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#internationalrelations — Public Fediverse posts

Live and recent posts from across the Fediverse tagged #internationalrelations, aggregated by home.social.

  1. Politico: Putin’s bot army is targeting German and French elections, Sweden warns. “Russia poses a threat to upcoming elections in Europe’s biggest democracies and social media platforms must ‘step up’ the fight against Moscow’s networks of bots, Sweden’s disinformation defense chief has warned.”

    https://rbfirehose.com/2026/09/11/politico-putins-bot-army-is-targeting-german-and-french-elections-sweden-warns/
  2. A quotation from Eric Hoffer

    The Americans are poor haters in international affairs because of their innate feeling of superiority over all foreigners. An American’s hatred for a fellow American (for Hoover or Roosevelt) is far more virulent than any antipathy he can work up against foreigners. […] Should Americans begin to hate foreigners wholeheartedly, it will be an indication that they have lost confidence in their own way of life.

    Eric Hoffer (1902–1983) American writer, philosopher, longshoreman
    True Believer: Thoughts on the Nature of Mass Movements, Part 3, ch. 14, § 73 (3.14.73) (1951)

    More about this quote: wist.info/hoffer-eric/11065/

    #quote #quotes #quotation #qotd #erichoffer #America #Americans #confidence #ego #foreignaffairs #foreignrelations #foreigners #hatred #internationalaffairs #internationalrelations #jingoism #othering #pride #superiority #xenophobia

  3. A quotation from Eric Hoffer

    The Americans are poor haters in international affairs because of their innate feeling of superiority over all foreigners. An American’s hatred for a fellow American (for Hoover or Roosevelt) is far more virulent than any antipathy he can work up against foreigners. […] Should Americans begin to hate foreigners wholeheartedly, it will be an indication that they have lost confidence in their own way of life.

    Eric Hoffer (1902–1983) American writer, philosopher, longshoreman
    True Believer: Thoughts on the Nature of Mass Movements, Part 3, ch. 14, § 73 (3.14.73) (1951)

    More about this quote: wist.info/hoffer-eric/11065/

    #quote #quotes #quotation #qotd #erichoffer #America #Americans #confidence #ego #foreignaffairs #foreignrelations #foreigners #hatred #internationalaffairs #internationalrelations #jingoism #othering #pride #superiority #xenophobia

  4. A quotation from Eric Hoffer

    The Americans are poor haters in international affairs because of their innate feeling of superiority over all foreigners. An American’s hatred for a fellow American (for Hoover or Roosevelt) is far more virulent than any antipathy he can work up against foreigners. […] Should Americans begin to hate foreigners wholeheartedly, it will be an indication that they have lost confidence in their own way of life.

    Eric Hoffer (1902–1983) American writer, philosopher, longshoreman
    True Believer: Thoughts on the Nature of Mass Movements, Part 3, ch. 14, § 73 (3.14.73) (1951)

    More about this quote: wist.info/hoffer-eric/11065/

    #quote #quotes #quotation #qotd #erichoffer #America #Americans #confidence #ego #foreignaffairs #foreignrelations #foreigners #hatred #internationalaffairs #internationalrelations #jingoism #othering #pride #superiority #xenophobia

  5. A quotation from Eric Hoffer

    The Americans are poor haters in international affairs because of their innate feeling of superiority over all foreigners. An American’s hatred for a fellow American (for Hoover or Roosevelt) is far more virulent than any antipathy he can work up against foreigners. […] Should Americans begin to hate foreigners wholeheartedly, it will be an indication that they have lost confidence in their own way of life.

    Eric Hoffer (1902–1983) American writer, philosopher, longshoreman
    True Believer: Thoughts on the Nature of Mass Movements, Part 3, ch. 14, § 73 (3.14.73) (1951)

    More about this quote: wist.info/hoffer-eric/11065/

    #quote #quotes #quotation #qotd #erichoffer #America #Americans #confidence #ego #foreignaffairs #foreignrelations #foreigners #hatred #internationalaffairs #internationalrelations #jingoism #othering #pride #superiority #xenophobia

  6. A quotation from Eric Hoffer

    The Americans are poor haters in international affairs because of their innate feeling of superiority over all foreigners. An American’s hatred for a fellow American (for Hoover or Roosevelt) is far more virulent than any antipathy he can work up against foreigners. […] Should Americans begin to hate foreigners wholeheartedly, it will be an indication that they have lost confidence in their own way of life.

    Eric Hoffer (1902–1983) American writer, philosopher, longshoreman
    True Believer: Thoughts on the Nature of Mass Movements, Part 3, ch. 14, § 73 (3.14.73) (1951)

    More about this quote: wist.info/hoffer-eric/11065/

    #quote #quotes #quotation #qotd #erichoffer #America #Americans #confidence #ego #foreignaffairs #foreignrelations #foreigners #hatred #internationalaffairs #internationalrelations #jingoism #othering #pride #superiority #xenophobia

  7. Expert says Illinois, Midwest to feel major impact of Canada trade escalation | Interests

    (The Center Square) – As a trade war between the United States and its neighbor to the north…
    #Canada #economies #economy #Illinois #InternationalRelations #InternationalTrade #logistics #midwesternunitedstates #tariff #Trade #UnitedStates
    europesays.com/canada/203973/

  8. In ihrem neuen Artikel argumentieren Stefanie Kirchweger und @FranzEder (@PolSciUIBK), dass Nachrichtendienste und deren internationale Beziehungen eine eigenständige Ebene bilden, die parallel zur offiziellen Diplomatie verläuft 💡

    ➡️ academic.oup.com/fpa/article/2

    @uniinnsbruck @fwf

    #politics #research #science #forschung #außenpolitik #politicalscience #internationalrelations #diplomacy #foreignpolicy

  9. In ihrem neuen Artikel argumentieren Stefanie Kirchweger und @FranzEder (@PolSciUIBK), dass Nachrichtendienste und deren internationale Beziehungen eine eigenständige Ebene bilden, die parallel zur offiziellen Diplomatie verläuft 💡

    ➡️ academic.oup.com/fpa/article/2

    @uniinnsbruck @fwf

    #politics #research #science #forschung #außenpolitik #politicalscience #internationalrelations #diplomacy #foreignpolicy

  10. In ihrem neuen Artikel argumentieren Stefanie Kirchweger und @FranzEder (@PolSciUIBK), dass Nachrichtendienste und deren internationale Beziehungen eine eigenständige Ebene bilden, die parallel zur offiziellen Diplomatie verläuft 💡

    ➡️ academic.oup.com/fpa/article/2

    @uniinnsbruck @fwf

    #politics #research #science #forschung #außenpolitik #politicalscience #internationalrelations #diplomacy #foreignpolicy

  11. In ihrem neuen Artikel argumentieren Stefanie Kirchweger und @FranzEder (@PolSciUIBK), dass Nachrichtendienste und deren internationale Beziehungen eine eigenständige Ebene bilden, die parallel zur offiziellen Diplomatie verläuft 💡

    ➡️ academic.oup.com/fpa/article/2

    @uniinnsbruck @fwf

    #politics #research #science #forschung #außenpolitik #politicalscience #internationalrelations #diplomacy #foreignpolicy

  12. In ihrem neuen Artikel argumentieren Stefanie Kirchweger und @FranzEder (@PolSciUIBK), dass Nachrichtendienste und deren internationale Beziehungen eine eigenständige Ebene bilden, die parallel zur offiziellen Diplomatie verläuft 💡

    ➡️ academic.oup.com/fpa/article/2

    @uniinnsbruck @fwf

    #politics #research #science #forschung #außenpolitik #politicalscience #internationalrelations #diplomacy #foreignpolicy

  13. Centre For Economic Policy Research: Tariff confusion. “We construct the new US Tariff Announcement Database (USTAD), which tracks US tariff announcements during 2025. We use USTAD to compute monthly US statutory tariffs and novel measures of tariff confusion by origin country and product: the number of relevant announcements, the number of possible tariff calculations arising, and bounds on […]

    https://rbfirehose.com/2026/09/09/centre-for-economic-policy-research-tariff-confusion/
  14. Centre For Economic Policy Research: Tariff confusion. “We construct the new US Tariff Announcement Database (USTAD), which tracks US tariff announcements during 2025. We use USTAD to compute monthly US statutory tariffs and novel measures of tariff confusion by origin country and product: the number of relevant announcements, the number of possible tariff calculations arising, and bounds on […]

    https://rbfirehose.com/2026/09/09/centre-for-economic-policy-research-tariff-confusion/
  15. Centre For Economic Policy Research: Tariff confusion. “We construct the new US Tariff Announcement Database (USTAD), which tracks US tariff announcements during 2025. We use USTAD to compute monthly US statutory tariffs and novel measures of tariff confusion by origin country and product: the number of relevant announcements, the number of possible tariff calculations arising, and bounds on […]

    https://rbfirehose.com/2026/09/09/centre-for-economic-policy-research-tariff-confusion/
  16. Centre For Economic Policy Research: Tariff confusion. “We construct the new US Tariff Announcement Database (USTAD), which tracks US tariff announcements during 2025. We use USTAD to compute monthly US statutory tariffs and novel measures of tariff confusion by origin country and product: the number of relevant announcements, the number of possible tariff calculations arising, and bounds on […]

    https://rbfirehose.com/2026/09/09/centre-for-economic-policy-research-tariff-confusion/
  17. Centre For Economic Policy Research: Tariff confusion. “We construct the new US Tariff Announcement Database (USTAD), which tracks US tariff announcements during 2025. We use USTAD to compute monthly US statutory tariffs and novel measures of tariff confusion by origin country and product: the number of relevant announcements, the number of possible tariff calculations arising, and bounds on […]

    https://rbfirehose.com/2026/09/09/centre-for-economic-policy-research-tariff-confusion/
  18. Business Insider Africa: Decades after colonial-era mapping, Africa’s mineral powerhouse launches $180 million drive with US, France, others to control mineral data. “The push comes decades after Belgian authorities and mining companies conducted extensive geological surveys across the territory during the colonial era. Much of that information remains outside the DRC, including millions of […]

    https://rbfirehose.com/2026/09/09/business-insider-africa-decades-after-colonial-era-mapping-africas-mineral-powerhouse-launches-180-million-drive-with-us-france-others-to-control-mineral-data/
  19. Business Insider Africa: Decades after colonial-era mapping, Africa’s mineral powerhouse launches $180 million drive with US, France, others to control mineral data. “The push comes decades after Belgian authorities and mining companies conducted extensive geological surveys across the territory during the colonial era. Much of that information remains outside the DRC, including millions of […]

    https://rbfirehose.com/2026/09/09/business-insider-africa-decades-after-colonial-era-mapping-africas-mineral-powerhouse-launches-180-million-drive-with-us-france-others-to-control-mineral-data/
  20. Business Insider Africa: Decades after colonial-era mapping, Africa’s mineral powerhouse launches $180 million drive with US, France, others to control mineral data. “The push comes decades after Belgian authorities and mining companies conducted extensive geological surveys across the territory during the colonial era. Much of that information remains outside the DRC, including millions of […]

    https://rbfirehose.com/2026/09/09/business-insider-africa-decades-after-colonial-era-mapping-africas-mineral-powerhouse-launches-180-million-drive-with-us-france-others-to-control-mineral-data/
  21. Business Insider Africa: Decades after colonial-era mapping, Africa’s mineral powerhouse launches $180 million drive with US, France, others to control mineral data. “The push comes decades after Belgian authorities and mining companies conducted extensive geological surveys across the territory during the colonial era. Much of that information remains outside the DRC, including millions of […]

    https://rbfirehose.com/2026/09/09/business-insider-africa-decades-after-colonial-era-mapping-africas-mineral-powerhouse-launches-180-million-drive-with-us-france-others-to-control-mineral-data/
  22. Business Insider Africa: Decades after colonial-era mapping, Africa’s mineral powerhouse launches $180 million drive with US, France, others to control mineral data. “The push comes decades after Belgian authorities and mining companies conducted extensive geological surveys across the territory during the colonial era. Much of that information remains outside the DRC, including millions of […]

    https://rbfirehose.com/2026/09/09/business-insider-africa-decades-after-colonial-era-mapping-africas-mineral-powerhouse-launches-180-million-drive-with-us-france-others-to-control-mineral-data/
  23. Respect, Not Pressure: Why Some Countries Work With China

    尊重而非施压:为什么一些国家愿意与中国合作

    By Cliff Potts, CSO, and Editor-in-Chief of WPS News

    Baybay City, Leyte, Philippines — September 1, 2026 — 17:35

    China’s relationships are not uniformly bad.

    That is an important fact, because it means the problem is not China’s existence. The problem is how China behaves in different settings.

    Some countries work with China productively. Some do not. The difference is worth examining.

    Where China Succeeds

    China tends to do well where the relationship is built around visible benefit, practical cooperation, and predictable terms.

    That usually means trade, infrastructure, financing, manufacturing, and access to markets. In those areas, China can be efficient, serious, and results-oriented.

    Many governments find that attractive. They do not need ideological agreement to work with China. They need delivery, scale, and continuity.

    When China acts like a dependable long-term partner, countries notice.

    The Role of Respect

    Respect is not a slogan. It is a pattern of behavior.

    In practice, respect means understanding that other countries have their own interests, their own domestic politics, and their own limits. It means not treating every disagreement as defiance or every boundary as negotiable under pressure.

    Countries are more willing to work with major powers when they believe those powers can tolerate independent decision-making.

    That matters especially for smaller states.

    A smaller state does not expect equality in raw power. It does expect to retain dignity, room to maneuver, and some confidence that cooperation will not become dependency by another name.

    Benefit Without Constant Pressure

    China’s best relationships are often the ones where economic cooperation is allowed to stand on its own without being overshadowed by security pressure.

    When governments can take Chinese financing, investment, or trade and present it to their own populations as practical and beneficial, the relationship tends to hold.

    When that same economic engagement is paired with visible coercion elsewhere, the political cost rises.

    The issue is not whether China offers value. It often does.

    The issue is whether that value comes attached to uncertainty that makes governments defensive.

    Why Some Countries Say Yes

    Countries work with China for obvious reasons.

    China is large. It is central to regional and global trade. It can build quickly, buy at scale, and finance projects that others hesitate to touch. For many governments, especially those with infrastructure gaps or development pressure, that matters more than rhetoric.

    But willingness to work with China does not automatically mean trust in all areas.

    It often means compartmentalization.

    Governments separate the useful parts of the relationship from the risky ones and try to manage both at once.

    That is not strategic confusion. It is strategic adaptation.

    The Problem With Pressure

    Pressure changes the character of cooperation.

    Once a country feels that trade or investment is being overshadowed by political demands, maritime intimidation, or strategic ambiguity, the relationship becomes harder to defend domestically.

    Leaders may still engage China, but they do so more cautiously. They diversify partners. They look for backup. They reduce exposure where they can.

    This weakens the long-term effect China is trying to achieve.

    Pressure can produce compliance in isolated situations. It is much less effective at producing durable goodwill.

    The Southeast Asian Lesson

    Southeast Asia offers a clear lesson here.

    Many states in the region are willing to work with China economically. Few are willing to place their security future entirely in China’s hands. That distinction is not accidental.

    It reflects the difference between benefit and confidence.

    China has proven that it can be valuable. It has not consistently proven that it can be reassuring.

    That is the gap.

    Taiwan and the Broader Signal

    Taiwan sits in the background of every regional calculation.

    Any move to settle Taiwan by force would reshape how other countries interpret all of China’s other relationships. Cooperation that now seems manageable would be viewed through a more dangerous lens.

    Projects, agreements, and partnerships would not disappear overnight. But they would be politically reinterpreted.

    A country that looks willing to use force in one unresolved dispute will be trusted less in every other sensitive relationship.

    That is how regional systems think.

    What This Means Going Forward

    If China wants more countries to work with it comfortably, then the lesson is not complicated.

    Respect works better than pressure.

    Predictability works better than ambiguity.

    Practical cooperation works better than constant signaling.

    This does not require China to give up its interests. It requires China to understand that other countries have interests too, and that stable influence is built by making room for them.

    The Bottom Line

    Some countries work well with China because China is capable of being disciplined, useful, and respectful when it chooses to be.

    That should not be ignored.

    It should be studied.

    Because the strongest argument for a better Chinese regional strategy is not theory. It is the simple fact that China already knows how to build productive relationships when it decides not to lean on pressure.

    This essay is written by Cliff Potts, Editor-in-Chief of WPS News. WPS News has been active in one form or another on the internet since 2009; for more information, visit https://cliffpotts.org.

    If this work helps you understand what’s happening, help me keep it going: https://www.patreon.com/cw/WPSNews

    #china #Diplomacy #geopolitics #internationalRelations #regionalStrategy #SoutheastAsia #WPSNews
  24. "I'm going to unilaterally punish you for breaking rules that do not and have never existed and you better not retaliate or there will be big trouble" is, technically speaking, some form of international relations.

    It is the stupidest, most counter-productive, hypocritical, internally inconsistent, and laughable form, but still. We don't expect much different from the #stupidest political regime in the history of North America.

    I think I speak for much of Canada when I say, with all my heart, sincerely and truly, "Fuck you, Hoekstra" and "Fuck you, Trump".

    Mr. Carney, it's time to grow a backbone to put behind those elbows you love talking about but don't actually seem to be capable of using.

    #USPol #Trump #MangoMussolini #DumbestStudentIEverTaught #Hoekstra #PeteHoekstra #PersonaNonGrata #Canada #InternationalRelations #diplomacy #swear #curse #Canada #Carney #MarkCarney #PrimeMinister #ElbowsUp

  25. When Tactical Brilliance Meets Strategic Confusion: Washington’s Iran Problem by Lawson Akhigbe

    But wars are not graded like Olympic gymnastics. There are no medals for technical execution if the end result leaves your opponent intact, emboldened, or—worse—adapted.

    lawakhigbe.com/2026/07/21/when

  26. When Tactical Brilliance Meets Strategic Confusion: Washington’s Iran Problem by Lawson Akhigbe

    But wars are not graded like Olympic gymnastics. There are no medals for technical execution if the end result leaves your opponent intact, emboldened, or—worse—adapted.

    lawakhigbe.com/2026/07/21/when

  27. When Tactical Brilliance Meets Strategic Confusion: Washington’s Iran Problem by Lawson Akhigbe

    But wars are not graded like Olympic gymnastics. There are no medals for technical execution if the end result leaves your opponent intact, emboldened, or—worse—adapted.

    lawakhigbe.com/2026/07/21/when

  28. When Tactical Brilliance Meets Strategic Confusion: Washington’s Iran Problem by Lawson Akhigbe

    But wars are not graded like Olympic gymnastics. There are no medals for technical execution if the end result leaves your opponent intact, emboldened, or—worse—adapted.

    lawakhigbe.com/2026/07/21/when

  29. When Tactical Brilliance Meets Strategic Confusion: Washington’s Iran Problem by Lawson Akhigbe

    But wars are not graded like Olympic gymnastics. There are no medals for technical execution if the end result leaves your opponent intact, emboldened, or—worse—adapted.

    lawakhigbe.com/2026/07/21/when

  30. BEAN TO BRAND, TARIFF TO TRAP by Lawson Akhigbe

    Next in Abuja, four governments will do something that sounds, on paper, like a belated act of economic self-respect. Nigeria, Ghana, Côte d'Ivoire and Cameroon between them the source of roughly two-thirds of the cocoa that becomes the world's chocolate will sign the Abuja Declaration and stand up a Cocoa Value Addition Alliance, a coordinated attempt to stop shipping out raw beans and start capturing some of the value that currently accrues, almost entirely, to everyone else. Nigeria will additionally sign its own Cocoa Value Addition Accord, a domestic compact roping in governors, farmer groups, financiers and researchers into the project of turning bean into brand rather than bean into someone else's bar.

    lawakhigbe.com/2026/07/17/bean

  31. BEAN TO BRAND, TARIFF TO TRAP by Lawson Akhigbe

    Next in Abuja, four governments will do something that sounds, on paper, like a belated act of economic self-respect. Nigeria, Ghana, Côte d'Ivoire and Cameroon between them the source of roughly two-thirds of the cocoa that becomes the world's chocolate will sign the Abuja Declaration and stand up a Cocoa Value Addition Alliance, a coordinated attempt to stop shipping out raw beans and start capturing some of the value that currently accrues, almost entirely, to everyone else. Nigeria will additionally sign its own Cocoa Value Addition Accord, a domestic compact roping in governors, farmer groups, financiers and researchers into the project of turning bean into brand rather than bean into someone else's bar.

    lawakhigbe.com/2026/07/17/bean

  32. BEAN TO BRAND, TARIFF TO TRAP by Lawson Akhigbe

    Next in Abuja, four governments will do something that sounds, on paper, like a belated act of economic self-respect. Nigeria, Ghana, Côte d'Ivoire and Cameroon between them the source of roughly two-thirds of the cocoa that becomes the world's chocolate will sign the Abuja Declaration and stand up a Cocoa Value Addition Alliance, a coordinated attempt to stop shipping out raw beans and start capturing some of the value that currently accrues, almost entirely, to everyone else. Nigeria will additionally sign its own Cocoa Value Addition Accord, a domestic compact roping in governors, farmer groups, financiers and researchers into the project of turning bean into brand rather than bean into someone else's bar.

    lawakhigbe.com/2026/07/17/bean

  33. BEAN TO BRAND, TARIFF TO TRAP by Lawson Akhigbe

    Next in Abuja, four governments will do something that sounds, on paper, like a belated act of economic self-respect. Nigeria, Ghana, Côte d'Ivoire and Cameroon between them the source of roughly two-thirds of the cocoa that becomes the world's chocolate will sign the Abuja Declaration and stand up a Cocoa Value Addition Alliance, a coordinated attempt to stop shipping out raw beans and start capturing some of the value that currently accrues, almost entirely, to everyone else. Nigeria will additionally sign its own Cocoa Value Addition Accord, a domestic compact roping in governors, farmer groups, financiers and researchers into the project of turning bean into brand rather than bean into someone else's bar.

    lawakhigbe.com/2026/07/17/bean

  34. BEAN TO BRAND, TARIFF TO TRAP by Lawson Akhigbe

    Next in Abuja, four governments will do something that sounds, on paper, like a belated act of economic self-respect. Nigeria, Ghana, Côte d'Ivoire and Cameroon between them the source of roughly two-thirds of the cocoa that becomes the world's chocolate will sign the Abuja Declaration and stand up a Cocoa Value Addition Alliance, a coordinated attempt to stop shipping out raw beans and start capturing some of the value that currently accrues, almost entirely, to everyone else. Nigeria will additionally sign its own Cocoa Value Addition Accord, a domestic compact roping in governors, farmer groups, financiers and researchers into the project of turning bean into brand rather than bean into someone else's bar.

    lawakhigbe.com/2026/07/17/bean

  35. Sahel Regional Security Dynamics: A Multifaceted Analysis (as of late 2025–early 2026)

    The modern Sahel crisis traces back to the 2011 Libyan collapse, which flooded the region with weapons and fighters, reigniting Tuareg rebellions in northern Mali in 2012. This enabled Islamist groups to seize territory, leading to French intervention (Operation Serval in 2013, later Barkhane). Initial gains were undermined by persistent weak governance: corruption, urban-rural divides, ethnic tensions (e.g., Fulani pastoralists vs. agricultural communities), and state absence in rural peripheries.

    lawakhigbe.com/2026/07/14/sahe

  36. Sahel Regional Security Dynamics: A Multifaceted Analysis (as of late 2025–early 2026)

    The modern Sahel crisis traces back to the 2011 Libyan collapse, which flooded the region with weapons and fighters, reigniting Tuareg rebellions in northern Mali in 2012. This enabled Islamist groups to seize territory, leading to French intervention (Operation Serval in 2013, later Barkhane). Initial gains were undermined by persistent weak governance: corruption, urban-rural divides, ethnic tensions (e.g., Fulani pastoralists vs. agricultural communities), and state absence in rural peripheries.

    lawakhigbe.com/2026/07/14/sahe

  37. Sahel Regional Security Dynamics: A Multifaceted Analysis (as of late 2025–early 2026)

    The modern Sahel crisis traces back to the 2011 Libyan collapse, which flooded the region with weapons and fighters, reigniting Tuareg rebellions in northern Mali in 2012. This enabled Islamist groups to seize territory, leading to French intervention (Operation Serval in 2013, later Barkhane). Initial gains were undermined by persistent weak governance: corruption, urban-rural divides, ethnic tensions (e.g., Fulani pastoralists vs. agricultural communities), and state absence in rural peripheries.

    lawakhigbe.com/2026/07/14/sahe

  38. Sahel Regional Security Dynamics: A Multifaceted Analysis (as of late 2025–early 2026)

    The modern Sahel crisis traces back to the 2011 Libyan collapse, which flooded the region with weapons and fighters, reigniting Tuareg rebellions in northern Mali in 2012. This enabled Islamist groups to seize territory, leading to French intervention (Operation Serval in 2013, later Barkhane). Initial gains were undermined by persistent weak governance: corruption, urban-rural divides, ethnic tensions (e.g., Fulani pastoralists vs. agricultural communities), and state absence in rural peripheries.

    lawakhigbe.com/2026/07/14/sahe

  39. Sahel Regional Security Dynamics: A Multifaceted Analysis (as of late 2025–early 2026)

    The modern Sahel crisis traces back to the 2011 Libyan collapse, which flooded the region with weapons and fighters, reigniting Tuareg rebellions in northern Mali in 2012. This enabled Islamist groups to seize territory, leading to French intervention (Operation Serval in 2013, later Barkhane). Initial gains were undermined by persistent weak governance: corruption, urban-rural divides, ethnic tensions (e.g., Fulani pastoralists vs. agricultural communities), and state absence in rural peripheries.

    lawakhigbe.com/2026/07/14/sahe