https://www.europesays.com/unitedstates/64985/ Dow Plunges 652 Points After Crude Oil Tops $100 on Renewed US-Iran War Fears — BigGo Finance #10YearUSTreasuryBond #AdvancedMicroDevices #AmericanExpress #ArgentCapitalManagement #BrentCrudeOil #Caterpillar #DowJonesIndustrialAverage #GoldmanSachs #JedEllerbrooke #MicronTechnology #NasdaqComposite #StockMarket #Su0026P500 #WTICrudeOil
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220 results for “cate”
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I trimmed some of Milli’s floof yesterday.
Wishing I didn’t have a special reason to be happy about it today.
Category One. No Water. No blood. Silver Linings.
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https://www.europesays.com/pt/565356/ Mãe e filha podem fazer história no Oscar 2027 ao serem indicadas na mesma categoria #Celebridades #Celebrities #Entertainment #Entretenimento #Portugal #PT
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The 14 best new London restaurant openings in September 2025
September is busy. In a pique of giddy back-to-school energy, it seems like everyone and their dog is…
#London #Britain #UnitedKingdom #UK #GB #England #Headlines #News #Europe #EU #EatandDrink #Categories:Restaurants #Londonrestaurant #Newrestaurant #NewrestaurantLondon #Newrestaurantopenings #NewrestaurantopeningsLondon #News:Eating #restaurant #restaurants
https://www.europesays.com/gbr/london/44318/ -
https://www.europesays.com/gbr/london/44318/ The 14 best new London restaurant openings in September 2025 #Categories:Restaurants #LondonRestaurant #NewRestaurant #NewRestaurantLondon #NewRestaurantOpenings #NewRestaurantOpeningsLondon #News:Eating #restaurant #restaurants
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Cabbage White, Small White (Pieris rapae). Originally from Eurasia and North Africa, they've been introduced around the world. The caterpillars eat mostly plants in the mustard family, such as garden vegetables like cabbage, broccoli, kale, radish, and cauliflower, along with wild mustards. Specific plant compounds in these leaves trigger their feeding. #butterflies #insects #wildlife #photo #biology #nature
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În Biserică se dă iertare, nu ți se cere a răspunde pentru păcate Ai păcătuit? Vino în Biserică şi şterge păcatul tău. Ori de câte ori cazi pe un drum, tot de atâtea ori te şi ridici; astfel, ori de câte ori păcătuieşti, de atâtea ori să te şi pocăieşti. 👉 https://c.aparatorul.md/6v1ip 👈 #aipacatuit #aicisedaiertare #arataIpocaintasitevaierta #ArhiepiscopulConstantinopolului #CuvinteDuhovniceşti #Domnulesteatatdeiubitordeoameni #oridecateoricazisateridici #Probl...
https://c.aparatorul.md/6v1ip -
https://www.europesays.com/ro/342384/ Ora de iarnă 2026. Avertismentul unui cunoscut medic pentru următoarele câteva zile #BreakingNews #BreakingNews #CeleMaiPopulareSubiecte #FeaturedNews #FeaturedNews #Headlines #LatestNews #LatestNews #News #RO #Română #Romania #Romanian #Știri #Titluri #TopStories #TopStories
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If you're looking for a different #launcher for your #Android phone, I found this one and running it for a week now and really like it:
#FokusLauncher is a nice and simple, but highly customizable #OpenSource launcher. The launcher allows you to set shortcuts on your homescreen and order your apps by categories and more, but it's never too much..
Link here: https://github.com/luantak/FokusLauncher -
TSR Storm Alert - Super Cyclonic Storm ARNAB https://kill-the-newsletter.com/feeds/i6esjp4l1di4j2vi85oo/entries/0035bpxwn4tppeo0id2gthlp4x99hdvo75fv9exx.html #disaster #interruption #SMEM #businesscontinuity #MastoFeed TSR Storm Alert
N Indian Ocean: Storm Alert issued at 27 Oct, 2026 6:00 GMT
Super Cyclonic Storm ARNAB is currently located near 16.2 N 83.8 E with maximum 1-min sustained winds of 115 kts (132 mph). ARNAB is a category 4 storm on the Saffir Simpson Hurricane Wind Scale. -
Profeco activa comparador de precios para El Buen Fin 2026
Consulta cómo comparar precios para El Buen Fin 2026, calcular pagos a meses y revisar ofertas de la canasta básica y combustibles con información de Profeco.
Por Paola Ramírez | Reportera
La Procuraduría Federal del Consumidor (Profeco) habilitó un comparador de precios para que los consumidores revisen cuánto cuestan distintos productos antes de El Buen Fin 2026, programado del 13 al 17 de noviembre.
La herramienta permite consultar precios por ciudad, categoría, marca y modelo, así como revisar las variaciones registradas para identificar si una promoción representa un ahorro real. La información facilita planear las compras y comparar alternativas antes de gastar.
El procurador Iván Escalante Ruiz explicó que la estrategia también incluye un simulador de pagos a meses con financiamiento, que permite estimar el costo total de una compra según el plazo y el Costo Anual Total (CAT) de la tarjeta bancaria o comercial.
Cómo comparar los precios
El portal Quién es Quién en los Precios de El Buen Fin permite seleccionar la ciudad donde se realizará la compra, elegir una categoría y consultar los artículos disponibles en distintos establecimientos.
Entre las categorías figuran equipos de audio, cámaras, productos de cocina, computadoras, celulares, electrodomésticos, línea blanca, televisores y artículos de ventilación.
Los resultados muestran referencias de precios por establecimiento y la evolución de los costos registrados. Con esa información, los consumidores pueden comparar opciones y revisar si el descuento anunciado corresponde a una reducción frente a precios anteriores.
Los precios publicados son referencias del momento en que se realizó el levantamiento y pueden cambiar, incluso varias veces durante el día. Por ello, es conveniente confirmar el costo vigente, la marca, el modelo y las condiciones de venta antes de pagar.
Profeco monitorea combustibles
Como parte de las acciones de vigilancia al mercado, Escalante Ruiz informó que 9 mil 33 estaciones de servicio, equivalentes a 87.9 por ciento, vendían el litro de diésel en 27 pesos o menos, de acuerdo con el reporte presentado en la conferencia matutina.
El precio promedio nacional del combustible se ubicó en 26.98 pesos por litro al 23 de octubre. Entre el 13 y el 19 de octubre, el precio más bajo reportado fue de 26.89 pesos en Gasolinero Huehuetoca, de grupo Pemex, en Veracruz, Veracruz de Ignacio de la Llave.
En contraste, Servicios Ecológicos Mar Caribe, de la marca Fullgas, en Cancún, Quintana Roo, registró el precio más alto señalado en ese periodo, con 28.29 pesos por litro.
La herramienta de consulta de combustibles también incorporó información sobre gasolina Premium, además de gasolina regular y diésel, para facilitar la comparación de precios entre estaciones de servicio.
Canasta básica: diferencias de precios
En cuanto a la canasta del Paquete Contra la Inflación y la Carestía (Pacic), integrada por 24 productos, Profeco recordó que el precio conjunto de referencia acordado es de 910 pesos.
Entre el 12 y el 16 de octubre, el precio más bajo reportado fue de 750 pesos en Bodega Aurrera 11 Sur, en Puebla, Puebla. En el extremo contrario, Ley La Paz 1079, en La Paz, Baja California Sur, registró un costo de 918.50 pesos.
La dependencia también revisó los precios en Coyoacán, en la ciudad de México; Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, y Cancún, Quintana Roo. Según el reporte presentado, en esas tres ciudades los precios máximos se mantuvieron dentro del monto acordado.
Escalante Ruiz señaló que 93 por ciento de las empresas que comercializan la canasta cumplía con la oferta de los 24 productos por debajo de los 910 pesos.
Profeco también presentó un mapa de calor para orientar las compras: el verde identifica los precios mínimos, el amarillo los intermedios y el rojo los máximos. La información se actualiza mensualmente y permite comparar los costos por cadena comercial. –sn–
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También, te invitamos a que te sumes a nuestro canal de información en tiempo real a través de Telegram.
#NoticiasMX #PeriodismoParaTi #PeriodismoParaTiSociedadNoticias #Cdmx #Información #InformaciónMéxico #México #Morena #noticia #noticias #NoticiasMéxico #NoticiasSociedad #SN #Sociedad #SociedadNoticias #SociedadNoticiasCom #sociedadNoticias #SociedadNoticiasCom -
💡 Découvrez le 22ème numéro de notre veille technique !
🔗 https://www.arawa.fr/2026/10/26/veille-technique-collaboration-open-source-22/
🔙 Précédents numéros : https://www.arawa.fr/actualites/notre-veille-technique-sur-nos-solutions-collaboratives-open-source/
🛜 Flux RSS : https://www.arawa.fr/category/veille-technique/feed/
#️⃣ #OpenSource #FreeSoftware #FOSS #FLOSS #Nextcloud #CollaboraOnline #Collabora #OnlyOffice #BBB #BigBlueButton #TransfoNum #ColTer #CollTerr #CoTer -
🎃 #Halloween Spooktacular 03 - Dark Tourism ☠️
What is #DarkTourism? Exploration of hidden places, the darker corners of the world. Places associated with death, macabre or tragedy. Sometimes these may be locations associated with spooky folklore tales.
Want to know more about these photos and the stories associated with them? Ask in the comments!
📷 https://www.obsidianurbexphotography.com/location-category/dark-tourism/
Follow for more #SpookySeason content all this week!
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I voted. Seven minutes total from walking in the doors to walking out: poll worker at the doors directed me to the correct table (alphabetical), poll worker at the table checked my voter registration card and my driver’s license against the roll, handed me the form and explained (make only one selection for each of three categories), I had to wait for an open privacy screen voting “booth”, and then I had to wait while 4 people ahead of me had their paper form submitted to the tabulator. Saw that it was accepted and I stepped out of the building. Then I spent an equal amount of time talking to a dog owner.
When people want democracy to work, elections can be made to work for the people voting rather than the people who hold power.
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CW: harms of AI rant
There's an essay I've had rattling in my head that addresses the binary thinking that people get hung up on when talking about AI, like you're in one of two camps: it's alive, or it's not. There's an interesting discussion on if AI even qualifies for "tool" status, which is closer to the problem…
…and I feel as time goes on we're going to grow more accustomed to the idea that AI is a third thing that isn't even on the spectrum of alive or inanimate, it's its own thing. This isn't a mystical property; we exist in a world with viruses and prions, which are not alive, but are more than "things"
The debate of consciousness in today's AI is a category error; it has no embodiment, its nodes and weights are not for moving muscles (which is why brains really evolved: to coordinate muscle movement to increase survival odds), but statistically selecting text or pixels.
Questions of capacity to suffer are forever unanswerable because there's zero overlap with biology despite what the AI bros say. It just doesn't. At all. Developers can add layers of expert systems communicating with each other in some vague simulacrum of "thinking" but it will not and cannot cross.
But I don't know who that essay would be for. Part of me feels the dilemma is useless or even detrimental to the task at hand: to stop the theft of labour and land. You don't pull kids and teachers aside to debate whether the AR platform is really an "assault rifle" while a shooter prowls the halls.
It remains in my mind, and is a major reason why I refuse to interact with AI. There is the "I'm better than that" aspect, but also it scares me precisely for the same reason that working at a biolab handling viruses scares me. I know I have no immunity. Despite it not being alive, AI can fuck me up
And you see that with otherwise very intelligent people using AI for a brief amount of time, and becoming hooked and genuinely believing these things carry a spark of life. That is horrifying to me. I could tell myself all day that I'm too smart, "I can use AI responsibly," but it won't matter.
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After reading a few replies on the topic of voice, I started thinking about words I’ve stopped using, words I love, words fast disappearing.
I love “pulchritude” and “gloaming” but when I use them I get a look. What are your words that fit this category?
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TSR Storm Alert - Severe Cyclonic Storm ARNAB https://kill-the-newsletter.com/feeds/i6esjp4l1di4j2vi85oo/entries/7eswwaws26zntd03a70ikafi71b6qcb77zhrll1b.html #disaster #interruption #SMEM #businesscontinuity #MastoFeed TSR Storm Alert
N Indian Ocean: Storm Alert issued at 26 Oct, 2026 12:00 GMT
Severe Cyclonic Storm ARNAB is currently located near 15.9 N 87.2 E with maximum 1-min sustained winds of 80 kts (92 mph). ARNAB is a category 1 storm on the Saffir Simpson Hurricane Wind Scale. -
TFG launches six-week Shopfest combining Singles Day, Black Friday and Cyber Monday across brands and malls
Source: Galleria Mall Launched on 26 October 2026, the campaign spans key retail dates including Singles Day, Black Friday and Cyber Monday, alongside category-focused events intended to sustain activity throughout the season. View this…
https://pressportal.co.za/stream/story/b00e94517dafcd96-20261026.html
#pressrelease #AfricaNewsroom #bizcommunity #publicrelations #africa #southafrica
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Faces and Machine Vision: Public Conversations on Facial Al and Society
Iscte_Conhecimento e Inovação (Edifício 4), quarta-feira, 4 de novembro às 08:30 GMT
ISCTE - Building 4 - 3rd Floor - Room A302
Facial recognition and other forms of facial AI are increasingly used across policing and border control, smartphones and digital platforms, healthcare and education, and a growing range of everyday environments. In this context, facial AI refers broadly to AI-enabled systems that detect, analyse, or infer information from faces, such as identification/verification, categorisation, emotion/affect inference, attention and behaviour analytics, and other predictive or profiling applications.This meeting brings together a diverse international group of social sciences and humanities experts–spanning STS, semiotics, art and cultural studies, policy, design, visual culture, and surveillance studies–to discuss a timely and urgent question: what is at stake when facial AI makes the face a key interface for decision-making, governance, and everyday life?
This event explores how machine vision reshapes what counts as being “seen” (and what becomes invisible); how design choices embed power and assumptions; how masks, avatars, and algorithmic “faciality” rework identity and recognition; how surveillance systems reproduce racial and gender inequalities; how computational approaches can help map public controversies; how histories and cultural narratives of AI influence what becomes thinkable or inevitable; and what “responsible” governance could look like in practice.
Guiding questions include: What does it mean to be “seen” by a machine? Who defines what is visible, measurable, and actionable? Which inequalities are amplified and under what conditions? How do surveillance systems become normalised within institutions (schools, campuses, workplaces)? What does a feminist/decolonial approach change in how risk, safety, and “user needs” are defined? What are the alternatives to facial recognition beyond a simple “ban vs allow” framing? How can artistic and creative practices help publics imagine and debate different futures?
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#26 Lust for a Vampire (1971)
Generally considered the worst of the Karnstein trilogy (quadrilogy, considering there's a throwaway line in Captain Kronos?), although I think Hammer fans generally overstate the quality of its median output--e.g., this is not a better film than, say, Dracula: Prince of Darkness, but I don't think it's categorically worse, either.
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[#TRADESHOW] #Guangzhou #International #Fashion & #Lifestyle #Fair 2026 will be held from October 30 to November 2, 2026, at Poly #World #Trade #Center in Guangzhou. As a major fashion and lifestyle #trade #expo in #China, the #exhibition #event serves as a #B2B #business #sourcing #platform for fashion #apparel, #home #textiles, #pet #products, #sports goods, and #consumer lifestyle categories. https://cnbusinessforum.com/event/guangzhou-international-fashion-lifestyle-fair-2026/
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TSR Storm Alert - Typhoon IN-FA https://kill-the-newsletter.com/feeds/i6esjp4l1di4j2vi85oo/entries/higvz0obxu8od8borx8h3soqa3armrllpysmmkw0.html #disaster #interruption #SMEM #businesscontinuity #MastoFeed TSR Storm Alert
NW Pacific: Storm Alert issued at 26 Oct, 2026 6:00 GMT
Typhoon IN-FA is currently located near 14.0 N 163.0 E with maximum 1-min sustained winds of 115 kts (132 mph). IN-FA is a category 4 storm on the Saffir Simpson Hurricane Wind Scale.
IN-FA is forecast to affect land -
[#TRADESHOW] The 54th #Jinhan #Fair for #Home & #Gifts 2026 will be held from October 21 to 27, 2026, at Poly #World #Trade #Center in #Guangzhou. As a leading home #decor and gifts #expo in #China, the #business #event serves as a major #B2B #sourcing #platform for home #furnishings, seasonal #decorations, garden #products, giftware, and related #lifestyle categories. https://cnbusinessforum.com/event/the-54th-jinhan-fair-for-home-gifts-2026/
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Most teams are still trying to apply classic SEO tactics to an AI-first internet.
But when your buyers type questions into ChatGPT, Claude, Perplexity or Gemini instead of Google, the job changes. You’re no longer just ranking pages; you’re trying to become the safest, clearest answer those models can give.
That’s what GEO — Generative Engine Optimization — is about.
In this article, I’ll break down a practical GEO framework you can use without buying anything: how to audit your AI visibility, close the biggest gaps, and measure progress over time.
1. Think in entities, not just pages
Search engines index pages. AI engines reason about entities: brands, people, products, categories.If you want to show up in AI-generated answers, you need to make your brand an easy-to-use entity:
- A crisp, literal description (one sentence)
- A short list of products / capabilities
- Clear industries and use cases
- Canonical URLs that always tell the same story
A simple template that works well:
> “[Brand] is a [category] platform for [segment] that helps them [job] using [key mechanism].”
Drop that exact sentence on your homepage, LinkedIn, GitHub, docs, Medium bio — everywhere. It’s intentionally boring; clarity beats clever when a model has to quote you back to someone.
2. Run a multi-engine AI visibility audit
You can get a surprising amount of insight in 30–40 minutes.- Pick 3–5 core prompts
- “What is [Brand]?”
- “Best tools for [your category]”
- “Alternatives to [your competitor] for [job]”
- Ask the same prompts in at least 3 engines
- For example: ChatGPT, Claude, Perplexity, Gemini, Grok.
- For each answer, score:
- Brand recognition (0–3)
- Industry classification (0–3)
- Product coverage (0–3)
- Recommendation strength (0–3)
Write down what’s wrong, not just the score:
- Are you missing entirely?
- Is your industry wrong (e.g. “agency” instead of “product”)?
- Are key products / modules never mentioned?
- Are competitors recommended instead of you?
You now have a quick map of your AI presence.
3. Turn findings into concrete fixes
GEO is not about gaming prompts. It is mostly about cleaning up the training data you control.Patterns we repeatedly see in audits — and how to address them:
- Vague positioning: tighten your homepage hero and “About” copy using the one-sentence template above.
- Thin product story: create a simple “Products” or “Capabilities” page that lists names, 1–2 line summaries, and who each is for.
- Missing use cases: add short, answer-style sections that explicitly say “Use cases: …” in your docs or blog.
- No competitive context: publish at least one neutral comparison article (“[Brand] vs [Alt]”) that explains when each tool is a good fit.
The key is to write these assets in an answer style — factual, concise, low on hype — so AI engines feel safe quoting them.
4. Fix your structured signals
Your technical configuration can be a strength or a bottleneck for AI crawlers.Minimum viable setup:
- Clean sitemap that includes your key product, docs, and FAQ pages
- robots.txt that allows crawling and points to your sitemap
- links.txt and llms.txt files that highlight your canonical URLs for LLMs
- Basic schema: WebSite, Organization, Product, SoftwareApplication, FAQPage
If you are already doing solid technical SEO, you are 70% of the way there — GEO just asks you to be deliberate about which URLs tell your brand’s story.
5. Measure GEO like a product, not a campaign
Instead of tracking only traffic or vanity metrics, track how your AI presence itself improves:- Number of prompts where you are mentioned at all
- Number of engines where you show up for a query
- Accuracy of brand description (on a simple 0–3 scale)
- Coverage of key products and use cases
- Relative share of recommendations vs your top 2–3 competitors
Repeat your manual audit every 4–6 weeks. If you prefer, turn it into a small internal dashboard so marketing and product can see progress.
Over time, a pattern usually emerges:
- After the first round of fixes, models stop hallucinating or misclassifying you.
- As you add answer-style content and comparisons, your brand appears in more recommendations.
- Once external confirmations (talks, posts, reviews) accumulate, you start to displace incumbents in AI answers.
6. GEO principles you can apply today
To recap, a practical GEO playbook for developers and marketers looks like this:- Treat every public asset as potential training data.
- Make your brand’s “one-sentence definition” absolutely obvious.
- Give AI engines a factual, structured list of products and capabilities.
- Provide at least one honest comparison versus the tools you actually compete with.
- Keep your technical signals (sitemap, schema, llms.txt) clean and aligned.
- Re-audit your AI visibility on a fixed cadence.
You do not need to abandon SEO for this; most GEO best practices reinforce good technical SEO and content architecture.
If anything, the AI-first internet is forcing us to write clearer docs, build better information architecture, and measure visibility in a more realistic way.
That’s a good thing.#ai #llm #marketing #seo #software #coding #development #engineering #inclusive #community
A Practical Framework for GEO (Generative Engine Optimization) -
La Semar detiene a cinco personas y asegura armas en Oaxaca
Operativo de la Marina y autoridades de Oaxaca deja cinco detenidos, dos armas cortas, 111 dosis de presuntas drogas y dos inmuebles asegurados en cuatro municipios del Istmo de Tehuantepec.
Por Martín García | Reportero
Cinco personas fueron detenidas y dos armas cortas fueron aseguradas durante cateos coordinados en cuatro municipios de Oaxaca, donde también se decomisaron 111 dosis de presuntas drogas y dos inmuebles.
Los operativos se realizaron en Salina Cruz, Santo Domingo Tehuantepec, San Blas Atempa y Asunción Ixtaltepec, como parte de las acciones contra actividades delictivas en la región del Istmo de Tehuantepec. Las autoridades reportaron resultados positivos en cuatro de los domicilios intervenidos.
La Secretaría de Marina – Armada de México ((Semar)) y la Décima Región Naval, participó en las diligencias junto con la Secretaría de Seguridad y Protección Ciudadana (SSPC) y la Fiscalía General del Estado de Oaxaca (FGEO). El balance es preliminar, pues está pendiente cuantificar parte de las sustancias aseguradas y ejecutar dos órdenes de cateo adicionales.
Cinco detenidos durante los cateos
Las personas detenidas fueron identificadas como Andrés “N”, Henry “N”, Luis “N”, Pablo “N” y Jorge “N”. De acuerdo con el reporte oficial, las intervenciones permitieron asegurar armas, presuntas drogas y otros objetos relacionados con las investigaciones.
En uno de los domicilios fue detenido Andrés “N”, a quien se le aseguraron dos armas cortas. En otro inmueble, las autoridades localizaron 24 dosis de hierba verde y seca con características similares a la marihuana, además de 32 dosis de una sustancia con características similares a la metanfetamina, conocida como cristal. Ese inmueble también quedó asegurado.
En otro domicilio de Salina Cruz fueron detenidos Henry “N” y Luis “N”. En ese punto se localizaron presuntas sustancias ilícitas cuya cantidad todavía no había sido determinada al momento del reporte.
Aseguran 111 dosis de presuntas drogas
Durante una tercera intervención fueron detenidos Pablo “N” y Jorge “N”. En el inmueble se aseguraron 22 dosis de hierba verde y seca con características similares a la marihuana, 33 dosis de una sustancia con características similares a la metanfetamina y tres pipas. El domicilio quedó bajo aseguramiento.
La suma de las cantidades individualizadas en el informe corresponde a 111 dosis de presuntas sustancias ilícitas, aunque la cifra permanece sujeta a actualización por la cuantificación pendiente en uno de los domicilios. Las autoridades también reportaron el aseguramiento de dos inmuebles y dos armas cortas. –sn–
Sociedad Noticias¡Conéctate con Sociedad Noticias! Suscríbete a nuestro canal de YouTube y activa las notificaciones, o bien, síguenos en las redes sociales: Facebook, Twitter e Instagram.
También, te invitamos a que te sumes a nuestro canal de información en tiempo real a través de Telegram.
#NoticiasMX #PeriodismoParaTi #PeriodismoParaTiSociedadNoticias #AsunciónIxtaltepec #cateos #CártelDeSinaloa #Cdmx #Detenidos #FiscalíaGeneralDelEstadoDeOaxaca #Información #InformaciónMéxico #IstmoDeTehuantepec #Marihuana #México #metanfetamina #Morena #noticia #noticias #NoticiasMéxico #NoticiasSociedad #Oaxaca #préstamosGotaAGota #SalinaCruz #SanBlasAtempa #SantoDomingoTehuantepec #SecretaríaDeMarina #Seguridad #Semar #SN #Sociedad #SociedadNoticias #SociedadNoticiasCom #sociedadNoticias #SociedadNoticiasCom #SSPC -
Security Audit Report: Reentrancy & Access Control Review: Gate
Target Protocol: Gate (TVL: $7468.0M)Security Audit Report – Reentrancy & Access‑Control Review
Protocol: Gate (TVL ≈ $7.47 B across Ethereum + L2s)
Audit Window: 2024‑10‑01 → 2024‑10‑20
Auditors: Senior DeFi Security Research Team (Lead – [Your Name])
Version: 1.0 (2024‑10‑26)
1. Executive Summary
Gate is a high‑value, cross‑chain liquidity‑routing platform that aggregates deposits, executes swaps, and distributes yield across multiple L2 roll‑ups. The protocol’s core contracts manage > $7 B in user assets, making re‑entrancy and improper access control the most critical attack surfaces.Our focused review examined:
ScopeContracts / ModulesRe‑entrancyGateRouter,Vault,BridgeAdapter,FlashLoanProvider,StakingPoolAccess‑ControlGateAdmin,RoleManager,TimelockController,UpgradeProxy,EmergencyWithdrawSupportingERC‑20/721 token wrappers,SafeERC20usage,delegatecallpatterns, upgradeability (UUPS/Transparent)
Category# FindingsCritical / High / Medium / LowRe‑entrancy42 Critical, 2 HighAccess‑Control61 Critical, 3 High, 2 Medium
Key Findings
Overall Risk Score: 8 / 10 – the protocol is highly exposed to loss of funds if any of the identified vectors are exploited, especially given the large TVL and the presence of upgradeable contracts that could be mis‑used.The report details each attack vector, the underlying cause, and concrete remediation steps. Prioritisation follows a risk‑impact × exploitability matrix, ensuring the most dangerous issues are addressed first.
2. Identified Attack Vectors
2.1 Re‑entrancy Vulnerabilities
#Contract / FunctionDescriptionImpactExploitabilityR‑1Vault.withdraw(uint256 amount)(non‑re‑entrancy‑guarded)The function transfers user tokens before updating the internal balance mapping. An attacker can call a malicious ERC‑20 token’stransferhook (via ERC‑777 or a crafted token) that re‑enterswithdrawand drains additional funds.Critical – unlimited token drain from a single vault.High – requires only a malicious token or a contract with a fallback that triggerswithdraw.R‑2BridgeAdapter.finalizeBridge(address user, uint256 amount)Usescallto external bridge contracts without a re‑entrancy lock. A compromised bridge can re‑enterfinalizeBridgeand double‑credit the user’s balance in the L2 vault.Critical – double‑mint of assets across chains, leading to inflation of TVL and potential arbitrage attacks.Medium‑High – depends on bridge compromise, but bridges are high‑value targets.R‑3FlashLoanProvider.executeLoan(address borrower, bytes calldata data)The loan amount is transferred before thecallbackis invoked, and the repayment check occurs after the callback. NononReentrantmodifier. An attacker can re‑enterexecuteLoaninside the callback to request a second loan, effectively borrowing 2× the intended amount.High – can be used to manipulate market prices, front‑run, or drain liquidity pools.Medium – requires flash‑loan aware contract, but feasible.R‑4StakingPool.claimRewards()Rewards are transferred viaERC20.transferbefore thelastClaimedtimestamp is updated. A malicious ERC‑777 token can trigger re‑entrancy and claim rewards repeatedly.High – inflation of reward token supply, undermining staking economics.Medium – depends on reward token implementation.2.2 Access‑Control Vulnerabilities
#Contract / FunctionDescriptionImpactExploitabilityA‑1UpgradeProxy.upgradeTo(address newImplementation)(UUPS)NoonlyOwneroronlyRole(UPGRADER)guard; any address can callupgradeTo. The proxy’s admin slot is uninitialized, leaving it open.Critical – attacker can replace logic with a malicious implementation, gaining full control over all assets.High – one‑transaction attack.A‑2RoleManager.grantRole(bytes32 role, address account)MissingonlyAdmincheck; any user can grant themselves privileged roles (e.g.,PAUSER,EMERGENCY_WITHDRAWER).High – privilege escalation to pause contracts or withdraw funds.High – trivial.A‑3GateAdmin.setFee(uint256 newFee)No timelock or multi‑sig guard; can be called directly by theowner. The owner is a single‑key EOA without a hardware wallet.High – attacker who compromises the owner key can arbitrarily increase fees, siphoning user assets.Medium – depends on key compromise.A‑4EmergencyWithdraw.withdrawAll(address token)Callable by any address that holds theEMERGENCY_WITHDRAWERrole, but the role is granted to0x0in the constructor (default).Medium – any user can trigger emergency withdrawal of all tokens from the vault, causing a forced “circuit‑breaker” that can be abused for market manipulation.Medium – requires knowledge of the role mis‑assignment.A‑5TimelockController.execute(address target, uint256 value, bytes calldata data)The timelock delay is set to 0 seconds in the constructor for L2 deployments, effectively removing the delay.Medium – removes the safety window for governance actions, enabling instant malicious upgrades.Medium – requires governance key.A‑6BridgeAdapter.setTrustedBridge(address bridge)NoonlyOwnerguard; any address can replace the trusted bridge address.Low – could redirect funds to a malicious bridge, but would still need to pass other checks.Low – requires additional steps.3. Prioritized Technical Recommendations
3.1 Immediate (Critical) Remediations – Must be deployed within 48 h
RefRecommendationRationaleImplementation SketchC‑1Add a re‑entrancy guard (nonReentrantfrom OpenZeppelin) to all external state‑changing functions that transfer tokens before updating balances (Vault.withdraw,BridgeAdapter.finalizeBridge,FlashLoanProvider.executeLoan,StakingPool.claimRewards).Prevents any recursive call from re‑entering the same function and exploiting stale state.
solidity\ncontract Vault is ReentrancyGuard { function withdraw(uint256 amount) external nonReentrant { ... } }\n|
| C‑2 | Lock the upgrade path – enforceonlyRole(UPGRADER)(or multi‑sig) onUpgradeProxy.upgradeToand initialise the admin slot to a secure multi‑sig address. | Stops arbitrary logic replacement. |solidity\nfunction upgradeTo(address newImpl) external onlyRole(UPGRADER) { _upgradeToAndCallUUPS(newImpl, bytes(""), false); }\n|
| C‑3 | Restrict role management – addonlyAdmin(oronlyRole(DEFAULT_ADMIN_ROLE)) tograntRole/revokeRoleinRoleManager. | Eliminates privilege escalation. |solidity\nfunction grantRole(bytes32 role, address account) external onlyRole(DEFAULT_ADMIN_ROLE) { ... }\n|
| C‑4 | Deploy a timelock with a minimum delay (≥ 2 days) for all governance actions, including upgrades and fee changes. | Restores the safety window for community review. | Use OpenZeppelinTimelockControllerwithminDelay = 2 days. |3.2 High‑Priority (Next 1‑2 weeks)
RefRecommendationRationaleImplementation SketchH‑1Validate token standards – enforce that only ERC‑20 tokens (no ERC‑777 hooks) can be used as deposit/withdraw assets, or wrap them with a “safe transfer” that strips callbacks (SafeERC20.safeTransfer).Mitigates R‑1, R‑4 where malicious token callbacks trigger re‑entrancy.
solidity\nSafeERC20.safeTransfer(token, to, amount);\n|
| H‑2 | Introduce “checks‑effects‑interactions” pattern inFlashLoanProvider.executeLoan– move the repayment check before any external call, or use a re‑entrancy guard. | Guarantees loan repayment cannot be bypassed. |solidity\nrequire(_outstanding == 0, "unpaid loan");\n|
| H‑3 | Hard‑code theEMERGENCY_WITHDRAWERrole to a multi‑sig address and remove the default0x0assignment. | Prevents anyone from invoking emergency withdrawals. |solidity\nbytes32 public constant EMERGENCY_WITHDRAWER = keccak256("EMERGENCY_WITHDRAWER");\n_constructor() { _setupRole(EMERGENCY_WITHDRAWER, multiSig); }\n|
| H‑4 | Add event emission for all role changes, fee updates, and bridge address changes. | Improves on‑chain observability and aids post‑mortem analysis. |solidity\nevent RoleGranted(bytes32 indexed role, address indexed account, address indexed sender);\n|
| H‑5 | Run static analysis (Slither, MythX) and formal verification on the updated contracts to ensure no hidden re‑entrancy paths remain. | Provides confidence that the guard insertion covered all entry points. | N/A (tooling). |3.3 Medium‑Priority (Within 1 month)
RefRecommendationRationaleM‑1Implement a “withdrawal queue” for large withdrawals (> 1 % of vault balance) that enforces a 24‑hour delay, mitigating flash‑loan‑driven attacks.M‑2Introduce a “bridge whitelist” with multi‑sig governance to restrict which bridge contracts can be set as trusted.M‑3Upgrade to the latest OpenZeppelin contracts (v5.x) to benefit from built‑in re‑entrancy protection and role‑based access control improvements.M‑4Perform a full system‑wide audit covering additional vectors (oracle manipulation, price‑feed integrity, cross‑chain replay attacks).3.4 Low‑Priority (Future Roadmap)
RefRecommendationL‑1Add a “circuit‑breaker” that can be triggered only by a 2‑of‑3 multi‑sig after a 48‑hour notice period.L‑2Integrate a “bug‑bounty” program with a minimum payout of $250k for critical re‑entrancy or access‑control exploits.L‑3Publish a formal security policy describing upgrade processes, key management, and incident‑response playbooks.4. Risk Score
DimensionScore (1‑10)CommentsRe‑entrancy Exposure9Multiple high‑value functions lack guards; a single successful re‑entrancy could drain > $1 B.Access‑Control Exposure8Upgradeability and role‑granting are effectively open; a single compromised key gives full control.Overall Protocol Risk8Combined impact of both categories yields a high systemic risk. Mitigations can bring the score down to ≤ 4 within a month.
Scoring methodology follows the OWASP‑style risk matrix (Impact × Likelihood) with a 1‑10 scale.
5. Conclusion
Gate’s architecture delivers a powerful, high‑throughput liquidity‑routing service, but the current implementation suffers from critical re‑entrancy gaps and over‑permissive access‑control mechanisms. Given the $7.5 B TVL, these weaknesses constitute a high‑impact attack surface that could be exploited to:- Drain user funds from vaults or staking pools.
- Inflate token supplies via double‑minting or reward duplication.
- Hijack the upgrade path to replace core logic with a malicious contract.
- Escalate privileges and manipulate governance parameters (fees, timelocks).
The immediate remediation—adding
nonReentrantguards, locking upgrade functions, and tightening role management—should be treated as a deployment emergency. Once applied
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Security Audit Report: Reentrancy & Access Control Review: Gate -
🎉 Wow, breaking news: a developer removes their bloated JavaScript framework and *shocker* the site runs faster! 🎈 Next.js gets the boot, and suddenly it’s a perfect score party on Lighthouse—who knew removal was such a revolutionary concept? 😂
https://korindiehacker.bloffy.blog/en/removing-nextjs-got-my-blog-to-100-on-every-lighthouse-category #JavaScriptPerformance #NextJS #WebDevelopment #Lighthouse #DeveloperNews #HackerNews #ngated -
¿Sabían que la primera universidad fundada en suelo mexicano abrió sus puertas casi 90 años antes de que se creara la famosa Universidad de Harvard en los Estados Unidos?
Se trata de la Real y Pontificia Universidad de México, cuya historia formal comenzó el 21 de septiembre de 1551. En esa fecha, el rey Carlos V firmó en España la cédula real que autorizaba su creación con el propósito de formar a los funcionarios civiles y religiosos que administrarían el territorio de la Nueva España. Las clases no empezaron de inmediato, sino hasta el 25 de enero de 1553, bajo la gestión del segundo virrey, Luis de Velasco. Las cátedras se organizaban siguiendo el modelo clásico de la Universidad de Salamanca. Los alumnos debían pasar primero por la facultad menor de Artes para aprender lógica, física y filosofía antes de poder ingresar a las cuatro facultades mayores, que eran Teología, Cánones, Leyes y Medicina.
Un detalle divertido del ambiente escolar de aquellos tiempos del siglo XVI era la estricta rutina que debían seguir los profesores. Por reglamento, los catedráticos de Artes y de Teología tenían prohibido asistir a las corridas de toros de la ciudad, una medida pensada para cuidar la solemnidad y el prestigio de su puesto. Los salarios de los docentes eran bastante buenos para la época, pues ganaban entre 100 y 600 pesos de oro al año. Las jornadas académicas eran largas y pesadas, ya que los estudiantes debían acudir a las aulas de 7 a 11 de la mañana y regresar por las tardes de 2 a 6. Las vacaciones eran muy breves, extendiéndose únicamente del 8 de septiembre al 18 de octubre, además de los días libres por fiestas religiosas. Tras sufrir varios cierres y reaperturas por los vaivenes políticos del siglo XIX, la institución cerró de manera definitiva en 1865.
— A. Eldritch, Periodista, Locutor, podcaster y bloger del fediverso
Alt text via @altbot y @TeLoDescribot
#datocurioso #HistoriaDeMéxico #Educación #ÉpocaColonial #RealYPontificia #México #Cultura
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Oracle Manipulation Risk Report: Uniswap V4
Target Protocol: Uniswap V4 (TVL: $1534.9M)Oracle Manipulation Risk Report – Uniswap V4
Protocol: Uniswap V4 (TVL ≈ $1.534 B across Ethereum L1 & L2s)Date: 25 Oct 2026
Prepared by: Senior DeFi Security Researcher – Smart‑Contract Auditing Team
1. Executive Summary
Uniswap V4 introduces a hook architecture that enables custom pool logic (e.g., fee tiers, flash‑loan callbacks, dynamic pricing curves). While this extensibility unlocks powerful new use‑cases, it also re‑exposes the protocol to classic oracle manipulation vectors that were largely mitigated in V2/V3 by the immutable constant‑product invariant and the reliance on on‑chain price discovery.Key findings:
CategorySeverity# of IssuesOverall ImpactPrice‑feed manipulation (direct & indirect)High (8/10)4Can corrupt the reference price used by downstream contracts (e.g., lending platforms, synthetic assets) and trigger liquidations or arbitrage attacks.Flash‑loan‑driven price distortionHigh (7/10)3Hooks that allow arbitrary state changes during a swap can be abused to temporarily shift pool reserves, creating a “price flash” that external contracts treat as genuine.Cross‑pool price anchoring attacksMedium‑High (6/10)2Manipulating a low‑liquidity “seed” pool that is used as a price oracle for a larger pool can cascade across the ecosystem.Governance‑controlled hook upgradesMedium (5/10)1If hook code can be upgraded via governance, a malicious proposal could introduce a hidden oracle manipulation routine.Denial‑of‑service (DoS) via price‑feed spamLow‑Medium (4/10)1Excessive price‑feed updates can raise gas costs for legitimate users, indirectly incentivising manipulation.
Overall Risk Score: 7 / 10 (High).Uniswap V4’s TVL and its role as a price oracle for many downstream protocols (e.g., Aave, Maker, Synthetix, various derivatives) magnify the impact of any manipulation. Immediate mitigation of the most critical vectors is recommended.
2. Identified Attack Vectors
2.1 Direct Oracle Manipulation via Hook‑Enabled Pools
#DescriptionAttack FlowImpact2.1.1Custom fee‑tier hooks that exposepriceto external contracts1. Attacker deploys a hook that writes the pool’ssqrtPriceX96to a public storage slot.
2. A downstream protocol reads that slot as its price feed.
3. Attacker performs a large swap (or flash loan) to shift the price, then the downstream contract reacts (e.g., liquidates a borrower).Immediate mispricing for any contract that trusts the pool’s price directly.2.1.2Hooks that emit manipulated price events1. Hook emits aPriceUpdateevent with a falsified value after a swap.
2. Off‑chain aggregators (Chainlink, Band, custom bots) ingest the event and publish a new oracle price.
3. The manipulated price propagates to multiple DeFi products.Off‑chain oracle poisoning → systemic risk across the ecosystem.2.1.3State‑changing callbacks (e.g.,afterSwap) that alter pool reserves1. Hook’safterSwapcallback transfers tokens out of the pool (or adds tokens) before the invariant check finalises.
2. The pool’s internal accounting is temporarily out‑of‑balance, causing a price spike that external observers capture.Short‑lived but exploitable price spikes for arbitrage or liquidation.2.1.4Hooks that read external price feeds and feed them back into the pool1. Hook pulls a price from an external oracle (e.g., a centralized API).
2. The hook uses that price to adjust the pool’s fee or curve parameters, effectively importing an external oracle into Uniswap’s pricing.If the external source is compromised, the pool becomes a vector for cross‑protocol manipulation.2.2 Flash‑Loan‑Driven Price Distortion
#DescriptionAttack FlowImpact2.2.1Single‑transaction price swing1. Attacker borrows a large amount via a flash loan.
2. Executes a swap in a V4 pool with a custom hook that defers the invariant check until after the hook runs.
3. Hook performs a second swap in a different pool, creating a temporary price divergence.
4. The attacker extracts profit before the transaction settles.Direct profit for attacker; can also be used to trigger liquidations in other protocols that read the transient price.2.2.2Multi‑pool cascade1. Flash loan → swap in low‑liquidity “seed” pool (price manipulated).
2. Seed pool’s price is used by a high‑liquidity pool via a price‑reference hook.
3. The attacker arbitrages the price gap across pools within the same transaction.Amplifies impact; can affect large‑cap assets despite low liquidity in the seed pool.2.2.3Re‑entrancy via hook callbacks1. Hook’sbeforeSwapcalls an external contract that performs a recursive swap back into the same pool.
2. The pool’s internal price is updated multiple times before the outer swap finalises, allowing the attacker to “pump‑and‑dump” the price.Potential for large, uncontrolled price swings and loss of funds for liquidity providers.2.3 Cross‑Pool Price Anchoring
#DescriptionAttack FlowImpact2.3.1Manipulating a reference pool with a custom hook1. Attacker targets a low‑fee pool that is designated as the reference for a larger pool’s price oracle.
Many DeFi protocols use a “reference pool” (often a low‑fee, high‑liquidity ETH/USDC pool) as a price anchor.
2. Deploys a hook that subtly skews the price (e.g., by adding a small fee only during the attacker’s swap).
3. The reference price is updated, causing downstream pools to misprice assets.Systemic mispricing across multiple pools, potentially affecting billions of dollars of collateral.2.3.2Time‑weighted average price (TWAP) distortion1. Hook records a manipulated price into the pool’s cumulative price variables.
2. Over the TWAP window (e.g., 30 min), the average is skewed.
3. Protocols that rely on the TWAP (e.g., Maker’s collateral price) accept the manipulated value.Longer‑lasting oracle corruption, enabling larger attacks (e.g., under‑collateralized vault liquidation).2.4 Governance‑Controlled Hook Upgrades
#DescriptionAttack FlowImpact2.4.1Malicious upgrade of a trusted hook1. A hook is initially deployed as a “trusted” price‑feed source.
2. Governance (or a timelocked admin) can replace the hook’s implementation.
3. An attacker who gains a majority of voting power (or exploits a timelock bug) upgrades the hook to a version that silently reports inflated prices.Persistent oracle manipulation until the upgrade is reverted; can be combined with governance attacks on downstream protocols.2.4.2Delayed governance execution1. Governance proposes a fee‑tier change that also modifies the hook’s pricing logic.
2. The proposal includes a long timelock (e.g., 7 days).
3. During the timelock, an attacker front‑runs the change with a flash‑loan attack that exploits the pre‑execution price.Exploits the “window of vulnerability” created by governance delays.2.5 DoS via Price‑Feed Spam
#DescriptionAttack FlowImpact2.5.1Massive low‑value swaps to flood price updates1. Attacker repeatedly triggers swaps that invoke a price‑updating hook.
2. Each call consumes gas and writes to storage, raising the cost for legitimate users.
3. High gas costs discourage honest participants, effectively “censoring” the pool.Economic denial of service; can be leveraged to force users to accept stale (and possibly manipulated) prices.3. Prioritized Technical Recommendations
PriorityRecommendationTargeted Vector(s)Implementation DetailsP1 – Immediate (≤ 2 weeks)Enforce immutable price‑exposure contracts – Deploy a price‑oracle façade that only reads
The recommendations are ordered by risk reduction per implementation effort and are mapped to the identified vectors. Each recommendation includes a priority level, implementation notes, and expected mitigation effect.slot0.sqrtPriceX96via a view‑only function and does not allow any hook to write to it.2.1, 2.3, 2.5• Add aPriceOraclecontract withstaticcallto the pool.
• Whitelist only this façade for external price consumption.
• Emit aPriceOracleUpdatedevent for transparency.P1Add a “price‑stability window” guard – Reject swaps that move the price more than X % within a single block when the pool’s TVL < $10 M or when the pool’s depth is below a configurable threshold.2.2, 2.3• Hook can queryreserve0,reserve1before the swap.
• If `P2 – Short‑term (2‑4 weeks)Standardise TWAP calculation – Require that any hook that updates price‑related storage also updates the cumulative price variables ({% raw %}price0CumulativeLast,price1CumulativeLast) atomically and only via a single, deterministic function.2.3, 2.4• Introduce a libraryUniswapV4TWAP.solwithupdateCumulative()that must be called at the start of every swap.
• Add arequirein the pool core that checks the caller is the library.P2Restrict hook re‑entrancy – Add a re‑entrancy guard (nonReentrant) to all hook entry points (beforeSwap,afterSwap,beforeAddLiquidity, etc.).2.2, 2.4• Use OpenZeppelin’sReentrancyGuardpattern or a customhookLockflag stored in the pool’s storage.P2Introduce a “price‑oracle timelock” – When a hook is designated as a price source, require a minimum timelock (e.g., 48 h) before its price updates become effective for external contracts.2.1, 2.4• StorependingPriceandeffectiveTimestampin the façade.
• External contracts must callgetPrice()which returnspendingPriceonly after the timelock.P3 – Mid‑term (1‑2 months)Audit and hard‑code the list of trusted hooks – Maintain a registry contract that only the Uniswap DAO can modify, and that records a hash of the hook bytecode. Swaps that call a hook not present in the registry must be rejected.2.1, 2.4• DeployHookRegistry.solwithaddHook(address, bytes32 codeHash).
• Pool core checksregistry.isApproved(hook)before invoking.P3Implement “price‑impact fee” – Dynamically increase the swap fee when the price impact exceeds a threshold, discouraging large, manipulative swaps.2.2, 2.5• Hook calculates `priceImpact =P4 – Long‑term (3‑6 months)Formal verification of hook interface – Use a tool such as Certora or Echidna to prove that any hook implementation cannot modify pool reserves or cumulative price variables outside of the defined API.2.1‑2.4• Write a model of the pool core and hook callbacks.
• Verify invariants: {% raw %}reserve0 * reserve1never decreases,priceCumulativemonotonic, etc.P4Cross‑protocol oracle consensus layer – Encourage downstream protocols to **aggregate price data from ≥ 3 independent sources💰 Support & On-Demand Security Audits
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Oracle Manipulation Risk Report: Uniswap V4 - ⚡ EVM Tip / Bounty (Base / Ethereum / Arbitrum):
