#sierranevada β Public Fediverse posts
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TomΓ‘s VillΓ©n RoldΓ‘n naciΓ³ en 1907 en el pequeΓ±o municipio de Castell de Ferro, en la costa de Granada.
VenΓa de una familia humilde, como prΓ‘cticamente toda la gente de aquella AndalucΓa rural de principios del siglo XX, donde el hambre, el trabajo fΓsico y las diferencias entre ricos y pobres marcaban la vida desde la infancia.No creciΓ³ rodeado de estudios ni privilegios.
Apenas tuvo educaciΓ³n formal.
Su mundo era el del campo, los jornaleros y las temporadas malas donde una familia podΓa quedarse sin trabajo de un dΓa para otro.
Aquella generaciΓ³n aprendiΓ³ antes a sobrevivir que a leer.Con el tiempo terminΓ³ trabajando como campesino y mΓ‘s adelante como minero en las explotaciones de hierro de Alquife, una de las zonas mineras mΓ‘s duras de Granada.
AllΓ empezΓ³ a entrar en contacto con ideas sindicales y movimientos obreros.
Como muchos trabajadores de la Γ©poca, veΓa cΓ³mo unos pocos controlaban la tierra y el dinero mientras la mayorΓa vivΓa encadenada a salarios miserables.En esos aΓ±os EspaΓ±a era un paΓs tremendamente desigual.
Para entender a TomΓ‘s VillΓ©n hay que entender eso primero.
No aparece de la nada convertido en guerrillero.
Sale de una AndalucΓa donde muchΓsima gente acumulaba rabia social desde hacΓa generaciones.Durante la Segunda RepΓΊblica se acercΓ³ a ambientes de izquierdas y acabΓ³ vinculado al Partido Comunista.
Cuando estallΓ³ la Guerra Civil en 1936, tomΓ³ partido por la RepΓΊblica y combatiΓ³ del lado republicano contra las tropas sublevadas de Franco.La guerra destrozΓ³ completamente el paΓs.
Cuando Franco ganΓ³ en 1939, miles de republicanos fueron encarcelados, ejecutados o perseguidos.
Otros huyeron al exilio.
Y algunos decidieron esconderse en las montaΓ±as y seguir luchando.
AhΓ nacieron los maquis.TomΓ‘s VillΓ©n terminΓ³ convirtiΓ©ndose en uno de los mΓ‘s conocidos de AndalucΓa.
Su apodo era βCencerroβ, aunque todavΓa hoy no estΓ‘ del todo claro de dΓ³nde saliΓ³ exactamente el mote.
Algunos dicen que venΓa de su manera de moverse constantemente por la sierra, otros de antiguas bromas relacionadas con ganado y pastoreo.Lo cierto es que el nombre acabΓ³ convirtiΓ©ndose casi en leyenda.
Cencerro conocΓa Sierra Nevada y las sierras granadinas como muy poca gente.
SabΓa esconderse, moverse de noche y aprovechar barrancos, cuevas y caminos rurales.
Su grupo actuaba sobre todo entre Granada, MΓ‘laga y AlmerΓa.Al principio muchos maquis se veΓan a sΓ mismos como resistentes antifranquistas.
CreΓan que despuΓ©s de la Segunda Guerra Mundial las potencias aliadas acabarΓan interviniendo tambiΓ©n contra Franco.
Pensaban que resistiendo unos aΓ±os mΓ‘s podrΓa llegar otra guerra.Pero esa ayuda nunca llegΓ³.
Y ahΓ empezΓ³ la parte mΓ‘s oscura.
Con el paso del tiempo, la vida de los maquis se volviΓ³ brutal.
VivΓan escondidos, perseguidos constantemente y dependiendo de enlaces clandestinos que les llevaban comida o informaciΓ³n.
La Guardia Civil presionaba duramente a cualquier familia sospechosa de colaborar con ellos.
Hubo torturas, detenciones y ejecuciones por ambos lados.Y los grupos guerrilleros tambiΓ©n empezaron a endurecerse.
Se produjeron secuestros, robos, extorsiones y asesinatos.
Algunos maquis seguΓan viΓ©ndose como combatientes polΓticos.
Otros acabaron funcionando casi como bandas armadas intentando sobrevivir a cualquier precio.AhΓ es donde la figura de Cencerro se vuelve incΓ³moda y contradictoria.
Para algunas familias fue un resistente antifranquista que luchΓ³ contra una dictadura durΓsima en una Γ©poca donde disentir podΓa costarte la vida.
Para otras, fue un hombre peligroso responsable de violencia, amenazas y muertes.Las dos visiones conviven todavΓa hoy.
Hay testimonios que hablan de Γ©l como alguien carismΓ‘tico, astuto y capaz de ganarse apoyos entre campesinos pobres.
Otros lo describen como desconfiado, endurecido y cada vez mΓ‘s violento con el paso de los aΓ±os.La montaΓ±a transforma mucho a las personas.
Vivir durante aΓ±os huyendo, durmiendo escondido y sabiendo que podΓan matarte en cualquier momento terminaba creando hombres muy distintos de los que habΓan empezado la guerra.
Sobre su vida sentimental se sabe poco y muchas veces mezclado con rumores.
SΓ tuvo relaciones y personas cercanas dentro de la red de apoyo guerrillera, pero la clandestinidad hacΓa casi imposible mantener una vida familiar normal.
Las parejas de los maquis tambiΓ©n sufrΓan vigilancia constante y podΓan acabar detenidas simplemente por conocerlos.La Guardia Civil convirtiΓ³ la captura de Cencerro en una prioridad.
Durante aΓ±os consiguiΓ³ escapar una y otra vez.
Su fama creciΓ³ precisamente porque parecΓa imposible atraparlo.
Eso ayudΓ³ a construir la leyenda: el guerrillero que conocΓa la sierra mejor que nadie y desaparecΓa antes de cada redada.Pero como ocurre muchas veces en estas historias, el final llegΓ³ mΓ‘s por traiciΓ³n y agotamiento que por un gran enfrentamiento heroico.
TomΓ‘s VillΓ©n RoldΓ‘n muriΓ³ en 1949.
Las versiones sobre su muerte cambian segΓΊn quiΓ©n la cuente, pero la mΓ‘s aceptada seΓ±ala que fue localizado gracias a infiltraciones y delaciones dentro del entorno guerrillero.
La presiΓ³n sobre familiares y colaboradores era enorme y las redes clandestinas estaban cada vez mΓ‘s debilitadas.Cuando muriΓ³, el movimiento maqui andaluz ya estaba prΓ‘cticamente condenado.
Franco habΓa consolidado el poder y la esperanza de una intervenciΓ³n internacional desaparecΓa.DespuΓ©s vino el silencio.
Durante dΓ©cadas apenas se hablΓ³ pΓΊblicamente de los maquis en EspaΓ±a.
Para el franquismo eran simples bandoleros y criminales.
Para muchas familias republicanas eran fantasmas incΓ³modos que recordaban heridas abiertas.Y asΓ naciΓ³ parte del mito de Cencerro.
Entre el guerrillero polΓtico y el bandido de montaΓ±a.
Entre el resistente y el hombre endurecido por la violencia.
Entre la memoria y la leyenda.
Porque la posguerra espaΓ±ola casi nunca deja personajes completamente limpios.
Deja personas atrapadas dentro de uno de los periodos mΓ‘s salvajes y desesperados de la historia del paΓs.Y TomΓ‘s VillΓ©n RoldΓ‘n fue exactamente eso.
Un hombre de la sierra, de la guerra y de un tiempo donde sobrevivir ya era una forma de violencia.
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#historia #maquis #cencerro #granada #sierranevada #guerracivil #posguerra #andalucia #historiasreales #memoriahistorica #curiosidades #historiaespaΓ±a #franquismo #bandoleros
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βTuolumne River, Duskβ β Dusk light on the Tuolumne River and Meadow, Lembert Dome, and the Sierra crest.
Photographing in the morning and evening twilight can be a bit of a crapshoot. The light can be soft yet intensely colorful⦠or it can simply fade away to gray. Familiarity with the patterns of clouds and light can improve the odds, but you still have to head out there and take advantage of whatever happens. That was my plan on this late-August evening when thin clouds stretched across the sky, presenting the possibility of colorful light.
continue: https://gdanmitchell.com/2026/09/10/tuolumne-river-dusk/
#sierranevada #yosemite #photo #photography #photoOfTheDay #lensCulture #landscapePhotography #photographyLovers #naturePhotography #fineArtPhotography #nature
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βTuolumne River, Duskβ β Dusk light on the Tuolumne River and Meadow, Lembert Dome, and the Sierra crest.
Photographing in the morning and evening twilight can be a bit of a crapshoot. The light can be soft yet intensely colorful⦠or it can simply fade away to gray. Familiarity with the patterns of clouds and light can improve the odds, but you still have to head out there and take advantage of whatever happens. That was my plan on this late-August evening when thin clouds stretched across the sky, presenting the possibility of colorful light.
continue: https://gdanmitchell.com/2026/09/10/tuolumne-river-dusk/
#sierranevada #yosemite #photo #photography #photoOfTheDay #lensCulture #landscapePhotography #photographyLovers #naturePhotography #fineArtPhotography #nature
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βTuolumne River, Duskβ β Dusk light on the Tuolumne River and Meadow, Lembert Dome, and the Sierra crest.
Photographing in the morning and evening twilight can be a bit of a crapshoot. The light can be soft yet intensely colorful⦠or it can simply fade away to gray. Familiarity with the patterns of clouds and light can improve the odds, but you still have to head out there and take advantage of whatever happens. That was my plan on this late-August evening when thin clouds stretched across the sky, presenting the possibility of colorful light.
continue: https://gdanmitchell.com/2026/09/10/tuolumne-river-dusk/
#sierranevada #yosemite #photo #photography #photoOfTheDay #lensCulture #landscapePhotography #photographyLovers #naturePhotography #fineArtPhotography #nature
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βTuolumne River, Duskβ β Dusk light on the Tuolumne River and Meadow, Lembert Dome, and the Sierra crest.
Photographing in the morning and evening twilight can be a bit of a crapshoot. The light can be soft yet intensely colorful⦠or it can simply fade away to gray. Familiarity with the patterns of clouds and light can improve the odds, but you still have to head out there and take advantage of whatever happens. That was my plan on this late-August evening when thin clouds stretched across the sky, presenting the possibility of colorful light.
continue: https://gdanmitchell.com/2026/09/10/tuolumne-river-dusk/
#sierranevada #yosemite #photo #photography #photoOfTheDay #lensCulture #landscapePhotography #photographyLovers #naturePhotography #fineArtPhotography #nature
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βTuolumne River, Duskβ β Dusk light on the Tuolumne River and Meadow, Lembert Dome, and the Sierra crest.
Photographing in the morning and evening twilight can be a bit of a crapshoot. The light can be soft yet intensely colorful⦠or it can simply fade away to gray. Familiarity with the patterns of clouds and light can improve the odds, but you still have to head out there and take advantage of whatever happens. That was my plan on this late-August evening when thin clouds stretched across the sky, presenting the possibility of colorful light.
continue: https://gdanmitchell.com/2026/09/10/tuolumne-river-dusk/
#sierranevada #yosemite #photo #photography #photoOfTheDay #lensCulture #landscapePhotography #photographyLovers #naturePhotography #fineArtPhotography #nature
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Nothing clears the mind better than a day at Lake Tahoe.
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2nd #AtmosphericRiver to flood #California with firehose of rain into Christmas
#HeavyRain and #flooding problems experienced in the #Northwest in recent weeks from atmospheric rivers will shift farther south into California through Christmas Day with major travel disruptions and safety concerns.
By Alex Sosnowski, AccuWeather senior meteorologist
Published Dec 21, 2025
"Two main atmospheric rivers will force copious amounts of #Pacific moisture into #California this week. Heavy rain with incidents of flooding, washouts and mudslides will expand and shift from north to south over the state, leading to travel disruptions at the very least and posing some risk to lives and property in extreme cases. The #SierraNevada will receive many feet of snow as freezing levels lower through the week and the region is affected by both atmospheric rivers.
"The storms are hitting at a busy time of the year, with many traveling short and long distances, running errands and planning outdoor activities.
"The first atmospheric river was already in progress and will continue to focus on Northern to Central California into Wednesday. A second atmospheric river is forecast to develop and concentrate on Central and Southern California from Tuesday night through Christmas Day. But even beyond Christmas, lingering moisture will lead to additional rounds of showers and mountain snow, according to AccuWeather.
"Through Wednesday, much of the #Sacramento Valley and the #SanFrancisco Bay region will receive 2-4 inches of rain with locally higher amounts. The anticipated rainfall for San Francisco in the stormy pattern into next weekend will bring from one to two times the historical average for December.
"On the west- and southwest-facing mountainsides of the Coast Ranges and the Sierra Nevada, 4-12 inches of rain will pour down with an AccuWeather Local StormMaxβ’ of 20 inches.
"At times, multiple inches of rain can fall in a matter of hours, overwhelming storm drains and causing small streams and short rivers to quickly overflow their banks. As the ground becomes saturated, the risk of debris flows, road washouts and hillside collapses will increase substantially.
"From Tuesday night to early Friday, the second atmospheric river will spray rain of varying intensity throughout Central and Southern California.
"A general 4-6 inches of rain is forecast to fall on the Los Angeles basin. Downtown, L.A. had seven times its historical average monthly rainfall for November with 5.53 inches. While no rain has fallen so far in L.A. this month, from two to three times December's average rainfall of 2.48 inches may occur with the stormy pattern from Tuesday to Saturday.
"On the southwest-facing hillsides of the Transverse Ranges, 6-12 inches will pour down with an AccuWeather Local StormMaxβ’ of 16 inches. Even in many desert areas of Southeastern California, between 0.25 of an inch to 1 inch of rain is expected to fall.
"Just as with the first atmospheric river up north, rain will be drenching, leading to rapid urban flooding and flooding of small streams and short-run rivers, along with mudslides, washouts and the potential for hillside slides in Southern California. "
#ClimateChange #AtmosphericRivers #ExtremeWeather #ExtremeRain #Landslides #Flooding #ExtremeWx
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Deep Beneath California's Sierra Nevada, Earth's Lithosphere May Be Peeling Away
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https://phys.org/news/2025-01-deep-beneath-california-sierra-nevada.html <-- shared technical article
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https://doi.org/10.1029/2024GL111290 <-- shared paper
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#GIS #spatial #mapping #geology #lithosphere #California #SierraNevada #continentalcrust #crust #mantle #foundering #remotesensing #geophysics #geophysical #earthquake #spatialanalysis #spatiotemporal #structuralgeology #earthquake #seismic #seismology #Moho #platetectonics #tectonics #shearzone #faults #faulting #seismicity #model #modeling #3dmodel -
What's going on in #IndianCountry?!!
Joy Rides into the Stratosphere, and #MilitaryIntelligence: Helium Balloons over #Navajo and #Lakota Nations, Indian Country
"#WorldView also announced a partnership with the military defense contractor #SierraNevada for intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance, for the U.S. military using its balloons. One of these balloon flights was for the U.K. defense department in the Grand Canyon."
By #BrendaNorrell, #CensoredNews, Sept. 5, 2024
"Joy rides into the stratosphere, and military surveillance, are two of the purposes for the helium balloons over the #NavajoNation, #LakotaNations in #SouthDakota, and most of Indian country, according to the owners of the helium balloons.
"#TheGuardian exposed the helium balloons #spying platforms and the #ACLU in South Dakota warned of this #surveillance. The balloons are capable of video recording vehicles traveling to #protests, and can reveal where the vehicles arrived from. It's spying without a warrant.
"The balloon owners, Aerostar and World View, have U.S. military contracts for recovering payloads, as was the case with World View's experimental payload recovery in the #GrandCanyon for England's defense department. These balloons can also carry out ground surveys.
"Aerostar is based near #SiouxFalls, South Dakota, and World View is headquartered in Tucson, Arizona."
Read more:
https://bsnorrell.blogspot.com/2024/09/joy-rides-into-stratosphere-and.html#WarrantlessSpying #NativeAmericanActivists #AntiProtestLaws #BigMining #ClimateActivists #HumanRights #ClimateJustice #Environment #AntiProtest #MilitaryIndustrialComplex #SpyBalloons
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Some of the erosion from the latest atmospheric river storm. This used to be a flat dirt road from the valley floor to the top of Mustang Mesa (just south of the petroglyph rock, for those who are familiar with the area). #mustangmesa #erosion #atmospheric_river #californa #californiastormdamage #owensvalley #sierranevada
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The Golden eagle is an almost daily sight for me here in Lanjaron in the Granada province. Our work predominantly in the Sierra Nevada mountains of Spain and Alpujarra (the foothills of the Sierra Nevada) bring me into regular contact with the flora and fauna of our area.
#goldeneagle #birds #birdphotography #andalucia #Spain #aguilareal #sierranevada #photography #eagles #alpujarras #lanjaron -
Polar air has marched it's way to southern Spain, even dropping some precipitation along the way. We went to take some photo's #Lanjaron showing the snowy Sierra Nevada #mountains above. Our usual place for this shot took us into an area that was devastated by wildfire in September last year. It was horrifying to watch then, It was horrifying to wander through today. The loss of wildlife, nature & livelihoods is beyond words.
#photography #wildfire #alpujarras #andalucia #sierranevada