#mirpublishers — Public Fediverse posts

Eternal Wind by Sergei Zhemaitis

The Eternal Wind is a science-fiction story about people of the not-too-distant future. The setting is an island float in the Indian Ocean, a biostation and a scientific centre for the biological research of ocean life. The main characters are students spending the summer on field practice. They unriddle the secrets of the ocean and help in utilizing its countless riches. The book also tells of the dolphin, man’s closest friend, of killer whales and many strange denizens of the deeps. The book is full of thrills for the young reader—romance, adventure and danger accompanies the two student-heroes of this tale of the sea.

Translated from the Russian by Gladys Evans

You can get the book here and here.

#1975 #creaturesOfTheDeep #mirPublishers #oceans #scienceFiction #sovietLiterature #sovietScienceFiction

The Origin Of Continents And Ocean Basins by M. V. Muratov

Professor Mikhail Muratov, P.Sc., Corr. Mem. USSR Acad. Sci., is Head of the Chair of Regional Geology and Paleontology, Moscow Institute of Geological Prospecting. He is the winner of State and Lenin Prizes.

This book deals with the origin, structure, and tectonic behavior of the earth’s crust beneath continents and oceans and describes principal stages of the earth’s geologic history. The author attaches much importance to geosynclinal cycles and their role in continental crust build-up and discusses intri­guing hypotheses explaining the present day face of our planet.

Translated from the Russian by V. Agranat

You can get the book here and here.

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Preface

Chapter I. Structure and Age of the Earth’s Crust
Face of the Earth (9)
Continental and Oceanic Crust of the Earth (12)
Age of the Earth’s Crust (17)

Chapter II. Continental Crust
Inhomogeneity of the Structure (24)
Unconformities and Their Significance (30)
Evolution of Fold Areas and Formation of Platform Basement (33)

Chapter III. The Basic Component Parts of the Continents: Ancient Platforms and Fold Belts
The Importance of Ancient and Young Platforms in the Structure of Continents (36)
A Brief Outline of the Structure of Continents (36)
Constituent Elements of Ancient Platforms (40)
Fold Belts (41)

Chapter IV. The Structure and History of Geosynclinal Fold Areas
The Study of Geosynclines (48)
The Structure of Geosynclinal Fold Areas (50)
An Outline History of Geosynclinal Areas (52)
Main Stage (52)
Orogenic Stage (59)
Formations of Sedimentary and Volcanic Series of Geosynclinal Areas (61)
Differences in Ages of Geosynclinal Areas and in Formations of Troughs (69)
The Role of Intrusive Complexes in the Geosynclinal Cycle (73)
Geosynclinal Areas: Proliferous Sources of Valuable Minerals (79)
Two Principal Types of Geosynclinal Areas and Their Role in the Build-up of the Granitic-Metamorphic Layer of the Earth’s Crust (85)

Chapter V. Structure and History of the Basement of Ancient Platforms
Major Structural Units (87)
The Structure of Archean Massifs (88)
Proterozoic Fold Areas (90)
The Protosedimentary Cover of Ancient Platforms (94)
Outline History of the Basement of Ancient Platforms (95)
The Basement of Ancient Platforms: Mineral Resources (98)

Chapter VI. History of Fold Belts and Formation of the Basement of Young Platforms
Generation of the Riphean Basement of Major and Minor Belts (100)
Formation of the Paleozoic Basement of the Ural-Mongolia, Atlantic, and Arctic Belts (103)
History of the Mediterranean Fold Belt (106)
Inland Sea Basins and the Indonesia Area (108)
History of the Circum-Pacific Belt (112)
Formation of Granitic and Metamorphic Rocks of the Basement Within Fold Belts (124)

Chapter VII. Evolution of Ancient and Young Platforms
Basic Stages (127)
The Origin of Platform-Type Depressions (130)
Principal Valuable Minerals of the Sedimentary Cover of Platforms (132)
Volcanic Belts and Epiplatform Orogenesis (132)
Valuable Minerals in the Activated Areas of Platforms (134)

Chapter VIII. The Topography and Tectonics of the Ocean Floor
Principal Topographic Features and the Physiography (136)
Principal Tectonic Features of the Ocean Floor (140)
Pacific Ocean (140)
Indian Ocean (143)
Atlantic Ocean (144)
Arctic Ocean (147)

Chapter IX. The Origin of Ocean Basins in the Light of Geologic Evidence
The Physiography of the Pacific Bed and Its Probable Origin (149)
The Physiography of the Atlantic, Indian, and Arctic Beds and Their Origin (154)
Hypotheses Explaining the Conversion of Crustal Material Beneath the Ocean Floor (157)
Mobilistic Hypotheses Involving Continental Displacement (158)
Expanding Earth Hypothesis (165)
The Probable Age and the Mode of Formation of Ocean Basins (167)

Chapter X. Major Historical Events and the Stages of Formation of the Earth’s Crust
The Early Existence of the Earth Before Crust Formation (170)
The Basaltic Crust Before Hydrosphere Formation (170)
The Formation of the Granitic-Metamorphic Crust of Ancient Platforms (173)
The Consolidation of the Basement of Young Platforms (175)
The Latest Stage in the Development of the Earth’s Crust (177)
The General Trend in the Development of the Earth’s Crust (179)

Bibliography
Name Index
Subject Index

#1977 #geography #geologicalCycles #mirPublishers #oceanFloors #oceans #plateTectonics #sovietLiterature

Macroscopic Theories Of Matter And Fields A Thermodynamic Approach ( Advances in Science and Technology in the USSR)

Advances in Science and Technology in the USSR
Mathematics and Mechanics Series

This is a collection of articles by Soviet scientists on current issues of building macroscopic models of matter and fields. Based on thermodynamics concepts the papers develop general variational techniques of modeling material continuous media and fields allowing for their interactions in reversible and irreversible processes. The book is intended for researchers, engi­neers, graduate and postgraduate students interested in the mechanics of continuous media.

Translated from the Russian by Eugene Yankovsky

You can get the book here and here.

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Contents
Preface, L. I. Sedov 7
A Thermodynamic Approach to the Basic Variational Equation for Building Models of Continuous Media, L. I. Sedov 19
Applying the Basic Variational Equation for Building Models of Matter and Fields, L. I. Sedov 43

Introduction 43
Definitions 43
Variations of Tensors for Which Scalar Invariants Retain Their Form 46
Special Types of Tensor Components Qlj 48
Defining Variations and Their Interrelationship in the Comoving and the Observer’s Reference Frame 50
Auxiliary Formulas for Variations 55
Given Scalar and Tensor Parameters Characterizing Models of Material Media and Fields 56
The Determining Parameters in the Characteristics of a Continuous Medium as a Whole and the Characteristics of Individual World Lines 60
The Basic Variational Equation and Identities Following from the Scalar Nature of the Lagrangian Density 62
The Euler Equations for the Basic Variational Equation (2.8.1) 66
The Conditions at Strong Discontinuities 71
On Models of Fluids 74
An Elastic-Body Model 79
Constructing Models of Fields 81
A Model of Interacting Material Medium and Electromagnetic Field 83
Examples 90
Transition from Relativistic to Newtonian Mechanics in the Presence of Irreversible Processes, L. T. Chernyi 98
The Basic Vibrational Equation 98
The Euler Equations and Conditions on Discontinuities 102
Transition to Newtonian Mechanics 106
Irreversible Processes 108
Conclusion 114
Models of Ferromagnetic Continuous Media with Magnetic Hysteresis, L. T. Chernyi 116

Introduction 116
The Determining Parameters 118
The Variational Principle and the Main Equations 121
A Phenomenological Theory of Irreversible Processes 126
Some Corollaries of the General Theory 130
Examples of Models of Magnetizable Media 137
Magnetizable and Polarizable Media with Microstructure, V. A. Zhelnorovich 141

The Determining Parameters of Magnetizable and Polarizable Media with Microstructure 141
Relaxation Models of Magnetizable and Polarizable Media Without Microstructure 150
Models of Magnetizable Liquids with Intrinsic Moment of Momentum 156
Couette Flow of an Incompressible Viscous Magnetizable Liquid 156
Poiseuille Flow in Cylindrical Channel 157
Magnetoacoustic Waves in Magnetizable Liquids 160
On Exact Solutions for Interacting Gravitational and Electromagnetic Fields, G. A. Alekseev 168

Introduction 168
The Einstein-Maxwell Equations in Matrix Form 169
Building the Associated Linear System and the Reduction Conditions 172
Soliton Solutions of the Einstein-Maxwell Equations 176
One-Soliton Solutions with Minkowski’s Space-Time as Background 180
Interaction of Solitons with a Uniform Electromagnetic Field 184
Neutrino Fields in General Relativity, N. R. Sibgatullin 187

Introduction 187
Canonical Equations of Neutrino Fields and Waves 188
On the Infinite Dimensional Algebra and the Lie Group of Neutrino Vacuum Equations 199
Exact Solutions of Neutrino Vacuum Equations 208
Rotation of the Polarization Vector of Gravitational Waves in a Burst of Neutrino Radiation 220
Tensor Representation of Spinor Fields, V. A. Zhelnorovich 224

Introduction 224
Dirac Matrices 224
The Spinor Representation of the Lorentz Group 226
Spinors in Four-Dimensional Pseudo-Euclidean Vector Space 231
Conjugate Spinors 233
The Relation Between Even-Rank Spinors and Tensors 234
The Relation Between First-Rank Spinors and Systems of Complex Tensors 234
Real-Valued Tensors Determined by a Spinor 238
Rotations in Four-Dimensional Space and Spinors 240
Invariant Spinor Subspaces 243
Spinors in Three-Dimensional Euclidean Space 244
Tensor Representation of Spinors in Three-Dimensional Euclidean Space 246
Rotations in Three-Dimensional Space and Spinors 248
Tensor Representation of Differential Spinor Equations in the Minkowski Space 250
Some Solutions of Differential Equations for Relativistic Models of Magnetizable Fluids with Intrinsic Angular Momentum in an Electromagnetic Field 254
Index 26

#elementaryParticles #generalRelativity #mirPublishers #physics #quantumMechanics #sovietLiterature #variationalPrinciples

Science for Everyone – Physics and Geometry of Disorder – Percolation Theory

We now come to another gem in the Science For Everyone series, Physics and Geometry of Disorder – Percolation Theory by A. L. Efros.

From the back cover:

This book is  about percolation theory and its various applications, which occur mostly in physics and chemistry. The book is self-sufficient in that it contains chapters on elementary probability theory and Monte Carlo simulation. Most attention is paid to the relationship between the geometrical and physical properties of systems in the vicinity of their percolation thresholds. The theory is applied to examples of impurity semiconductors and doped ferromagnetics, which demonstrate its universality. Although written for students at high schools, the book is very good reading for college students and will satisfy the curiosity of a physicist for whom this will be a first encounter with percolation theory.

The book was translated from the Russian by V. I. Kisin and was first published by Mir in 1986.

The Internet Archive Link and here

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Write to us: [email protected]

Updated: 15 January 2019

Contents

Part  I. Site Percolation Problem 14

Chapter 1. Percolation Threshold 14
Two Pundits Shred a Wire Mesh (14).
What Is a Random Variable? (17).
Mean Value and Variance (18).
Why a Large Wire Mesh? (23).
Exercises (27).

Chapter 2. Basic Rules for Calculating Probabilities Continuous Random Variables 28
Events and Their probabilities (28).
Addition of Probabilities (30).
Multiplication of Probabilities (33).
Exercises (37).
Percolation Threshold in a 2 x 2 Network (37).
Exercise (40).
Continuous Random Variables (40).
Exercises (44).
Percolation Threshold as a Continuous Random Variable (44).
Exercise (48).

Chapter 3. Infinite Cluster 48
Permanent Magnet (48).
Doped Ferromagnetics (53).
Formation of an Infinite Cluster (56).
Exercise (59).
Site Percolation Problem Revisited (59).
Clusters at a Low Concentration of Magnetic Atoms(63).
Exercises (67).

Chapter 4 Solution of the Site Percolation Problem by Monte Carlo Computer Techniques 68
Why Monte Carlo? (68).
What Is the Monte Carlo Method? (70).
How to Think Up a Random Number (74).
The Mid—Square Method (76).
Exercises (78).
Linear Congruent Method (78).
Exercises (79).
Determination of Percolation Threshold. by Monte Carlo Simulation on a Computer. Distribution of Blocked and Non-blocked Sites (81).
Exercise (84).
Search for Percolation Path (85).
Determination of the Threshold (86).
Exercise (89).

Part II. Various Problems of Percolation Theory and Their Applications

Chapter 5. Problems on Two-Dimensional Lattices 90
We Are Planting an Orchard (the Bond Problem) (90).
Exercise (95).
Inequality relating x_b to x_s (95).
Exercise (98).
Covering and Containing; Lattices (98).
“White” Percolation and “Black” Percolation (105).
Dual Lattices (110).
Exercise (115).
Results for Plane Lattices (116).
Exercise (117).
Directed Percolation (117).

Chapter 6. Three—Dimensional Lattices and Approximate Evaluation of Percolation Thresholds 120
Three-Dimensional Lattices (121).
Percolation Thresholds for 3D Lattices (126).
Factors Determining Percolation Threshold in the Bond Problem (127).
How to Evaluate Percolation Threshold in the Site Problem (129).
Exercise (134).

Chapter 7. Ferromagnetics with Long-Range Interaction. The Sphere Problem 135
Ferromagnetics with Long-Range Interaction (136).
Exercise (140).
The Sphere (Circle) Problem (140).
The Circle (Sphere) Problem Is the Limiting Case Of the Site Problem (144).

Chapter 8. Electric Conduction of Impurity Semiconductors. The Sphere Problem 147
Intrinsic Semiconductors (147).
Impurity Semiconductors (150).
Transition to Metallic Electric Conduction at Increased Impurity Concentrations (158).
The Mott Transition and Sphere Problem (161).
Exercise (166).

Chapter 9. Various Generalizations of the Sphere Problem 166
Inclusive Figures of Arbitrary Shape (166).
The Ellipsoid Problem (169).
Other Surfaces (173).
Another Experiment at the House Kitchen. The Hard-Sphere Problem (174).

Chapter 10. Percolation Level 179
“The Flood” (179).
How to Construct a Random Function (182).
Analogy to the Site Problem (185).
Percolation Levels in Plane and Three Dimensional Problems (186).
Impurity Compensation in Semiconductors (189).
Motion of a Particle with Nonzero Potential Energy (190).
Motion of an Electron in the Field of Impurities (192).

Part III. Critical Behavior of Various Quantities Near Percolation Threshold. Infinite Cluster Geometry 195

Chapter 11 The Bethe Lattice
Rumors (196).
Solution of the Site Problem on the Bethe Lattice (200).
Discussion (204).
Exercise (206).

Chapter 12. Structure of Infinite Clusters 206
The Shklovskii—de Gennes Model (206).
Role of the System’s Size (210).
Electric Conduction Near Percolation Threshold (215).
Exercise. (219).
Function P (X) Near Percolation Threshold. Role Played by Dead—Ends (219).
Universality of Critical Exponents (222).

Chapter 13. Hopping Electric Conduction 226
Mechanism of Hopping Conduction (227).
Resistor Network (229).
Properties of Resistor NetworK (231).
The Sphere` Problem Revisited (232).
Calculation of Resistivity (233). Discussion of the Result (235).

Chapter 14. Final Remarks 237
Some Applications (237).
What Is Percolation Theory, After All? (240)

Answers and Solutions 242
Chapter 1 (242). Chapter 2 (244). Chapter 3 (246).
Chapter 4 (249). Chapter 5 (250). Chapter 6 (256).
Chapter 7 (257). Chapter 8 (257). Chapter 11 (257).
Chapter 12 (258).

#chemistry #disorder #efros #mathematics #mirPublishers #monteCarloMethod #percolationTheory #physics #popularScience #probability #scienceForEveryone