#slaveowners — Public Fediverse posts

A Different Revolution
https://consortiumnews.com/2025/07/04/a-different-revolution/
There were two original sins that drove the colonial ruling class to separate from their country and support a war for independence, writes Ace Thelin. By Ace Thelin Special to Consortium News It’s long past time Americans face the truth…
#Politics #AmericanEmpire #Books #CivilRights #Commentary #History #HumanRights #IndigenousPeople #U.s. #UntilThisDayHistoricalPerspectivesOnTheNews #Abolitionists #AceThelin #ColonialRulingClass #FoundingFathers #GeraldHorne #GloriousRevolution #IndependenceDay #Maroons #NedBlackhawk #Shay’sRebellion #SlaveOwners #SlaveTrade #ThomasJefferson #WarForIndependence

The role of the #police is protecting #capitalism

December 9, 2014

Excerpt [long]: "In England and the United States, the police were invented within the space of just a few decades—roughly from 1825 to 1855.

"The new institution was not a response to an increase in crime, and it really didn’t lead to new methods for dealing with crime. The most common way for authorities to solve a crime, before and since the invention of police, has been for someone to tell them who did it.

"Besides, crime has to do with the acts of individuals, and the ruling elites who invented the police were responding to challenges posed by collective action. To put it in a nutshell: The authorities created the police in response to large, defiant crowds. That’s

— strikes in England,
— riots in the Northern US,
— and the threat of slave insurrections in the South.

"So the police are a response to crowds, not to crime.

"I will be focusing a lot on who these crowds were, how they became such a challenge. We’ll see that one difficulty for the rulers, besides the growth of social polarization in the cities, was the breakdown of old methods of personal supervision of the working population. In these decades, the state stepped in to fill the social breach.

"We’ll see that, in the North, the invention of the police was just one part of a state effort to manage and shape the workforce on a day-to-day basis. Governments also expanded their systems of poor relief in order to regulate the labor market, and they developed the system of public education to regulate workers’ minds. I will connect those points to police work later on, but mostly I’ll be focusing on how the police developed in London, New York, Charleston (South Carolina), and Philadelphia.

* * * * *

"To get a sense of what’s special about modern police, it will help to talk about the situation when capitalism was just beginning. Specifically, let’s consider the market towns of the late medieval period, about 1,000 years ago.

"The dominant class of the time wasn’t in the towns. The feudal landholders were based in the countryside. They didn’t have cops. They could pull together armed forces to terrorize the serfs—who were semi-slaves—or they could fight against other nobles. But these forces were not professional or full-time.

"The population of the towns was mostly serfs who had bought their freedom, or simply escaped from their masters. They were known as bourgeois, which means town-dweller. The bourgeoisie pioneered economic relations that later became known as capitalism.

"For the purposes of our discussion, let’s say that a capitalist is somebody who uses money to make more money. At the beginning, the dominant capitalists were merchants. A merchant takes money to buy goods in order to sell them for more money. There are also capitalists who deal only with money—bankers—who lend out a certain amount in order to get more back.

"You could also be a craftsman who buys materials and makes something like shoes in order to sell them for more money. In the guild system, a master craftsman would work alongside and supervise journeymen and apprentices. The masters were profiting from their work, so there was exploitation going on, but the journeymen and apprentices had reasonable hopes of becoming masters themselves eventually. So class relations in the towns were quite fluid, especially in comparison to the relation between noble and serf. Besides, the guilds operated in ways that put some limits on exploitation, so it was the merchants who really accumulated capital at that time.

"In France, in the 11th and 12th centuries, these towns became known as communes. They incorporated into communes under various conditions, sometimes with the permission of a feudal lord­, but in general they were seen as self-governing entities or even city-states.

"But they didn’t have cops. They had their own courts—and small armed forces made up of the townsmen themselves. These forces generally had nothing to do with bringing people up on charges. If you got robbed or assaulted, or were cheated in a business deal, then you, the citizen, would press the charges.

"One example of this do-it-yourself justice, a method that lasted for centuries, was known as the hue and cry. If you were in a marketplace and you saw somebody stealing, you were supposed to yell and scream, saying 'Stop, thief!' and chase after the thief. The rest of the deal was that anybody who saw you do this was supposed to add to the hue and cry and also run after the thief.

"The towns didn’t need cops because they had a high degree of #SocialEquality, which gave people a sense of mutual obligation. Over the years, class conflicts did intensify within the towns, but even so, the towns held together—through a common antagonism to the power of the nobles and through continued bonds of mutual obligation."

Read more:
https://socialistworker.org/blog/critical-reading/2014/12/09/main-role-police-protecting-ca

#Capitalism #WePoliceOurselves #ACAB #MutualObligation #MutualAid #Confederacy #SlaveOwners #WhiteSupremacy #WhiteSupremacists

It would appear that “former Tory MP Antoinette Sandbach has threatened the University of Cambridge with legal action after a historian named her as a descendant of merchants who enslaved his ancestors.”

https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/aug/31/ex-tory-mp-threatens-sue-cambridge-university-slavery-research-antoinette-sandbach

Oh, my… It would be a damn shame if more people knew of this so please do not boost this post.

#AntoinetteSandbach #SamuelSandbach #Sandbach #british #slavery #britain #slaveOwners #tories #tory #conservatives #uk #cambridge #colonialists #colonialism

It would appear that “former Tory MP Antoinette Sandbach has threatened the University of Cambridge with legal action after a historian named her as a descendant of merchants who enslaved his ancestors.”

https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/aug/31/ex-tory-mp-threatens-sue-cambridge-university-slavery-research-antoinette-sandbach

Oh, my… It would be a damn shame if more people knew of this so please do not boost this post.

#AntoinetteSandbach #SamuelSandbach #Sandbach #british #slavery #britain #slaveOwners #tories #tory #conservatives #uk #cambridge #colonialists #colonialism

It would appear that “former Tory MP Antoinette Sandbach has threatened the University of Cambridge with legal action after a historian named her as a descendant of merchants who enslaved his ancestors.”

https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/aug/31/ex-tory-mp-threatens-sue-cambridge-university-slavery-research-antoinette-sandbach

Oh, my… It would be a damn shame if more people knew of this so please do not boost this post.

#AntoinetteSandbach #SamuelSandbach #Sandbach #british #slavery #britain #slaveOwners #tories #tory #conservatives #uk #cambridge #colonialists #colonialism

https://archive.org/details/georgia-slaveowners-1850

The 1850 Census of Georgia Slave Owners by Jack F. Cox

Topics
#georgia, #stateofgeorgia, #slaveowners, #slaveowners, #slaveholders, #slavemasters, #blackchattelslavery, #enslavement, #antiblackness, #antebellumsouth, #antebellumperiod, #census, #uscensus, #1850census, #demographics, #demography, #unitedstatesofamerika, #uscapitalism, #colonialism

typed transcription of handwritten original census records taken by the u.s. government.

https://archive.org/details/graves-unmarked

In Graves Unmarked: Slavery and Abolition in Stoneham, Massachusetts by Ben Jacques

Topics
#blackchattelslavery, #slavey, #abolition, #antiblackness, #massachusetts, #stoneham, #charlestown, #unitedstatesofamerika, #colonialism, #britishcolonialism, #britishempire, #slavemasters, #slaveowners, #enslavedpeople, #enslavedAfricans, #slavelabor, #slavercolonialism, #invadercolonialism

“In winter the bare trees are black against the snow and sky in the Old Burying Ground on Pleasant Street. Like frosting, snow decorates the gravestones of our town’s early families. The Bryants, the Bucknams, the Gerrys, the Greens, the Goulds, the Hays—our founders.

But beyond the cluster of 18th and 19th century stones, there are bare spots where no markers disturb the gentle slope of the earth. Here those with no status in colonial Stoneham lie in unmarked graves. Here are buried the town’s slaves.”

So begins the untold story of slavery and abolition in a town of farmers and shoemakers just north of Boston. Once part of Charlestown, the village was incorporated in 1725 as Stoneham, Massachusetts.

https://archive.org/details/culpeper-wills-1791-1803

Culpeper County, Virginia Will Abstracts 1791-1803 by Ruth Sparacio; Sam Sparacio

Topics
#culpepercounty, #virginia, #culpeper, #wills, #propertyrecords, #propertyownership, #wealthtransfers, #whitesupremacy, #antiblackness, #blackchattelslavery, #virginiahistory, #historyofvirginia, #genocide, #divorce, #courtrecords, #19thcentury, #unitedstatesofamerika, #capitalaccumulation, #capitalism, #nuclearfamily, #inheritance, #inheritances, #slaveowners, #slaveholders, #enslavers

This Antient Press publication contains entries from Culpeper County Will Book D, September 19, 1791 through April 19, 1803.

https://archive.org/details/carroll-co-ms-wills

Carroll County, Mississippi Abstracts of Wills 1834-1875, Divorces 1857-1875 by Betty Couch Wiltshire

Topics
#mississippi, #carrollcounty, #divorces, #wills, #propertyrecords, #propertyownership, #wealthtransfers, #whitesupremacy, #antiblackness, #blackchattelslavery, #mississippihistory, #historyofmississippi, #genocide, #divorce, #courtrecords, #19thcentury, #unitedstatesofamerika, #capitalaccumulation, #capitalism, #nuclearfamily, #inheritance, #inheritances, #slaveowners, #slaveowners, #slaveholders, #enslavers, #mississippidelta

https://archive.org/details/dc-wills

Index to District of Columbia Wills, 1801-1920 by Dorothy S. Provine

Topics
#DC, #WashingtonDC, #districtofcolombia, #unitedstatesofamerika, #slaveowners, #blackchattelslavery, #wills, #will, #willandtestament, #lastwillandtestament, #propertyownership, #propertytransfers, #wealth, #intergenerationalwealth, #upperclasses

from the introduction: "This book consists of an alphabetical name listing of more than 22,700 wills filed in the District of Colombia Orphans' Court (Probate Court) during the period 1801-1920. [...] The vast bulk of the wills, of course, were created by the local middle and upper class property owners to ensure that the distribution of their possessions was carried out according to their wishes."

If you can't #patent a #service, then…

…then…

…then…

…then…

DID YOU KNOW #BigTech are the modern day #mafia, modern-day #robberBaron, modern-day #pirates and #slaveOwners?

So what to do?