………….. 285

§34. Linear Realisations of Dry Friction Forces …………………………………. 292

§35. Paradox Connected with Damping Coverings ……………………………… 302

§36. Damping of Pipeline Oscillations by Coriolis Forces ………………………. 309

Chapter VII: Dynamic Action of a Moving Load

§37. Brief Historical Sketch ……………………………………………………… 314
§38. Bresse Error ……………………………………………………………………… 322
§39. A Travelling Bending Wave …………………………………………………….. 327
§40. Action of an Infinite Strip of a Moving Load ………………………………. 332
Chapter VIII: Aeroelastic Oscillations

§41. Dynamic Problems of Aeroelasticity Theory ……………………………….. 338
§42. “Classical” Flutter ………………………………………………………………. 341
§43. Tacoma Catastrophe: Separation Flutter …………………………………… 351
Chapter IX: Problems of Nonlinear System Oscillations

§44. Vibration Maintenance of Rotation …………………………………………. 358
§45. Dynamics of the Boisse-Sarda Regulator …………………………………… 365
§46. Sommerfeld Effect ………………………………………………………………… 372
§47. Self-Oscillations: Method of Slowly Changing Amplitudes ……………….. 383
§48. Self-Oscillations of a Quasi-System with Dry Friction …………………… 393
§49. Discontinuous Self-Oscillations in the Case of Dry Friction ……………. 400
§50. Delta Method ……………………………………………………………………… 406

भौतिक विज्ञान सहज बोध (Physics For Entertainment In Hindi ) by या. इ. पेरेलमान (Yakov Perelman)

विश्वविख्यात भौतिक विज्ञानी या. इ. पेरेलमान की कृति महत्त्वपूर्ण पुस्तक ‘Physics for Entertainment’ का अनुवाद

बी.एस.के. काले

अनुवादक देवेन्द्र प्र. शर्मा

Many thanks to @life123 for scans

Note: There is slight warping on some pages but the print is very clear and readable

You can get the book here and here

Follow us on

Twitter https://x.com/MirTitles

Mastadon https://mastodon.social/@mirtitles

Bluesky https://bsky.app/profile/mirtitles.bsky.social

Tumblr https://www.tumblr.com/mirtitles

Internet Archive https://archive.org/details/mir-titles

Fork us on gitlab https://gitlab.com/mirtitles

The Experience Of Soviet Medicine During The Great Patriotic War 1941-1945

A collection of Soviet experiences with battlefield injuries and their treatment during second world war.

You can get the book here and here

Follow us on

Twitter https://x.com/MirTitles

Mastadon https://mastodon.social/@mirtitles

Bluesky https://bsky.app/profile/mirtitles.bsky.social

Tumblr https://www.tumblr.com/mirtitles

Internet Archive https://archive.org/details/mir-titles

Fork us on gitlab https://gitlab.com/mirtitles

Contents

Table of Contents
General Section
Chapter I A Brief Historical Overview of the Methods of Treating Firearms Wounds of the Peripheral Nerves 1
Chapter II General Questions of Firearms-Inflicted Wounds to the Peripheral Nerves 17
Chapter III The Histopathology of Peripheral Nerve Trunks in Combat Trauma 62
Chapter IV Regeneration of Nerve Trunks After Firearms Wounds 102
Chapter V On the Organization of Treatment-Evacuation Aid for Firearms-Inflicted Wounds to the Peripheral Nerves 140
Chapter VI General Symptomatology and Diagnosis of Firearms Wounds to the Peripheral Nerves 156
Special Section
Chapter I The Clinical Treatment and Diagnostics of Firearms Wounds to Individual Peripheral Nerves 199

Chapter II Firearms Injuries to the Craniocerebral Nerves 269

Chapter III Surgical Treatment of Firearms Wounds to the Peripheral Nerves 288

Chapter IV Firearms Injuries of the Intercostal Nerves and the Thoracoabdominal Nerve 557

Chapter V Conservative Treatment of Firearms Injuries to the Peripheral Nerves 570

Chapter VI The Clinical Picture and Treatment of Reflex Contractures and Paralyses Developing After Firearms Injuries to the Peripheral Nerves 633

Chapter VII Causalgia and Its Treatment 676

Chapter VIII Orthopaedic Operations for Consequences of Peripheral Nerve Injuries 759

Chapter IX Residual Manifestations of Peripheral Nerve Injuries and the Methodology of Treating Them in the Later Period 775

Chapter X Long-Term Results of Surgical Treatment of Firearms-Inflicted Injuries to the Peripheral Nerves 787

Conclusion 816

அனைவருக்குமான இயற்பியல் இயக்கம், வெப்பம் (Physics For Everyone Motion, Heat In Tamil ) by எல். லாண்டாவோ (L. Landau); அ. கிட்டகரோட்ஸ்கி (A. Kitaigorodsky)

We have tried to write this book in a light and simple style, not denying ourselves the pleasure of an occasional joke with the reader. But this does not in any way mean that our Physics for Everyone is an easy book. Many of its pages must be read attentively for a long time; in order to understand physics, one must very often think hard and tensely.

The book’s main concern is the fundamental laws and concepts of physics. However, we have tried not to forget about illustrations from life and technology, true, not having the aim of dealing in any way with the inexhaustible field of applied physics.

நாங்கள் இந்தப் புத்தகத்தை இலகுவான மற்றும் எளிய பாணியில் எழுத முயன்றுள்ளோம், வாசகருடன் பொழுதுபோக்கு செய்யும் occasional ஜோக்குகளை நாங்கள் தவறவில்லை. ஆனால் இது எங்கள் ‘எல்லோருக்கும் புவியியல்’ ஒரு எளிய புத்தகம் என்பதை பொருளல்ல. அதன் பல பக்கங்களை கவனமாகவும் நீண்ட நேரம் வாசிக்க வேண்டும்; புவியியலைப் புரிந்துகொள்ள, பல முறை தீவிரமாகவும் சிந்திக்க வேண்டும்.

இந்த புத்தகத்தின் முதன்மை கவனம் புவியியலின் அடிப்படை விதிமுறைகள் மற்றும் கருத்துக்களிலேயே உள்ளது. அதே நேரத்தில், வாழ்க்கையிலிருந்து மற்றும் தொழில்நுட்பத்திலிருந்து எடுத்துக்காட்டுகளை மறக்காமல் இருக்க நாம் முயற்சித்துள்ளோம், ஆனால் வரையறுக்க முடியாத ஆபரேஷனல் புவியியல் பற்றிய விரிவான விவாதத்தை எங்களது நோக்கமாக வைத்திருக்கவில்லை.

தமிழாக்கம்: டாக்டர் இ. பழனியாண்டி

You can get the book here and here

Follow us on

Twitter https://x.com/MirTitles

Mastadon https://mastodon.social/@mirtitles

Bluesky https://bsky.app/profile/mirtitles.bsky.social

Tumblr https://www.tumblr.com/mirtitles

Internet Archive https://archive.org/details/mir-titles

Fork us on gitlab https://gitlab.com/mirtitles

कथा ही नाण्यांची (The Story Of Coins In Marathi) by गेरमन अलेक्सेइविच फ्योदोरोव-दविदोव (G. A. Fedorov-Davydov)

प्राख्यात सोविएत इतिहासकार आणि संशोधक गेरमन अलेक्सेइविच फ्योदोरोव – दविदोव यांनी लिहिलेल्या या पुस्तकामध्ये नाण्यांच्या इतिहासाचा परामर्ष घेण्यात आला आहे. इतिहासातील अनेक अत्यंत महत्वाच्या आणि मनोरंजक घटनांचा नाण्यांशी दाट संबंध आहे. नाण्यांच्या उदयापूर्वीच्या काळापासून ते आधुनिक नाण्यांच्या जन्माप- र्यंतचा कालखंड हा अशा मनोरंजक घटनांनी पूर्णपणे व्यापलेला आहे. इतिहासामध्ये आणि त्याचप्रमाणे नाण्यांम- ध्ये स्वारस्य असलेल्या सर्व वयोगटातील वाचकांसाठी हे पुस्तक अत्यंत उपयुक्त ठरेल.

अनुक्रमणिका

पाश्र्वभूमी ६
प्राचीन जगातील देशांचा फेरफटका २१
मध्ययुगीन नाणी ४७
प्राचीन रशिया ८३
आधुनिक इतिहासाचे पर्व ११०
भारतीय नाणी १३२

अनुवाद: डॉ. रविंद्र रसाळ

You can get the book here and here

Follow us on

Twitter https://x.com/MirTitles

Mastadon https://mastodon.social/@mirtitles

Bluesky https://bsky.app/profile/mirtitles.bsky.social

Tumblr https://www.tumblr.com/mirtitles

Internet Archive https://archive.org/details/mir-titles

Fork us on gitlab https://gitlab.com/mirtitles

Sleep, Hypnosis, Dreams by L. Rokhlin

A popular exposition of various aspects of human body and sleep.

CONTENTS

Page

Introduction …………………………………………….. 5
The Significance of Sleep …………………………………. 9
Changes Occurring in the Body During Sleep …………………… 11
Criticism of Various Theories of Sleep ……………………………. 15
Pavlov on Sleep ……………………………………………….. 23
Pavlov on Hypnosis …………………………………………….. 36
Dreams, Their Causes and Nature ………………………………. 48
Different States of Sleep and Conditions Conducive to Sleep ……… 73
Therapy by Prolonged Sleep …………………………………… 77
Disorders of Sleep ……………………………………………… 81
Morbid Sleep …………………………………………………… 81
Hygiene of Sleep ………………………………………………. 83

You can get the book here and here

Follow us on

Twitter https://x.com/MirTitles

Mastadon https://mastodon.social/@mirtitles

Bluesky https://bsky.app/profile/mirtitles.bsky.social

Tumblr https://www.tumblr.com/mirtitles

Internet Archive https://archive.org/details/mir-titles

Fork us on gitlab https://gitlab.com/mirtitles

Theory Of Stellar Spectra by V.V. Sobolev

The only source of our information on stars is their radiation. From stellar spectra we judge the structure of stellar atmospheres, their chemical composition, and physical processes taking place there. Spectrograms are interpreted on the basis of the theory of stellar spectra, wherein lies its enormous value for astrophysics. Until recently astronomers could observe stellar radiation only in a very small range of frequencies making up the visible region of the spectrum. However, about 20 years ago radio astronomy came into being which permits investigating the radiation of celestial bodies in a completely different spectral region.

Quite recently, in connection with the launching of satellites and rockets, there arose the theoretical possibility of obtaining stellar spectra in any frequency range. So far, highly useful spectrograms of stars and the sun have been obtained in the so-called rocket ultraviolet. It is obvious that this broadening of observational data will even further increase the significance of the theory of stellar spectra. At the same time it is necessary to improve and extend this theory.

The surface layers of stars, out of which their spectra arise, represent
strongly ionized gases, i.e., plasma. Plasma studies are also being carried out in physics laboratories, having increased in intensity of late. Methods used by physicists in studying plasmas are in many respects similar to methods used by astrophysicists in studying stellar atmospheres. Therefore, the theory of stellar spectra is of interest not only to astrophysicists but also to physicists.

An excellent example of the broad interest in the theory of stellar spectra is the summer seminary on problems of this theory, organized by the
Astronomical Council of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR and the Leningrad University and held in Leningrad in June 1964* About 150 young astrophysicists and physicists of the Soviet Union participated in the sessions. This book was written on the basis of the lectures given at that time.
The first part of the book examines atomic processes associated with the
formation of spectra, with special emphasis on calculation of the energy levels of the atom and the probability of transitions between these levels. The second part deals with the theory of radiation transfer, which forms an important aspect of the theory of stellar spectra. The next two parts discuss the most essential problems in the formation of spectra of different types of stars and nebulae. The last part, devoted to ultraviolet spectra of celestial bodies, mainly gives a review of observational data and their qualitative interpretation (since, as yet, no quantitative theory of these spectra has been established).
The diversity of the problems of the modern theory of stellar spectra makes it impossible to present them with sufficient completeness in a single monograph.
The authors of this book have endeavored to acquaint the reader with the most important of these problems.

You can get the book here and here

Follow us on

Twitter https://x.com/MirTitles

Mastadon https://mastodon.social/@mirtitles

Bluesky https://bsky.app/profile/mirtitles.bsky.social

Tumblr https://www.tumblr.com/mirtitles

Internet Archive https://archive.org/details/mir-titles

Fork us on gitlab https://gitlab.com/mirtitles

Preface …………………………………………… iii
PART I. PHYSICAL PROCESSES CONNECTED WITH THE FORMATION OF SPECTRA ………… 1
Plasma Spectroscopy (S.E. Frish) …………………….. 1
Calculations of Atomic Energy Levels (A.P. Yutsis and Ya.I. Vizbarayte) …………… 23
Theory of Atomic Transitions (G.F. Drukarev) ……….. 35

PART II. THEORY OF RADIATIVE TRANSFER ……………………… 64
Certain Nonlinear Problems of the Theory of Radiative Transfer (V.A. Ambartsumyan) ……. 64
Radiative Diffusion in Gases (V.V. Sobolev) …………. 75
Determination of the Populations of Excited Levels in an Optically Thick Gas Layer (V.V. Ivanov) ……….. 92
Nonstationary Radiation Field (I.N. Minin) …………. 116
Randomized Problem of Diffuse Reflection (R.V. Ambartsumyan) ………… 135

PART III. SPECTRA OF FIXED STARS ……………………….. 140
Models of Stellar Atmospheres (V.V. Sobolev) ………. 140
Continuous Spectra of Hot White Dwarfs (A.K. Kolesov) ……. 147
Model Atmospheres of Main-Sequence Stars of Class M (V.G. Buslavskiy) …….. 152
Determination of the Chemical Composition of Stellar Atmospheres (A.A. Boyarchuk) ……….. 160

PART IV. SPECTRA OF NONSTATIONARY STARS AND INTERSTELLAR MATTER ………… 170
Spectra of Nonstationary (Variable) Stars (V.G. Gorbatskiy) ……….. 170
Analysis of the Emission Spectra of Nonstationary Stars (A.A. Boyarchuk) ………… 194
Spectra of Interstellar Matter (S.A. Kaplan) ………… 203
Radio Observations of Planetary Nebulae (Yu. N. Pariyskiy) ………. 216

PART V. SPECTRA OF CELESTIAL BODIES IN THE FAR ULTRAVIOLET REGION ……….. 220
Spectra of Celestial Bodies in the Far Ultraviolet Region (G.A. Gurzadyan) ………. 220

Psychological Research In The USSR Volume 1

A collection of articles on psychological research in the USSR.

You can get the book here and here

Follow us on

Twitter https://x.com/MirTitles

Mastadon https://mastodon.social/@mirtitles

Bluesky https://bsky.app/profile/mirtitles.bsky.social

Tumblr https://www.tumblr.com/mirtitles

Internet Archive https://archive.org/details/mir-titles

Fork us on gitlab https://gitlab.com/mirtitles

Contents

From the Editors ……………………………………………………………………. 7

PART ONE
General Problems of Psychology and Psychophysiology

Development of the Higher Mental Functions, by L. S. Vygotsky.
Translated by D. Myshne …………………………………………………………… 11

Problem of Development of the Higher Mental Functions ………….. 11
Method of Investigation ……………………………………………………….. 15
Structure of the Higher Mental Functions ………………………………… 21
Genesis of the Higher Mental Functions ………………………………….. 35

Problems of Psychological Theory, by S. L. Rubinstein.
Translated by D. Myshne …………………………………………………………… 59

Special Features of the Afferent Apparatus of the Conditioned Reflex and Their Importance to Psychology, by P. K. Anokhin.
Translated by D. Myshne …………………………………………………………… 67

Concerning the Decisive Role of Afferent Systems in Nervous Activity ………………………………………………………………………….. 68
Theory of Return Afferentation ………………………………………………. 71
Theory of the Acceptor of Action ……………………………………………. 81
Role of the Foregoing Theory in Explaining Certain Physiological and Mental Phenomena ……………………………………………………… 94

The Physiology of Conditioned Reflex, by E. A. Asratyan ………… 99

Bilateral Regulation as a Mechanism of Behaviour, by B. G. Ananyev.
Translated by D. Rottenberg …………………………………………………….. 128

Some Problems on the Control of Motor Acts, by N. A. Bernstein.
Translated by D. Danimanis ……………………………………………………… 139

Results of Experimental Studies on Properties of the Nervous System in Man, by B. M. Teplov and V. D. Nebylitsyn.
Translated by D. Rottenberg …………………………………………………….. 151

“Properties” and “Types” …………………………………………………….. 152
Syndromes of Basic Properties of the Nervous System …………….. 182
Correlation Between Mobility and Strength of the Nervous System …………………………………………………………………………… 186
Investigation of the “Inhibitory” Problem ……………………………….. 189
Electrical Activity of the Cerebral Cortex and Properties of the Nervous System ……………………………………………………………. 193
PART TWO
Sensations. Perceptions

On the Nature of Mental Reflection, by J. V. Shorokhova.
Translated by D. Myshne …………………………………………………………. 201

Interaction of the Sense Organs, by S. V. Kravkov.
Translated by D. Rottenberg …………………………………………………….. 225

Conclusion …………………………………………………………………………. 259

Manual Interaction in the Process of Tactile Perception, by B. F. Lomov.
Translated by D. Rottenberg …………………………………………………….. 260

General Characteristics of Perception …………………………………… 260
Manual Functional Asymmetries and Their Origin ………………….. 265
Experimental Data on Bimanual Interaction in Man ………………… 272
Specific Features of Bimanual Tactile Perception ……………………. 276
The Process of Bimanual Perception …………………………………….. 281
Digital Interaction in the Process of Bimanual Palpation …………. 287
Conditions Required for the Formation of an Integral Image in Bimanual Palpation ……………………………………………………….. 295
Synchronous Bimanual Palpation of Two Objects ………………….. 304

On the Basic Properties of the Mental Image and a General Approach to Their Analogue Simulation, by L. M. Wekker.
Translated by D. Myshne …………………………………………………………. 310

General Historical and Theoretical Premises in Stating the Problem of the Image ……………………………………………………… 310
Concerning Cybernetic Principles of the Theory of Image ………… 314
On the Control Function of the Image ……………………………………. 321
Concerning the Construction of a Mental Image …………………….. 326

Orienting Reflex as Information, by Y. N. Sokolov.
Translated by D. Myshne …………………………………………………………. 330

Criterion for Isolating the Orienting Reflex as an Independent Functional System ……………………………………………………….. 330
Orienting Reflex and Activation Reaction ……………………………… 335
Extinction of the Orienting Reflex and Associative Phenomena … 340
“Nerve Model of the Stimulus” ……………………………………………. 345
Algorithm of the Orienting Reaction During Differentiation of Sound Sequences ……………………………………………………….. 349
Algorithm of the Orienting Reaction in Tactile Perception ………. 359
Conclusion …………………………………………………………………………. 360

Concerning the Activity of Man’s Visual System, by A. N. Leontyev and Y. B. Gippenreiter.
Translated by D. Myshne …………………………………………………………. 361

Development of Perceptual Activity and Formation of a Sensory Image in the Child, by A. V. Zaporozhets and V. P. Zinchenko.
Translated by D. Myshne …………………………………………………………. 395

[Psychology] of Set, by R. Natadze.
Translated by D. Myshne

Method
Preliminary Experiments
The Basic Experiment
Results of the First Variant of the Basic Experiment
Results of the Second Variant of the Basic Experiment
Conclusions

Concerning Time Perception and the Feedback Principle, by D. G. Elkin.
Translated by D. Myshne

🔍 Ah, yes, because nothing screams "compelling read" like a thrilling compilation of Soviet-era literature and Chinese folk tales. 📚✨ Dive into this digital labyrinth of #hyperlinks if your idea of a good time is getting hopelessly lost in a maze of dead social media links and Git repositories. 🤯🔥
https://mirtitles.org #SovietLiterature #ChineseFolkTales #DigitalLabyrinth #GitRepositories #HackerNews #ngated

Earth, Sweet Earth ( Science For Everyone) by Ekaterina Radkevich

The book is based on the author’s impressions of her numerous expeditions in the many countries. It is a fascinating narrative rather than a mere record of facts irrespective of how scientifically valid they can be. The book is bound to be appreciated as a piece of absorbing reading by anyone who cares to increase the scope of his or her competence about our sweet home of a planet that must be saved from destruction at all costs.

Ekaterina Radkevich, Corresponding Member of the USSR Academy of Sciences, is one of the most distinguished geologists whose works are well known in her own country and in many other parts of the world. The overwhelming success of her publications is chiefly due to her indefatigable practical activity in the USSR and elsewhere and her unflagging interest in theoretical research which she has been conducting for quite some time at the Institute of Geological Studies in the Far East (Viadivostok).

Note: This book was the last remaining volume in the Science for Everyone Series! This completes volume the SFE series in English.

Many, many thanks to Hassaan Ali who purchased and posted this book to us to complete  this series. Much appreciated help!

You can get the book here and here

Follow us on

Twitter https://x.com/MirTitles

Mastadon https://mastodon.social/@mirtitles

Bluesky https://bsky.app/profile/mirtitles.bsky.social

Tumblr https://www.tumblr.com/mirtitles

Internet Archive https://archive.org/details/mir-titles

Fork us on gitlab https://gitlab.com/mirtitles

Contents
How I Became a Geologist (In Lieu of a Preface) 7

Part I. The Earth in the Universe 20

Chapter 1. The Earth as a Cosmic Body 20

Chapter 2. The Planet Earth 29

Chapter 3. The Deep-seated Structure of the Earth 38

Chapter 4. The Development of Views on the Origin of Earth and Other Planets of the Solar System 47

Part II. The History of the Development of the Earth 58

Chapter 5. The Dawn 58

Chapter 6. Life: The Earth’s Chronicle 70

Part III. Geology Everywhere 100

Chapter 7. The Work of the Wind 102

Chapter 8. The Role of Water in the Transformation of Our Planet 113

Chapter 9. The Activity of Subterranean Forces 127

Part IV. The Composition of the Earth’s Crust 147

Chapter 10. Sedimentary Rocks 147

Chapter 11. Magmatic (Igneous) Rocks 159

Chapter 12. Metamorphic Rocks 185

Part V. The Movements of the Earth’s Crust 202

Chapter 13. Mountains: Old and Young 203

Chapter 14. The Deformation of Rocks 208

Chapter 15. Fixism vs. Mobilism 216

Part VI. Mineral Resources 236

Chapter 16. The Mineral Kingdom 236

Chapter 17. Mineral Raw Materials and Technical Progress 258

Chapter 18. The Future of Mineral Raw Resources 280

Chapter 19. How Ores Are Formed 286

Chapter 20. The Science of Metallogeny 308

Chapter 21. In Quest of Ores 328

Chapter 22. At the Metallogenic Map of the Pacific Belt 338

Chapter 23. Mineral Resources of the Seas and the Underwater Storerooms of Mineral Raw Materials 349

Chapter 24. Save Our Earth! 361

To End on a Poetic Note 367

ଆଲେକ୍ସେଇ କ୍ରିଲୋଭ From Bonfire To Reactor (In Odia by Alexei Krylov)

A popular science book for children explaining various sources of energy and how we can harness them from nature.

Some really fantastic full page drawings by Andrei Platonov

Translated to Oriya

Why do airplanes fly?
What makes cars and trains run?
Why is electricity provided to our homes and to factories? Why do people eat? Indeed, why and what for?

ତିହାସ

– ଚିତ୍ରାଙ୍କନ – ଆଦେଲ ପ୍ଲାଟୋନୋଭ୍

ଅନୁବାଦ – ଅରୁଣ ଢୁମାର ମହାନ୍ତ
– ମୁଖ୍ୟ ପରିବେଶକ – ନବଯୁଗ ଗ୍ରନ୍ଥାଳୟ

ବଜ୍ରକବାଟି ରୋତ୍

କଟକ – ୭୫୩୦୦୧

ଶିଶୁମାନଙ୍କ ପାଇଁ ଏକ ଲୋକପ୍ରିୟ ବିଜ୍ଞାନ ପୁସ୍ତକ, ଯାହାରେ ଉର୍ଜାର ବିଭିନ୍ନ ସ୍ରୋତ ଏବଂ ପ୍ରକୃତିରୁ ସେଗୁଡ଼ିକୁ କିପରି ଅଧିଗମନ କରାଯାଇପାରେ, ସେବିଷୟରେ ବିସ୍ତାରରେ ବ୍ୟାଖ୍ୟା କରାଯାଇଛି।

ଆନ୍ଦ୍ରେଇ ପ୍ଲାଟୋନଭଙ୍କ ଦ୍ୱାରା ଆକର୍ଷଣୀୟ ପୃଷ୍ଠା ପୃଷ୍ଠା ଅଙ୍କନରେ ଭରିଥିବା ପୃଷ୍ଠାଗୁଡ଼ିକ ପୁସ୍ତକକୁ ଆରୋ ଆକର୍ଷଣୀୟ କରିଛି।

ଏହି ପ୍ରଶ୍ନଗୁଡ଼ିକ ଜିଜ୍ଞାସାକୁ ଜଗାଇ ଦିଏ:
ଏୟାରପ୍ଲେନ୍ କାହିଁକି ଉଡେ?
କାହିଁକି ଗାଡ଼ି ଏବଂ ଟ୍ରେନ୍ ଚାଲେ?
ଆମ ଘର ଏବଂ କାରଖାନାଗୁଡ଼ିକୁ ବିଦ୍ୟୁତ୍ କାହିଁକି ଯୋଗାଇ ଯାଏ?
ଲୋକମାନେ କାହିଁକି ଖାଉଛନ୍ତି?
ସତରେ, କାହିଁକି ଏବଂ କଣ ପାଇଁ?

You can get the book here and here

Follow us on

Twitter https://x.com/MirTitles

Mastadon https://mastodon.social/@mirtitles

Bluesky https://bsky.app/profile/mirtitles.bsky.social

Tumblr https://www.tumblr.com/mirtitles

Internet Archive https://archive.org/details/mir-titles

Fork us on gitlab https://gitlab.com/mirtitles

रासायनिक मूलद्रव्यांचा शोध – दमी. त्रीफोनोव, व. त्रीफोनोव (Chemical Elements How They Were Discovered In Marathi by D. N. Trifonov, V. D. Trifonov )

या पुस्तकामध्ये आपण रसायनशास्त्रातील “मुळाक्षरां “ची कशी रचना झाली, तसेच आपल्या चौकस बुद्धिमत्तेतून संशोधकांनी एकामागोमाग एकेका नव्या मूलद्रव्याचा शोध कसा लावला याचे विवेचन करणार आहोत.

बहुतेक सर्व रासायनिक मूलद्रव्यांवर अनेक पुस्तके लिहिली गेली आहेत. त्यांची संख्या एवढी प्रचंड आहे की त्यांचे एक स्वतंत्र ग्रंथालयच होईल. त्या पुस्तकांमध्ये, मूलद्रव्यांचा अंतर्भाव असणारे खडक व खनिजे, त्यांच्या नि- एकर्षणाच्या विविध पद्धती, मूलद्रव्यांचे भौतिक आणि रासायनिक गुणधर्म यांचा आढावा घेतलेला असतो. काही मूलद्रव्ये आश्चर्य वाटण्याएवढी मुबलक आहेत. त्यांचे उपयोगही अनपेक्षित वाटावेत एवढ्या भिन्नभिन्न क्षेत्रात केलेले आढळतील. खरे तर आजच्या प्रगत वैज्ञानिक युगात प्रत्येक मूलद्रव्याचा काहीना काहीतरी महत्त्वपूर्ण उपयोग आहेच आहे असेच दिसेल. प्रत्येक मूलद्रव्याचे त्याचे स्वतःचे असे खास “चरित्र” असून ती सारी आपापल्या परीने वैशिष्ट्यपूर्णही आहेत हे खरे की मूलद्रव्यांच्या शोधांच्या इतिहासाबाबत अद्यापीही बरीच संदिग्धता आहे व इतिहासकारांना न सुटलेले प्रश्न अजूनही सोडविता आलेले नाहीत. कुणी सांगावे, त्यांच्यापैकी एखादा- दुसरा इतिहासकार तुम्हीही असू शकाल !

अनुवाद : राजेंद्र सहस्रबुद्धे

You can get the book here and here

Follow us on

Twitter https://x.com/MirTitles

Mastadon https://mastodon.social/@mirtitles

Bluesky https://bsky.app/profile/mirtitles.bsky.social

Tumblr https://www.tumblr.com/mirtitles

Internet Archive https://archive.org/details/mir-titles

Fork us on gitlab https://gitlab.com/mirtitles

पशु-प्रेम की कहानियाँ – द.न. मामिन-सिबिर्याक (Animal Tales In Hindi by D. Mamin Sibiryak)

रूसी भाषा से अनूदित’ पशु-प्रेम की कहानियाँ’ नामक यह पुस्तक किशोर पाठकों के लिए है। इन कहानियों के रचनाकार हैं उन्नीसवीं शताब्दी के रूसी लेखक द.न. मामिन सिबिर्याक। कहानियों का अनुवाद रूसी से किया गया है। प्रस्तुत संकलन में उनकी छह कहानियाँ सम्मिलित हैं। इन कहानियों के पात्र विभिन्न पशु पक्षी हैं। ‘शिकारी येमेल्या’ कहानी में शिकारी का हृदय परिवर्तन होता दिखाया गया है। इसके मुख्य पात्र हैं-मृग-शावक, हिरनी और तीतर। ‘पोस्तोइको’ कहानी उन कुत्तों के बार में है जिन्हें कमेटीवाले पकड़कर ले जाते हैं। इस कहानी में कुत्तों के आपसी व्यवहार को दिग्वाया गया है जिस कहानी से हमें यह पता चलता है कि मानव-सुलभ असमानता तथा ईर्ष्या जैसे अवगुण पशुओं के जीवन में भी देखे जा सकते हैं।’ प्रियौमिश’ नामक कहानी में बूढ़े शिकारी तरास का हंस के प्रति प्रेम प्रदर्शित किया गया जो किसी शिकारी की गोली से तो ब्रच निकला था परंतु उसकी हंसिनी मारी गई थी।’ भूग शेडका’ नामक कहानी में भी पंखकटी नीलसर चिड़िया के प्रति शिकारी के दया भाव को दिखाया गया है।’ आक बोजात’ नामक कहानी के मुख्य पात्र हैं घोड़ा और उसका मालिक। इसमें भी मनुष्य और पशु पारस्परिक प्रेम को दिखाया गया है। ‘ बूढ़ा गौरा’ नामक कहानी में यह पढ़ने को मिलेगा कि पालतू पक्षियों का गौग और गौरैया जैसे घरेलू पक्षियों में क्या अंतर होता है।

मनुष्य और पशुओं के बीच कैसा संबंध होना चाहिए यह मामिन-सिबिर्याक की ये रूसी, कहानियाँ हमारे किशोरों की इन कहानियों को पढ़कर पता चलता है। चय ही पसंद आएँगी और पशु-पक्षियों द.न. के प्रति उनकी रुचि बढ़ाने में सहायक सिद्ध होंगी।

द.न. मामिन-सिबिर्याक इस पुस्तक के रचनाकार दमीत्री नारकीसेविच मामिन-सिबिर्याक (1852 1912) हैं। द.न. मामिन-सिविर्याक का जन्म 6 नवंबर, 1852 को रूम के पेर्म प्रांत के एक पुरोहित परिवार में हुआ था। चार वर्ष तक आपने पुरोहिती की शिक्षा प्राप्तयी। इसके बाद सेंट पीटर्सबर्ग जाकर आपने पहले पशु-चिकित्सा का और फिर कानून का अध्ययन किया। परंतु भिन्न कारणों से उनकी शिक्षा अधूरी रह गई। उसके बाद आप यूराल क्षेत्र में वापस आ गए। उन्होंने ग्रराल की खानों और मजदूरों के बारे में लिखना शुरू किया। इस विषय पर उन्होंने कई उपन्यास लिखे हैं। उन्हें हम्,’ यूराल का गोर्की’ भी कह सकते हैं. यद्यपि वह गोकर्की के पूर्ववर्ती थे। इसीलिए तो गोर्की ने उन्हें अपना शिक्षक माना है। गोर्की उन्हें अपना मित्र समान भी मानते थे। 1891 ई. तक यूराल में रहने के बाद द.न. मामिन सिबिंर्याक सेंट पीटर्सबर्ग चले गए। वहीं 15 नवंबर, 1912 को उनका देहांत हुआ।

द.न. मामिन-सिविर्याक के लेखन में उनके बाल साहित्य का स्थान विशिष्ट है। किशोरों के लिए लिखी गई उनकी कहानियाँ हमेशा से ही बहुत लोर्काप्रय गही हैं। उनकी अधिकांश कहानियों में पशुओं के जीवन का सजीव चित्रण है जो इस पुस्तक में भी पढ़ने को मिलेगा।

You can get the book here and here

Follow us on

Twitter https://x.com/MirTitles

Mastadon https://mastodon.social/@mirtitles

Bluesky https://bsky.app/profile/mirtitles.bsky.social

Tumblr https://www.tumblr.com/mirtitles

Internet Archive https://archive.org/details/mir-titles

Fork us on gitlab https://gitlab.com/mirtitles

"How did #SovietAuthors treat the #Holocaust? How did it differ from work elsewhere? And what are some of the challenges translating these works into English?"

#HarrietMurav and #SashaSenderovich discuss the new collection of #shortStories they edited and translated, #InTheShadowOfTheHolocaust: Short Fiction by #JewishWriters from the #SovietUnion

https://www.euraknot.org/soviet-holocaust-literature/
#SovietJews #JewishHistory #WWII #SovietLiterature #HolocaustLiterature #books @bookstodon

The Turning Point by Otto Lacis

When farmers lease plots of land in abandoned villages today, the state of desolation they find there is amazing. Those villages are found in areas that were occupied by the enemy during the war and also in regions that the enemy did not reach. The desolation and neglect have nothing to do with the war. They were caused by the Great Turn imposed on the nation by Stalin—the turn that crushed the peasants’ initiative, diligence and desire to work.

You can get the book here and here

Follow us on

Twitter https://x.com/MirTitles

Mastadon https://mastodon.social/@mirtitles

Bluesky https://bsky.app/profile/mirtitles.bsky.social

Tumblr https://www.tumblr.com/mirtitles

Internet Archive https://archive.org/details/mir-titles

Fork us on gitlab https://gitlab.com/mirtitles

Cecil Rhodes And His Time by Apolion Davidson

Cecil Rhodes…

He has been spoken and written about for a hundred years. Do we really need yet another book?

And does his time, the age when the world was divided up by the European countries using people like Rhodes, really need to be written about again? After all, the age of colonialism is past.

When undertaking this book, the author believed that only now that the political dominance of colonialism has ended can one truly grasp this phenomenon as a whole. And this must be done since the imprint of colonialism still remains on states, and even continents, and on the lives and characters of their inhabitants.

The figure of Rhodes helps one to understand a great deal about how colonialism functioned and about the psychology of people of that time. Why did Rhodes become a symbol of the largest empire in the history of mankind? Why was it Rhodes who became the idol of colonialism in the epoch of the division of the world? And what impression did his personality leave on the nature of colonialism?

These are some of the questions which the book tries to answer.

Translated from the Russian by Christopher English

Designed by Oleg Grebenyuk

Jacket: The battle of the Umguza (April 22, 1896). reproduced from Oliver Ransford’s book Bulawayo: Historic Battleground of Rhodesia, Cape Town, 1968.

Title page: A late nineteenth-century map of Southern Africa showing the countries conquered by Rhodes (from the book Rhodes by J. G. Lockhart and Hon. C. M. Woodhouse, London, 1963).

You can get the book here and here

This is a cleaned, optimised scan.

Original Scan

Follow us on

Twitter https://x.com/MirTitles

Mastadon https://mastodon.social/@mirtitles

Bluesky https://bsky.app/profile/mirtitles.bsky.social

Tumblr https://www.tumblr.com/mirtitles

Internet Archive https://archive.org/details/mir-titles

Fork us on gitlab https://gitlab.com/mirtitles

Contents

Page

6 Testament of a Young Man

The Gold and Diamond King

26 “How Cecil Rhodes Made His Fortune”

64 His Road to Politics

79 Battle of the Magnates

Hero of the Day

96 The Land of Ophir Between the Zambezi and the Limpopo

120 From the “White Queen” to Inkosi Lobengula

165 Setting Up His Own State

182 His First Military Campaign

214 And the First War

239 The Idol of His Day

Instigator of the Boer War

262 The Conspiracy Against the Afrikaners

286 Rhodesia Against Rhodes

314 Mere Setback or Utter Debacle?

338 “Terug na Die Ou Transvaal” (“Back to the Old Transvaal”)

370 Fading Away

393 Conclusion

400 Appendix

416 References

436 Name Index

Anthony Eden by V. Trukhanovsky

In his monograph, V. Trukhanovsky, Corresponding Member of the USSR Academy of Sciences and a specialist on contemporary British history, presents a political biography of the famous British diplomat, Foreign Minister and Prime Minister, Anthony Eden, who played an important role in British foreign policy from the 1930s to the 1950s.

This political portrait of Anthony Eden also serves to illustrate Anglo-Soviet, Anglo-American and Anglo-European relations, particularly in the immediate pre-war years.

The author devotes specific attention to Eden’s political activity during the creation of the anti-Hitler coalition and in the post-war period.

This book represents a notable contribution to the elaboration of the history of international relations, and will be of interest to the wide readership.

You can get the book here and here

This is a cleaned optimised scan.

Original scan.

A 1984 Soviet work. Scanned by Ismail, sent to him by Crickwich.

Contents

From the Author 5

Chapter I The Beginning of the Road 7

Chapter II The First Stage in the Policy of “Appeasement” 41

Chapter III Foreign Secretary in a Government of “Appeasers” 96

Chapter IV The War Years 174

Chapter V Opposition: The First Post-War Decade 223

Chapter VI Failure of a Policy, Failure of a Career 285

Epilogue 345

World War II Myth The Realities by Oleg Rheshevsky

The history of World War II continues, to fascinate scholars and writers, political leaders and statesmen, military specialists and laymen the world over. As before, it stirs people’s hearts and minds. That lasting impact is due to the organic link between present day developments and the realities of the past. This book gives the Soviet view of the causes, principal events and results of the war. The polemic against Western historians aims at a correct understanding of the lessons of the war and of the vital importance of the people’s endeavours in behalf of detente and international security for preventing another world holocaust that might spell the end of civilisation.

Translated from the Russian by Sergei Chulaki

Designed by Igor Saiko

You can get the book here and here

This is a cleaned, optimised scan.

Original scan

A 1984 Soviet work. Scanned by Ismail, sent to him by Nathan O’Connor.

Follow us on

Twitter https://x.com/MirTitles

Mastadon https://mastodon.social/@mirtitles

Bluesky https://bsky.app/profile/mirtitles.bsky.social

Tumblr https://www.tumblr.com/mirtitles

Internet Archive https://archive.org/details/mir-titles

Fork us on gitlab https://gitlab.com/mirtitles

Contents

Introduction 5

Chapter One

Could the Second World War Have Been Prevented? 11

The Causes of the War 11

Two Worlds Two Policies 29

A Stream of Lies and the Truth of History 57

The Policy of Appeasement Bears Its Fruit 79

Chapter Two

Aggression and Disaster 103

Moscow Stalingrad Kursk 104

The Liberation Mission of the Soviet Armed Forces 137

On the Soviet Contribution to the Victory over Japan 150

Why Is the Bourgeois Concept of “Decisive Battles” Unfounded? 157

Chapter Three

The Sources of Victory over the Aggressors 170

The Economic Factor 172

The Political Factor 193

The Art of War 209

The Vanguard of the People and the Army 221

Chapter Four

The Second World War and Our Time 227

The New Balance of Forces and the Myth of the Soviet Threat 228

Historians vs. History 245

Conclusion 269

Name Index 273

விலங்கியல் – வ. ஷாலாயேவ், நி. ரீக்கவ் (Zoology In Tamil by V. Shalayev, N. Rykov)

A comprehensive textbook on zoology.

Translated from the Russian.

விலங்கியல் தொடர்பான முழுமையான பாடநூல்.ரஷிய மொழியில் இருந்து மொழிபெயர்க்கப்பட்டது.

Original scan by Digital Tamil Studies project. This is a cleaned, optimised scan.

You can get the book here and here

Follow us on

Twitter https://x.com/MirTitles

Mastadon https://mastodon.social/@mirtitles

Bluesky https://bsky.app/profile/mirtitles.bsky.social

Tumblr https://www.tumblr.com/mirtitles

Internet Archive https://archive.org/details/mir-titles

Fork us on gitlab https://gitlab.com/mirtitles

In The World Of Isotopes by V. Mezentsev

A little book describing basics of isotopes and their applications in various fields.

Translated from the Russian by George Yankovsky

You can get the book here and here

Credits to the original uploaders. This is a cleaned, optimised scan.

Follow us on

Twitter https://x.com/MirTitles

Mastadon https://mastodon.social/@mirtitles

Bluesky https://bsky.app/profile/mirtitles.bsky.social

Tumblr https://www.tumblr.com/mirtitles

Internet Archive https://archive.org/details/mir-titles

Fork us on gitlab https://gitlab.com/mirtitles

Contents

1. On the Threshold of a New Era 5
2. “Factories of Radioisotopes” 7
3. “Radioeyes” 12
4. Radioisotopes and Geological Prospecting 20
5. Tracer Atoms in Industry 22
6. Tracer Atoms in Chemistry 25
7. The Geological Clock 27
8. A Pocket Electric Station 32
9. The Atom in Agriculture 33
10. The Atom in Medicine 45

A Brief Course Of Higher Mathematics by V.A. Kudryavtsev

The aim of this text is to set forth the essentials of higher mathematics and their applications in various fields. At present higher mathematics serves as the theoretical foundation for most branches of the natural, applied and engineering sciences. Therefore, every natural scientist must necessarily master its methods to be able to apply them for practical purposes.

Translated from the Russian by Leonid Levant

Many thanks to Guptaji for the scans and Balram Sharmaji of Kamgaar Prakashan for making this book available.

You can get the book here and here

Follow us on

Twitter https://x.com/MirTitles

Mastadon https://mastodon.social/@mirtitles

Bluesky https://bsky.app/profile/mirtitles.bsky.social

Tumblr https://www.tumblr.com/mirtitles

Internet Archive https://archive.org/details/mir-titles

Fork us on gitlab https://gitlab.com/mirtitles

Contents

INTRODUCTION

Chapter 1. The Rectangular Coordinate System in the Plane and Its Application to Simple Problems
Sec. 1. Rectangular Coordinates of a Point in the Plane
Sec. 2. Transformation of Rectangular Coordinates
Sec. 3. The Distance Between Two Points in the Plane
Sec. 4. Dividing a Line Segment in a Given Ratio
Sec. 5. The Area of a Triangle
Exercises

Chapter 2. The Equation of a Line
Sec. 6. Sets
Sec. 7. The Method of Coordinates in the Plane
Sec. 8. The Line as a Set of Points
Sec. 9. The Equation of a Line in the Plane
Sec. 10. Constructing a Line on the Basis of Its Equation
Sec. 11. Some Elementary Problems
Sec. 12. Two Basic Problems of Plane Analytical Geometry
Sec. 13. Algebraic Lines
Exercises

Chapter 3. The Straight Line
Sec. 14. The Equation of a Straight Line
Sec. 15. The Angle Between Two Straight Lines
Sec. 16. The Equation of a Straight Line Passing Through a Given Point in a Given Direction
Sec. 17. The Equation of a Straight Line Passing Through Two Points (Two-Point Form)
Sec. 18. The Intercept Form of the Equation of a Straight Line
Sec. 19. The Point of Intersection of Two Straight Lines
Sec. 20. The Distance from a Point to a Straight Line
Exercises

Chapter 4. Second-Order Lines
Sec. 21. The Circle
Sec. 22. Central Second-Order Curves (Conics)
Sec. 23. Focal Properties of Central Curves of the Second Order
Sec. 24. The Ellipse as a Uniformly Compressed Circle
Sec. 25. The Asymptotes of a Hyperbola
Sec. 26. The Graph of Inverse Proportionality
Sec. 27. Noncentral Quadric Curves
Sec. 28. The Focal Property of the Parabola
Sec. 29. The Graph of a Quadratic Trinomial
Exercises

Chapter 5. Polar Coordinates. Parametric Equations of a Line
Sec. 30. Polar Coordinates
Sec. 31. Relationship Between Rectangular and Polar Coordinates
Sec. 32. Parametric Equations of a Line
Sec. 33. Parametric Equations of the Cycloid
Exercises

Chapter 6. Functions
Sec. 34. Constants and Variables
Sec. 35. The Concept of Function
Sec. 36. Simplest Functional Relations
1. Direct Proportional Relation
2. Linear Relation
3. Inverse Proportional Relation
4. Quadratic Relation
5. Sinusoidal Relation
Sec. 37. Methods of Representing Functions
1. The Analytical Method
2. The Tabular Method
3. The Graphical Method
Sec. 38. The Concept of Function of Several Variables
Sec. 39. Implicit Function
Sec. 40. Inverse Function
Sec. 41. Classification of Functions of One Argument
Sec. 42. The Graphs of the Basic Elementary Functions
Sec. 43. Interpolation of Functions
Exercises

Chapter 7. The Theory of Limits
Sec. 44. Real Numbers
Sec. 45. Errors of Approximate Numbers
Sec. 46. Limit of a Function
Sec. 47. One-Sided Limits of a Function
Sec. 48. Limit of a Sequence
Sec. 49. Infinitesimals
Sec. 50. Infinitely Large Quantities
Sec. 51. Basic Properties of Infinitesimals
Sec. 52. Basic Limit Theorems
Sec. 53. Some Tests for the Existence of the Limit of a Function
Sec. 54. The Limit of X
Sec. 55. The Number e
Sec. 56. Natural Logarithms
Sec. 57. Asymptotic Formulas
Exercises

Chapter 8. Continuity of Functions
Sec. 58. Increments of an Argument and a Function. Continuity of a Function
Sec. 59. Another Definition of the Continuity of a Function
Sec. 60. Continuity of Basic Elementary Functions
Sec. 61. Basic Theorems on Continuous Functions
Sec. 62. Evaluation of Indeterminacies
Sec. 63. Classification of the Points of Discontinuity of a Function
Exercises

Chapter 9. The Derivative of a Function
Sec. 64. A Tangent to a Curve – 159
Sec. 65. Velocity of a Moving Point – 161
Sec. 66. The Derivative Defined Generally – 163
Sec. 67. Other Applications of the Derivative – 166
Sec. 68. Relation Between the Continuity and Differentiability of a Function – 167
Sec. 69. The Notion of an Infinite Derivative – 169
Exercises – 169

Chapter 10. Basic Derivative Theorems
Sec. 70. Introductory Notes – 170
Sec. 71. The Derivatives of Certain Simple Functions – 170
Sec. 72. Basic Differentiation Rules – 174
Sec. 73. The Derivative of a Composite Function – 179
Sec. 74. The Derivative of an Inverse Function – 182
Sec. 75. The Derivative of an Implicit Function – 184
Sec. 76. The Derivative of a Logarithmic Function – 185
Sec. 77. A Logarithmic Derivative – 188
Sec. 78. The Derivative of an Exponential Function – 188
Sec. 79. The Derivative of a Power Function – 190
Sec. 80. The Derivatives of Inverse Trigonometric Functions – 191
Sec. 81. The Derivative of a Function Represented Parametrically – 193
Sec. 82. The Table of Differentiation Formulas – 194
Sec. 83. Derivatives of Higher Orders – 195
Sec. 84. Physical Meaning of the Second Derivative – 195
Exercises – 196

Chapter 11. Applications of Derivatives
Sec. 85. The Theorem About Finite Increments of a Function and Its Corollaries – 199
Sec. 86. Increase and Decrease of a Function of One Argument – 201
Sec. 87. L’Hospital’s Rule – 204
Sec. 88. Taylor’s Formula for a Polynomial – 208
Sec. 89. Binomial Formula – 210
Sec. 90. Taylor’s Formula for a Function – 211
Sec. 91. Maxima and Minima of a Function of One Variable – 213
Sec. 92. Concavity and Convexity of the Graph of a Function. Points of Inflection – 220
Sec. 93. Approximate Solution of Equations – 223
Sec. 94. Construction of Graphs of Functions – 227
Exercises – 230

Chapter 12. Differentials
Sec. 95. The Differential of a Function – 232
Sec. 96. Relation Between the Differential of a Function and Its Derivative. The Differential of the Independent Variable – 235
Sec. 97. The Geometrical Meaning of the Differential – 237
Sec. 98. The Physical Meaning of the Differential – 237
Sec. 99. Approximate Calculation of Small Increments of a Function – 238
Sec. 100. Equivalence of the Increment and Differential of a Function – 239
Sec. 101. Properties of the Differential – 242
Sec. 102. Differentials of Higher Orders – 245
Exercises – 247

Chapter 13. Indefinite Integral
Sec. 103. Antiderivative. Indefinite Integral – 248
Sec. 104. Basic Properties of the Indefinite Integral – 251
Sec. 105. Table of Simplest Indefinite Integrals – 253
Sec. 106. Independence of the Form of an Indefinite Integral of the Argument Chosen – 254
Sec. 107. Basic Integration Methods – 258
Sec. 108. Techniques for Integrating Rational Fractions with a Quadratic Denominator – 263
Sec. 109. Integration of Simplest Irrational Expressions – 267
Sec. 110. Integration of Trigonometric Functions – 269
Sec. 111. Integration of Certain Transcendental Functions – 271
Sec. 112. Cauchy’s Theorem. Some Important Integrals Inexpressible in Terms of Elementary Functions – 271
Exercises – 272

Chapter 14. The Definite Integral
Sec. 113. The Concept of the Definite Integral – 275
Sec. 114. A Definite Integral with a Variable Upper Limit – 277
Sec. 115. Geometrical Meaning of the Definite Integral – 279
Sec. 116. Physical Meaning of the Definite Integral – 281
Sec. 117. Basic Properties of the Definite Integral – 282
Sec. 118. The Mean Value Theorem – 286
Sec. 119. Integration by Parts in the Definite Integral – 288
Sec. 120. Change of Variable in the Definite Integral (Integration by Substitution) – 289
Sec. 121. The Definite Integral as the Limit of an Integral Sum – 291
Sec. 122. Approximate Evaluation of Definite Integrals – 293
Sec. 123. Simpson’s Formula – 296
Sec. 124. Improper Integrals – 297
Exercises – 299

Chapter 15. Applications of the Definite Integral
Sec. 125. Areas in Rectangular Coordinates – 301
Sec. 126. Areas in Polar Coordinates – 305
Sec. 127. The Arc Length in Rectangular Coordinates – 307
Sec. 128. The Arc Length in Polar Coordinates – 313
Sec. 129. Computing the Volume of a Solid by Known Cross Sections – 314
Sec. 130. The Volume of a Solid of Revolution – 316
Sec. 131. The Work of a Variable Force – 319
Sec. 132. Other Applications of the Definite Integral in Physics – 320
Exercises – 322

Chapter 16. Complex Numbers
Sec. 133. Arithmetic Operations on Complex Numbers – 325
Sec. 134. The Complex Plane – 326
Sec. 135. Theorems on the Modulus and Argument – 328
Sec. 136. Taking the Root from a Complex Number – 329
Sec. 137. The Concept of a Function of a Complex Variable – 331
Exercises – 332

Chapter 17. Determinants of Second and Third Order
Sec. 138. Second-Order Determinants – 335
Sec. 139. A System of Two Homogeneous Equations in Three Unknowns – 335
Sec. 140. Third-Order Determinants – 337
Sec. 141. Basic Properties of Determinants – 339
Sec. 142. A System of Three Linear Equations – 342
Sec. 143. A Homogeneous System of Three Linear Equations – 344
Sec. 144. A System of Linear Equations in Many Unknowns. Gauss’ Method – 346
Exercises – 349

Chapter 18. Fundamentals of Vector Algebra
Sec. 145. Scalars and Vectors – 351
Sec. 146. The Sum of Several Vectors – 352
Sec. 147. The Difference of Vectors – 353
Sec. 148. Multiplication of a Vector by a Scalar – 353
Sec. 149. Collinear Vectors – 354
Sec. 150. Coplanar Vectors – 355
Sec. 151. The Projection of a Vector on an Axis – 356
Sec. 152. The Rectangular Cartesian Coordinates in Space – 359
Sec. 153. The Length and Direction of a Vector – 360
Sec. 154. The Distance Between Two Points in Space – 361
Sec. 155. Operations on Vectors Represented in the Coordinate Form – 362
Sec. 156. Scalar Product of Two Vectors – 364
Sec. 157. Scalar Product of Vectors in the Coordinate Form – 366
Sec. 158. Vector Product of Vectors – 367
Sec. 159. Vector Product in the Coordinate Form – 369
Sec. 160. Triple Scalar Product – 371
Exercises – 373

Chapter 19. Fundamentals of Solid Analytic Geometry
Sec. 161. The Equations of a Surface and a Line in Space – 374
Sec. 162. The General Equation of a Plane – 380
Sec. 163. Angle Between Two Planes – 382
Sec. 164. Equations of a Straight Line in Space – 383
Sec. 165. The Derivative of a Vector Function – 387
Sec. 166. The Equation of a Sphere – 389
Sec. 167. The Equation of an Ellipsoid – 391
Sec. 168. The Equation of a Paraboloid of Revolution – 392
Exercises – 393

Chapter 20. Functions of Several Variables
Sec. 169. The Concept of a Function of Several Variables – 395
Sec. 170. Continuity – 398
Sec. 171. Partial Derivatives of the First Order – 401
Sec. 172. The Total Differential of a Function – 403
Sec. 173. Application of the Differential of a Function to Approximate Computations – 409
Sec. 174. Directional Derivatives – 410
Sec. 175. The Gradient – 413
Sec. 176. Partial Derivatives of Higher Orders – 417
Sec. 177. Test for the Total Differential – 418
Sec. 178. The Extremum (Maximum or Minimum) of a Function of Several Variables – 420
Sec. 179. An Absolute Extremum of a Function – 422
Sec. 180. Constructing Empirical Formulas by the Method of Least Squares – 424
Exercises – 428

Chapter 21. Series
Sec. 181. Examples of Infinite Series – 430
Sec. 182. Convergence of a Series – 431
Sec. 183. A Necessary Condition for Convergence of a Series – 435
Sec. 184. Comparison Tests – 437
Sec. 185. D’Alembert’s Test for Convergence – 440
Sec. 186. Absolute Convergence – 444
Sec. 187. Alternating Series. Leibniz’ Test – 446
Sec. 188. Power Series – 447
Sec. 189. Differentiation and Integration of Power Series – 450
Sec. 190. Expanding a Given Function into a Power Series – 450
Sec. 191. Maclaurin’s Series – 452
Sec. 192. Applying Maclaurin’s Series to Expanding Some Functions into Power Series – 453
Sec. 193. Applying Power Series to Approximate Calculations – 456
Sec. 194. Taylor’s Series – 459
Sec. 195. Series in a Complex Domain – 462
Sec. 196. Euler’s Formulas – 463
Sec. 197. Fourier Trigonometric Series – 464
Sec. 198. The Fourier Series of Even and Odd Functions – 473
Sec. 199. The Fourier Series of Nonperiodic Functions – 475
Exercises – 479

Chapter 22. Differential Equations
Sec. 200. Basic Concepts – 481
Sec. 201. Differential Equations of the First Order – 484
Sec. 202. First-Order Equations with Variables Separable – 486
Sec. 203. Homogeneous Differential Equations of the First Order – 492
Sec. 204. Linear Differential Equations of the First Order – 495
Sec. 205. Euler’s Method – 500
Sec. 206. Differential Equations of the Second Order – 502
Sec. 207. Integrable Types of Second-Order Differential Equations – 504
Sec. 208. Reducing the Order of a Differential Equation – 510
Sec. 209. Integrating Differential Equations with the Aid of Power Series – 513
Sec. 210. Common Properties of the Solutions of Second-Order Linear Homogeneous Differential Equations – 514
Sec. 211. Second-Order Linear Homogeneous Differential Equations with Constant Coefficients – 517
Sec. 212. Second-Order Linear Nonhomogeneous Differential Equations with Constant Coefficients – 523
Sec. 213. Differential Equations Containing Partial Derivatives – 533
Sec. 214. Linear Differential Equations with Partial Derivatives – 536
Sec. 215. Deriving the Heat Conduction Equation – 538
Sec. 216. The Problem on Temperature Distribution in a Limited Rod – 540
Exercises – 543
Chapter 23. Line Integrals
Sec. 217. The Line Integral of the First Kind – 546
Sec. 218. The Line Integral of the Second Kind – 548
Sec. 219. The Physical Meaning of the Line Integral of the Second Kind – 552
Sec. 220. Condition Under Which the Line Integral of the Second Kind is Independent of Path – 554
Sec. 221. The Work Performed by a Potential Force – 556
Exercises – 557

Chapter 24. Double and Triple Integrals
Sec. 222. Double Integrals – 561
Sec. 223. The Double Integral in Rectangular Cartesian Coordinates – 564
Sec. 224. Expressing a Double Integral in Polar Coordinates – 571
Sec. 225. The Euler-Poisson Integral – 575
Sec. 226. Mean-Value Theorem – 576
Sec. 227. Geometrical Applications of the Double Integral – 578
Sec. 228. Physical Applications of the Double Integral – 579
Sec. 229. Triple Integrals – 584
Exercises – 588

Chapter 25. Fundamentals of the Theory of Probability
A. Basic Definitions and Theorems
Sec. 230. Random Events – 591
Sec. 231. Algebra of Events – 593
Sec. 232. The Classical Definition of Probability – 594
Sec. 233. The Statistical Definition of Probability – 597
Sec. 234. The Theorem on Addition of Probabilities – 598
Sec. 235. A Complete Group of Events – 599
Sec. 236. The Theorem on Multiplication of Probabilities – 600
Sec. 237. Bayes’ Formula – 603

B. Repeated Independent Trials
Sec. 238. Elements of Combinatorial Analysis – 604
Sec. 239. The Formula of Total Probability – 605
Sec. 240. The Binomial Law of Distribution of Probabilities – 607
Sec. 241. The Laplace Local Theorem – 608
Sec. 242. The Laplace Integral Theorem – 610
Sec. 243. Poisson’s Theorem – 614

C. Random Variables and Their Numerical Characteristics
Sec. 244. A Random Discrete Variable and Its Distribution Law – 615
Sec. 245. Mathematical Expectation – 617
Sec. 246. Basic Properties of Mathematical Expectation – 618
Sec. 247. Variance – 621
Sec. 248. Continuous Random Variables. Distribution Functions – 626
Sec. 249. Numerical Characteristics of a Continuous Random Variable – 630
Sec. 250. Uniform Distribution – 631
Sec. 251. Normal Distribution – 633
Exercises – 636

Chapter 26. The Concept of Linear Programming
Sec. 252. An n-Dimensional Vector Space – 639
Sec. 253. Sets in n-Dimensional Space – 641
Sec. 254. The Problem of Linear Programming – 645

APPENDICES
A. Most Important Constants – 650
B. List of Formulas (Classified and Explained) – 650
I. Plane Analytic Geometry – 650
II. Differential Calculus—Functions of One Variable – 652
III. Integral Calculus – 654
IV. Complex Numbers, Determinants, and Systems of Simultaneous Equations – 658
V. Elements of Vector Algebra – 660
VI. Solid Analytic Geometry – 661
VII. Differential Calculus—Functions of Several Variables – 662
VIII. Series – 663
IX. Differential Equations – 666
X. Line Integrals – 668
XI. Double and Triple Integrals – 669
XII. Probability Theory – 671

ANSWERS – 674
SUBJECT INDEX – 684

Hilbert’s Fourth Problem by A. V. Pogorelov

Hilbert’s fourth problem, which involves finding all geometries where “ordinary lines” are “geodesics,” is both accessible and profound. While the problem can be appreciated by beginning graduate students, its solution requires tools from various branches of mathematics, including geometry, analysis, and the calculus of variations.

A partial solution was provided by Georg Hamel in 1901. Later, A. V. Pogorelov, inspired by Herbert Busemann’s idea presented at the 1966 International Congress of Mathematicians in Moscow, offered an elegant and comprehensive solution. Pogorelov’s approach, which slightly reformulates Hilbert’s problem, is celebrated for its clarity and mathematical depth.

The book is well-written, introducing necessary mathematical concepts as needed, making it accessible to readers with a foundation in advanced calculus. The English translation, reviewed by Eugene Zaustinsky, includes helpful notes guiding readers to further literature.

Pogorelov’s work is a valuable contribution to the mathematical literature, particularly for those interested in geometry and its foundations.

You can get the book here and here.

INTRODUCTION 5

SECTIONS

1. Projective Space 9

2. Projective Transformations 13

3. Desarguesian Metrizations of Projective Space 19

4. Regular Desarguesian Metrics in the Two-Dimensional Case 24

5. Averaging Desarguesian Metrics 31

6. The Regular Approximation of Desarguesian Metrics 38

7. General Desarguesian Metrics in the Two-Dimensional Case 46

8. Funk’s Problem 54

9. Desarguesian Metrics in the Three-Dimensional Case 61

10. Axioms for the Classical Geometries 68

11. Statement of Hilbert’s Problem 75

12. Solution of Hilbert’s Problem 82

NOTES 88

BIBLIOGRAPHY 93

INDEX 95

#classicalGeometry #foundationsOfGeometry #geometry #mathematics #solutionToHilbertSProblem #sovietLiterature

Measure And Derivative A Unified Approach by G.E. Shilov; B.L. Gurevich

This volume is intended as a textbook for students of
mathematics and physics, at the graduate or advanced
undergraduate level. It should also be intelligible to
readers with a good background in advanced calculus
and sufficient “mathematical maturity.”
The phrase “unified approach” in the title of the book
refers to the consistent use of the Daniell scheme, which
starts from the concept of an elementary integral defined
(axiomatically) on a family of elementary functions. In
the Introduction we explain in detail why we prefer
this approach to others, in particular to the Lebesgue-
Radon-Frechet approach, which starts from axiomatic
measure theory.

Revised English Edition
Translated and Edited by Richard A. Silverman

You can get the book here and here.

#1966 #derivative #higherMathematics #integral #lebesgueIntegral #LeviSTheorem #mathematics #measureTheory #physics #RiemannIntegral #sovietLiterature #StieltjesIntegral #theoryOfIntegral

Equations Of The Mixed Type by A.V. Bitsadze

The theory of equations of mixed type originated in the fundamental researches of the Italian mathematician Francesco Tricomi, which were published in the twenties of this century. Owing to the importance of its applications, the discussion of problems concerned with equations of mixed type has become, in the last ten years, one of the central problems in the theory of partial differential equations.

The present work is not meant to be a summary of all results in this field, especially since the number of results increases with great speed; nevertheless, the reader of this monograph will obtain an idea of the present state of the theory of equations of mixed type.

This book was developed from a series of lectures dealing with certain fundamental questions in the theory of equations of mixed type, which the Author delivered in scientific establishments in the Chinese People’s Republic at the end of 1957 and the beginning of 1958.

Translated by P. Zador

Translation edited by I. N. Sneddon

You can get the book here and here.

CONTENTS

Foreword ix

Introduction xi

1. General remarks on linear partial differential equations of mixed type 1

1. Equation of the second order with two independent variables 1

2. The theory of Cibrario 3

3. Systems of two first order equations 12

4. Linear systems of partial differential equations of the second order with two independent variables 17

2. The study of the solutions of second order hyperbolic equations with initial conditions given along the lines of parabolicity 20

1. The Riemann function for a second order hyperbolic linear equation 20

2. A class of hyperbolic systems of second order linear equations 27

3. The Cauchy problem for hyperbolic equations with given initial conditions on the line of parabolic degeneracy 32

4. Generalizations 41

3. The study of the solutions of second order elliptic equations for a domain, the boundary of which includes a segment of the curve of parabolic degeneracy 44

1. The linear elliptic partial differential equation of the second order 44

2. Elliptic systems of second order 49

3. The Dirichlet problem for second order elliptic equations in a domain, the boundary of which includes a segment of the curve of parabolic degeneracy 58

4. Some other problems and generalizations 66

4. The problem of Tricomi 71

1. The statement of the problem of Tricomi 72

2. The extremal principle and the uniqueness of the solution of problem T 74

3. Solution of problem T by means of the method of integral equations 78

4. Continuation. The proof for the existence of a solution of the integral equations obtained in the preceding paragraph 90

5. Other methods for solving problem T 94

6. Examples and generalizations 103

5. Other mixed problems 112

1. The mixed problem M 112

2. The proof of the uniqueness of solution for problem M 113

3. Concerning the existence of the solution of problem M 117

4. The general mixed problem 124

5. The problem of Frankl 135

6. Short indication of some important generalizations and applications 141

References 151

Index 157

#1964 #differentialEquations #mathematics #solutionsToDifferentialEquations #sovietLiterature #tricomiProblem

Eternal Wind by Sergei Zhemaitis

The Eternal Wind is a science-fiction story about people of the not-too-distant future. The setting is an island float in the Indian Ocean, a biostation and a scientific centre for the biological research of ocean life. The main characters are students spending the summer on field practice. They unriddle the secrets of the ocean and help in utilizing its countless riches. The book also tells of the dolphin, man’s closest friend, of killer whales and many strange denizens of the deeps. The book is full of thrills for the young reader—romance, adventure and danger accompanies the two student-heroes of this tale of the sea.

Translated from the Russian by Gladys Evans

You can get the book here and here.

#1975 #creaturesOfTheDeep #mirPublishers #oceans #scienceFiction #sovietLiterature #sovietScienceFiction

Problems In Mathematics With Hints And Solutions by V. Govorov; P. Dybov; N. Miroshin; S. Smirnova

The book contains more than three thousand mathematics problems and covers each topic taught at school. The problems were contributed by 120 of the higher schools of the USSR and all the universities.

The book is divided into, four parts: algebra and trigonometry, fundamentals of analysis, geometry and vector algebra, and the problems and questions set during oral examinations. The authors considered it necessary to include some material relating to complex numbers, combinatorics, the binomial theorem, elementary trigonometric inequalities, and set theory and the method of coordinates. The authors believe that this material will help the readers systematize their knowledge in the principal divisions of mathematics.

In writing the book, the authors have used their experience of examining students in mathematics at higher schools and the preparation of television courses designed to help students revise their knowledge for the entrance examinations to higher educational establishments.

To make it easier for readers to grasp the material, some of the sections have been supplemented with explanatory text. The problems are all answered and some have additional hints or complete solutions.

The more difficult problems are marked with asterisks. Part 4 is entitled “Oral Examination Problems and Questions” and includes samples suggested by the higher schools.

The authors hope that this book will help those who want to enter the various types of higher school, aid the teachers, and be of use to all those who want to deepen and systematize their knowledge of mathematics.

EDITED BY PROF. A.I. PRILEPKO, D.Sc.

Translated from the Russian by Irene Aleksanova

You can get the book here and here.

Twitter: @MirTitles
Mastodon: @[email protected]
Mastodon: @[email protected]
Bluesky: mirtitles.bsky.social
Fork us at: https://gitlab.com/mirtitles

Contents

Preface 5
Part 1 Algebra Trigonometry and Elementary Functions 9
1.1 Problems on Integers Criteria for Divisibility 9
1.2 Real Numbers Transformation of Algebraic Expressions 13
1.3 Mathematical Induction Elements of Combinatorics Binomial Theorem
1.4 Equations and Inequalities of the First and the Second Degree
1.5 Equations of Higher Degrees Rational Inequalities
1.6 Irrational Equations and Inequalities
1.7 Systems of Equations and Inequalities
1.8 The Domain of Definition and the Range of a Function
1.9 Exponential and Logarithmic Equations and Inequalities
1.10 Transformations of Trigonometric Expressions Inverse Trigonometric Functions
1.11 Solution of Trigonometric Equations Inequalities and Systems of Equations
1.12 Progressions
1.13 Solution of Problems on Derivation of Equations
1.14 Complex Numbers
Part 2 Fundamentals of Mathematical Analysis
2.1 Sequences and Their Limits An Infinitely Decreasing Geometric Progression Limits of Functions
2.2 The Derivative Investigating the Behaviour of Functions with the Aid of the Derivative
2.3 Graphs of Functions
2.4 The Antiderivative The Integral The Area of a Curvilinear Trapezoid
Part 3 Geometry and Vector Algebra
3.1 Vector Algebra
3.2 Plane Geometry Problems on Proof
3.3 Plane Geometry Construction Problems
3.4 Plane Geometry Calculation Problems
3.5 Solid Geometry Problems on Proof
3.6 Solid Geometry Calculation Problems
Part 4 Oral Examination Problems and Questions 241
4.1 Sample Examination Papers 241
4.2 Problems Set at an Oral Examination 244
Hints and Answers 265
Appendix 386

#algebra #geometry #mathematics #problemBooks #problemsAndSolutions #sovietLiterature #trigonometry

A Collection Of Problems On A Course Of Mathematical Analysis by G. N. Berman

THE present Collection of Problems is intended for students studying mathematical analysis within the framework of a technical college course. In the arrangement of the material, the style of the exposition and basic pedagogical tendencies the Collection is most suited to the widely used Course of Mathematical Analysis of A. F. Bermant. At the same time, since the book contains systematically selected problems and exercises on the main branches of a Technical College course of mathematical analysis, it forms a useful adjunct independently of the text-book on which the course is based.

Translated by D. E. Brown
Translation edited by Ian N. Sneddon

You can get the book here and here.

Twitter: @MirTitles
Mastodon: @[email protected]
Mastodon: @[email protected]
Bluesky: mirtitles.bsky.social

#analysis #mathematics #problemBooks #sovietLiterature