#american-revolution — Public Fediverse posts

The Presidency Nobody Understood

https://gotunitedstates.wordpress.com/2026/06/13/the-presidency-nobody-understood/

The Presidency Nobody Understood

https://gotunitedstates.wordpress.com/2026/06/13/the-presidency-nobody-understood/

Who Was Allowed to Vote?

https://gotunitedstates.wordpress.com/2026/06/12/who-was-allowed-to-vote/

Who Was Allowed to Vote?

https://gotunitedstates.wordpress.com/2026/06/12/who-was-allowed-to-vote/

a little OCD perhaps, but not so mad?

The Revolutionary War's chief villain is being rehabilitated — just in time for America's 250th https://www.pbs.org/newshour/world/the-revolutionary-wars-chief-villain-is-being-rehabilitated-just-in-time-for-americas-250th

#GeorgeIII #Americanrevolution #GeorgianEngland #propaganda

a little OCD perhaps, but not so mad?

The Revolutionary War's chief villain is being rehabilitated — just in time for America's 250th https://www.pbs.org/newshour/world/the-revolutionary-wars-chief-villain-is-being-rehabilitated-just-in-time-for-americas-250th

#GeorgeIII #Americanrevolution #GeorgianEngland #propaganda

Why the Bill of Rights Did Not Exist

https://gotunitedstates.wordpress.com/2026/06/11/why-the-bill-of-rights-did-not-exist/

Why the Bill of Rights Did Not Exist

https://gotunitedstates.wordpress.com/2026/06/11/why-the-bill-of-rights-did-not-exist/

Robert Leonard (bef. 1730 – 1780): Revolutionary Service in 7th Maryland Regiment and Death at Battle of Camden, South Carolina

Or, Subtitled: “In the Late American war with Britain in the Maryland Ridgiment as Sergeant till killd. in Genl. Gatises Defiat”

As previous postings have shown, there’s good documentation showing Robert Leonard serving during the French and Indian War as a sergeant under the command of John Dagworthy and Alexander Beall in Frederick County, Maryland, at Forts Cumberland and Frederick from February 1755 to November 1758. Robert witnessed the discharge of a soldier from Beall’s company in Frederick County in March 1759, so he was still in Frederick County up to that date. (To read the continuation of this posting, please click the numeral 2 below.)

Then he joined the British Army’s 35th Regiment of Foot — his discharge from that military group preserved by his descendants tells us this — and according to his great-grandson Thomas Dunlap Leonard, while serving in that regiment, Robert was at the battle of the Plains of Abraham (the battle of Québec, Thomas D. Leonard calls it) in September 1759. The discharge paper tells us Robert was discharged from the 35th on 24 July of an unnamed year, and states that the discharge occurred at Havana. This tells us he had gone with the 35th to the Caribbean after Québec and Montréal fell and was participating in the British military campaign there. The 35th was in Havana in the summer of 1762, so the 24 July date with the missing year is 24 July 1762.

From July 1762 up to 19 August 1779, when Robert Leonard enlisted in the 7th Maryland Regiment during the Revolutionary war, I find no records at all to document his life. I assume that after his discharge in Havana in July 1762, he returned to Frederick County, Maryland, to rejoin his wife Honor and their children. But I’ve been unable to find documentary proof of that, other than the fact that he had a payment, probably a final one, in March 1763 for his service under Dagworthy. And that payment does not necessarily indicate that he was in Frederick County at the time it was issued.

I never find any land or deed records suggesting to me that Robert owned property in Frederick County. There’s every indication that he was a professional soldier throughout his adult life, and this no doubt meant that he spent his years in Frederick County living in a military garrison, with wife Honor and their children probably living in a rented house nearby. Hagerstown is some eighteen miles east of Fort Frederick, and as I’ve noted previously (here and here), there’s substantial reason to conclude that Robert’s family was probably living in Hagerstown while he was stationed at Fort Frederick.

The first clear record I find indicating that Robert Leonard returned to Frederick County after his discharge from the 35th Regiment of Foot in Havana in July 1762 is his enlistment in the 5th Maryland Regiment under Captain Richard Anderson on 19 August 1779.[1] Robert appears in the DAR’s Patriot Index as a proven Revolutionary ancestor (no. A069340) who served in the 7th Maryland Regiment under Captain Richard Anderson and who died at Camden, Camden District, South Carolina on 16 August 1780 — that is, he died at the battle of Camden.

The information that Robert died at the battle of Camden appears in a power of attorney that his widow Honor, sons Thomas and Robert, and son-in-law Colin Campbell gave to James Irwin of Cumberland County, Pennsylvania, on 12 September 1800 while the Leonard family was living in Pendleton District, South Carolina. This power of attorney, which passed down in the family of Robert’s son Thomas along with Robert’s discharge from the 35th Regiment of Foot, was discussed in a previous posting. The linked posting provides a digital image and transcription of this document.

As the linked posting notes, Robert’s heirs gave Irwin power of attorney as he sought to claim any pay that might still be due for his service in both the French and Indian and Revolutionary Wars. The power of attorney states that Robert served in the “war of 1753” and also “in the Late American war with Britain in the Maryland Ridgiment as Sergeant till killd. in Genl. Gatises Defiat.” As the linked posting states, the statement about “Genl. Gatises Defiat” refers to the battle of Camden, South Carolina, on 16 August 1780 at which American troops led by General Horatio Gates were decisively defeated by the British, with many casualties on the American side.

With this power of attorney, his widow Honor, sons Thomas and Robert, and son-in-law Colin Campbell tell us that Robert Leonard was killed at the battle of Camden on 16 August 1780. The muster roll of Maryland’s 7th Regiment states that he was declared “missing” from 16 August 1780 forward.[2] The muster roll gives Robert the rank of private. The September 1800 power of attorney devised by his heirs says that he served in the Maryland regiment as a sergeant, his rank under Dagworthy and Beall and also in the 35th Regiment of Foot.

The 7th Maryland Regiment was was authorized on 16 September 1776 for service with the Continental Army. It was comprised of eight companies of volunteers drawn for the most part from Frederick and Baltimore Counties.[3] In April 1780, as the British made advances in Georgia and the Carolinas, the 1st American Brigade, which included the 7th Regiment, was reassigned from the Continental Army to the Southern Department under Major General Johann de Kalb.  

Prior to this reassignment, the Maryland line had been sent south under General Lincoln as British generals Clinton and Cornwallis headed for Charleston. The troops marched through New Jersey and Pennsylvania, embarking from the mouth of the Elk River on 3 May 1780 on vessels headed to Petersburg. From there, they began their advance towards Camden.[4]

As this advance took place, leaders of the Continental Army appeared indecisive about how to defend South Carolina against the British. As a result, the Maryland troops were badly provided for during the spring and summer months of 1780, experiencing hunger. On 3 August a small group of Virginia troops joined them, followed on 7 August by some North Carolina troops. On the 13th, 700 militiamen under General Stevens also joined the troops advancing to Camden.[5]  When the battle began on the morning of the 16th, the Maryland troops fought valiantly against great odds, but were decisively defeated by British forces.

The battle of Camden was the first major engagement of the 7th Regiment in the South. Due to strategic blunders Gates made confronting Cornwallis’ forces, it was a rout for American soldiers, with the Maryland Continentals including the 7th Regiment suffering devastating losses: over 300 Maryland Continentals were killed in the battle of Camden with many more captured.[6] In all, the Continentals from various colonies taking part in this battle had 1,900 killed, wounded, or captured.[7] A biography of Richard Heron Anderson, grandson of Robert Leonard’s captain Richard Anderson, states that those wounded at Camden included Richard Anderson.[8] But I suspect the biographer is confusing the battle of Camden with the battle of Guilford courthouse in March 1781 at which Anderson suffered a crippling wound, according to his Revolutionary pension application.[9]

A project sponsored by the South Carolina Battleground Preservation Trust and USC-SCIAA Archaeological Research Trust is currently underway to determine the identity of some of the soldiers buried at the Camden battlefield site. Family History Forensics is managing the DNA analysis for this project, seeking to match DNA recovered from the remains of the exhumed soldiers with DNA of descendants of those killed at the battle of Camden.

I assume that Robert Leonard is buried in an unmarked grave at the site of the battle of Camden. A memorial page has been created for him at Find a Grave’s pages for the Camden Revolutionary War cemetery, which for reasons unknown to me gives him a middle initial, G.[10] I’ve seen no documents anywhere giving Robert Leonard a middle name or middle initial.

In my next and final posting about Robert Leonard, I’ll provide a brief overview of information about his four children William, Thomas, Robert, and Mary.

[1] Archives of Maryland, vol. 18: Muster Rolls and Other Records of Service of Maryland Troops in the American Revolution, ed. Bernard Christian Steiner (Baltimore: Lord Baltimore Press, 1899), p. 225.

[2] Ibid. See also Jane Wallace Alford, Revolutionary War Patriots of Marshall County, Tennessee (Lewisburg, Tennessee: Webb, 1976), p. 117.

[3] See “American Revolutionary War Continental Regiments, 7th Maryland Regiment,” at the American Revolutionary War website; Valley Forge Park Alliance, “7th Maryland Regiment,” at the Valley Forge Legacy site; and “7th Maryland Regiment,” Grokipedia.

[4] Esther Mohr Dole, Maryland During the American Revolution (Fort Wayne: Allen County Public Library, 1980), p. 153.

[5] Ibid., pp. 154-5.

[6] Jim Piecuch, The Battle of Camden: A Documentary History (Charleston: The History Press, 2006); and “Battle of Camden,” Wikipedia.

[7] “Camden | Aug 16, 1780,” at the American Battlefield Trust website.

[8] Walker C. Irvine, The Life of Lieutenant General Richard Heron Anderson of the Confederate States Army (Charleston: Art Publishing, 1917), pp. 11-12.

[9] NARA, Case Files of Pension and Bounty-Land Warrant Applications Based on Revolutionary War Service, compiled ca. 1800 – ca. 1912, documenting the period ca. 1775 – ca. 1900, RG 15, file of Richard Anderson, Maryland, S10059, available digitally at Fold3.

[10] See Find a Grave memorial page for Robert G. Leonard, Camden Revolutionary War cemetery, Camden, Kershaw County, South Carolina, created by Linda Neilson.

Robert Leonard (bef. 1730 – 1780): Revolutionary Service in 7th Maryland Regiment and Death at Battle of Camden, South Carolina

Or, Subtitled: “In the Late American war with Britain in the Maryland Ridgiment as Sergeant till killd. in Genl. Gatises Defiat”

As previous postings have shown, there’s good documentation showing Robert Leonard serving during the French and Indian War as a sergeant under the command of John Dagworthy and Alexander Beall in Frederick County, Maryland, at Forts Cumberland and Frederick from February 1755 to November 1758. Robert witnessed the discharge of a soldier from Beall’s company in Frederick County in March 1759, so he was still in Frederick County up to that date. (To read the continuation of this posting, please click the numeral 2 below.)

Then he joined the British Army’s 35th Regiment of Foot — his discharge from that military group preserved by his descendants tells us this — and according to his great-grandson Thomas Dunlap Leonard, while serving in that regiment, Robert was at the battle of the Plains of Abraham (the battle of Québec, Thomas D. Leonard calls it) in September 1759. The discharge paper tells us Robert was discharged from the 35th on 24 July of an unnamed year, and states that the discharge occurred at Havana. This tells us he had gone with the 35th to the Caribbean after Québec and Montréal fell and was participating in the British military campaign there. The 35th was in Havana in the summer of 1762, so the 24 July date with the missing year is 24 July 1762.

From July 1762 up to 19 August 1779, when Robert Leonard enlisted in the 7th Maryland Regiment during the Revolutionary war, I find no records at all to document his life. I assume that after his discharge in Havana in July 1762, he returned to Frederick County, Maryland, to rejoin his wife Honor and their children. But I’ve been unable to find documentary proof of that, other than the fact that he had a payment, probably a final one, in March 1763 for his service under Dagworthy. And that payment does not necessarily indicate that he was in Frederick County at the time it was issued.

I never find any land or deed records suggesting to me that Robert owned property in Frederick County. There’s every indication that he was a professional soldier throughout his adult life, and this no doubt meant that he spent his years in Frederick County living in a military garrison, with wife Honor and their children probably living in a rented house nearby. Hagerstown is some eighteen miles east of Fort Frederick, and as I’ve noted previously (here and here), there’s substantial reason to conclude that Robert’s family was probably living in Hagerstown while he was stationed at Fort Frederick.

The first clear record I find indicating that Robert Leonard returned to Frederick County after his discharge from the 35th Regiment of Foot in Havana in July 1762 is his enlistment in the 5th Maryland Regiment under Captain Richard Anderson on 19 August 1779.[1] Robert appears in the DAR’s Patriot Index as a proven Revolutionary ancestor (no. A069340) who served in the 7th Maryland Regiment under Captain Richard Anderson and who died at Camden, Camden District, South Carolina on 16 August 1780 — that is, he died at the battle of Camden.

The information that Robert died at the battle of Camden appears in a power of attorney that his widow Honor, sons Thomas and Robert, and son-in-law Colin Campbell gave to James Irwin of Cumberland County, Pennsylvania, on 12 September 1800 while the Leonard family was living in Pendleton District, South Carolina. This power of attorney, which passed down in the family of Robert’s son Thomas along with Robert’s discharge from the 35th Regiment of Foot, was discussed in a previous posting. The linked posting provides a digital image and transcription of this document.

As the linked posting notes, Robert’s heirs gave Irwin power of attorney as he sought to claim any pay that might still be due for his service in both the French and Indian and Revolutionary Wars. The power of attorney states that Robert served in the “war of 1753” and also “in the Late American war with Britain in the Maryland Ridgiment as Sergeant till killd. in Genl. Gatises Defiat.” As the linked posting states, the statement about “Genl. Gatises Defiat” refers to the battle of Camden, South Carolina, on 16 August 1780 at which American troops led by General Horatio Gates were decisively defeated by the British, with many casualties on the American side.

With this power of attorney, his widow Honor, sons Thomas and Robert, and son-in-law Colin Campbell tell us that Robert Leonard was killed at the battle of Camden on 16 August 1780. The muster roll of Maryland’s 7th Regiment states that he was declared “missing” from 16 August 1780 forward.[2] The muster roll gives Robert the rank of private. The September 1800 power of attorney devised by his heirs says that he served in the Maryland regiment as a sergeant, his rank under Dagworthy and Beall and also in the 35th Regiment of Foot.

The 7th Maryland Regiment was was authorized on 16 September 1776 for service with the Continental Army. It was comprised of eight companies of volunteers drawn for the most part from Frederick and Baltimore Counties.[3] In April 1780, as the British made advances in Georgia and the Carolinas, the 1st American Brigade, which included the 7th Regiment, was reassigned from the Continental Army to the Southern Department under Major General Johann de Kalb.  

Prior to this reassignment, the Maryland line had been sent south under General Lincoln as British generals Clinton and Cornwallis headed for Charleston. The troops marched through New Jersey and Pennsylvania, embarking from the mouth of the Elk River on 3 May 1780 on vessels headed to Petersburg. From there, they began their advance towards Camden.[4]

As this advance took place, leaders of the Continental Army appeared indecisive about how to defend South Carolina against the British. As a result, the Maryland troops were badly provided for during the spring and summer months of 1780, experiencing hunger. On 3 August a small group of Virginia troops joined them, followed on 7 August by some North Carolina troops. On the 13th, 700 militiamen under General Stevens also joined the troops advancing to Camden.[5]  When the battle began on the morning of the 16th, the Maryland troops fought valiantly against great odds, but were decisively defeated by British forces.

The battle of Camden was the first major engagement of the 7th Regiment in the South. Due to strategic blunders Gates made confronting Cornwallis’ forces, it was a rout for American soldiers, with the Maryland Continentals including the 7th Regiment suffering devastating losses: over 300 Maryland Continentals were killed in the battle of Camden with many more captured.[6] In all, the Continentals from various colonies taking part in this battle had 1,900 killed, wounded, or captured.[7] A biography of Richard Heron Anderson, grandson of Robert Leonard’s captain Richard Anderson, states that those wounded at Camden included Richard Anderson.[8] But I suspect the biographer is confusing the battle of Camden with the battle of Guilford courthouse in March 1781 at which Anderson suffered a crippling wound, according to his Revolutionary pension application.[9]

A project sponsored by the South Carolina Battleground Preservation Trust and USC-SCIAA Archaeological Research Trust is currently underway to determine the identity of some of the soldiers buried at the Camden battlefield site. Family History Forensics is managing the DNA analysis for this project, seeking to match DNA recovered from the remains of the exhumed soldiers with DNA of descendants of those killed at the battle of Camden.

I assume that Robert Leonard is buried in an unmarked grave at the site of the battle of Camden. A memorial page has been created for him at Find a Grave’s pages for the Camden Revolutionary War cemetery, which for reasons unknown to me gives him a middle initial, G.[10] I’ve seen no documents anywhere giving Robert Leonard a middle name or middle initial.

In my next and final posting about Robert Leonard, I’ll provide a brief overview of information about his four children William, Thomas, Robert, and Mary.

[1] Archives of Maryland, vol. 18: Muster Rolls and Other Records of Service of Maryland Troops in the American Revolution, ed. Bernard Christian Steiner (Baltimore: Lord Baltimore Press, 1899), p. 225.

[2] Ibid. See also Jane Wallace Alford, Revolutionary War Patriots of Marshall County, Tennessee (Lewisburg, Tennessee: Webb, 1976), p. 117.

[3] See “American Revolutionary War Continental Regiments, 7th Maryland Regiment,” at the American Revolutionary War website; Valley Forge Park Alliance, “7th Maryland Regiment,” at the Valley Forge Legacy site; and “7th Maryland Regiment,” Grokipedia.

[4] Esther Mohr Dole, Maryland During the American Revolution (Fort Wayne: Allen County Public Library, 1980), p. 153.

[5] Ibid., pp. 154-5.

[6] Jim Piecuch, The Battle of Camden: A Documentary History (Charleston: The History Press, 2006); and “Battle of Camden,” Wikipedia.

[7] “Camden | Aug 16, 1780,” at the American Battlefield Trust website.

[8] Walker C. Irvine, The Life of Lieutenant General Richard Heron Anderson of the Confederate States Army (Charleston: Art Publishing, 1917), pp. 11-12.

[9] NARA, Case Files of Pension and Bounty-Land Warrant Applications Based on Revolutionary War Service, compiled ca. 1800 – ca. 1912, documenting the period ca. 1775 – ca. 1900, RG 15, file of Richard Anderson, Maryland, S10059, available digitally at Fold3.

[10] See Find a Grave memorial page for Robert G. Leonard, Camden Revolutionary War cemetery, Camden, Kershaw County, South Carolina, created by Linda Neilson.

The Constitution That Did Not Yet Exist

https://gotunitedstates.wordpress.com/2026/06/09/the-constitution-that-did-not-yet-exist/

Rightly Writing the Right History

Review of the PBS documentary "The American Revolution":

https://tiereddemocraticgovernance.org/blog_details.php?blog_cat_id=21&id=551

#tiereddemocraticgovernance
#americanrevolution #pbs

Rightly Writing the Right History

Review of the PBS documentary "The American Revolution":

https://tiereddemocraticgovernance.org/blog_details.php?blog_cat_id=21&id=551

#tiereddemocraticgovernance
#americanrevolution #pbs

Robert Leonard (bef. 1730 – 1780): Discharge Document from British 35th Regiment of Foot (1762)

Or, Subtitled: “Lennard Serjt in Capt Allen’s Company has served honestly and faithfully”

And now the military discharge document: As my initial posting in this series about Robert Leonard notes, Thomas D. Leonard states in his “Biography of the Leonards,” “His discharge as a soldier of the English Army is yet in existence. It is in the family of Griffith Leonard in Tenn.; and I have seen it.”

The discharge document is extant. It is now in the Southern Historical Collection at University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, to which a Leonard descendant donated it in 1993. In May 2008, Beverly Dean Peoples, a researcher who descends from Gwendolyn James Dean, a sister of Thomas Leonard’s (1752-1832) wife Hannah James,[1] kindly sent me a valuable set of notes about Robert Leonard’s discharge paper after she examined it carefully at Southern Historical Collection.

Beverly’s notes tell me that the document is (or was then) in an oversize folder tagged “Misc. Records” with no contributor or special collection of any kind noted.[2] In the folder were eight documents, none of which seemed related to the other. Robert’s discharge document is pitifully worn and crumbled, according to Beverly — six rectangles of old paper about 4 x 6 inches each sewn together by hand with tiny stitches. It appeared to Beverly that what had been an original discharge document had been folded and had eventually come apart at the folds, so that the pieces were stitched together to reassemble the parts. Even then, most of the edges of the document are gone, Beverly reported, and often big sections of the page were missing.

Beverly noted that the discharge paper has writing on both sides. She offered the following transcript:

Witt: Forbis.

His Majesty’s 35 Regt.

General Charles Otway

These are to certify that ther

Lennard Sergt. In Capt Allen’s Campaign has served honestly and faithfully for the.

And is hereby discharged having been.

During the War.

24th day of July inclusive

at Havana the 5th day.

Robert Leonard Srgt.

In her book Tennessee Phantoms, Audrey Matthews offers both photographic images of the discharge paper (or of a portion of the paper) and the following transcription:[3]

His Majesty’s 35th Regim ⏤          

General Charles Otwayes Co

These are to certify that the ⏤

Lennard Serjt in Capt Allen’s Company

has served honestly and faithfully for ther ⏤

⏤  nd is hereby Discharged Having been

⏤  uns? the War

Within to be just, and to have received

24th Day of July Inclusive

Robert Leneard Serjt

Working with an archivist assisting her at the Southern Historical Collection, Beverly Peoples determined that the discharge papers evidently date from 1760-1764.

So the following important pieces of information may be gleaned from Robert Leonard’s discharge paper:

• He served as a sergeant under Captain Allen in General Charles James Otway’s HM 35th Regiment of Foot.

• He was discharged from this British military unit at Havana on 24 July in a year that appears to fall between 1760-4.

Charles James Otway (1694-1764) was a senior British Army officer who commanded the 35th Regiment of Foot from 1717 until his death in 1764. In April 1756, the 35th Regiment left Ireland, where it was then stationed, for North America for service in the French and Indian War, or as historians often name it, the Seven Years’ War, because the war was a global conflict and not an exclusively North American one.[4] Having landed in New York, the 35th began garrison duties on the northern frontier of the British American colonies, sending detachments to Mobile and up the Mississippi valley. In March 1757, five companies under Lieutenant-Colonel Robert Monro including Captain Richard Allen’s unit marched from Albany toward Fort Edward and Monro assumed command of Fort William Henry.

In August 1757, Fort William Henry fell to French forces under Montcalm and following the surrender of the 35th and other British troops, a massacre occurred in violation of the treaty of surrender, with a number of those in the 35th Regiment among those killed. Soldiers of the 35th then withdrew and re-formed, and in July 1758, took part in the siege and capture of Louisbourg in Nova Scotia. The 35th then played a key role in the battle of Québec in 1759, with the battle of the Plains of Abraham on 13 September 1759 resulting in the capture of Québec by the British.

After Montréal fell following the final and decisive campaign of this North American part of the war between July and September 1760, the 35th, having completed its operations in North America, then took part in a West Indies campaign (1761-2) and was transferred south, taking part in the capture of Martinique in January 1762 and the Spanish stronghold of Havana in the summer of 1762.

Put together the information we can glean from Robert Leonard’s discharge document, the history of HM 35th Regiment of Foot in the period 1756-1762, and Robert Leonard’s documented service on the western Maryland frontier under Dagworthy, and a very interesting picture emerges: as noted previously, we can document that Robert was serving under Dagworthy by 8 February 1755.[5] As I’ll explain in a detail in a subsequent posting focusing on his military service in Maryland, a steady stream of documents then shows Robert continuing to serve Dagworthy’s captain in command at Fort Frederick, Alexander Beall, up to November 1758, when he was discharged from Beall’s military unit. In March 1759, we find Robert witnessing the discharge of another soldier from Beall’s troops, and that may indicate that he was still in Frederick County up to that date before he entered the service of the 35th Regiment and then took part in the Québec campaign in September 1759.

We know from Robert’s discharge paper that he joined Otway’s 35th Regiment and served under Captain Allen in that regiment. We also know from Thomas Dunlap Leonard in his “Biography of the Leonards” that Robert was in the battle of Québec. As we’ve just seen, the pivotal event in that battle took place in the battle of the Plains of Abraham in September 1759, and it can be documented that the 35th, with Allen’s troops included, played an important role in that event. So it appears that by September 1759, Robert Leonard was serving under Otway and Allen.

He was then discharged at Havana — the discharge paper states the place explicitly — on 24 July of an unstated year. Histories of the 35th show it capturing Havana in the summer of 1762. From some point in 1759 through July 1762, then, Robert Leonard served as a sergeant in Captain Richard Allen’s regiment of Otway’s 35th Regiment of Foot. At this point, he evidently returned to his wife Honor and their children in Maryland and then when the American Revolution got underway, it can be documented that he enlisted on 19 August 1779 in Frederick County as a sergeant in Captain John Reynolds’ company of the 7th Maryland Regiment.

Robert Leonard’s discharge document shows a Forbis witnessing the discharge in Havana in July 1762. This was Major William Forbes, who served with the 35th Foot during its campaigns across North America and the Caribbean and was in command of the unit at Pensacola in 1763.

Though one descendant of Robert Leonard has sought to convince me that the man of that name serving as a sergeant at Fort Frederick in the 1750s is a different person than the sergeant who was discharged from the 35th Regiment in July 1762, it’s clear to me that these are the very same man, the Robert Leonard to whose son Thomas and his descendants the military discharge document passed down. Thomas’ grandson Thomas D. Leonard, who would likely have had this information from Thomas and his wife Hannah, explicitly tells us that Robert Leonard was a soldier of the English army in the “War of 1760” who was at the battle of Québec (in 1759), and that he had seen Robert’s discharge paper at the house of Thomas Leonard’s son Griffith James Leonard.

Then in a power of attorney Robert’s widow Honor made with sons Thomas and Robert and son-in-law Colin Campbell in 1800, we’re told that Robert Leonard served as a “Sergeant in the war of 1753” connected to Washington, who was headquartered at Fort Cumberland in 1755 when we have every reason to think Robert Leonard was at that fort serving under Dagworthy. Document after document subsequently places Robert at Fort Frederick after that fort was built in 1756. In these documents as in the discharge document, Robert Leonard has the rank of sergeant, a rank the very same Robert Leonard subsequently held when he joined Maryland troops during the Revolutionary War.

In my next posting, I’ll look closely at the documentation we have for Robert Leonard’s service in the French and Indian War.

[1] See Beverly Dean Peoples and Ralph Terry Dean, Country Cousins: Descendants of Samuel Dean, 2nd ed. (Franklin, North Carolina: Genealogy Publishing Service, 2001),

[2] Working with an archivist, Beverly determined that the discharge paper had been donated to Southern Historical Collection in 1993 by Shirley Leonard of New Mexico.

[3] The Tennessee Phantoms (Prosser, Washington, 1989).

[4] See A.E. Readman, ed., Records of the Royal Sussex Regiment (Chichester: West Sussex County Council, 1985); Richard Trimen, An Historical Memoir of the 35th Royal Sussex Regiment of Foot (Southampton: The Southampton Times Newspaper and Printing and Publishing Co., 1873); Seven Years’ War Journal of the Proceedings of the 35th Regiment of Foot (1757), available digitally at Archive.org; John M. Kitzmiller, In Search of the “Forlorn Hope” (Ogden, Utah: Meridian, 1988); and University of New Brunswick Library, “Muster Books and Pay Lists (WO 12/4949): 35th (Dorsetshire) Regiment of Foot: 1760-61, 1765-1782,” (Great Britain, War Office, PRO WO 12/4949) in The Loyalist Collection.

[5] Frederick County, Maryland, Land Record Bk. E, pp. 659-660.

Robert Leonard (bef. 1730 – 1780): Discharge Document from British 35th Regiment of Foot (1762)

Or, Subtitled: “Lennard Serjt in Capt Allen’s Company has served honestly and faithfully”

And now the military discharge document: As my initial posting in this series about Robert Leonard notes, Thomas D. Leonard states in his “Biography of the Leonards,” “His discharge as a soldier of the English Army is yet in existence. It is in the family of Griffith Leonard in Tenn.; and I have seen it.”

The discharge document is extant. It is now in the Southern Historical Collection at University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, to which a Leonard descendant donated it in 1993. In May 2008, Beverly Dean Peoples, a researcher who descends from Gwendolyn James Dean, a sister of Thomas Leonard’s (1752-1832) wife Hannah James,[1] kindly sent me a valuable set of notes about Robert Leonard’s discharge paper after she examined it carefully at Southern Historical Collection.

Beverly’s notes tell me that the document is (or was then) in an oversize folder tagged “Misc. Records” with no contributor or special collection of any kind noted.[2] In the folder were eight documents, none of which seemed related to the other. Robert’s discharge document is pitifully worn and crumbled, according to Beverly — six rectangles of old paper about 4 x 6 inches each sewn together by hand with tiny stitches. It appeared to Beverly that what had been an original discharge document had been folded and had eventually come apart at the folds, so that the pieces were stitched together to reassemble the parts. Even then, most of the edges of the document are gone, Beverly reported, and often big sections of the page were missing.

Beverly noted that the discharge paper has writing on both sides. She offered the following transcript:

Witt: Forbis.

His Majesty’s 35 Regt.

General Charles Otway

These are to certify that ther

Lennard Sergt. In Capt Allen’s Campaign has served honestly and faithfully for the.

And is hereby discharged having been.

During the War.

24th day of July inclusive

at Havana the 5th day.

Robert Leonard Srgt.

In her book Tennessee Phantoms, Audrey Matthews offers both photographic images of the discharge paper (or of a portion of the paper) and the following transcription:[3]

His Majesty’s 35th Regim ⏤          

General Charles Otwayes Co

These are to certify that the ⏤

Lennard Serjt in Capt Allen’s Company

has served honestly and faithfully for ther ⏤

⏤  nd is hereby Discharged Having been

⏤  uns? the War

Within to be just, and to have received

24th Day of July Inclusive

Robert Leneard Serjt

Working with an archivist assisting her at the Southern Historical Collection, Beverly Peoples determined that the discharge papers evidently date from 1760-1764.

So the following important pieces of information may be gleaned from Robert Leonard’s discharge paper:

• He served as a sergeant under Captain Allen in General Charles James Otway’s HM 35th Regiment of Foot.

• He was discharged from this British military unit at Havana on 24 July in a year that appears to fall between 1760-4.

Charles James Otway (1694-1764) was a senior British Army officer who commanded the 35th Regiment of Foot from 1717 until his death in 1764. In April 1756, the 35th Regiment left Ireland, where it was then stationed, for North America for service in the French and Indian War, or as historians often name it, the Seven Years’ War, because the war was a global conflict and not an exclusively North American one.[4] Having landed in New York, the 35th began garrison duties on the northern frontier of the British American colonies, sending detachments to Mobile and up the Mississippi valley. In March 1757, five companies under Lieutenant-Colonel Robert Monro including Captain Richard Allen’s unit marched from Albany toward Fort Edward and Monro assumed command of Fort William Henry.

In August 1757, Fort William Henry fell to French forces under Montcalm and following the surrender of the 35th and other British troops, a massacre occurred in violation of the treaty of surrender, with a number of those in the 35th Regiment among those killed. Soldiers of the 35th then withdrew and re-formed, and in July 1758, took part in the siege and capture of Louisbourg in Nova Scotia. The 35th then played a key role in the battle of Québec in 1759, with the battle of the Plains of Abraham on 13 September 1759 resulting in the capture of Québec by the British.

After Montréal fell following the final and decisive campaign of this North American part of the war between July and September 1760, the 35th, having completed its operations in North America, then took part in a West Indies campaign (1761-2) and was transferred south, taking part in the capture of Martinique in January 1762 and the Spanish stronghold of Havana in the summer of 1762.

Put together the information we can glean from Robert Leonard’s discharge document, the history of HM 35th Regiment of Foot in the period 1756-1762, and Robert Leonard’s documented service on the western Maryland frontier under Dagworthy, and a very interesting picture emerges: as noted previously, we can document that Robert was serving under Dagworthy by 8 February 1755.[5] As I’ll explain in a detail in a subsequent posting focusing on his military service in Maryland, a steady stream of documents then shows Robert continuing to serve Dagworthy’s captain in command at Fort Frederick, Alexander Beall, up to November 1758, when he was discharged from Beall’s military unit. In March 1759, we find Robert witnessing the discharge of another soldier from Beall’s troops, and that may indicate that he was still in Frederick County up to that date before he entered the service of the 35th Regiment and then took part in the Québec campaign in September 1759.

We know from Robert’s discharge paper that he joined Otway’s 35th Regiment and served under Captain Allen in that regiment. We also know from Thomas Dunlap Leonard in his “Biography of the Leonards” that Robert was in the battle of Québec. As we’ve just seen, the pivotal event in that battle took place in the battle of the Plains of Abraham in September 1759, and it can be documented that the 35th, with Allen’s troops included, played an important role in that event. So it appears that by September 1759, Robert Leonard was serving under Otway and Allen.

He was then discharged at Havana — the discharge paper states the place explicitly — on 24 July of an unstated year. Histories of the 35th show it capturing Havana in the summer of 1762. From some point in 1759 through July 1762, then, Robert Leonard served as a sergeant in Captain Richard Allen’s regiment of Otway’s 35th Regiment of Foot. At this point, he evidently returned to his wife Honor and their children in Maryland and then when the American Revolution got underway, it can be documented that he enlisted on 19 August 1779 in Frederick County as a sergeant in Captain John Reynolds’ company of the 7th Maryland Regiment.

Robert Leonard’s discharge document shows a Forbis witnessing the discharge in Havana in July 1762. This was Major William Forbes, who served with the 35th Foot during its campaigns across North America and the Caribbean and was in command of the unit at Pensacola in 1763.

Though one descendant of Robert Leonard has sought to convince me that the man of that name serving as a sergeant at Fort Frederick in the 1750s is a different person than the sergeant who was discharged from the 35th Regiment in July 1762, it’s clear to me that these are the very same man, the Robert Leonard to whose son Thomas and his descendants the military discharge document passed down. Thomas’ grandson Thomas D. Leonard, who would likely have had this information from Thomas and his wife Hannah, explicitly tells us that Robert Leonard was a soldier of the English army in the “War of 1760” who was at the battle of Québec (in 1759), and that he had seen Robert’s discharge paper at the house of Thomas Leonard’s son Griffith James Leonard.

Then in a power of attorney Robert’s widow Honor made with sons Thomas and Robert and son-in-law Colin Campbell in 1800, we’re told that Robert Leonard served as a “Sergeant in the war of 1753” connected to Washington, who was headquartered at Fort Cumberland in 1755 when we have every reason to think Robert Leonard was at that fort serving under Dagworthy. Document after document subsequently places Robert at Fort Frederick after that fort was built in 1756. In these documents as in the discharge document, Robert Leonard has the rank of sergeant, a rank the very same Robert Leonard subsequently held when he joined Maryland troops during the Revolutionary War.

In my next posting, I’ll look closely at the documentation we have for Robert Leonard’s service in the French and Indian War.

[1] See Beverly Dean Peoples and Ralph Terry Dean, Country Cousins: Descendants of Samuel Dean, 2nd ed. (Franklin, North Carolina: Genealogy Publishing Service, 2001),

[2] Working with an archivist, Beverly determined that the discharge paper had been donated to Southern Historical Collection in 1993 by Shirley Leonard of New Mexico.

[3] The Tennessee Phantoms (Prosser, Washington, 1989).

[4] See A.E. Readman, ed., Records of the Royal Sussex Regiment (Chichester: West Sussex County Council, 1985); Richard Trimen, An Historical Memoir of the 35th Royal Sussex Regiment of Foot (Southampton: The Southampton Times Newspaper and Printing and Publishing Co., 1873); Seven Years’ War Journal of the Proceedings of the 35th Regiment of Foot (1757), available digitally at Archive.org; John M. Kitzmiller, In Search of the “Forlorn Hope” (Ogden, Utah: Meridian, 1988); and University of New Brunswick Library, “Muster Books and Pay Lists (WO 12/4949): 35th (Dorsetshire) Regiment of Foot: 1760-61, 1765-1782,” (Great Britain, War Office, PRO WO 12/4949) in The Loyalist Collection.

[5] Frederick County, Maryland, Land Record Bk. E, pp. 659-660.

The Impossible Story of America’s Birth 🇺🇸📝| Eric Metaxas’s REVOLUTION

- Get Your 🎧 Special Deal and REVOLUTION on Amazon: 👉 https://go.theholisticstate.com/eric-metaxass-revolution

Think you know how America was founded? Think again. Eric Metaxas drops a 600-page epic on the wild heroes, villains, and miracles of the Revolution. #shorts #history

#Shorts #HistoryShorts #1776 #AmericanRevolution #BookTok

The Impossible Story of America’s Birth 🇺🇸📝| Eric Metaxas’s REVOLUTION

- Get Your 🎧 Special Deal and REVOLUTION on Amazon: 👉 https://go.theholisticstate.com/eric-metaxass-revolution

Think you know how America was founded? Think again. Eric Metaxas drops a 600-page epic on the wild heroes, villains, and miracles of the Revolution. #shorts #history

#Shorts #HistoryShorts #1776 #AmericanRevolution #BookTok

Patrick Henry: American Patriot and Orator

Patrick Henry, a prominent figure in American history, is perhaps best known for his iconic declaration, 'Give me liberty or give me death!' This passionate statement, delivered to the Second Virginia Convention in 1775, encapsulates the spirit of the American Revolution and cemented Henry's place as a leading advocate for independence…

#Akerix #PatrickHenry #AmericanRevolution #FoundingFathers
https://akerix.com/on-this-day/05-29-patrick-henry-1736

One of the reasons the 1775-76 American invasion of Canada failed was that the residents of the British colony of Canada set aside their historical grievances and united to defend Quebec City.

French Canadians fought alongside the English-speaking militia and British forces to repel the American invaders. The Americans already held the other two population centres — Montreal and Trois-Rivières. Had they taken and held Quebec City, Canada would have become the 14th colony.

I made this point in my talk tonight at the University of Alberta. It is especially salient given the debate over Alberta separation that is dividing Canada just when Donald Trump wants to make it the 51st state.

My thanks to Andy Knight (L), professor of international relations at the university, and Christina Hamer, PhD (2R) of the Edmonton branch of the Canadian International Council for co-sponsoring my talk, and to Oliver Rossier (R) for his timely assistance!

#hedidnotconquer #canada #books #history #americanrevolution #cdnpoli

One of the reasons the 1775-76 American invasion of Canada failed was that the residents of the British colony of Canada set aside their historical grievances and united to defend Quebec City.

French Canadians fought alongside the English-speaking militia and British forces to repel the American invaders. The Americans already held the other two population centres — Montreal and Trois-Rivières. Had they taken and held Quebec City, Canada would have become the 14th colony.

I made this point in my talk tonight at the University of Alberta. It is especially salient given the debate over Alberta separation that is dividing Canada just when Donald Trump wants to make it the 51st state.

My thanks to Andy Knight (L), professor of international relations at the university, and Christina Hamer, PhD (2R) of the Edmonton branch of the Canadian International Council for co-sponsoring my talk, and to Oliver Rossier (R) for his timely assistance!

#hedidnotconquer #canada #books #history #americanrevolution #cdnpoli

Hidden deeds, quiet betrayals and untold stories of the American Revolution. Discover the covert acts of courage and cunning that never made it into the history books in The Quiet War by Charles Glenn.
#nonfiction #history #americanrevolution #250thAnniversary
https://www.amazon.com/Quiet-War-Untold-American-Revolution-ebook/dp/B0GY869YWB/

Hidden deeds, quiet betrayals and untold stories of the American Revolution. Discover the covert acts of courage and cunning that never made it into the history books in The Quiet War by Charles Glenn.
#nonfiction #history #americanrevolution #250thAnniversary
https://www.amazon.com/Quiet-War-Untold-American-Revolution-ebook/dp/B0GY869YWB/

Who says you can’t have fun while talking about your book? I had a great time this evening discussing Benjamin Franklin’s failure to annex Canada with an informed and engaged Winnipeg audience.

My thanks to Canadian International Council - Winnipeg for organizing the event, George Kolomaya for his impressive communications skills, and Whodunit New And Used Mystery Bookstore for hosting.

#hedidnotconquer #canada #history #books #americanrevolution @dundurnpress

Who says you can’t have fun while talking about your book? I had a great time this evening discussing Benjamin Franklin’s failure to annex Canada with an informed and engaged Winnipeg audience.

My thanks to Canadian International Council - Winnipeg for organizing the event, George Kolomaya for his impressive communications skills, and Whodunit New And Used Mystery Bookstore for hosting.

#hedidnotconquer #canada #history #books #americanrevolution @dundurnpress

Hidden History: This nonbinary minister was a hero of the American Revolution

https://fed.brid.gy/r/https://www.advocate.com/history/nonbinary-minister-hero-american-revolution

The thing that's nice about consuming stuff about the American Revolution is that in any given scenario it is SO EASY to naturally root against the British Empire even when the Americans really suck you're like "but aren't British Imperialism"

#americanrevolution #history #ushistory

The thing that's nice about consuming stuff about the American Revolution is that in any given scenario it is SO EASY to naturally root against the British Empire even when the Americans really suck you're like "but aren't British Imperialism"

#americanrevolution #history #ushistory

Now online - #newspapers published by two women during the #Revolutionary War!

Revolutionary Women: The Women Who Published Newspapers During Our Nation’s Founding | Headlines & Heroes https://blogs.loc.gov/headlinesandheroes/2026/05/revolutionary-women-the-women-who-published-newspapers-during-our-nations-founding/

#history #Americanhistory #AmericanRevolution #womenshistory

Now online - #newspapers published by two women during the #Revolutionary War!

Revolutionary Women: The Women Who Published Newspapers During Our Nation’s Founding | Headlines & Heroes https://blogs.loc.gov/headlinesandheroes/2026/05/revolutionary-women-the-women-who-published-newspapers-during-our-nations-founding/

#history #Americanhistory #AmericanRevolution #womenshistory

Bastille Day celebrations around the world

When a riotous group of revolutionaries stormed Paris’s Bastille prison on July 14, 1789, it was the first true populist uprising in Fr…
#dining #cooking #diet #food #Frenchholidayrecipes #americanrevolution #culturaltourism #foodtourism #francais #france #French #Frenchholidaydishes #historyandcivilization #HolidayDishes #holidayrecipes #Politics #protest #travel #War
https://www.diningandcooking.com/2653169/bastille-day-celebrations-around-the-world/

Bastille Day celebrations around the world

When a riotous group of revolutionaries stormed Paris’s Bastille prison on July 14, 1789, it was the first true populist uprising in Fr…
#dining #cooking #diet #food #Frenchholidayrecipes #americanrevolution #culturaltourism #foodtourism #francais #france #French #Frenchholidaydishes #historyandcivilization #HolidayDishes #holidayrecipes #Politics #protest #travel #War
https://www.diningandcooking.com/2653169/bastille-day-celebrations-around-the-world/

Bastille Day celebrations around the world https://www.diningandcooking.com/2653169/bastille-day-celebrations-around-the-world/ #AmericanRevolution #CulturalTourism #FoodTourism #francais #france #French #FrenchHolidayDishes #FrenchHolidayRecipes #HistoryAndCivilization #HolidayDishes #HolidayRecipes #Politics #protest #travel #War

Bastille Day celebrations around the world https://www.diningandcooking.com/2653169/bastille-day-celebrations-around-the-world/ #AmericanRevolution #CulturalTourism #FoodTourism #francais #france #French #FrenchHolidayDishes #FrenchHolidayRecipes #HistoryAndCivilization #HolidayDishes #HolidayRecipes #Politics #protest #travel #War

It was a pleasure speaking with the knowledgeable Steve Paikin about why events that happened 250 years ago still matter today.

#hedidnotconquer #canada #history #books #americanrevolution

https://youtu.be/71XcY7OgYe8?si=y31spzUXOq7JFWwy

It was a pleasure speaking with the knowledgeable Steve Paikin about why events that happened 250 years ago still matter today.

#hedidnotconquer #canada #history #books #americanrevolution

https://youtu.be/71XcY7OgYe8?si=y31spzUXOq7JFWwy

New book from Eric Metaxas shares the American Revolution's forgotten Christian roots

https://web.brid.gy/r/https://www.theblaze.com/align/new-book-from-eric-metaxas-shares-the-american-revolution-s-forgotten-christian-roots

When Benjamin Franklin fled Montreal for Philadelphia on May 11, his two fellow commissioners remained behind in the hope that they might still be able to salvage the American invasion of Canada and set up a new government. Samuel Chase and Charles Carroll of Carrollton (pictured) soon realized the army sent north by the Continental Congress was incapable of capturing and holding the entire British colony.

“We want words to describe the confusion which prevails through every department relating to the Army,” they said in a letter to the Continental Congress written #OTD May 17, 1776. “Several of your officers appear to us unfit for the stations they fill. Your troops live from hand to mouth; they have of late been put to half allowance in several places; and in some they have been without pork for three or four days past.”

#hedidnotconquer #canada #history #books #americanrevolution @dundurnpress

When Benjamin Franklin fled Montreal for Philadelphia on May 11, his two fellow commissioners remained behind in the hope that they might still be able to salvage the American invasion of Canada and set up a new government. Samuel Chase and Charles Carroll of Carrollton (pictured) soon realized the army sent north by the Continental Congress was incapable of capturing and holding the entire British colony.

“We want words to describe the confusion which prevails through every department relating to the Army,” they said in a letter to the Continental Congress written #OTD May 17, 1776. “Several of your officers appear to us unfit for the stations they fill. Your troops live from hand to mouth; they have of late been put to half allowance in several places; and in some they have been without pork for three or four days past.”

#hedidnotconquer #canada #history #books #americanrevolution @dundurnpress

@autistics

So, let's talk about 1976. At the time, I was in a "special needs" program at a school way bigger than the 2 room village schoolhouse I had been attending. The teachers at the new school encouraged all the students to write essays about the #AmericanRevolution -- the prize being a trip to Philadelphia to participate in the #Bicentennial. I managed to win the contest with a very graphic essay about #GeorgeWashington's troops in #ValleyForge (mentioning the possibility of #cannibalism -- one of my obsessions at the time, along with Zombies). Anyhow, in order to participate in the parade, we had to dress in period clothes. I *insisted* on having a boy-man's uniform (which I made in a very public interview with the local press), and I got my way! And marched with the boys/men, with the fife and drum squad and flag bearers (I played the flute). Unfortunately, I was there by myself, with no family to take photos of me. But here's a photo of the group I was part of. And bonus... I got to spend the night at Valley Forge, telling my tales of Revolutionary cannibalism!

#AmericanRevolution #Reenactment #GenderFluidity #GenderFluid #BornThisWay #ActuallyAutistic #HistoryGeek #ZombieGeek

@autistics

So, let's talk about 1976. At the time, I was in a "special needs" program at a school way bigger than the 2 room village schoolhouse I had been attending. The teachers at the new school encouraged all the students to write essays about the #AmericanRevolution -- the prize being a trip to Philadelphia to participate in the #Bicentennial. I managed to win the contest with a very graphic essay about #GeorgeWashington's troops in #ValleyForge (mentioning the possibility of #cannibalism -- one of my obsessions at the time, along with Zombies). Anyhow, in order to participate in the parade, we had to dress in period clothes. I *insisted* on having a boy-man's uniform (which I made in a very public interview with the local press), and I got my way! And marched with the boys/men, with the fife and drum squad and flag bearers (I played the flute). Unfortunately, I was there by myself, with no family to take photos of me. But here's a photo of the group I was part of. And bonus... I got to spend the night at Valley Forge, telling my tales of Revolutionary cannibalism!

#AmericanRevolution #Reenactment #GenderFluidity #GenderFluid #BornThisWay #ActuallyAutistic #HistoryGeek #ZombieGeek

Guy Carleton, British governor of the colony of Canada, showed mercy to American invaders when they abandoned their siege of Quebec City on May 6 and fled into the woods.

#OTD May 10, 1776, he instructed the militia to search for these “deluded subjects,” who were likely suffering from wounds and were “in great danger of perishing for want of proper assistance.”

“Afford them all necessary relief and convey them to the general hospital, where proper care shall be taken of them,” he proclaimed.

“And lest a consciousness of past offences should deter such miserable wretches from receiving that assistance which their distressed system may require, I hereby make known to them, that as soon as their health is restored they shall have free liberty to return to their respective provinces.”

#hedidnotconquer #canada #history #books #quebec #americanrevolution

Guy Carleton, British governor of the colony of Canada, showed mercy to American invaders when they abandoned their siege of Quebec City on May 6 and fled into the woods.

#OTD May 10, 1776, he instructed the militia to search for these “deluded subjects,” who were likely suffering from wounds and were “in great danger of perishing for want of proper assistance.”

“Afford them all necessary relief and convey them to the general hospital, where proper care shall be taken of them,” he proclaimed.

“And lest a consciousness of past offences should deter such miserable wretches from receiving that assistance which their distressed system may require, I hereby make known to them, that as soon as their health is restored they shall have free liberty to return to their respective provinces.”

#hedidnotconquer #canada #history #books #quebec #americanrevolution

Stanbridge East lies close to the path American invaders took in 1775 as they fought their way to Montreal — and their hasty exit in 1776.

It was delightful to talk to current residents yesterday at the Missisquoi Museum. Among the museum’s exhibits is a British military uniform worn by a loyalist in the American Revolution.

My thanks to Rosemary Wagner (left), the museum board and staff, and the residents for a great evening!

#hedidnotconquer #canada #history #books #americanrevolution

Stanbridge East lies close to the path American invaders took in 1775 as they fought their way to Montreal — and their hasty exit in 1776.

It was delightful to talk to current residents yesterday at the Missisquoi Museum. Among the museum’s exhibits is a British military uniform worn by a loyalist in the American Revolution.

My thanks to Rosemary Wagner (left), the museum board and staff, and the residents for a great evening!

#hedidnotconquer #canada #history #books #americanrevolution

Holdfast: American Revolution launches June 11 as a free expansion for Holdfast: Nations At War, bringing the American War of Independence into Anvil Game Studios’ chaotic historical multiplayer shooter.

#Holdfast #HoldfastNationsAtWar #AmericanRevolution #IndieGames #GamingNews #MultiplayerGames

https://www.fixgamingchannel.com/holdfast-american-revolution-free-expansion-releases-june-11/?utm_source=mastodon&utm_medium=jetpack_social

Will the next revolution start in Canada?

I wrote about the similarities between Canadians today and American colonists prior to the revolution.

There are more than you think.

#hedidnotconquer #canada #history #americanrevolution

https://opencanada.org/should-canadians-resist-surrender-or-rebel-against-trump-the-american-revolution-provides-some-guidance/

Will the next revolution start in Canada?

I wrote about the similarities between Canadians today and American colonists prior to the revolution.

There are more than you think.

#hedidnotconquer #canada #history #americanrevolution

https://opencanada.org/should-canadians-resist-surrender-or-rebel-against-trump-the-american-revolution-provides-some-guidance/

Many books delve into the writing or ratifying of the Declaration of Independence; one historian examines the swirl of information in 1776 that changed people’s lives. Colonists made life-or-death decisions based on accurate and inaccurate reports, gossip, and speculation. #AmericanRevolution #250th #1776

https://www.csmonitor.com/Arts-Culture/Books/2026/0504/declaration-of-independence-news-emily-sneff?utm_source=flipboard&utm_medium=activitypub

Posted into START A CONVERSATION! @start-a-conversation-csmonitor

Google celebrates America’s 250th anniversary with AI-driven history experience

https://fed.brid.gy/r/https://nerds.xyz/2026/05/google-america-250/

On the 250th anniversary of the American Revolution, Christopher Reid writes its history from below and centres the standpoints of the Black Americans and indigenous peoples that influenced its development.

https://interregnum.ghost.io/may-day-special-the-american-revolution-race-rebellion-and-a-new-imperial-nation/

#USHistory #History #HistoryFromBelow #radicalhistory #usa #America #americanrevolution

SteveStrummer, Women's March on Versailles002, Added background color and foreground text "Give us liberty, and give us bread." by The Clementine Compendium, CC BY-SA 4.0

WOKE LIBERAL GEORGE WASHINGTON IS UNAMERICAN, PASS IT ON

https://piefed.social/c/political_memes/p/2012842/woke-liberal-george-washington-is-unamerican-pass-it-on

WOKE LIBERAL GEORGE WASHINGTON IS UNAMERICAN, PASS IT ON

https://piefed.social/c/noncredibledefense/p/2012841/woke-liberal-george-washington-is-unamerican-pass-it-on

WOKE LIBERAL GEORGE WASHINGTON IS UNAMERICAN, PASS IT ON

https://piefed.social/c/historymemes/p/2012838/woke-liberal-george-washington-is-unamerican-pass-it-on

Still good Union boys left in West Virginia! PRAISE MOTHMAN!

https://piefed.social/c/shermanposting/p/2010084/still-good-union-boys-left-in-west-virginia-praise-mothman