Live and recent posts from across the Fediverse tagged #catalhoyuk, aggregated by home.social.
Intensive farming trapped Çatalhöyük in a cycle of land stress, study finds
A thousand years of farming helped Çatalhöyük thrive, but the same system slowly placed growing strain on the settlement. A new computer model suggests the community’s later shift grew from long-term pressure on land, rather than one sudden climate event. Çatalhöyük stood on the Konya Plain in central Turkey...
More info: https://archaeologymag.com/2026/08/farming-trapped-catalhoyuk-in-land-stress/
Follow @archaeology
🔥 ¿Cómo pudo una de las grandes comunidades del Neolítico sobrevivir durante más de mil años en un entorno cada vez más seco?
🔗 Ver carrusel completo:
https://www.instagram.com/p/DcxloIfiuXy
#Çatalhöyük #Neolítico #Arqueología #Prehistoria #templodelpasado
Así consiguió Çatalhöyük resistir mil años: investigadores desvelan las claves de la supervivencia del legendario asentamiento neolítico
Así consiguió Çatalhöyük resistir mil años:... #tardigram #Çatalhöyük #asentamiento #neolítico #Cultura
Pesquisadores da Universidade Técnica de Istambul criaram um modelo computacional que revela os fatores que permitiram à antiga cidade neolítica de Çatalhöyük, na Turquia, sobreviver por mais de mil anos, desafiando a noção de que uma mudança climática catastrófica foi a única causa da transforma...
🔗 https://omniletters.com/catalhoyuk-estudo-segredos-sobrevivencia/
FRESH LISTING! Just in time for any anthropologists returning to college... https://ebay.io/m/CCFs2H
#anthropology #history #archaeology #Çatalhöyük
#neolithic #science
💁🏻♀️ TIL: 🍞🕰️ At the #Neolithic settlement of #Çatalhöyük in #Turkey, researchers found a spongy residue near an ancient oven, ringed by wheat, barley, and pea seeds.
#Microscopy revealed air bubbles and starch grains, pointing to uncooked fermented dough. Dated to about 8,600 years ago, it predates earlier fermented #bread evidence from #Egypt by thousands of years.
👉 https://www.zmescience.com/science/archaeology/turkey-bread-oldest-fermented-recipe-rep/
#archaeology #fermentation #ancient #food #science #history #turkiye #food #sourdough #farming #baking #cooking
Arqueólogos encuentran una antigua sociedad matrilineal en Catalhoyuk de Turkiye | Historia #antigua #Arqueólogos #Arte_y_Cultura #características #Catalhoyuk #encuentran #Equidad_de_género #historia #matrilineal #mujeres #Oriente_Medio #Sociedad #Turkiye #Turquía #una #ButterWord #Spanish_News Comenta tu opinión 👇
https://butterword.com/arqueologos-encuentran-una-antigua-sociedad-matrilineal-en-catalhoyuk-de-turkiye-historia/?feed_id=83778&_unique_id=6a217d79366ca
How buildings and cities shape our lives, from ancient Rome to Hong Kong today
When Winston Churchill stood in the House of Lords in October 1943 and made the case to rebuil…
#Italy #Europe #Europa #EU #Rome #Anatoliapeninsula #AngkorWat #architect #book #Britishparliamentarydemocracy #Buildings #Cambodia #Catalhoyuk #DwellingonEarth #HongKong #HouseofCommons #HouseofLords #HunterCollege #IndustrialRevolution #NewYork #StefanAI #StefanAl #WinstonChurchill
https://www.europesays.com/italy/18483/
@RadicalAnthro Wow!
"The team reviewed decades' worth of previous archaeological and genetic studies from sites in Europe and western Asia. For instance, at a site called #Çatalhöyük in what's now Türkiye (sometimes called Turkey), burials were often found below the house floors of ancient houses from 8,000 years ago.
" 'Archaeologists initially assumed that people buried within the same house would be genetically related,' says Cveček. 'But now, it is possible to map those people through ancient DNA analysis on genetic pedigrees, and geneticists often found people buried within the same house who are not at all genetically related, indicating social proximity rather than exclusively blood relations made kin at the site.' "
De Çatalhöyük à Akkad : trois seuils anthropologiques de l’État
Çatalhöyük : sédentarité égalitaire. Uruk : ville-proto-État, spécialisation et hiérarchie. Akkad/Sumer : premier empire territorial centralisé. Trois seuils : communs égalitaires → urbanisation hiérarchique → État impérial. #Çatalhöyük #Uruk #Akkad #Anthropologie #OrigineÉtat 1. Çatalhöyük : sédentarité sans État Grande agglomération néolithique (Anatolie), jusqu’à ~8 000 habitant·es. Fortes continuités…
Archaeologists discovered Çatalhöyük’s oak bast textiles — the oldest preserved cloth artifacts in the world, made over 8,500 years ago. These findings change our understanding of ancient weaving and early civilization.
#OldestCloth #AncientTextiles #Catalhoyuk #LostHistory #Storytelling #DidYouKnow #HistoryFacts #DocumentaryShort #WeirdHistory
Read more: https://www.ancient-origins.net/news-history-archaeology/oldest-cloth-0016079
RE: https://c.im/@RadicalAnthro/115717990449220660
Oooooh...! More finds at #Çatalhöyük!
Çatalhöyük
Reconstructie van een huis uit Çatalhöyük (Museum voor Anatolische Beschavingen, Ankara)Ik ben er twee keer in de buurt geweest, maar steeds op weg naar iets anders: Çatalhöyük, een van de beroemdste archeologische opgravingen ter wereld. Het is een tell: een plek waar mensen lange tijd hebben gewoond, steeds op de resten van een eerdere nederzetting. Het klassieke voorbeeld is Troje, waar archeologen vele tientallen bewoningslagen boven elkaar hebben gevonden. Steeds als zo’n nederzetting was verwoest, keerden mensen terug om er nieuwe woningen te bouwen. Aangezien niemand voor z’n plezier op ’n ruïne of tussen de geblakerde resten van een oude boerderij gaat wonen, moet er een reden zijn, en inderdaad liggen de meeste tells op vruchtbare gronden, bij een handelsweg of allebei. En als die heuvel maar hoog genoeg was, was ze om een extra reden interessant: zo’n plek was veilig.
Çatalhöyük
De tell van Çatalhöyük, bewoond tussen pakweg 7100 en 5700 v.Chr., was uiteindelijk tweeëntwintig meter hoog. In zijn boek Dageraad, waarover ik het al had, schrijft Johan Hendriks: zeventien meter, en wellicht is dat waar, ik weet het niet, ik ben er immers niet geweest. Feit is: er zijn achttien bewoningslagen, en in de oudste fase bestond de nederzetting uit zo’n tweehonderd woonhuizen. Men had 9000 jaar geleden de deur nog niet uitgevonden, dus je moest vanaf het dak met een ladder in je woonst afdalen. Hierboven ziet u zo’n huis: een haard, wat lage banken langs de beschilderde muren, soms een opslagkamertje, en een decoratie van dierenschedels en -klauwen.
Moedergodin? (Museum voor Anatolische Beschavingen, Ankara)Men verbouwde gerst en tarwe, en men maakte, zoals ik al eens beschreef, een vroege vorm van brood. Ook kenden de bewoners van Çatalhöyük de teelt van erwten, amandelen en pistache, alsmede diverse soorten fruit. De van everzwijnentanden vervaardigde vishaakjes documenteren zowel jacht als visserij. Het schaap was al gedomesticeerd, schelpen bewijzen handelscontacten met de kust en – heel interessant – er zijn zegels van klei: het was in Çatalhöyük blijkbaar noodzakelijk het bezit van individuen of groepen af te bakenen. De deur kenden ze nog niet, maar het eigendom was uitgevonden.
Religie?
In een volgende fase, die zo rond 6400 v.Chr. begint en samenvalt met het begin van het tijdvak dat klimatologen Greenlandiaan noemen, vinden we beeldjes, zoals het beroemde sculptuurtje van een vrouw op een troon. Omdat ze wordt geflankeerd door wilde dieren, is een verband gelegd met de latere Anatolische moedergodinnen, zoals Kybele, die eveneens zo wordt afgebeeld. Van Neolithicum naar IJzertijd is echter nogal een sprong, dus ik voor mij zou zo’n millennia overspannende continuïteit niet zomaar aannemen. Misschien is zo’n beeldje inderdaad religieus te duiden, maar Hendriks wijst er terecht op dat er geen aanwijzingen zijn voor een cultus met priesters.
Toch: in ruwweg dezelfde tijd vinden we ook in Ain Ghazal (niet ver van Amman in Jordanië) aanwijzingen voor ideeën die wij als religieus zouden bestempelen. Men maakte gipsen beelden, waarover ik al eens eerder schreef, die mogelijk overleden voorouders voorstelden.
Muurschildering uit Çatalhöyük (Museum voor Anatolische Beschavingen, Ankara)Was die vrouw op die troon, waren die gipsen beelden uitingen van religie? Dat is een kwestie van definitie. Het probleem is feitelijk dat er geen antiek equivalent is voor wat wij religie noemen; er was geen scherpe grens tussen natuurlijk en bovennatuurlijk, om de doodeenvoudige reden dat men geen natuurwetten kende, en dus niet kon aangeven wat de natuurlijke gang van zaken was en wat bovennatuurlijk was. Er was feitelijk geen aspect van het leven dat niet religieus was, en dat betekent dat we voorzichtig moeten zijn als we bijvoorbeeld een muurschildering of beeldje interpreteren als religieus. Daarmee introduceren we onze notie dat zoiets anders was dan het alledaagse, terwijl het dat nou net niet was.
Çatalhöyük en Ain Ghazal raakten overigens tegelijkertijd in verval, zo rond 6000, met daarna nog een diminuendo. Archeologen houden het er in beide gevallen op dat de bodem uitgeput was.
Sculptuur uit Çatalhöyük en Ain Ghazal.Tot slot
Nog twee afrondende opmerkingen. Çatalhöyük is werelderfgoed, maar ook al is deze prehistorische site inderdaad heel belangrijk, de term is inmiddels wel heel erg gedevalueerd. Met plaatsen als de Notre-Dame in Parijs en de moskee van Córdoba behoudt elke bezoeker een levenslange, vertrouwelijke band; iedereen die de Notre-Dame ooit bezocht, was geschokt door de brand. Zulke monumenten mogen met recht wereldwijd erfgoed heten. Later op de werelderfgoedlijst geplaatste zaken roepen echter minder sterke sentimenten op, en in die zin is wat ooit een goed idee was, zijn doel overschoten.
Tweede opmerking: ik ken Johan Hendriks helemaal niet, dus ik schrijf over zijn boek omdat ik het de moeite waard vind, en niet (zoals iemand insinueerde) omdat ik een vriend een zetje in de rug wil geven. Maar hij is vanmiddag tussen 12:45 en 13:00 uur even te beluisteren op Radio 1 in een programma dat De Nieuws BV heet.
Deze blog, die u ook via het Whatsapp-kanaal kunt volgen, is niet mijn enige activiteit. Ik bied ook cursussen aan.
Zelfde tijdvak
#AinGhazal #akkerbouw #Çatalhöyük #brood #handel #jacht #Kybele #moedergodin #Neolithicum #tell #Turkije #visserij #werelderfgoed
Çatalhöyük excavations uncover “House of the Dead” with evidence of ritual practices
Archaeologists at Çatalhöyük, one of the most important sites in central Türkiye, have unearthed new evidence of ritual activity that sheds light on early town life and spiritual practices. The site, located on the edge of the Konya Plain near the modern city of Konya, was occupied from 7100 to 5950 BCE...
More information: https://archaeologymag.com/2025/08/house-of-the-dead-catalhoyuk/
Follow @archaeology
🧬🏠👵 Hace 9.000 años ya se vivía con los suegros en Çatalhöyük.
🔗 https://vm.tiktok.com/ZNdaJbXGJ/
#Çatalhöyük #ADN #Neolítico #Arqueología #Historia #Familia #Turquía #Antropología
DNA reveals female-centered society in 9,000-year-old Neolithic city of Çatalhöyük
Recent genetic research has shed light on the social structure of Çatalhöyük, a large Neolithic settlement in the center of Turkey that flourished over 9,000 years ago. A study published in Science confirms long-standing speculations that women were at the center of this ancient society...
More info: https://archaeologymag.com/2025/06/dna-reveals-female-centered-society-in-catalhoyuk
Follow @archaeology
#archaeology #archeology #archaeologynews #neolithic #çatalhöyük
Another passion of mine is the history of #Çatalhöyük site - and whether or not it had a #MatriachalSociety!
Ancient city possibly ruled by females living in a "matriarchal society" more than 9,000 years ago, researchers say
By Cara Tabachnick
June 28, 2025
Excerpt: "We need to move away from our Western bias that assumes all societies are #patrilineal. Many cultures, including some #IndigenousAustralian groups, pass identity, land rights, and responsibilities through the mother's line — a #matrilineal system,' study co-author Dr. Eline Schotsmans, a research fellow at Australia's University of Wollongong's School of Science, said in a statement.
"These findings come several months after researchers studying social networks in #CelticSociety in Britain before the #RomanInvasion gathered genetic evidence from a late Iron Age cemetery and found that women were closely related, while unrelated men tended to come into the community from elsewhere, likely after marriage.
"Using an examination of ancient DNA recovered from 57 graves in #Dorset in southwest England, their study, published in the journal Nature, shows that two-thirds of the individuals were descended from a single maternal lineage. This suggests that women had some control of land and property, as well as strong social support, researchers said.
"Researchers said upon the release of their findings, 'It is possible that maternal ancestry was the primary shaper of group identities.' "
Read more:
https://www.cbsnews.com/news/ancient-city-ruled-by-females-catalhoyuk/
Original paper:
https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adr2915
#History #Histodon #Matrilineal #Matriarchy #AncientHistory #AncientTurkey #Neolithic #Anatolia #MotherGoddess
🏺🏘👩🦰 Çatalhöyük: la primera ciudad del mundo con un papel central de la mujer.
🔗 https://youtube.com/shorts/Sr3c5k7gc6Q?si=PJk3DKHHpi8y0QGa
#Çatalhöyük #Neolítico #Prehistoria #Arqueología #Turquía #Antropología #primerasciudades
#archeology #Çatalhöyük #MatriarchalSocieties
"Female lineages and changing kinship patterns in Neolithic Çatalhöyük
Ancient DNA has played an important role in archeological studies in recent years, particularly in assigning chromosomal sex to remains to aid in understanding historic sociological structures. A pair of studies now present an analysis of stable isotopes and skeletal remains from 395 ancient individuals who lived 8000 to 5800 BCE, from whom DNA from 131 individuals could be sequenced (see the Perspective by Arbuckle). Yüncü et al. found that kinship patterns changed over time in this settlement, but individuals from the same houses or nearby ones were primarily related through the maternal line. In a broader geographic sampling, Koptekin et al. describe population dynamics, including the spread of cultural practices without admixture.
(. . .)
Çatalhöyük is a Neolithic settlement in Anatolia and a United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) World Heritage Site. Occupied for 1000 years (9000 to 8000 BCE), it is renowned for its size, apparent egalitarian social structure, and subfloor burials, where children and adults were buried within houses during their use. It is also known for its large corpus of female figurines, which were long debated as possible representatives of a 'Mother Goddess' cult and signs of a matriarchal society.
RATIONALE
In this work, we studied social organization at Çatalhöyük, fusing rich archaeological data with a paleogenomic dataset of 131 individuals buried in 35 houses. We focused on identifying genetic ties between individuals buried together inside the same buildings.
RESULTS
Comparing genetic ties within and between buildings, we found that the maternal lineage had a key role in connecting Çatalhöyük household members, as represented by burials within each building. We estimated that 70 to 100% of the time, female offspring remained connected to buildings, whereas adult male offspring may have moved away. We also discovered preferential treatment of female infant and child burials, with five times more grave goods offered to females than to males."
"Laut Arbuckle müssten sich die Forscherinnen und Forscher aber zunächst von alten Gewissheiten verabschieden. Denn viele Wissenschaftler hätten Schwierigkeiten damit, »sich eine Welt vorzustellen, die durch eine beträchtliche weibliche Macht gekennzeichnet ist, obwohl es zahlreiche archäologische, historische und ethnografische Beweise dafür gibt, dass matriarchalische Machtbereiche weit verbreitet waren und sind«.
“This indicates that women may have been central to maintaining social cohesion and perhaps even the transmission of property or cultural practices across generations"
https://arkeonews.net/ancient-dna-reveals-surprising-maternal-lineages-at-neolithic-catalhoyuk/
#Çatalhöyük #Neolithic #Archaeology
There's bit of discussion about wether freshly published #aDNA 🏺🧬 data from #Catalhöyük allows talking about a matrilineally organised Neolithic community there or not - and well, of course I couldn't help but join having an opinion:
https://www.livescience.com/archaeology/ancient-female-centered-society-thrived-9-000-years-ago-in-proto-city-in-turkey via @LiveScience
Çatalhöyük ‘Map’ Mural May Depict Volcanic Eruption 8,900 Years Ago
--
https://www.sci.news/archaeology/science-catalhoyuk-map-mural-volcanic-eruption-01681.html <-- shared technical article
--
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0084711 <-- shared paper
--
https://www.bbc.com/audio/play/p09y1ym0 <-- shared BBC podcast ‘You're Dead to Me’ on Çatalhöyük
--
#GIS #spatial #mapping #cartography #history #ancienthistory #Neolithic #geology #volcanic #vulcanism #MountHasan #HasanDagi #Turkey #prehistory #prehistoric #archaeology #engineeringeology #map #ancientmap #eruption #mural #artwork #village #Çatalhöyük #Catalhoyuk #obsidian #tools #knapping #dating #geochronology #volcanicrock #age
AGRICITIES Başkanı Altay: "Tarımsal üretimi desteklemek, bir vatan borcudur": Yurt içinden ve yurt dışından üye belediyelerin katılımıyla Konya Büyükşehir Belediyesi Çatalhüyük Tanıtım ve Karşılama Merkezi’nde düzenlenen Genel Kurul Toplantısı’nda konuşan Uluslararası Tarım Şehirleri Birliği ve Konya Büyükşehir Belediye Başkanı Uğur İbrahim Altay, insanlık tarihinin ilk tarımsal… https://www.eshahaber.com.tr/haber/agr?c%3Ft%3Fes-baskani-altay-tarimsal-uretimi-desteklemek-bir-vatan-borcudur-227253.html&utm_source=dlvr.it&utm_medium=mastodon EshaHaber.com.tr #Tarım #Agricities #Çatalhöyük #TarımÜretimi #SürdürülebilirTarım
https://unescowhstamps.blogspot.com
Çatalhöyük, Turkey – UNESCO World Heritage Sites
#UNESCO #PatrimonioMundial #WorldHeritage #Welterbe #Philately #Filatelia #Sellos #Stamps #Timbres #Philatelie #Briefmarken #UNESCOWorldHeritage #Çatalhöyük #Catalhoyuk #Chatalhoyuk #ÇatalHüyük #CatalHuyuk #Küçükköy #Kucukkoy #Konya
PTT'den "Avrupa 2025 (Ulusal Arkeolojik Keşifler-Çatalhöyük)" konulu anma pulu: Şirketten yapılan açıklamaya göre, "Avrupa 2025 (Ulusal Arkeolojik Keşifler-Çatalhöyük)" konulu 35 lira (36x52 milimetre boyutunda) bedelli anma pulu ile söz konusu pula ait 70 lira bedelli ilk gün zarfı, abone sayısı kadar PTT iş yerlerinde ve "www.filateli.gov.tr" internet adresinde satışa çıkarıldı.
Söz konusu… https://www.eshahaber.com.tr/haber/ptt-den-avrupa-2025-ulusal-arkeolojik-kesifler-catalhoyuk-konulu-anma-pulu-223928.html?utm_source=dlvr.it&utm_medium=mastodon EshaHaber.com.tr #PTT #filateli #Çatalhöyük #arkeoloji #AnmaPulu
There was a related earlier discussion about supposed copper #slags from #Catalhöyük (as far back as the original reports from Mellaart) - which ultimately turned out to be accidental products of copper minerals in burials reduced in post-depositional fires:
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0305440317301024
But how sure are we actually that it really is from #Catalhöyük and *not* from #Hacilar - excavated at around the same time by the same team? 🤔
https://taed.ktb.gov.tr/Eklenti/109537,19jamespdf.pdf?0
I mean, just look at these ... #HacilarEyes. 🧐
A (quite interesting because different) #Neolithic figurine, apparently looted from #Catalhöyük in the 1960s and brought out of the country (the report doesn't go into details here) has been repatriated to #Türkiye recently from the #ShelbyWhite "collection":
https://www.dailysabah.com/arts/9000-year-old-catalhoyuk-artifact-repatriated-to-turkiyes-konya/news
Quite possible that even the discussion about bread findings from #Catalhöyük ("small, round, spongy artifact found in the oven corner") contributed to this campaign:
Neolithic Çatalhöyük : “But some were more equal than others” [pdf 40pp] #neolithic #Çatalhöyük https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0307067
Particularly interesting, to return to the burial from #ÇemkaHöyük, is the combination of aurochs and canid here - which resembles other iconographic contexts appearing at other Neolithic sites like #GöbekliTepe and #CatalHöyük in what has been interpretated similarly …
So, what happened to #Catalhoyuk? There is lots of speculation including #ClimateChange and #BlackSeaDeluge theories. It's something I've been interested in for years, and I plan on posting more recent research about the subject.
So, pretty much 7,000 or 8,000 years ago, humans figured out how to live without rulers, and men and women were equal.
From Wikipedia:
#Çatalhöyük (English: Chatalhoyuk /ˌtʃɑːtɑːlˈhujʊk/ cha-tal-HOO-yuhk; Turkish pronunciation: [tʃaˈtaɫhœjyc]; also Çatal Höyük and Çatal Hüyük; from Turkish çatal "fork" + höyük "tumulus") is a tell (a mounded accretion due to long-term human settlement) of a very large Neolithic and Chalcolithic proto-city settlement in southern Anatolia, which existed from approximately 7500 BC to 6400 BC and flourished around 7000 BC. In July 2012, it was inscribed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
"Çatalhöyük was composed entirely of domestic buildings with no obvious public buildings. While some of the larger rooms have rather ornate murals, the purpose of others remains unclear.
[...]
"The sites were set up as large numbers of buildings clustered together. Households looked to their neighbors for help, trade, and possible marriage for their children. The inhabitants lived in mudbrick houses that were crammed together in an aggregate structure. No footpaths or streets were used between the dwellings, which were clustered in a honeycomb-like maze. Most were accessed by holes in the ceiling and doors on the side of the houses, with doors reached by ladders and stairs. The rooftops were effectively streets. The ceiling openings also served as the only source of ventilation, allowing smoke from the houses' open hearths and ovens to escape. Houses had plaster interiors accessed by squared-off timber ladders or steep stairs. These were usually on the south wall of the room, as were cooking hearths and ovens. The main rooms contained raised platforms that may have been used for a range of domestic activities. Typical houses contained two rooms for everyday activity, such as cooking and crafting. All interior walls and platforms were plastered to a smooth finish. Ancillary rooms were used as storage, and were accessed through low openings from main rooms.
"All rooms were kept scrupulously clean. Archaeologists identified very little rubbish in the buildings, finding middens outside the ruins, with sewage and food waste, as well as significant amounts of ash from burning wood, reeds, and animal dung. In good weather, many daily activities may also have taken place on the rooftops, which may have formed a plaza.
[...]
"Çatalhöyük has strong evidence of an #egalitarian society, as no houses with distinctive features (belonging to royalty or religious #hierarchy for example) have been found so far. The most recent investigations also reveal little social distinction based on gender, with men and women receiving equivalent nutrition and seeming to have equal social status, as typically found in Paleolithic cultures. Children observed domestic areas. They learned how to perform rituals and how to build or repair houses by watching the adults make statues, beads, and other objects. Çatalhöyük's spatial layout may be due to the close kin relations exhibited amongst the people. It can be seen, in the layout, that the people were 'divided into two groups who lived on opposite sides of the town, separated by a gully.' Furthermore, because no nearby towns were found from which marriage partners could be drawn, 'this spatial separation must have marked two intermarrying kinship groups.' This would help explain how a settlement so early on would become so large.
"In the upper levels of the site, it becomes apparent that the people of Çatalhöyük were honing skills in agriculture and the domestication of animals. Female figurines have been found within bins used for storage of cereals, such as wheat and barley, and the figurines are presumed to be of a deity protecting the grain. Peas were also grown, and almonds, pistachios, and fruit were harvested from trees in the surrounding hills. Sheep were domesticated and evidence suggests the beginning of cattle domestication as well. However, hunting continued to be a major source of food for the community. Pottery and obsidian tools appear to have been major industries; obsidian tools were probably both used and also traded for items such as Mediterranean sea shells and flint from Syria. Noting the lack of hierarchy and economic inequality, historian and anti-capitalist author Murray Bookchin has argued that Çatalhöyük was an early example of anarcho-communism."
Source:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87atalh%C3%B6y%C3%BCk
#AnarchoCommunism #Anatolia #MutualAid #AncientHistory #Histodon
From 2015 - #Catalhöyük: an example of true gender equality?
The Ascent of Woman confronts the unspoken suspicion that maybe the long-held second class status of women reflects a biological reality rather than social prejudice. To do that, the series had to do more than simply show some of the great women outliers, it had to explore the origins of gender inequality. For episode one, ‘Civilisation’, the starting point is the agricultural revolution, when humanity exchanged the hunt for the plough, and went from a nomadic lifestyle to settled communities.
"Catalhöyük: Where true gender equality flourished
"When Professor #IanHodder took over the site, it wasn’t his intention to be controversial. Nevertheless, his findings have been revolutionary. His team dug through 18 levels, covering about 1,200 years of uninterrupted habitation. They found no evidence to support the claim that Catalhoyuk was a #matriarchy or that female fertility was worshipped over and above that of phallic or animal spiritualism.
"But, Hodder insists, the question should never have been posed as an either-or issue. He argues that his team’s discoveries are so much more significant than anything previously imagined. Catalhoyuk was a place were true #GenderEquality flourished. An examination of male and female skeletons show that both sexes ate the same diet, performed the same work, and spent the same amount of time outdoors. In life, they inhabited the same physical space; in death they were given the same kind of burials. There is no evidence for either a #patriarchal or matriarchal system. In Catalhöyük a woman’s biology was not her fate.
"People have long accepted that political power is man-made rather than god-given. But it’s been different for female inequality. History, religion, science, everything in fact, has seemed to condemn feminism for being against the natural order. Thanks to Catalhöyük, we can say with confidence that there is nothing natural about patriarchy or matriarchy. Society can take many forms and shapes. Sex is genetic, but gender is cultural."
Watch episode here:
https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b0693y0j
YouTube:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W1tVtEMKGAY
#AncientHistory #Turkey #Anatolia #History #Histodon #Archaeology #Catalhoyuk
