#citadel — Public Fediverse posts

#Nerdlings #WarhammerCommunity #w40k #warhammer #paintingwarhammer #paintingminiatures #warhammer40000 #warhammer40k #citadel #paint #hobby #gamesworkshop #gamesworkshop40k #modelkit

https://www.europesays.com/people/69887/ Bezos Family Foundation’s $100M Gift to Robin Hood Honors Jackie Bezos #Amazon #Bloomberg #Business #Citadel #JackieBezos #JeffBezos #JennaLyle #KenGriffin #LaurenSu00e1nchezBezos #MarkBezos #MichaelBloomberg #MiguelBezos #PaulTudorJones #Philanthropy #PhilanthropyInEducation #RobinHood #RobinHoodFoundation #ZohranMamdani

#Nerdlings #WarhammerCommunity #w40k #warhammer #paintingwarhammer #paintingminiatures #warhammer40000 #warhammer40k #citadel #paint #hobby #gamesworkshop #gamesworkshop40k #modelkit

Geekly Weekly Digest #352 May 3 - 9

A weekly Pop Culture Ranking with Full Rankings at http://www.99geek.ca and no pay wall!

NEW RELEASES
#DaredevilBornAgain
#StarWars #MaulShadowLord
#ReadyOrNot
#TheBoys
#Citadel

NEXT WEEK
#ProjectHailMary
#Punisher
#ForzaHorizon6
#GoodOmens
#DevilMayCry

https://www.europesays.com/nl/202038/ Streamtips: Lord of the Flies, Ready or Not 2, Legends en meer #Amusement #citadel #Dutch #Entertainment #Film #Films #legends #LordOfTheFlies #Movies #Nederland #Nederlanden #Nederlands #Netherlands #NL #ReadyOrNot2 #Streamtips #TheSuperMarioGalaxyMovie

https://www.europesays.com/be-nl/56710/ Streamtips: Lord of the Flies, Ready or Not 2, Legends en meer #Amusement #BE #België #Belgium #citadel #Entertainment #Film #Films #legends #LordOfTheFlies #Movies #ReadyOrNot2 #Streamtips #TheSuperMarioGalaxyMovie

Im #Mai2026 starten auf #Amazon #PrimeVideo wieder etliche neue #Filme und #Serien. Dazu gehören die 2. Staffel von #Citadel, #Spider-Noir mit Nicolas Cage und weitere #Blockbuster wie #TopGun: Maverick. https://winfuture.de/news,158410.html?utm_source=Mastodon&utm_medium=ManualStatus&utm_campaign=SocialMedia

I can't believe this was made in #DreamsPS4 😱 The atmosphere in CITADEL - ACT THREE is absolutely insane. This is proof that community creations are reaching a whole new level✨

Watch the full clip here: https://www.youtube.com/shorts/HrUlGig23Bk

#Gaming #PS5 #DreamsPS5 #Citadel #ps5 #ps4 #pc #web #videogame #madeindreams #dreamsps4 #dreamsps5 #gameengine #games #fanmadegames #DreamsShowcase #indiegames #ps5games #PlayStationDreams #PS5Dreams #GamingInDreams #ps4games #surrealgaming #nextlevelgaming #DreamlikeGam

I can't believe this was made in #DreamsPS4 😱 The atmosphere in CITADEL - ACT THREE is absolutely insane. This is proof that community creations are reaching a whole new level✨

Watch the full clip here: https://www.youtube.com/shorts/HrUlGig23Bk

#Gaming #PS5 #DreamsPS5 #Citadel #ps5 #ps4 #pc #web #videogame #madeindreams #dreamsps4 #dreamsps5 #gameengine #games #fanmadegames #DreamsShowcase #indiegames #ps5games #PlayStationDreams #PS5Dreams #GamingInDreams #ps4games #surrealgaming #nextlevelgaming #DreamlikeGam

I can't believe this was made in #DreamsPS4 😱 The atmosphere in CITADEL - ACT THREE is absolutely insane. This is proof that community creations are reaching a whole new level✨

Watch the full clip here: https://www.youtube.com/shorts/HrUlGig23Bk

#Gaming #PS5 #DreamsPS5 #Citadel #ps5 #ps4 #pc #web #videogame #madeindreams #dreamsps4 #dreamsps5 #gameengine #games #fanmadegames #DreamsShowcase #indiegames #ps5games #PlayStationDreams #PS5Dreams #GamingInDreams #ps4games #surrealgaming #nextlevelgaming #DreamlikeGam

I can't believe this was made in #DreamsPS4 😱 The atmosphere in CITADEL - ACT THREE is absolutely insane. This is proof that community creations are reaching a whole new level✨

Watch the full clip here: https://www.youtube.com/shorts/HrUlGig23Bk

#Gaming #PS5 #DreamsPS5 #Citadel #ps5 #ps4 #pc #web #videogame #madeindreams #dreamsps4 #dreamsps5 #gameengine #games #fanmadegames #DreamsShowcase #indiegames #ps5games #PlayStationDreams #PS5Dreams #GamingInDreams #ps4games #surrealgaming #nextlevelgaming #DreamlikeGam

I can't believe this was made in #DreamsPS4 😱 The atmosphere in CITADEL - ACT THREE is absolutely insane. This is proof that community creations are reaching a whole new level✨

Watch the full clip here: https://www.youtube.com/shorts/HrUlGig23Bk

#Gaming #PS5 #DreamsPS5 #Citadel #ps5 #ps4 #pc #web #videogame #madeindreams #dreamsps4 #dreamsps5 #gameengine #games #fanmadegames #DreamsShowcase #indiegames #ps5games #PlayStationDreams #PS5Dreams #GamingInDreams #ps4games #surrealgaming #nextlevelgaming #DreamlikeGam

Jack Reynor Talks ‘Lee Cronin’s The Mummy’ Original Ending and His Busy Upcoming Slate
#MovieFeatures #Movies #Citadel #JackReynor #LeeCronin039sTheMummy #Midsommar #PowerBallad #PresumedInnocent #TheMummy

https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-features/jack-reynor-talks-lee-cronins-the-mummy-original-ending-1236578412/

All Content from Business Insider | Citadel is retooling its investor recruiting team. These are the hires. by Alex Morrell,Bradley Saacks

AI generated summary, Read the full article for complete information.

Business Insider delivers the innovative stories readers seek, focusing on forward‑looking topics and cutting‑edge developments across industries.

Read more: https://www.businessinsider.com/citadel-business-development-recruiting-hires-promotions-talent-war-2026-4

#citadel #finance #hedgefunds #recruiting #talent

AI generated summary, Read the full article for complete information.

Solo para recordarles que en Undernet, tenemos funcionando algunos servicios que son poco visibles, pero muy livianos y útiles, sobre todo para la comunidad low tech & retro, que anda con PCs viejitas.

Abro hilo 🧵 1/2

1) Citadel BBS: Es un servicio groupware con calendario con agenda, notas, mensajes, grupos... está muy bueno y es ultra liviano.

https://bbs.undernet.uy/

Los registros son por aprobación, si están interesados, me pueden avisar por acá.

Wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citadel_(software)

#bbs #undernet #citadel #servicios #retro #lowtech #uruguay

Solo para recordarles que en Undernet, tenemos funcionando algunos servicios que son poco visibles, pero muy livianos y útiles, sobre todo para la comunidad low tech & retro, que anda con PCs viejitas.

Abro hilo 🧵 1/2

1) Citadel BBS: Es un servicio groupware con calendario con agenda, notas, mensajes, grupos... está muy bueno y es ultra liviano.

https://bbs.undernet.uy/

Los registros son por aprobación, si están interesados, me pueden avisar por acá.

Wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citadel_(software)

#bbs #undernet #citadel #servicios #retro #lowtech #uruguay

Solo para recordarles que en Undernet, tenemos funcionando algunos servicios que son poco visibles, pero muy livianos y útiles, sobre todo para la comunidad low tech & retro, que anda con PCs viejitas.

Abro hilo 🧵 1/2

1) Citadel BBS: Es un servicio groupware con calendario con agenda, notas, mensajes, grupos... está muy bueno y es ultra liviano.

https://bbs.undernet.uy/

Los registros son por aprobación, si están interesados, me pueden avisar por acá.

Wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citadel_(software)

#bbs #undernet #citadel #servicios #retro #lowtech #uruguay

https://winbuzzer.com/2026/03/24/jpmorgan-launches-cds-basket-hedge-ai-debt-risk-xcxwbn/

JPMorgan Launches CDS Basket to Hedge AI Debt Risk

#AI #AIInvestment #Oracle #Alphabet #Amazon #Meta #Microsoft #DataCenters #Hyperscalers #WallStreet #AIDisruption #CapitalExpenditure #Anthropic #Claude #Citadel #JpmorganChase #GoldmanSachs

RECALL / DUREX / B.O.O.T. / CITADEL (Release Show)

toscadura, Friday, April 3 at 09:00 PM EDT

ALL AGES HARDCORE PUNK

April 3rd 2026

DUREX

https://durex.bandcamp.com/album/shame-2

Safe Sex Icons

RECALL

https://11pmrecords.bandcamp.com/album/ep-3

Sewer Rubble Disrock Supergroup

B.O.O.T.

(Ottawa)

https://bootonourthroat.bandcamp.com/album/demo

The phrase "get the cool shoeshine" is considered a critique of materialism, although it is sometimes interpreted simply as keeping one's shoes clean.

CITADEL

(Release Show)

The long awaited opening of the cloistered gates ....

ALL AGES @ toscadura

15$ NOTAFLOF

(drinks with ID 18+)

No bigots, Good vibes only

a sickie gig

poster by Alex A

https://montreal.askapunk.net/event/recall-durex-boot-citadel-release-show

Well, here we are again! One of the longest, most eventful years in recent memory comes to a close. After all of the hardships my family, friends, and I endured at the end of last year, it was difficult to imagine what life would be like. For quite some time, it took everything in us just to continue our day-to-day existences, to reestablish or refresh our routines, and to build our lives back up. But we had tons of support, and we got through it. In fact, I’d say that we came out of everything with a better understanding of who we are, what we want out of life, and a greater drive to live more fully, more intentionally, and without regrets. Personally, I learned the value of asking more questions, making fewer assumptions, and embracing the mess of being human in today’s world. With practice in these areas, in time, I’ll grow into a better person, a better friend, and a better partner to my loved ones.

Musically, I experienced a bit of a shift. I don’t know exactly when this shift happened, but I could feel my desire for unfamiliar or less-traveled territory build. I desired weird, long, or messy records that called to me on a more personal level above all else. I craved pieces that showcased artists who wrote what they wanted (or needed) to, regardless of what others might think or say. Authenticity, creativity, memorability, imperfection, and artistic integrity became my core values when approaching new music this year.

Aside from all of that, the thing I want to do most is offer my deepest heartfelt thanks to everyone who’s stuck by me and been my support system this year. To Alex, a wonderful and gorgeous man who continually shows me more love, patience, and attention than I ever dared to ask for—and who challenges me to grow with every passing day. To Ally, Thea, Kaja, Ashe, Sophie, Chris (both of them), Sean, Malachi, Brandon, Michelle, and Jeff for being the best meatspace friends a guy could ask for, and who also show me more love than I ever dared to ask for. To new meatspace friends (Jhierry, Adrien, Forest, Logan, Nick, Zach, Brett, Blue, Brian, and Shawn) who further enrich my life with each interaction, I am excited to see how our relationships develop! To my therapist, Clint, who has helped pull me from the brink more times than I can count. To my family, Mom, Dad, and Kathy, I don’t know what I would do if they were not here with me. To Lise and Victoria, who have been and continue to be the best supervisors—and all-around cool, brilliant, creative, and inspiring people—I’ve ever known. To AMG Himself, Steel Druhm, Dr. A. N. Grier, and Sentynel for running the greatest blog on the planet and being an invaluable resource for my continued growth as a writer and contributor. To all of my fellow writers and editors, both active and inactive, who make this blog the wonderland it is and whose contributions and company continually uplift and motivate me. To the readers, our Discord members, and the metal community writ large, we wouldn’t be here without you!

Lastly, I’d like to give a shout to all the bands who released awesome records this year that fought valiantly for a spot on my list/HMs, in alphabetical order: 1914, Ancient Death, …and Oceans, Astronoid, Aversed, Blind Equation, Bodybox, Buried Realm, Cave Sermon, Changeling, Death Whore, Gloombound, The Halo Effect, Havukruunu, Helms Deep, Inoculation, Maud the Moth, Mutagenic Host, Nephylim, Pedestal for Leviathan, Proscription, Rothadás, Sarastus, Serenity in Murder, Structure, Tower, Tribunal, Vittra, Yellow Eyes. Despite these gems losing a place on my list proper for any number of reasons, I know I’ll return to them with great relish.

With all of that said, I invite all of you to bear witness to my absolutely unhinged Top Ten(ish) selections for 2025. May the rabble commence!

#ish. Epica // Aspiral – Epica is my favorite symphonic metal band. It’s no secret. They’ve been at the grindstone churning out quality records for almost 25 years with a remarkably stable lineup, and there’s every reason to expect Angry Metal Guy’s Law of Diminishing Recordings™ to catch up with them someday. Today is not that day. Aspiral is easily my favorite record since The Quantum Enigma, full of memorable songs and standout performances. It may be hookier and poppier than anything they’ve put out in the past, but accessibility looks great on Epica.

#10. Citadel // Descension – Every time I thought I knew how I felt about this record, I’d go back to it and discover more reasons to love it. Descension follows the same school of melodic death metal with long-form constructions that bands like An Abstract Illusion practice, but there’s a smoky, gothic twist to it that embodies darkness and light as a merged entity. It’s a delicate balance that Citadel treads with grace and athleticism. That feat is what ultimately elevated Descension to my Top 10 proper.

#9. Depravity // Bestial Possession – Depravity really fucked around with my cutoff for list consideration, coming in clutch one week before Turkey Day. But I am the one who found out. Riffs made to break bones and minds alike, Bestial Possession is lean, mean, and bloodthirsty. And yet, it’s smooth, refined, and streamlined. This is the work of a band that understands exactly what they want to write, and knows how to execute that vision with devastating precision. It’s death metal as we know and love it, weaponized for mass destruction.

#8. In Mourning // The Immortal –The Immortal surprised me. I fully expected it to be good. After all, In Mourning haven’t released a bad album to date. But against all odds, they managed to capture lightning in a bottle here, with songs that are impossible to resist and even harder to forget. It represents everything I love about the sadboi side of melodic death without skimping on hooks or on teeth. The Immortal might just be the pinnacle of In Mourning’s career. Who would’ve expected that after 25 years?

#7. An Abstract Illusion // The Sleeping City – In recent years, I often found myself gravitating towards concise, to-the-point records. I wanted hooks. I wanted brevity. I wanted unrelenting intensity. In 2025, that shifted. The long form became my home away from home. Epic yarns and gentle movements brought comfort and warmth to my listening schedule. With The Sleeping City, An Abstract Illusion managed to capture both the intensity I craved before and the sweeping arcs that I look for now. That it is beautiful without compromising either of those traits is nothing short of awe-inspiring. And so, here we are.

#6. Igorrr // Amen – When I look at my Top 10ish, I notice two things. Firstly, a fair number of these selections are, in some shape or form, weird or niche. Secondly, the gaps that separate one album from the other at this point are paper-thin, aside from my AotY. For French wild cards, Igorrr, accessibility ultimately put Amen here with my faves of 2025. Whimsically weird, savagely smart, and wholly unpredictable, Igorrr achieved a buttery smoothness and an unflinching confidence with these 12 absolute bangers that they’ve never shown before. A high-water mark for an act with an established reputation for excellence.

#5. Tómarúm // Beyond Obsidian Euphoria – My relationship with Beyond Obsidian Euphoria followed much the same trajectory as my relationship with its predecessor, Ash in Realms of Stone Icons. I felt confident in my score, then I started doubting its accuracy, then I’d revisit the record and feel vindicated in my original evaluation—rinse and repeat. It’s a vicious cycle, but at the end of the day, Beyond Obsidian Euphoria was always destined for my Top 5. Its epic, sprawling constructs demand so many of my spoons; emotionally, physically, and spiritually. But it gives just as many back, plus just enough extra to compel me to spin it again. It’s one helluva journey, but that’s what makes it excellent!

#4. Qrixkuor // The Womb of the World – In the world of symphonic death metal, Qrixkuor is singular. Nobody else sounds like them, and I’m convinced nobody else could. Dramatic, violent, and grotesque, but at the same time possessing a disturbing beauty, The Womb of the World sets a new standard for lushly orchestrated death metal. It’s not for the faint of heart, nor for those looking for a quick fix. But once it’s infected your mind, you belong to it. An album to be feared as much as it is to be adored.

#3. Cam Girl // Flesh & Chrome – Deciding where to slot this was a difficult process for me. The people-pleaser that lives in my brain—who is jacked, devastatingly handsome, and incredibly charismatic—tried to move Cam Girl’s sophomore LP down a couple of notches, purely to protect me from those who would (and likely will) tell me this kind of record is undeserving of such high placement here. But the reality is I don’t fucking want to. Flesh & Chrome is a staggering improvement on Cam Girl’s already winning formula, with an invincible selection of super-sticky and subversive tunes that haven’t left my brain since the first half of 2025. It’s among the most fun records I’ve had the pleasure of covering on this site. Above all, Flesh & Chrome earned its rightful place in my Top 3. So it is, so it shall be.

#2. ByoNoiseGenerator // Subnormal Dives – This was not on my bingo card for 2025. I used to despise everything about ByoNoiseGenerator’s brand of brutal jazzgrind. After spinning Subnormal Dives roughly 10^230049 times in the span of a few short months, with a mind-broken grin plastered permanently on my face, something snapped. It wasn’t a gradual affinity borne of a studious and painstaking process. It was a total, implosive disintegration of everything I held true. The result? BYONG is now one of my favorite bands, and I’ve come to love their previous work, too. Not many albums wield that much power. Subnormal Dives does.

#1. Flummox // Southern Progress – This is easily my biggest surprise of 2025. I never heard of Flummox before seeing this cover art on my Bandcamp feed, and I was thoroughly bamboozled by my first spin. The mix was bizarre, the songwriting highly unorthodox compared to anything I’ve heard this side of Devin Townsend, and Flummox’s refusal to settle into any one style was confounding. Yet, I simply could not stop spinning it. All year long, Southern Progress was my go-to, even on days when I just felt so numb that I didn’t want to listen to anything at all. With that commitment came understanding. Southern Progress is, simply put, a fully realized and inspired work of art, complete with relevant societal commentary. Steeped in messaging that spotlights systematic and social prejudices that plague the queer, and particularly the trans/nonbinary/gender-fluid, community (especially in the American South)—and deftly integrating branched subplots that exhibit the wide-reaching complications that neurodivergence, late-stage capitalism, and religion-based upbringings contribute to that experience—Flummox’s fifth LP greatly affected me on a personal level. More so than any other record released this year, Southern Progress feels important, not just to me, and not just to Flummox. I strongly believe everyone could learn something from this bizarre, wild, and untamable barnstormer and have a blast doing it. For these reasons, and so much more, I gratefully award Southern Progress my 2025 Album o’ the Year. Thank you, Flummox, for this wonderful gift!

Honorable Mentions

• Barren Path // Grieving – Deathgrind never sounded this good, or felt this vicious.
• Bianca // Bianca – The beauty and the beast returns, reimagined and rekindled.
• Calva Louise // Edge of the Abyss – Fiercely creative and vividly memorable, this is what happens when artists use neurodivergence and cultural diversity as assets.
• Dagdrøm // Schauder – Passionate melodic black metal for those who are looking for something a bit outside convention.
• Dawn of Ouroboros // Bioluminescence – The best vocal performance of the year meets some of the coolest progressive death songwriting I’ve heard in a minute.
• Imperial Triumphant // Goldstar – The gritty, twisted, sprawling city-dweller with a shady story to tell, and yet it glitters like the purest gold.
• Messa // The Spin – Emotive, sultry, and nuanced doom, compelling enough to seduce even the coldest heart.
• Psychonaut // World Maker – Thoughtful and deeply personal, but still crushingly heavy, post-metal from one of the best acts in the scene.

Songs o’ the Year

• Cam Girl – “Flesh & Chrome” – Simplicity and a curated collection of razor-sharp hooks will win my heart faster than anything else, and few songs this year upheld that virtue better than “Flesh & Chrome.” I haven’t been able to stop singing it to myself literally every single day since I first got my hands on this promo half a year ago, and yet the serotonin production it generates in my burned-out brain almost overwhelms me still. From the white-hot brightness of its lead melodies to the soaring brass of its addictive1 chorus and tight writing, “Flesh & Chrome” just makes me happy. Simple as.

• Citadel – “Sorrow of the Thousandth Death” – I didn’t expect to include this song on my list, but something happened once I started revisiting Descension more often. I found myself completely blown back by the artistry, the expressiveness, and the fluidity exhibited by Citadel’s epic “Sorrow of the Thousandth Death.” This unexpected emotional response completely shifted my perspective on what I was looking for in my Song o’ the Year candidates. Once I contemplated those requirements more deeply, it became clear in short order that “Sorrow of the Thousandth Death” was worthy and then some. Incredible.

• In Mourning – “As Long as the Twilight Stays” – While songs like “Flesh & Chrome” make me happy beyond all reason, others like “As Long as the Twilight Stays” break my bleeding heart. Every time the lyrics “Breathe and open your eyes / When darkness falls, a new dawn will rise / Reveal the secrets you keep / There is still hope as long as twilight stays” pierce through my eardrums, something deep from within my soul surges. That pull, strong enough to rip my heart from its bony cage, and further strengthened by weeping, layered tremolo harmonies, melts me. This is power; it is magic. I am helpless to resist.

• Flummox – “Long Pork” – Southern Progress is swimming in great songs, all of which make a strong claim for inclusion here. Ultimately, “Long Pork” won the blue ribbon for its unhinged songwriting, bizarre vocal acrobatics, harrowing instrumentation, and metamorphic storytelling. The cutting and clever lyrics may seem whimsical at first blush, but the critique they level at humanity’s gross exploitation, not only for the vast overproduction and dysfunctional distribution of food—and the systematic abuse of animals to meet that unsustainable demand—but also to the gluttony of late-stage capitalism and the chasmic wealth divide it perpetuates, sends chills through my nervous system. Sensational!



• Messa – “The Dress” – Of all the great songs 2025 had to offer, “The Dress” was the first one I felt earned a nod here. It is classy beyond all comprehension, sultry and sophisticated without being busy or especially complex. Moreover, it captivates my attention completely. An unqualified success of songwriting prowess, excellence in execution and performance, and spirited delivery, “The Dress” flows between melodies, moods, and modes as mana from otherworldly realms. I would not be surprised if, ten years from now, I still feel its magic as strongly as I do today, immune to the eroding force of time.



Non-Metal Album o’ the Year:

• Lady Gaga // Mayhem – I am absolutely obsessed with this album. I’ve been a fan of Lady Gaga for a long time, but never before did I feel so wholly ensnared by one of her records. This absolute triumph of modern pop explodes with energy, killer hooks, and an unfuckwithable vocal display that makes not singing along to each and every track entirely impossible. Mainstream though it is, Mayhem is a force, and I’ll be listening to it with glee for years to come.

Shakes Fist at Cloud Album of 2025

• Pedestal for Leviathan // Enter: Vampyric Manifestation – There will never be a day when I don’t rue how late I encountered this record, and how lame it felt to realize it had been self-released months before I picked up a December promo for it. It is listworthy, and that I treated it as if it missed my yearly cutoff because of a simple lack of awareness makes me want to shake my fists at the clouds!

#Citadel CEO #KenGriffin, #billionaire #Trump supporter & #megadonor to #Republicans, had some harsh words for Trump about his #TradeWar:

It’s hurting America’s standing in the world & eroding the nation’s “#brand”.

“The #UnitedStates was more than just a nation. It’s a brand. It’s a universal brand, whether it’s our culture, our financial strength, our military strength …. America rose beyond just being a country,” Griffin said.

#US #economy #recession #trumpcession
https://www.cnn.com/2025/04/24/business/ken-griffin-trump-trade-war-brand?cid=ios_app

What if there was a Space Marine but instead of being a roided out rac*st space monk, he was a little freak?

https://buff.ly/41gGiGc

#warhammer40000 #40k #warhammer40k #gamesworkshop #wh40k #spacemarine #titus #leandros #gaming #gamingclips #slay #youtube #shorts #meme #creator #nocommentary #longplay #warhammer #gamingclips #theythemperor #40kcommunity #spacemarine2 #sm2 #miniatures #whitedwarf #citadel #imperial #guard #eldar #ork #drukhari #tau #necron #tyrannid #harlequin #squat #chaos

I have gone miniature painting mad this week! Some of my work. I'm glad I found the headspace for this hobby again, it's really relaxing and it's getting me back into model making too.

#miniaturepainting #warhammer40k #vallejo #greenstuff #citadel #squidmar #modelmaking #modelrail

I have gone miniature painting mad this week! Some of my work. I'm glad I found the headspace for this hobby again, it's really relaxing and it's getting me back into model making too.

#miniaturepainting #warhammer40k #vallejo #greenstuff #citadel #squidmar #modelmaking #modelrail

I have gone miniature painting mad this week! Some of my work. I'm glad I found the headspace for this hobby again, it's really relaxing and it's getting me back into model making too.

#miniaturepainting #warhammer40k #vallejo #greenstuff #citadel #squidmar #modelmaking #modelrail

I have gone miniature painting mad this week! Some of my work. I'm glad I found the headspace for this hobby again, it's really relaxing and it's getting me back into model making too.

#miniaturepainting #warhammer40k #vallejo #greenstuff #citadel #squidmar #modelmaking #modelrail

I have gone miniature painting mad this week! Some of my work. I'm glad I found the headspace for this hobby again, it's really relaxing and it's getting me back into model making too.

#miniaturepainting #warhammer40k #vallejo #greenstuff #citadel #squidmar #modelmaking #modelrail

Varun Dhawan, Samantha’s AGBO-Produced ‘Citadel: Honey Bunny’ From Raj & DK Leads Prime Video Global Viewing (EXCLUSIVE)
#Variety #Asia #Global #News #AGBO #Citadel #Samantha #VarunDhawan

https://variety.com/2024/tv/news/varun-dhawan-samantha-citadel-honey-bunny-rating-1236208703/

Go Bulldogs! Our navy and white Nine Bulldogs image is a perfect way to show your bulldog spirit and love.

Shown on a pillow, other products too

https://fineartamerica.com/.../navy-and-white-nine...

#BuyIntoArt #Bulldogs #GoBulldogs #Georgetown #Yale #Gonzaga #Citadel #Drake #Butler #SWOSU #ConcordiaNE #Bellevue #NobleandGreenough #StAlbans #GeorgetownPrep

‘Citadel: Diana’ Breaks Records For Amazon Italy After First Weekend
#News #Ratings #AGBO #Amazon #Citadel #CitadelDiana #MatildaDeAngelis #PrimeVideo #RussoBrothers

https://deadline.com/2024/10/citadel-diana-amazon-ratings-record-italy-1236117367/

‘Citadel’ Creators Dive Deep on Global Spinoff Strategy
#Variety #Asia #Global #News #Citadel #PrimeVideo #Samantha #VarunDhawan

https://variety.com/2024/tv/news/citadel-india-italy-spinoffs-1236178266/

Varun Dhawan, Samantha’s Prime Video Spy Thriller ‘Citadel: Honey Bunny’ From Russo Bros, Raj & DK Unveils Trailer (EXCLUSIVE)
#Variety #Asia #Global #News #Citadel #RajDK #Samantha #VarunDhawan

https://variety.com/2024/tv/asia/varun-dhawan-samantha-citadel-honey-bunny-trailer-1236177170/

Citadel: Diana – The Italian action series set in the world of Citadel gets a teaser trailer. Watch it here https://bit.ly/3Tyv8Ir

#CitadelDiana #Citadel #TV #PrimeVideo #RussoBrothers #MatildaDeAngelis

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The thread about exploring Cromwell’s enigmatic Citadel of Leith

I was quite very excited to find this image in the Edinburgh City Libraries collection that I’d somehow missed before. It’s the “Gate of the Old Citadel of Leith“, an 1818 watercolour by the lawyer and prolific cityscape artist of Edinburgh, James Skene.

The Citadel was part of Oliver Cromwell’s plan to subdue and control Scotland during his occupation of the country after the Battle of Dunbar in 1650.

It acted not just as a base for the occupying forces, but by protecting and controlling the Port of Leith it guarded the supply lines and meant the Army could be provisioned. Its construction was ordered in 1653, overseen by Cromwell’s man on the ground, General Monck, and was reluctantly financed by the city of Edinburgh to the tune of £60,000 Scots (£5,000). According to Nicoll’s Diary, construction began on May 26th 1656. The occupiers brought with them a printing press to churn out official declarations and propaganda and so it’s no coincidence that the first newspaper in Scotland is said to have been printed on an English press within the Citadel; “The Mercurius Caledonius – Comprising The Affairs now in Agitation in Scotland With A Survey of Forraign Intelligence“. It only ran for 12 issues from Dec 1660 – Jan 1661 and is not to be confused with the later Caledonian Mercury. It printed reports from Parliament, “Forraign Intelligence” and other stories sourced from the London papers. Monck also encouraged other English merchants and industrialists to set up in the safety of The Citadel and they introduced the craft of glassmaking, something Leith would later become famous for.

As I may have said many times before, as far as I am aware there are no surviving contemporary illustrations or plans of The Citadel and the earliest map showing it accurately in plan was not made until 50 years later, after it was abandoned as a fortification and encroached upon by the sea. Before we look further at Skene’s illustration, it’s worth getting an idea of the layout of the fortress.

The Citadel followed the classic 5-pointed “Star Fort” layout, with projecting, arrowhead-shaped bastions at each point of the star. These were fortifications explicitly engineered for the age of artillery; the corner bastions formed raised firing platforms to mount your defensive cannons. Gone were the tall, stone walls of medieval castles, in were carefully sculpted and aligned ditches and earthen mounds to resist cannon fire. John Naish’s 1709 survey and plan of Leith is the best reference to get an accurate survey of some of the walls and internal buildings. Note we can only see three sides and corners of the five walls; even at this stage he calls it the “Ruins of the Cittadell”. It can be seen from where he delineates the “high water mark on a raging full sea” that where the remaining walls and bastions should be has been reclaimed by the North Sea. The ditch that surrounds it all could be filled to a depth of 6 feet, and it can be seen on Naish’s map that a small pond has formed to the east of the walls.

We also have a first-hand description of it during construction from the travelling English naturalist John Ray:

…one of the best fortifications that we ever beheld, passing fair and sumptuous. There are three forts [bastions] advanced above the rest and two platforms; the works around about are faced with freestone towards the ditch and are almost as high as the highest buildings within, and withal thick and substantial. Below are very pleasant, convenient and well-built houses for the governor, officers, and soldiers and for magazines and stores. There is also a good capacious chapel, the piazza, or void space within, as large as Trinity College, Cambridge, Great Court.

After the Stuart Restoration in 1660, The Citadel was abandoned as a military fortification. The contents of its chapel; its timber, seats, glass, masonry and even its steeple, were used in 1673 to refurbish that of Heriot’s Hospital. The City of Edinburgh were allowed to buy it back by King Charles II, so in effect they paid for it twice. Its walls were abandoned to the sea, or quarried out for building materials, and the modern buildings within them became something of a desirable place to live. John Skene’s delightful little sketch was made in 1818, a full 109 years after Naish’s map and 150 or more years after it was first built. But even in this time period, few other images of the subject matter were created and it remains a real rarity. So what does it show us of The Citadel, how does that relate to what we know of it and where was the artist positioned to sketch from. Let’s now find out, shall we?

Despite being a small watercolour, Skene has crammed a lot of interesting detail in there. The obvious thing is it shows a port (gateway). From this we can confirm that the gateway was surrounded with dressed masonry, the walls themselves were faced in stone and were likely filled with earth and rubble. It also gives us an idea of overall idea of the height of the walls and gateways as there are figures here for scale. If we suppose these are accurate, then the gateway might be 10-12 feet high and the walls 20-30 feet in total. The wall height of the contemporary Ayr Citadel is 25 feet, so this fits nicely.

In the background of the image we can see limewashed buildings with pan-tiled roofs; standard, vernacular east coast Scottish style at this time. This building looks particularly tall, but if we work it out from the window spacing, it’s probably just 3 storeys plus an attic dormer. Skene often plays with the height of buildings and stretches them to make the scene look more dramatic. The chimneys are smoking, so these buildings are in use, most likely residential.

We can also see that the blocks of buildings here don’t meet at right angles, given it was a five-sided fortification we would expect them to therefore be at about 72 degrees (give or take, as it was a slightly squished pentagon in plan). This distant range again looks to be 3 storeys with perhaps 2 in the attic dormer.

We see can also see street lighting. From a previous thread on the topic we can be sure these are “train oil” (i.e. whale) lamps.

And a woman hangs out her washing to dry on the grassy slope that is all that remains of the former wall embankment.

In the foreground, two men appear to be working stones. He in the red seems to have a regular block propped up and his partner in the blue looks like he’s trying to heave a slab off the ground. I wager they are reclaiming masonry from the collapsed walls; we know at both Leith and Ayr that this took place.

And just to the right of the two masons are two intriguing square posts. The Citadel was surrounded by a broad engineered ditch, which we can clearly see on Naish’s map, and it’s more than likely it would have had wooden trestle drawbridges across it. It’s nice to think that those posts may be part of that, they are after all aligned with the gateway.

In the left midground we have yet more pantile roofed, whitewashed buildings. This range is two storeys and has curving, external stairs to the 1st floor. We know that there were at least two 2-storey blocks within the complex which would have been barracks quarters and stables and we can see evidence in maps of the late 18th and early 19th century that some of the buildings had external staircases.

And lastly, auld Leith wouldn’t be auld Leith without a forest of masts and rigging in the background. These are the ships of the port, crammed into the river basin beyond. There were no formal wet docks here at this time, everything tied up in the river mouth and alongside the quays of North and South Leith.

So to conclude an answer to the first question, we can see rather a lot. We can see that the fortifications were largely gone, but bits remained; we can see its buildings were actively occupied and in reasonably good repair at this time, and we get a good idea of the building style and some of its inner layout.

And on to the second part; where was Skene’s viewpoint from where he made his drawing? Well that’s easy of course because we know exactly where The Citadel’s port was as it’s still there! (Many people are amazed to find out that there’s a well preserved section of Cromwellian Fort wall hiding in plain sight at the end of a car park in Leith).

An 1804 Town Plan showing Leith by John Ainslie is roughly contemporary with Skene’s illustration. The gateway in the photograph above is marked S, and so Skene would have to have been outside (to the east or right of the S), looking inwards or west.

Except there’s actually three problems with this hasty conclusion.

1. Firstly, in Skene’s image we are looking into The Citadel from outside and there is no way for there to be ships and masts in the left background as that is dry land well away from the shoreline. Skene is a reliable and accurate illustrator, it’s not likely he just made a big mistake.
2. Secondly, there was no range of buildings in the north of the inner courtyard of The Citadel; the buildings on the right of Skene’s image should not be there.
3. Thirdly, and crucially, the arch in Skene’s picture is a plain, rounded arch and clearly doesn’t match the segmental profile of the one in the photo above; it is also finished plainer, missing the tracery.

So how can we be looking at the arch from outside The Citadel bearing all of this in mind? The answer is quite simple actually, we can’t be. We are looking at a different arch! – Until the early 19th century, there was the remains of another port; the western or St. Nicholas Port. It is clearly marked T on the map below, set into W, which is the remains of old walls.

Suddenly it all begins to fall into place. Skene is located on the shore, to the left of the above map, looking at the St. Nicholas Port. The stonemasons are working not on the shore but in the ditch outside the walls, and the washerwoman is hanging up her whites on the slope of that wall W. Beyond is the range of buildings marked X and on the map can see two small projections on those buildings, which I would suggest are the external stairways. Beyond X is the further range of buildings offset from them at an angle around 72 degrees. Skene is now looking directly towards the piers and quayside of the Port, shown on the map below, and so the masts and ships are now in the correct place.

Lastly, we can corroborate all pf this with a further map, that by William Bell dated 1813, which shows the layout of buildings and land ownership in The Citadel at that time, and confirms two Citadel Ports again; you can see one marked on the left below the word “Property” of “Mr. Campbell’s Property” and the other on the right, to the right of “Citidal Green“. Bell’s map shows that at this time the whole area was being encroached upon by the building of the wet docks.

I’ve only ever seen one other illustration of the western port of the Citadel, which refers to it as “Oliver’s Mount” (i.e. Cromwell) on account of the mass of earth that had once formed the core of the wall rising above it. Confusingly it shows the passageway as bifurcating, which makes little defensive or engineering sense, and conflicts with Skene’s sketch. However, my understanding is at one time it may have been used as a cattle store and had been given a dividing wall internally. The artist of the below drawing may have been working off of a second-hand description and hence made it look like there were two separate passages, not one that had been divided.

Another semi-contemporary image shows the “Cromwell House“, in which Cromwell most likely never stayed. It was probably built as a governor’s mansion and would have been a desirable property to take over after the fort was abandoned to residential use. The general style and scale of this building does not contradict Skene’s illustration. This building, also known as the “Governor’s House” was still standing in 1825 when it was advertised as for sale.

A last piece of the puzzle and one which helps to tie everything nicely together can be found an etching by John Clerk of Eldin (who was a thoroughly good landscape draughtsman). It is something which is very easy to miss, but if we squint at “Leith from the West” we can see our gateway (highlighted blue) and the range of two-storey buildings with the curved, external staircases (red). The Leith Custom House is highlighted in yellow to help get our bearings. The full engraving is digitised in the National Galleries Scotland collection, you can zoom in on it and explore it at your leisure.

We can then take all of this evidence and add it on to Naish’s map to get a good idea of the layout and what the various features we can see on it actually were for.

I know of know reconstruction plan or illustration of the Leith Citadel, but one does exist for another one of the Scottish Cromwellian citaels of this era, that of Ayr. This is similar in some respects to Leith as it was built on the shore of a port town, but was larger and had 6 instead of 5 corner bastions. The illustration below gives a reasonable impression of what Leith would have looked like though.

Surviving sections of the walls of Ayr also give us a good idea of what Leith might have looked like:

I find the Leith Citadel hugely enigmatic. It was a massive, dominant fortification that was totally unlike anything else in this part of the world. It was built at great expense and yet from a military point of view was abandoned within a few years of completion. It very briefly saw some military action in 1715 when Jacobites under Mackintosh of Borlum occupied it and had a standoff with government forces before retreating and briefly in 1780 some old cannons were mounted on its walls to counter the threat posed by John Paul Jones. I also find it remarkable that even though much of The Citadel survived so long and after its abandonment, so little was left by the way of record. We are lucky indeed to have the remaining gateway and a small section of wall, tucked away in a car park in North Leith.

The other great survivor of The Citadel is less obvious from the ground, but it you look at a map of streets in the area it is immediately obvious that there is a pentagonal arrangement, bounded by Cromwell Place, Couper Street, Coburg Street and Dock Street. This directly aligns with the orientation of the walls, ditches and internal structures as you can see on the below animated image transition of old maps of Leith on the modern streetscape and overlaid with a schematic of The Citadel.

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