#neurodevelopment — Public Fediverse posts
Live and recent posts from across the Fediverse tagged #neurodevelopment, aggregated by home.social.
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DATE: August 19, 2026 at 11:00AM
SOURCE: STAT NEWS NEUROSCIENCETITLE: STAT+: Brain organoids, kept alive more than five years, matured like human brains
A little more than two years ago, a junior scientist walked into Paola Arlotta’s Harvard office with a set of mesmerizing images and asked if she wanted to see what the old brain organoids look like.
Arlotta, a developmental neurobiologist, turned in surprise. “You analyzed them?” she exclaimed.
Irene Faravelli’s face fell. She had, but now she wondered if that had been a grave mistake. Arlotta assured her everything was fine. In fact it was great. “I was actually pleased that somebody had the courage to do this,” Arlotta recalled to STAT in a recent interview.
Continue to STAT+ to read the full story…
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DATE: August 14, 2026 at 07:35AM
SOURCE: SCIENCE DAILY PSYCHOLOGY FEEDTITLE: A stress hormone may help the brain repair itself
URL: https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2026/08/260814011044.htm
A surprising stress-related signal may help the brain repair itself after injury. Researchers found that myelin-producing precursor cells rapidly release the stress hormone CRH near damaged brain tissue, helping control how those cells mature and rebuild protective nerve insulation. The same system also influences brain development and the thickness of myelin later in life. The findings could offer new clues about how early-life stress contributes to psychiatric disorders.
URL: https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2026/08/260814011044.htm
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#psychology #counseling #socialwork #psychotherapy @psychotherapist @psychotherapists @psychology @socialpsych @socialwork @psychiatry #mentalhealth #psychiatry #healthcare #depression #psychotherapist #BrainRepair #CRH #Myelin #Neuroscience #BrainInjury #StressHormone #Neuroplasticity #Oligodendrocyte #MentalHealth #Neurodevelopment
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DATE: August 14, 2026 at 07:35AM
SOURCE: SCIENCE DAILY MIND-BRAIN FEEDTITLE: A stress hormone may help the brain repair itself
URL: https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2026/08/260814011044.htm
A surprising stress-related signal may help the brain repair itself after injury. Researchers found that myelin-producing precursor cells rapidly release the stress hormone CRH near damaged brain tissue, helping control how those cells mature and rebuild protective nerve insulation. The same system also influences brain development and the thickness of myelin later in life. The findings could offer new clues about how early-life stress contributes to psychiatric disorders.
URL: https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2026/08/260814011044.htm
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#psychology #counseling #socialwork #psychotherapy @psychotherapist @psychotherapists @psychology @socialpsych @socialwork @psychiatry #mentalhealth #psychiatry #healthcare #depression #psychotherapist #BrainRepair #CRH #Myelin #Neuroregeneration #BrainInjury #StressHormone #Neuroscience #MentalHealth #Neurodevelopment #ResearchNews
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DATE: August 13, 2026 at 06:00AM
SOURCE: PSYPOST.ORG** Research quality varies widely from fantastic to small exploratory studies. Please check research methods when conclusions are very important to you. **
-------------------------------------------------TITLE: Single dose of rapamycin rapidly reduces autism-like traits in adult mice
URL: https://www.psypost.org/single-dose-of-rapamycin-rapidly-reduces-autism-like-traits-in-adult-mice/
A new study published in the journal Nature Communications suggests that exposing mice to mild inflammation during pregnancy triggers brain and behavioral changes in their offspring that resemble autism spectrum disorder. The research provides evidence that a single dose of the immunosuppressive drug rapamycin can rapidly but temporarily reverse these symptoms in adult mice by altering brain function rather than physical structure.
Autism spectrum disorder is a complex condition associated with diverse changes in brain development, behavior, and sensory processing. One known risk factor is maternal immune activation, which occurs when a pregnant mother experiences an infection or inflammation. This inflammatory response can alter the development of the fetal brain. In both human and animal studies, such early immune events are linked to later neurodevelopmental differences, including increased brain volume in early life, altered social behaviors, and heightened sensitivity to sensory input.
At the cellular level, many of these changes are associated with the overactivation of the mTOR pathway. The mTOR pathway is a biological signaling network that regulates cell growth, division, and survival. When this system is hyperactive, it tends to lead to abnormal synapse formation, an imbalance between excitatory and inhibitory brain signals, and an increased susceptibility to seizures.
“We have a longstanding interest in the mTOR system in brain development and autism spectrum disorder,” said study authors Harley Kornblum, director of the UCLA Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center and a professor of psychiatry, pediatrics, and pharmacology; Neil Harris, a professor of neurosurgery; and Janel Le Belle, an associate professor of neurosurgery. “Our earlier study also led by Dr. Le Belle showed that mild maternal inflammation in a strain of mouse activated the mTOR system and resulted in many behaviors reminiscent of autism and that are also found in genetic mouse models in which we know that the affected genes cause autism in people.”
Rapamycin is an established drug that inhibits the mTOR pathway. It is commonly used in medicine to prevent organ transplant rejection. In previous animal research, treating young mice with rapamycin over several weeks prevented the physical brain abnormalities associated with certain genetic mutations linked to autism.
“We were interested in trying treatment with the mTOR inhibitor rapamycin, which is used in children with disorders that activate the mTOR pathway,” the researchers added. However, chronic use of rapamycin can suppress the immune system and inhibit healthy growth. The authors designed this study to observe what happens when adult mice receive a short-acting, single dose of the drug, focusing on immediate functional changes in the brain rather than long-term structural remodeling.
The authors triggered a mild maternal inflammatory response in pregnant mice by injecting them with lipopolysaccharide, a bacterial compound that induces an immune reaction. This low dose was designed to provoke a response without making the pregnant mice noticeably ill. The offspring were then raised to early adulthood or older adulthood, creating experimental groups of male and female mice to compare against a control group that received a harmless saline solution.
The researchers first evaluated the physical and molecular characteristics of the offspring exposed to maternal inflammation. They tracked brain weights from birth to 200 days old for 16 mice per group. The exposed mice experienced mild brain overgrowth early in life compared to the control group, but by day 200, this growth had slowed, resulting in brain weights slightly below the control average.
The exposed mice also maintained chronically elevated levels of immune proteins, known as cytokines, in their blood. Their brain tissue showed persistent overactivation of the mTOR pathway. To see if immune cells were driving the ongoing issues, the researchers depleted microglia, a type of brain immune cell, in some mice. This reduction improved behaviors in young adult mice but failed to help older adult mice, suggesting that other functional mechanisms maintain the behavioral traits later in life.
To test behavior, the scientists observed groups of 26 mice in open field tests. The exposed mice spent roughly twice as much time engaging in repetitive behaviors, such as grooming and circling, compared to the control mice. When the researchers administered a single injection of rapamycin at a dose of 5 milligrams per kilogram, the repetitive behaviors in the exposed mice dropped to match the levels seen in the control mice within two hours.
“We were very surprised by the rapidity of the effects of rapamycin,” the researchers told PsyPost. “We expected that if the mTOR system was still activated in the adult, it would be influencing the structure of how brain cells connect with each other, which would mean that anticipated effects would take longer than just a few hours.”
This behavioral rescue was temporary, as the repetitive behaviors returned to their previous elevated levels 72 hours later. The authors also tested daily injections over five weeks in groups of 10 mice. They found that the mice developed a tolerance to the drug, leading to a gradual loss of its behavioral benefits.
The study also measured sensory over-responsivity, a common trait where individuals are highly sensitive to touch or sound. Using groups of eight mice, the researchers tested tactile avoidance by placing the animals in a box with both smooth and rough floor surfaces. The exposed mice actively avoided the rough-textured floor, spending less time there than the control mice. Following a single dose of rapamycin, the exposed mice increased their time spent on the rough floor, indicating a normalization of their sensory tolerance.
Sensory sensitivities can disrupt daily life and exacerbate other challenges. “Our results point to a significant role of the sensory system in our mouse model and its correction with rapamycin,” the authors noted. “Sensory symptoms are known to be highly disabling in autism and now there is some evidence that abnormalities in sensory responsiveness may contribute to many of the behaviors that we don’t normally view as being mediated by the sensory system.”
Because sensory and behavioral changes often relate to how brain cells fire, the researchers examined the electrical activity of individual brain cells. They analyzed brain slices from 24 mice per group, focusing on pyramidal neurons in the sensory cortex. The neurons from the exposed mice exhibited a higher frequency and amplitude of spontaneous electrical discharges compared to the control neurons, indicating hyper-excitability. Treating the mice or the brain slices with rapamycin quickly reduced this hyperactivity.
To test this hyper-excitability in living animals, the researchers administered a seizure-inducing chemical to groups of eight mice. All eight exposed mice experienced visible seizures at a high dose, compared to only two out of eight control mice. Rapamycin administration lowered the severity of the seizure scores in the exposed group.
To observe brain-wide communication, the authors used functional magnetic resonance imaging to scan 16 mice per group. This technique measures functional connectivity, which tracks how different brain regions synchronize their activity. The exposed mice displayed higher levels of connectivity than the control mice, particularly between sensory processing areas and subcortical regions like the thalamus. Following the two-hour rapamycin treatment, this hyper-connectivity decreased in the sensory cortex and reorganized across the brain, restoring the functional network to a state that closely resembled the control mice.
This neural reorganization provides evidence that specific circuits remain adaptable in adult mice. The average person should take away the idea “[t]hat some behaviors associated with autism can improve, even after the brain has matured,” the authors said. “Furthermore, we have identified the pathways (connections) in the brain that are influenced in this mouse model and that are altered with rapamycin.”
Finally, the researchers analyzed gene expression in the brain cells. They found that the exposed mice had altered activity in genes related to ion channels, which control the flow of electrical charges in and out of cells. After the acute rapamycin treatment, the expression of genes associated with brain cell excitability and autism risk quickly shifted back toward typical levels. This indicates that the drug works by rapidly adjusting the molecular balance of excitation and inhibition.
The findings from this study rely on a specific animal model of maternal inflammation, and physiological responses seen in mice do not directly translate to human neurodevelopment. Because rapamycin has strong immunosuppressive properties, it is not a practical daily treatment for behavioral or sensory symptoms in humans.
“We don’t believe that rapamycin or its close relatives that are currently used clinically will be the ‘cure’ for autism,” the authors cautioned. “First, our effects were temporary and wore off after several treatments. Second, as a class of medications, they can have significant side effects, especially immunosuppression.” They emphasized that they “would not recommend treatment with these medications outside of the conditions for which they are approved.”
Instead of acting as a direct treatment, the drug helps reveal underlying mechanisms for scientists to target. “We look at our findings as a fulcrum to further study autism-associated behaviors and symptoms and how they can be treated,” the authors explained.
Moving forward, the research team plans to explore other interventions. “In one set of studies we are trying to discover the downstream molecular pathways by which rapamycin acts so that we can potentially develop new therapies,” they said. “In the other approach, we are investigating the neural pathways that are misregulated in our model to see if these pathways can be functionally manipulated by therapeutic means, such as transcranial magnetic stimulation.”
The study, “Acute rapamycin treatment reveals distinct mechanisms of dysfunction in a maternal inflammation mouse model,” was authored by JE Le Belle, M. C. Condro, C. Cepeda, KD Oikonomou, K. Tessema, L. Dudley, J. Schoenfield, R. Kawaguchi, D. Geschwind, AJ Silva, Z. Zhang, K. Shokat, NG Harris, and HI Kornblum.
URL: https://www.psypost.org/single-dose-of-rapamycin-rapidly-reduces-autism-like-traits-in-adult-mice/
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#psychology #counseling #socialwork #psychotherapy @psychotherapist @psychotherapists @psychology @socialpsych @socialwork @psychiatry #mentalhealth #psychiatry #healthcare #depression #psychotherapist #AutismResearch #Rapamycin #mTOR #MaternalInflammation #Neuroscience #BrainPlasticity #AutismTherapies #Neurodevelopment #SensoryProcessing #NeuralConnectivity
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DATE: August 11, 2026 at 06:00PM
SOURCE: PSYPOST.ORG** Research quality varies widely from fantastic to small exploratory studies. Please check research methods when conclusions are very important to you. **
-------------------------------------------------TITLE: Amygdala volume increases with age, more strongly in boys
URL: https://www.psypost.org/amygdala-volume-increases-with-age-more-strongly-in-boys/
A neuroimaging study involving participants from the fetal period up into the first four years of life found that the volume of the amygdala region of the brain increases with age and that this increase is steeper in boys than in girls. The paper was published in Human Brain Mapping.
The amygdala is a small, almond-shaped structure located deep within the brain’s temporal lobes. It is best known for its role in processing emotionally significant information. The amygdala is particularly involved in detecting potential threats and coordinating responses to fear, although its functions extend well beyond negative emotions.
The amygdala helps the brain determine which events are important and therefore deserve attention or should be remembered. It interacts closely with regions involved in memory, decision-making, and physiological stress responses, including the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex. Through these connections, it can influence changes in heart rate, hormone release, vigilance, and behavior when a person encounters something emotionally meaningful.
The amygdala also contributes to learning associations between particular situations and positive or negative outcomes. It participates in a broader neural network that evaluates the relevance and motivational significance of experiences.
Study author Megan E. Mueller and her colleagues investigated the development of the amygdala during late fetal, newborn, and early childhood periods—timeframes for which there has not been much published data so far. They also examined the links between amygdala development and specific aspects of psychological development for those participants for whom this data was available.
They analyzed data from cross-sectional (looking at different children at one specific point in time) and longitudinal (following the same children over a period of time) studies collected at Western University (Ontario, Canada) and from three open-access datasets. Data came from 11 unique participants of the Alberta Pregnancy Outcomes and Nutrition Study (APrON), from 30 participants of the CMIND study, 348 participants from the Developing Human Connectome Project, and from three more groups collected at Western University involving a total of 82 participants (Fetal Cohort 1, Fetal Cohort 2, and the Infant Cohort).
In total, these datasets contained data from 471 unique participants. Across datasets, females comprised 47% of participants. The age of participating children ranged between 27 weeks postmenstrual age (measured from the mother’s last menstrual period, representing the fetal stage) to 195 weeks postmenstrual age (around 3 years postnatal age) at the time of neuroimaging.
For 30 participants from the CMIND dataset, data on neurodevelopmental abilities, collected using the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, Third Edition, were also available. These included assessments of cognitive, language, motor, social-emotional, and general adaptive abilities (practical, everyday life skills).
Results showed that the volume of the amygdala increases with age and that this age-related change is steeper in boys than in girls. Also, male participants tended to have larger amygdalae overall. The amygdala on the left side of the brain was larger and showed a steeper age-related increase than the right side.
When study authors looked at the 30 participants for whom neurodevelopmental data were available, they found that participants with smaller left amygdala volumes tended to have somewhat better social-emotional outcomes, cognitive outcomes, and better receptive communication (the ability to understand spoken language).
“We found that sex, laterality [differences between the left and right sides of the brain], and age predicted the volumes of the amygdala in a typically developing sample [children without neurodevelopmental disorders], providing a more thorough understanding of its development in the fetus and throughout infancy,” the study authors concluded.
“Additionally, identifying the impact of the development of the left amygdala on later communication, cognitive and social outcomes in toddlerhood provides further evidence that biological differences may be predictive of later prosocial or adverse outcomes, even in typically developing populations.”
The study contributes to scientific knowledge about the development of the brain. However, the associations with developmental outcomes were calculated only on data from a single dataset that included a very small number of children and infants. Because of this, the study authors suggest that these associations should be treated as preliminary.
The paper, “Age-Related Changes in the Amygdala From In Utero to Early Childhood: Association With Social and Cognitive Outcomes,” was authored by Megan E. Mueller, Emily S. Nichols, Sarah Al-Saoud, Barb de Vrijer, Charles A. McKenzie, Roy Eagleson, Sandrine de Ribaupierre, and Emma G. Duerden.
URL: https://www.psypost.org/amygdala-volume-increases-with-age-more-strongly-in-boys/
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Via APNews
“What we’ve done in this administration,” Bhattacharya said, “is we’ve given permission to scientists to honestly answer this question, to find the link [between autism and vaccines] for the first time.”Sigh. Scientists have always had permission to find this link if it was there. Thing is…it ain’t. Honestly.
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DATE: July 31, 2026 at 06:00AM
SOURCE: PSYPOST.ORG** Research quality varies widely from fantastic to small exploratory studies. Please check research methods when conclusions are very important to you. **
-------------------------------------------------TITLE: Taking acetaminophen during pregnancy isn’t linked to autism or ADHD, new research shows
A recent study published in JAMA Internal Medicine provides evidence that taking acetaminophen during pregnancy does not increase a child’s risk of developing autism or attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. By analyzing health data from siblings, researchers found that earlier links between the medication and neurodevelopmental conditions were likely due to shared family factors rather than the drug itself. These findings offer reassurance to expecting parents who rely on the medication for pain and fever relief.
Acetaminophen, commonly known as paracetamol or Tylenol, is a widely recommended medication for managing pain and fever during pregnancy. International regulatory agencies and obstetric societies generally advise that it is a safe option. Because the substance crosses the placental barrier, its potential influence on fetal brain development requires regular scientific evaluation.
Recent public announcements and some scientific reviews have raised concerns about a possible association between prenatal acetaminophen use and neurodevelopmental disorders. For instance, some previous studies reported higher rates of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) among children exposed to the drug in the womb. This prompted heightened scrutiny, including proposed labeling updates by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration and public statements from the White House discouraging the drug’s use.
“The public importance of this question became especially clear in September 2025, when President Trump publicly linked acetaminophen use during pregnancy with autism,” explained corresponding authors Shan Luo, a research assistant professor, and Eric Yuk Fai Wan, an associate professor, both at the University of Hong Kong’s Department of Family Medicine and Primary Care. “The claim intensified anxiety around a medicine commonly used for pain and fever, while the scientific evidence remained difficult to interpret.”
Interpreting the data from these earlier observational studies presents significant challenges. Many previous analyses were susceptible to a statistical error known as confounding. Confounding occurs when an outside factor influences both the supposed cause and the observed effect, creating a false association.
In the context of prenatal medication, shared genetic and environmental factors within a family can easily skew the results. Autism and ADHD both have strong genetic components, with heritability estimates around 80 percent and 74 percent, respectively. A mother’s underlying health conditions can also complicate the data, as the illnesses or chronic pain that prompted a mother to take the medication might themselves be linked to her child’s developmental outcomes.
“Many earlier observational studies could not fully separate the effect of acetaminophen from the reasons it was taken, such as fever, infection, or pain; or from genetic and family factors that may also influence autism and ADHD,” Luo and Wan noted. “We therefore examined whether the association remained when children from the same family were compared, while also adding evidence from a large, predominantly Chinese population.”
To address these gaps, researchers aimed to design a study that could better account for unmeasured genetic and shared family factors. They decided to use a sibling-matched approach, which compares outcomes between brothers and sisters from the same mother. Because siblings share a similar genetic background and family environment, this method helps isolate the specific effects of the medication from other family traits.
The researchers conducted a population-based cohort study using deidentified electronic health records from the Hong Kong Hospital Authority. This database covers a predominantly Chinese population of about 7.5 million people and tracks comprehensive medical data, including diagnoses and prescriptions. The study period spanned from January 1, 2001, to December 31, 2023.
The team started with an initial group of 708,020 mother-child pairs. Within this broader population, approximately 43.3 percent of the pregnancies involved exposure to prescription acetaminophen. From this group, the authors constructed specific sibling-matched cohorts to allow for direct comparisons.
These cohorts consisted of children from families where the mother took acetaminophen during one pregnancy but not during another. To ensure enough time had passed to detect developmental conditions, the researchers required a minimum follow-up of two years for the ASD analysis and five years for the ADHD analysis.
The final sibling-matched group for the ASD analysis included 124,333 children, with an average age of 9.3 years. Over a median follow-up period of 10.2 years, 3,445 children in this cohort were diagnosed with ASD. The ADHD analysis included 97,285 children with an average age of 7.6 years, and 5,168 children received an ADHD diagnosis over a median follow-up time of 11.3 years.
Exposure to the medication was determined through objective electronic dispensing records, which are less prone to memory errors than self-reported surveys. These records provided exact information on the drug strength, dosage, and prescription dates. The researchers categorized the exposure by timing during the first, second, or third trimester.
They also looked at usage patterns, defining them as sporadic, intermittent, or persistent based on how many trimesters involved the medication. To check for biological gradients, the researchers calculated the average daily doses and grouped them into low, medium, and high categories.
In the sibling-matched analysis, the authors found no association between prenatal acetaminophen exposure and the risk of a child developing ASD or ADHD. The risks between the exposed and unexposed siblings were statistically identical.
“The estimates were very close to no difference: 1.00 for autism and 1.01 for ADHD, where 1.00 represents no difference between the groups,” Luo and Wan said. “We therefore did not observe a meaningful increase in risk.”
“The findings were also consistent across timing of exposure, doses, and patterns of use,” they added. “In practical terms, the results do not support avoiding clinically indicated acetaminophen because of concerns about autism or ADHD.”
“The take-home message is reassurance,” the authors told PsyPost. “After accounting more closely for shared family factors, we found no evidence that acetaminophen use during pregnancy increased a child’s risk of autism or ADHD. When acetaminophen is clinically needed, it remains an appropriate option and should be used at the lowest effective dose for the shortest necessary duration, in consultation with a healthcare professional.”
To test the robustness of their approach, the scientists performed a conventional cohort analysis on the full population. This method, which did not match siblings, replicated the positive associations reported in older literature. It suggested a slight increase in ASD and ADHD risk among the exposed children.
The researchers then conducted a negative control analysis, which is a method used to detect hidden biases. They examined mothers who were prescribed acetaminophen in the year before they became pregnant and in the year after giving birth. Biologically, taking the medication outside of pregnancy cannot directly affect fetal brain development.
“The main finding was not unexpected,” Luo and Wan said, pointing out that previous sibling-controlled studies have yielded similar results. “What was particularly informative was how consistently the different analyses pointed to the same explanation.”
“In the full population comparisons, we observed the small increase in risk reported by some previous studies,” they explained. “However, we also saw a similar association among women who used acetaminophen before pregnancy (a period when the medicine could not have directly affected the child’s fetal brain development).”
“This suggests that the apparent association is more likely to reflect underlying characteristics of the women or families who use the medicine, rather than a direct effect of acetaminophen itself,” the authors concluded.
The study relies exclusively on prescription records from the public healthcare system, which presents a specific limitation. Acetaminophen is widely available over the counter, meaning some instances of medication use were not captured in the data. Prescription use usually reflects more severe symptoms that prompt a doctor’s visit, whereas over-the-counter use is often for mild, self-managed symptoms.
“We relied on medication records from Hong Kong’s public healthcare system,” Luo and Wan noted. “These records did not include over-the-counter purchases or prescriptions from private clinics, and a dispensing record does not prove that every dose was taken.”
“This means we may not have captured every instance of acetaminophen use, which could make any real difference appear smaller,” the researchers said. “However, our additional checks suggested that this was unlikely to have hidden a large increase in the risk of autism or ADHD.”
Restricting the analysis to families with exposure-discordant siblings might also limit how well the findings apply to the general population. The sibling design helps control for shared family traits, but it cannot completely rule out unmeasured factors that affect only one specific pregnancy. There is also a possibility of carryover effects, where a diagnosis in a first child changes a mother’s medication habits in her next pregnancy, though statistical tests suggested this did not strongly influence the results.
“A common misinterpretation would be to say that acetaminophen is completely safe in every circumstance or for every possible pregnancy and childhood outcome,” the authors cautioned. “We specifically examined autism and ADHD and found no increased risk for these two outcomes.”
Looking forward, the researchers plan to expand their investigations into prenatal health. “Medication safety during pregnancy remains understudied for several reasons,” they explained, noting that pregnant women have historically been underrepresented in clinical research.
“Randomized controlled trials can be ethically and practically difficult when researchers are studying possible effects on fetal development or health outcomes that may not become apparent until many years after birth,” Luo and Wan added.
“Our long-term goal is to build a broader program of research on commonly used medicines during pregnancy and their effects on both maternal health and children’s longer-term outcomes,” they said. “By using large-scale real-world health data and complementary research approaches, we hope to provide practical evidence that supports safer and more confident decisions for pregnant women and healthcare professionals.”
Reflecting on the real-world impact of this issue, the authors cited a personal experience with herpes zoster, a viral infection commonly known as shingles, that drove their interest in the topic. “During my own pregnancy, I developed herpes zoster and hesitated to take acetaminophen because of alarming reports,” they noted in a joint statement.
“That experience helped me understand how difficult medication decisions can feel when the available information is uncertain or frightening,” they shared. “It strengthened my commitment to research on medication safety during pregnancy.”
“I hope women will not feel forced to choose between untreated symptoms and fear generated by headlines, but can instead make informed decisions with their doctors or pharmacists based on reliable evidence,” they concluded.
The study, “Prenatal Acetaminophen (Paracetamol) Use and the Risk of Autism and/or Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Among Sibling-Matched Cohorts,” was authored by Shan Luo, Qiaowa Gong, Yujie Ai, Jiayue Zhang, Linda Chan, William Chi Wai Wong, Patrick Ip, Esther Wai Yin Chan, Peter Tanuseputro, Ian Chi Kei Wong, and Eric Yuk Fai Wan.
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DATE: July 27, 2026 at 12:00PM
SOURCE: PSYPOST.ORG** Research quality varies widely from fantastic to small exploratory studies. Please check research methods when conclusions are very important to you. **
-------------------------------------------------TITLE: Brain structure differences in autism map onto serotonin receptor locations
URL: https://www.psypost.org/brain-structure-differences-in-autism-map-onto-serotonin-receptor-locations/
A neuroimaging study found that autistic individuals whose cortical thickness deviated most from that of neurotypical peers tended to experience greater social and communication difficulties. In autistic individuals, the cortical regions showing the greatest differences in thickness relative to neurotypical individuals also tended to have a higher density of serotonin receptors. The research provides evidence linking brain structure, neurochemistry, and behavioral traits in autism. The paper was published in Autism Research.
Autism is a neurodevelopmental condition that affects how a person communicates, interacts with others, processes sensory information, and experiences the world. It is called a spectrum because its characteristics and level of support needs vary widely between individuals.
Some autistic people have difficulty interpreting social cues, maintaining conversations, or understanding unwritten social rules. Others are able to communicate fluently but still find social interaction tiring, confusing, or overwhelming. Repetitive movements, strong preferences for routines, intense interests, and unusual responses to sounds, lights, textures, or smells are also common.
Autism begins early in development, although it may not be recognized until later in childhood or adulthood. It is a lifelong form of neurological difference that may bring both difficulties and strengths. Many autistic people show beneficial qualities such as strong attention to detail, deep knowledge in areas of interest, logical thinking, creativity, or exceptional memory.
Study author Livio Tarchi and his colleagues note that previous research indicates consistent structural differences between the brains of individuals with autism and their neurotypical peers. The authors suggest these differences might be connected to the brain’s neurotransmitter systems. Neurotransmitters are chemical messengers that carry signals between brain cells. The researchers specifically focused on systems using serotonin, dopamine, and glutamate.
The scientists investigated how structural differences in the brain might map onto the spatial distribution of these chemical messengers. They analyzed data from the Autism Brain Imaging Data Exchange. This public dataset contains physical measurements, behavioral assessments, and brain scans collected across twenty different sites.
The data used in this analysis came from 1,035 participants. The sample included 505 autistic individuals and 530 neurotypical individuals. The average age of participants was about 17 years old. Both groups were predominantly male, reflecting historical diagnosis patterns.
The study authors used structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data to calculate deviations from expected cortical thickness. Cortical thickness refers to the depth of the brain’s outer layer of gray matter, which is responsible for complex thought and sensory processing. They measured this thickness across thousands of individual points, called vertices, on the surface of the brain. These measurements were adjusted for both the sex and age of each participant.
Next, the researchers compared these structural measurements against reference maps of neurotransmitter receptor density. Receptors are protein structures on cells that receive chemical messages. These reference maps were derived from separate, previously published imaging studies. This allowed the authors to see if areas with unusual thickness in autistic individuals aligned with regions known to have high concentrations of specific neurotransmitters.
The results showed widespread deviations in cortical thickness in the brains of autistic participants compared to neurotypical participants. The structural differences tended to be larger in areas of the brain with a higher density of serotonin receptors. The researchers did not find a similar spatial link for dopamine or glutamate receptors. At the individual level, greater deviations in cortical thickness were associated with greater difficulties in social and communication domains.
These findings provide evidence for a neurobiological link between autism, brain structure, and serotonin. However, the participants in this study were mostly male. Because brain development and cortical thickness can vary by sex, studies involving more female participants might yield different results. Future research could help clarify these connections and guide tailored support strategies for autistic individuals.
The paper, “Autism and Cortical Thickness Deviation From Neurotypical Controls: Evidence for a Spatial Association With Serotonin Receptors,” was authored by Livio Tarchi, Arne Doose, Julius Hennig, Fabio Bernardoni, Joseph A. King, Tiziana Pisano, Giovanni Castellini, Valdo Ricca, Inge Kamp-Becker, and Stefan Ehrlich.
URL: https://www.psypost.org/brain-structure-differences-in-autism-map-onto-serotonin-receptor-locations/
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#psychology #counseling #socialwork #psychotherapy @psychotherapist @psychotherapists @psychology @socialpsych @socialwork @psychiatry #mentalhealth #psychiatry #healthcare #depression #psychotherapist #AutismBrain #CorticalThickness #SerotoninReceptors #Neuroimaging #AutismResearch #Neurodevelopment #BrainStructure #SocialCommunication #NeurotypicalVsAutistic #SerotoninMapping
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DATE: July 26, 2026 at 12:00PM
SOURCE: PSYPOST.ORG** Research quality varies widely from fantastic to small exploratory studies. Please check research methods when conclusions are very important to you. **
-------------------------------------------------TITLE: Scientists map the brain’s attention networks in children with ADHD
URL: https://www.psypost.org/brain-connectivity-for-attention-operates-on-a-unified-spectrum/
The brain systems that help children maintain focus seem to operate on a single shared spectrum, regardless of whether a child has an attention disorder. A large new study shows that the neurological markers of attention abilities do not differ between children with and without a diagnosis of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. The research was published in the *Journal of Attention Disorders*.
Attention is not a simple all-or-nothing trait. People possess varying levels of what psychologists call inhibitory control of attention. This is the cognitive skill that allows someone to focus on a specific task or stimulus while tuning out background distractions.
Deficits in this specific type of attention are highly common in neurodevelopmental conditions like ADHD. Because these attention difficulties can impact academic performance and daily life, medical researchers want to understand the underlying brain physiology. This knowledge can help guide clinical therapies for those who struggle the most.
Traditionally, psychiatric research has relied heavily on categorical diagnostic groups. This approach assumes that people with a condition like ADHD are fundamentally distinct from people without it. This traditional method helps doctors communicate efficiently about treatments, but it can mask the immense variability that exists within any single diagnostic group.
By contrast, modern frameworks propose studying human behavior along a continuous spectrum. Under this model, cognitive abilities and deficits are viewed as traits that everyone possesses to varying degrees. The new findings lend strong support to this dimensional approach for investigating neurodevelopmental outcomes.
To explore this concept, scientists use a tool called functional magnetic resonance imaging. Commonly known as fMRI, this technology measures brain activity by detecting subtle changes associated with blood flow. When neurons become active, they require more oxygen, which is transported by the blood.
Specifically, scientists look at functional connectivity, which maps how different regions of the brain communicate and synchronize their resting activity. When multiple brain areas activate together in an organized way, they form intricate functional networks. These networks manage everything from processing visual information to governing complex behaviors.
Prior research has linked particular brain networks to attention skills, while separate lines of research have linked other networks to ADHD diagnoses. Yet it remained unknown if having an official ADHD diagnosis changes the fundamental relationship between a person’s attention skills and their brain connectivity. Answering this question helps psychologists determine the most effective ways to model cognitive disorders.
Kelsey Harkness, a researcher at the Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute at the University of Calgary, led the new investigation to bridge this gap. Her team wanted to test if children with ADHD exist along the same continuum of brain and behavior associations as children without the diagnosis. They approached the investigation from a purely analytical standpoint to avoid past biases.
The researchers utilized information from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development database. This is a massive, long-term national project collecting neuroimaging and psychological data from children across the United States. The database aims to provide a highly representative sample of the nation’s youth for scientific inquiry.
For this large study, Harkness and her colleagues analyzed data from just over 7,000 children who were either nine or ten years old. Within this group, nearly 500 children had a current diagnosis of ADHD. The rest of the children served as a baseline control group.
To measure inhibitory control of attention, the subjects completed a standardized assessment called the Flanker task. During this test, children must identify the direction of a central arrow on a screen while ignoring surrounding arrows that point in either the same or opposite directions. The test determines a score based on both accuracy and reaction time.
The team also analyzed resting-state fMRI scans for all the children involved. Unlike traditional fMRI studies where subjects perform academic tasks while inside the scanner, resting-state scans observe the brain while a person is simply lying still and remaining awake. This allows the scanner to record the brain’s default communication patterns.
Task-based imaging can sometimes be complicated by how well or poorly a participant performs the required test while inside the machine. A child who is anxious about the loud, confined space of an MRI scanner might score poorly, skewing the functional connectivity data. Resting-state scans minimize this performance pressure, allowing scientists to identify the inherent communication routes within the nervous system.
The data analysis revealed independent patterns linking resting brain connectivity to both attention scores and diagnostic status. For instance, the children’s performance on the Flanker task correlated with connectivity in specific cortical circuits, such as the visual baseline networks. It also aligned with regions involved in sensory and motor processing, particularly those related to physical mouth or hand movements.
Separately, having an ADHD diagnosis was associated with connectivity patterns in entirely different brain regions. These connections primarily involved the ventral attention and auditory networks. These systems typically help the brain orient to unexpected sounds or new stimuli in the surrounding environment.
When the researchers compared the networks linked to attention scores with the networks linked to ADHD, they found no overlap. The brain connectivity differences associated with an ADHD diagnosis were completely distinct from the connectivity differences associated with basic attention skills. This divergence suggests that different behavioral traits depend on separate neurological pathways.
Most importantly, the team tested whether an ADHD diagnosis altered the relationship between a child’s attention score and their brain connectivity. The results of this specific test were not statistically significant.
This lack of an interaction means the neural wiring associated with inhibitory control looks essentially identical across both groups. A child with ADHD who scores poorly on the attention test has the same related brain connectivity as a neurotypical child who scores poorly.
The findings support the idea that attention abilities exist on a single, continuous spectrum for all children. It suggests that researchers can study fundamental cognitive traits across the entire population, rather than isolating individuals into rigid diagnostic categories. This framework aligns perfectly with transdiagnostic models of mental health.
The discovery that completely different brain networks relate to ADHD and attention also provides new insight into the disorder itself. It implies that the functional connectivity differences seen in children with ADHD might be driven by environmental factors or other symptoms. Diagnostic brain markers are likely influenced by a broad range of developmental variables beyond just the ability to tune out distractions.
Despite the large sample size, the researchers noted several limitations to their current analysis. The study only included children who were nine and ten years old, limiting the ability to generalize the results to younger children, teenagers, or adults.
Attention abilities and brain networks both develop and change rapidly as children grow. Certain networks become more robust during adolescence, while others scale back. Future developmental studies will need to track participants across different age ranges to see if this unified spectrum of attention stays consistent throughout the human lifespan.
The research team also relied on a single computer assessment, the Flanker task, to measure inhibitory control. Different types of attention tasks often engage slightly different brain networks. Using multiple assessments combined might yield a more rounded picture of childhood cognitive function in future projects.
Finally, the study calculated functional connectivity broadly across large, predefined cortical networks. This macro-level view prevented the researchers from examining the influence of smaller, deeper brain structures. Aggregating the data into twelve overarching networks simplifies the analysis but obscures fine-scale neurological mapping.
Deeper regions like the thalamus and striatum are known to play regulatory roles in attention. They are also frequent pharmacological targets for stimulant treatments prescribed to children with hyperactivity. Future investigations that look at the brain at a finer spatial scale could reveal additional details about the physiology of these conditions.
Ultimately, learning exactly how cognitive impairments relate to brain architecture can help medical professionals develop highly personalized interventions. By viewing attention as a continuum rather than a strictly binary trait, scientists hope to foster better long-term outcomes for all patients. Expanding on these transdiagnostic frameworks could redefine how developmental disorders are diagnosed and treated in the future.
The study, “The Relationship Between Inhibitory Control of Attention and fMRI Functional Connectivity in Children With and Without ADHD,” was authored by Kelsey Harkness, Matthias Wilms, Kate J. Godfrey, Signe Bray, and Kara Murias.
URL: https://www.psypost.org/brain-connectivity-for-attention-operates-on-a-unified-spectrum/
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#psychology #counseling #socialwork #psychotherapy @psychotherapist @psychotherapists @psychology @socialpsych @socialwork @psychiatry #mentalhealth #psychiatry #healthcare #depression #psychotherapist #ADHD #AttentionNetworks #fMRIFunctionalConnectivity #InhibitoryControl #Neurodevelopment #RestingStatefMRI #BrainConnectivity #Transdiagnostic #AttentionSpectrum #PediatricNeuroscience
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Ann Rose Bright from our lab has received the Young Scientist Award of the MPI for Biological Intelligence, together with Inbal Shainer from the Baier lab.
Ann is honoured for her work on how the timing of neurogenesis shapes the development of GABAergic neurons. Inhibitory neurons are generated over a window of about a week, so neurons born towards the end have several days less to migrate, mature and form their connections than those born at the start. Ann found that late-born neurons mature faster, and identified the transcription factor NFIB as a central regulator of this stage-specific difference.
In Ann's words: "We found that late-born neurons catch up by maturing faster, with those born at the end of neurogenesis speeding up their whole developmental process to be ready in time."
Congratulations to Ann and to her co-first authors Yana Kotlyarenko and Florian Neuhaus. The prize is endowed by the Elisabeth und Helmut Uhl Stiftung.
Institute news: https://www.bi.mpg.de/news/2026-07-ysa
Paper, Nature Neuroscience: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41593-025-01999-y#newsmayerlab #YoungScientistAward #MaxPlanck #Neuroscience #Neurodevelopment
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Genetic risk for neurodevelopmental and psychiatric disorders may act less by deleting inhibitory neuron types than by biasing how they are made. This is the subject of our new review in Current Opinion in Genetics & Development (Dvoretskova & Mayer).
We draw on developmental genetics, lineage tracing, and human genetics. The main point: disease-linked variants often don't abolish particular inhibitory neuron types. Instead they shift developmental trajectories — timing, fate bias, lineage allocation — leaving subtype proportions imbalanced among otherwise normal cell types.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gde.2026.102504
#newsmayerlab #neuroscience #neurodevelopment -
Postdoctoral Fellow Position
Department of Medical Genetics, University of CalgaryPlease submit a single PDF to [email protected]
See the full job description on jobRxiv: https://jobrxiv.org/job/department-of-medical-genetics-university-of-calgary-27778-postdoctoral-fellow-position/
#neurodegeneration #neurodevelopment #neurodevelopmentaldisorders #postdoct...
https://jobrxiv.org/job/department-of-medical-genetics-university-of-calgary-27778-postdoctoral-fellow-position/?fsp_sid=13013 -
+++ Was ist das 🌱😀 👯 #Endocannabinoidsystem des Menschen? +++ #ZUSAMMENHÄNGE SIE HABEN angeblich KEINE AHNUNG ❓ wer sind SIE❓ ⬇️
#BINGO 🐮 🤠 ➡️ ➡️ ➡️ https://youtu.be/WXN9EuQsz8w [in Deutsch]
#Cannabinoids #epigenetics #DNAmethylation #addiction #CB1receptor #neurodevelopment #traumata #janov #Studie #Merz #Söder #Bas #Schwerdtner #Klingbeil #ThorstenFrei #Reiche #Huber #WEEDMoB #Hanfgeschichten #hanf #GRÜNE #Cancer #Krebs #Grundrechte #Deutschland #Schweiz #Medcan #Cannabis #Kreislaufwirtschaft
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+++ Was ist das 🌱😀 👯 #Endocannabinoidsystem des Menschen? +++ #ZUSAMMENHÄNGE SIE HABEN angeblich KEINE AHNUNG ❓ wer sind SIE❓ ⬇️
#BINGO 🐮 🤠 ➡️ ➡️ ➡️ https://youtu.be/WXN9EuQsz8w [in Deutsch]
#Cannabinoids #epigenetics #DNAmethylation #addiction #CB1receptor #neurodevelopment #traumata #janov #Studie #Merz #Söder #Bas #Schwerdtner #Klingbeil #ThorstenFrei #Reiche #Huber #WEEDMoB #Hanfgeschichten #hanf #GRÜNE #Cancer #Krebs #Grundrechte #Deutschland #Schweiz #Medcan #Cannabis #Kreislaufwirtschaft
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+++ Was ist das 🌱😀 👯 #Endocannabinoidsystem des Menschen? +++ #ZUSAMMENHÄNGE SIE HABEN angeblich KEINE AHNUNG ❓ wer sind SIE❓ ⬇️
#BINGO 🐮 🤠 ➡️ ➡️ ➡️ https://youtu.be/WXN9EuQsz8w [in Deutsch]
#Cannabinoids #epigenetics #DNAmethylation #addiction #CB1receptor #neurodevelopment #traumata #janov #Studie #Merz #Söder #Bas #Schwerdtner #Klingbeil #ThorstenFrei #Reiche #Huber #WEEDMoB #Hanfgeschichten #hanf #GRÜNE #Cancer #Krebs #Grundrechte #Deutschland #Schweiz #Medcan #Cannabis #Kreislaufwirtschaft
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+++ Was ist das 🌱 #Endocannabinoidsystem des Menschen? +++
lerne mehr: ➡️ ➡️ ➡️ https://youtu.be/WXN9EuQsz8w [in Deutsch]
#Cannabinoids #epigenetics #DNAmethylation #addiction #CB1receptor #neurodevelopment #traumata #janov #Studie #Merz #Söder #Bas #Schwerdtner #Klingbeil #ThorstenFrei #Reiche #Huber #WEEDMoB #Hanfgeschichten #hanf #GRÜNE #Cancer #Krebs #Grundrechte #Deutschland #Schweiz #Medcan #cop30 #Cannabis #Kreislaufwirtschaft
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ADHD is more than distraction or hyperactivity — it’s a brain-based condition that affects focus, organization, and impulse control. With the right treatment and support, people with ADHD can thrive. 💡
#ADHD #MentalHealth #Neurodevelopment #Telehealth #ADHDAwareness
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PsyPost: More time spent on social media is linked to a thinner cerebral cortex in young adolescents. “New research published in the journal NeuroImage suggests that spending more time on social media is associated with physical differences in the developing brains of young adolescents. Specifically, children who spent more hours on digital platforms exhibited a thinner outer layer of the brain […]
https://rbfirehose.com/2026/04/22/psypost-more-time-spent-on-social-media-is-linked-to-a-thinner-cerebral-cortex-in-young-adolescents/ -
ADHD is more than distraction or hyperactivity — it’s a brain-based condition that affects focus, organization, and impulse control. With the right support, people with ADHD can thrive. 💡
#ADHD #MentalHealth #Neurodevelopment #Telehealth #ADHDAwareness -
ADHD isn’t a lack of willpower — it’s a brain-based condition rooted in neurobiology. With the right diagnosis and treatment, focus and function can improve. 💡
#ADHD #Neurodevelopment #MentalHealth #Telehealth #ADHDAwareness -
🥦 +++ NICHT NUR FÜR EXPERTEN ODER EXPERTINNEN +++ ⚠️
[... #tobacco and #alcohol have large effects on genome wide DNA #methylation while
#marijuana consumption has 🙏 nonsignificant effects.
... related to #neurodevelopment, suggesting the mediation between recreational drug consumption and neurological disorders. ...] #FASD #Alkohol #Söder #Merz #CSU #CDU #SPD #Volksgesundheit #weedmob #Cannabis #science #epigenetik #Medizin #Wissenshaft #Gesundheit #health #janov
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+++ Was ist das 🌱 #Endocannabinoidsystem des Menschen? +++
lerne mehr: ➡️ ➡️ ➡️ https://youtu.be/WXN9EuQsz8w [in Deutsch]
#Cannabinoids #epigenetics #DNAmethylation #addiction #CB1receptor #neurodevelopment #traumata #janov #Studie #Merz #Söder #Bas #Schwerdtner #Klingbeil #ThorstenFrei #Reiche #Huber #hanf #hemp #marijuana #Gesundheit #SPD #CSU #CDU #DIELINKE #FDP #GRÜNE #Cancer #Krebs #Grundrechte #Deutschland #Schweiz #Cannabis
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⚠️ >>> Forscher ziehen Fazit <<<⚠️
... die 🌱 #Bevölkerung mit #falschenInformationen versorgt ❓ 📡 ➡️ mehr erfahren: ➡️ ➡️ ➡️ https://www.konturen.de/fachbeitraege/cannabislegalisierung-in-kanada-seit-2018/ ☣️
#CB1receptor #neurodevelopment #traumata #janov #Studie #Merz #Söder #Bas #Schwerdtner #Klingbeil #ThorstenFrei #Reiche #WEEDMoB #Cannabisgeschichten #hanf #hemp #marijuana #Gesundheit #CanG #SPD #CSU #CDU #DIELINKE #FDP #GRÜNE #Cancer #Krebs #Grundrechte #Deutschland #Schweiz #Medcan #Cannabis #Kreislaufwirtschaft
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+++ Was ist das 🌱 #Endocannabinoidsystem des Menschen? +++
lerne mehr: ➡️ ➡️ ➡️ https://youtu.be/WXN9EuQsz8w [in Deutsch]
#Cannabinoids #epigenetics #DNAmethylation #addiction #CB1receptor #neurodevelopment #traumata #janov #Studie #Merz #Söder #Bas #Schwerdtner #Klingbeil #ThorstenFrei #Reiche #Huber #WEEDMoB #hanf #hemp #marijuana #Gesundheit #CanG #SPD #CSU #CDU #DIELINKE #FDP #GRÜNE #Cancer #Krebs #Grundrechte #Deutschland #Schweiz #Medcan #cop30 #Cannabis #Kreislaufwirtschaft
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n-tv Sendung "Frühstart"
+++ "Es war furchtbar" +++ 😬
Friedrich #Merz spricht im Interview über persönliche 🌱 #Cannabis-Erfahrung
21. März 2024 16:58 Uhr
https://www.stern.de/politik/deutschland/cannabis-legalisierung--friedrich-merz-fand-eigene-erfahrung--furchtbar--34564956.html#CB1receptor #neurodevelopment #traumata #janov #Studie #Merz #Söder #Bas #Schwerdtner #Klingbeil #ThorstenFrei #Reiche #WEEDMoB #Cannabisgeschichten #hanf #hemp #marijuana #Gesundheit #CanG #SPD #CSU #CDU #DIELINKE #FDP #GRÜNE #Cancer #Krebs #Grundrechte #Deutschland #Schweiz #Medcan #Kreislaufwirtschaft #klima
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⚠️ >>> Forscher ziehen Fazit <<<⚠️
... die 🌱 #Bevölkerung mit #falschenInformationen versorgt ❓ 📡 ➡️ mehr erfahren: ➡️ ➡️ ➡️ https://www.konturen.de/fachbeitraege/cannabislegalisierung-in-kanada-seit-2018/ ☣️
#CB1receptor #neurodevelopment #traumata #janov #Studie #Merz #Söder #Bas #Schwerdtner #Klingbeil #ThorstenFrei #Reiche #WEEDMoB #Cannabisgeschichten #hanf #hemp #marijuana #Gesundheit #CanG #SPD #CSU #CDU #DIELINKE #FDP #GRÜNE #Cancer #Krebs #Grundrechte #Deutschland #Schweiz #Medcan #Cannabis #Kreislaufwirtschaft
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Menzel fordert stattdessen eine „medizinisch verantwortungsvolle #Telemedizin“, also Onlineplattformen, auf denen Ärztinnen und Ärzte per Video 🌱 #Cannabis verschreiben können.
https://taz.de/Verkauf-von-medizinischem-Cannabis/!6134152/
#CB1receptor #neurodevelopment #traumata #janov #Studie #Merz #Söder #Bas #Schwerdtner #Klingbeil #Reiche #WEEDMoB #Hanfgeschichten #hanf #marijuana #Gesundheit #CanG #SPD #CSU #CDU #DIELINKE #FDP #GRÜNE #Cancer #Krebs #Grundrechte #Deutschland #Schweiz #Medcan #Cannabis #Kreislaufwirtschaft
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⚠️ >>> Forscher ziehen Fazit <<<⚠️
... die 🌱 #Bevölkerung mit #falschenInformationen versorgt ❓ 📡 ➡️ mehr erfahren: ➡️ ➡️ ➡️ https://www.konturen.de/fachbeitraege/cannabislegalisierung-in-kanada-seit-2018/ ☣️
#CB1receptor #neurodevelopment #traumata #janov #Studie #Merz #Söder #Bas #Schwerdtner #Klingbeil #ThorstenFrei #Reiche #WEEDMoB #Hanfgeschichten #hanf #hemp #marijuana #Gesundheit #CanG #SPD #CSU #CDU #DIELINKE #FDP #GRÜNE #Cancer #Krebs #Grundrechte #Deutschland #Schweiz #Medcan #Cannabis #Kreislaufwirtschaft