#cybernetics — Public Fediverse posts

Deze week hebben we Brain of the Firm afgerond met het bespreken van hoofdstukken 18, 19 en 20. Daarmee hebben we nu ook een mijlpaaltje aangetikt sinds onze eerste sessie twee jaar geleden!

Volgende maand beginnen met The Heart of Enterprise. Wil je meedoen? Meld je aan, door bijvoorbeeld te reageren op deze post, of anders een email te sturen naar info [at] cybernetica [punt] nu.

#Cybernetics #Communisme

https://tube.linkse.media/w/1kBEPNrEgJbehs6PzsodTp

Having now finished Brain of the Firm, I’m extra saddened with the fall of the Allende government, today in 1973.

Incredible things were achieved in project Cybersyn, with extremely limited means, only to be destroyed by the Pinochet junta.

#NineEleven #Cybernetics #Communism

Hej, just got my conformation from the @datenspuren :awesome:

My talk "Every breath you take: Why real name registration is not for a better web but a better surveillance" will be at 18.09.2026 16:00–16:45, Henny-Brenner-Saal see you in Dresden!
And thanks to all the folks organizing the event 💓

https://talks.datenspuren.de/ds26/talk/NTAWEX/
#tech #surveillance #wsocial #realnameregistration #klarnamenpflicht #socialmedia #socialnetwork #cybernetics #tescreal

@johncarlosbaez @maxpool
Interesting! Formal description of the martial perspective of this (I think perhaps a closely related) system is largely attributed to Kurt von Hammerstein-Equord.

> I distinguish four types. There are clever, hardworking, stupid, and lazy officers. Usually two characteristics are combined. Some are clever and hardworking; their place is the General Staff. The next ones are stupid and lazy; they make up 90 percent of every army and are suited to routine duties. Anyone who is both clever and lazy is qualified for the highest leadership duties, because he possesses the mental clarity and strength of nerve necessary for difficult decisions. One must beware of anyone who is both stupid and hardworking; he must not be entrusted with any responsibility because he will always only cause damage.

https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Kurt_von_Hammerstein-Equord

#Mathematics #Math #Maths #military #martial #staffCollege #geopolitics #systems #systemsArchitecture #psychology #cybernetics #leadership

@clickhere @Natasha_Jay
;)

#library #cybernetics #computing #physiology #life #systemsArchitecture #librarians #deweyDecimal

On Saturday, June 13th we're excited to host a virtual event with Ian Alan Paul, author of the recently published book "The Reticular Society" (PM Press, 2026). Joined by scholar Andrew Culp, Ian will reflect on the networked reorganization of capitalist society, the diverse ways digital technologies have invaded and imposed their shape upon everyday life, and what forms of revolt might remain possible against the suffocating flows of our online world.

Register for the event and find your copy of "The Reticular Society" at https://firestorm.coop/events/3617-the-networked-colonization-of-everyday-life.html . Can't join the conversation live? Sign up anyway and we'll send you the recording to stream at your convenience.

This event is organized in collaboration with @pmpress as part of their All We Have Is Each Other Speaker Series.

#TechnoFascism #Cybernetics #Situationist #IanAlanPaul #FeministBookstore FirestormCoop (- L)

On Saturday, June 13th we're excited to host a virtual event with Ian Alan Paul, author of the recently published book "The Reticular Society" (PM Press, 2026). Joined by scholar Andrew Culp, Ian will reflect on the networked reorganization of capitalist society, the diverse ways digital technologies have invaded and imposed their shape upon everyday life, and what forms of revolt might remain possible against the suffocating flows of our online world.

Register for the event and find your copy of "The Reticular Society" at https://firestorm.coop/events/3617-the-networked-colonization-of-everyday-life.html . Can't join the conversation live? Sign up anyway and we'll send you the recording to stream at your convenience.

This event is organized in collaboration with @pmpress as part of their All We Have Is Each Other Speaker Series.

#TechnoFascism #Cybernetics #Situationist #IanAlanPaul #FeministBookstore FirestormCoop (- L)

On Saturday, June 13th we're excited to host a virtual event with Ian Alan Paul, author of the recently published book "The Reticular Society" (PM Press, 2026). Joined by scholar Andrew Culp, Ian will reflect on the networked reorganization of capitalist society, the diverse ways digital technologies have invaded and imposed their shape upon everyday life, and what forms of revolt might remain possible against the suffocating flows of our online world.

Register for the event and find your copy of "The Reticular Society" at https://firestorm.coop/events/3617-the-networked-colonization-of-everyday-life.html . Can't join the conversation live? Sign up anyway and we'll send you the recording to stream at your convenience.

This event is organized in collaboration with @pmpress as part of their All We Have Is Each Other Speaker Series.

#TechnoFascism #Cybernetics #Situationist #IanAlanPaul #FeministBookstore FirestormCoop (- L)

On Saturday, June 13th we're excited to host a virtual event with Ian Alan Paul, author of the recently published book "The Reticular Society" (PM Press, 2026). Joined by scholar Andrew Culp, Ian will reflect on the networked reorganization of capitalist society, the diverse ways digital technologies have invaded and imposed their shape upon everyday life, and what forms of revolt might remain possible against the suffocating flows of our online world.

Register for the event and find your copy of "The Reticular Society" at https://firestorm.coop/events/3617-the-networked-colonization-of-everyday-life.html . Can't join the conversation live? Sign up anyway and we'll send you the recording to stream at your convenience.

This event is organized in collaboration with @pmpress as part of their All We Have Is Each Other Speaker Series.

#TechnoFascism #Cybernetics #Situationist #IanAlanPaul #FeministBookstore FirestormCoop (- L)

On Saturday, June 13th we're excited to host a virtual event with Ian Alan Paul, author of the recently published book "The Reticular Society" (PM Press, 2026). Joined by scholar Andrew Culp, Ian will reflect on the networked reorganization of capitalist society, the diverse ways digital technologies have invaded and imposed their shape upon everyday life, and what forms of revolt might remain possible against the suffocating flows of our online world.

Register for the event and find your copy of "The Reticular Society" at https://firestorm.coop/events/3617-the-networked-colonization-of-everyday-life.html . Can't join the conversation live? Sign up anyway and we'll send you the recording to stream at your convenience.

This event is organized in collaboration with @pmpress as part of their All We Have Is Each Other Speaker Series.

#TechnoFascism #Cybernetics #Situationist #IanAlanPaul #FeministBookstore FirestormCoop (- L)

Die folgende Arbeit entwickelt den borromäischen Knoten als Denkfigur für ein rotierendes Zusammenspiel von drei Registern in einer selbstreflexiven, dreiwertigen, paradoxen Logik mit drei involutiven Negationsoperatoren.

#psychology #lacan #polykontextualitat #polykontextural #logic #reflection #philosophy #ai #ki #paradox #Paradoxien #logik #semiotik #semiotic #semiotics #cybernetics #kybernetik #semioticsystem #cybernetic #kybernetiker #kybernethik

https://infosophia.eu/Borromaeische-Logik.pdf

@Doomed_Daniel @ainmosni
You guys would like the Japanese approach which I've read is exactly what you describe. W Edwards Deming describes it in his books. https://deming.org/books/

#Deming #Cybernetics #FeedbackLoops #SystemsArchitecture #Japan #Japanese

@valthonis I'd submit that it's technically an old world order. I think the system will probably oscillate between the two forms of order at different rates in different territories, albeit over timescales longer than human lifespan. I believe control systems engineers and physiologists call it "hunting behaviour". The tricky thing is the wars that come as one entity wants to wrest power from another. #systemsArchitecture #cybernetics #controlTheory #rayDalio

Differential Logic • 18

Tangent and Remainder Maps

If we follow the classical line which singles out linear functions as ideals of simplicity then we may complete the analytic series of the proposition in the following way.

The next venn diagram shows the differential proposition we get by extracting the linear approximation to the difference map at each cell or point of the universe   What results is the logical analogue of what would ordinarily be called the differential of but since the adjective differential is being attached to just about everything in sight the alternative name tangent map is commonly used for whenever it’s necessary to single it out.

To be clear about what’s being indicated here, it’s a visual way of summarizing the following data.

To understand the extended interpretations, that is, the conjunctions of basic and differential features which are being indicated here, it may help to note the following equivalences.

Capping the analysis of the proposition in terms of succeeding orders of linear propositions, the final venn diagram of the series shows the remainder map which happens to be linear in pairs of variables.

Reading the arrows off the map produces the following data.

In short, is a constant field, having the value at each cell.

Resources

• Logic Syllabus
• Minimal Negation Operator
• Survey of Differential Logic
• Survey of Animated Logical Graphs

cc: Academia.edu • Cybernetics • Laws of Form • Mathstodon (1) (2)
cc: Research Gate • Structural Modeling • Systems Science • Syscoi

Differential Logic • 17

Enlargement and Difference Maps

Continuing with the example the following venn diagram shows the enlargement or shift map in the same style of field picture we drew for the tacit extension

A very important conceptual transition has just occurred here, almost tacitly, as it were.  Generally speaking, having a set of mathematical objects of compatible types, in this case the two differential fields and both of the type is very useful, because it allows us to consider those fields as integral mathematical objects which can be operated on and combined in the ways we usually associate with algebras.

In the present case one notices the tacit extension and the enlargement are in a sense dual to each other.  The tacit extension indicates all the arrows out of the region where is true and the enlargement indicates all the arrows into the region where is true.  The only arc they have in common is the no‑change loop at   If we add the two sets of arcs in mod 2 fashion then the loop of multiplicity 2 zeroes out, leaving the 6 arrows of shown in the following venn diagram.

Resources

• Logic Syllabus
• Minimal Negation Operator
• Survey of Differential Logic
• Survey of Animated Logical Graphs

cc: Academia.edu • Cybernetics • Laws of Form • Mathstodon (1) (2)
cc: Research Gate • Structural Modeling • Systems Science • Syscoi

Differential Logic • 15

Differential Fields

The structure of a differential field may be described as follows.  With each point of there is associated an object of the following type:  a proposition about changes in that is, a proposition   In that frame of reference, if is the universe generated by the set of coordinate propositions then is the differential universe generated by the set of differential propositions   The differential propositions and may thus be interpreted as indicating and respectively.

A differential operator of the first order type we are currently considering, takes a proposition and gives back a differential proposition   In the field view of the scene, we see the proposition as a scalar field and we see the differential proposition as a vector field, specifically, a field of propositions about contemplated changes in

The field of changes produced by on is shown in the following venn diagram.

The differential field specifies the changes which need to be made from each point of in order to reach one of the models of the proposition that is, in order to satisfy the proposition

The field of changes produced by on is shown in the following venn diagram.

The differential field specifies the changes which need to be made from each point of in order to feel a change in the felt value of the field

Resources

• Logic Syllabus
• Minimal Negation Operator
• Survey of Differential Logic
• Survey of Animated Logical Graphs

cc: Academia.edu • Cybernetics • Laws of Form • Mathstodon (1) (2)
cc: Research Gate • Structural Modeling • Systems Science • Syscoi

Differential Logic • 14

Field Picture

Let us summarize the outlook on differential logic we’ve reached so far.  We’ve been considering a class of operators on universes of discourse, each of which takes us from considering one universe of discourse to considering a larger universe of discourse   An operator of that general type, namely, acts on each proposition of the source universe to produce a proposition of the target universe

The operators we’ve examined so far are the enlargement or shift operator and the difference operator   The operators and act on propositions in that is, propositions of the form which amount to propositions about the subject matter of and they produce propositions of the form which amount to propositions about specified collections of changes conceivably occurring in

At this point we find ourselves in need of visual representations, suitable arrays of concrete pictures to anchor our more earthy intuitions and help us keep our wits about us as we venture into ever more rarefied airs of abstraction.

One good picture comes to us by way of the field concept.  Given a space a field of a specified type over is formed by associating with each point of an object of type   If that sounds like the same thing as a function from to the space of things of type — it is nothing but — and yet it does seem helpful to vary the mental images and take advantage of the figures of speech most naturally springing to mind under the emblem of the field idea.

In the field picture a proposition becomes a scalar field, that is, a field of values in

For example, consider the logical conjunction shown in the following venn diagram.

Each of the operators takes us from considering propositions here viewed as scalar fields over to considering the corresponding differential fields over analogous to what in real analysis are usually called vector fields over

Resources

• Logic Syllabus
• Minimal Negation Operator
• Survey of Differential Logic
• Survey of Animated Logical Graphs

cc: Academia.edu • Cybernetics • Laws of Form • Mathstodon (1) (2)
cc: Research Gate • Structural Modeling • Systems Science • Syscoi

Differential Logic • 13

Transforms Expanded over Ordinary and Differential Variables

Two views of how the difference operator acts on the set of sixteen functions are shown below.  Table A5 shows the expansion of over the set of ordinary variables and Table A6 shows the expansion of over the set of differential variables.

Difference Map Expanded over Ordinary Variables

Difference Map Expanded over Differential Variables

Resources

• Logic Syllabus
• Minimal Negation Operator
• Survey of Differential Logic
• Survey of Animated Logical Graphs

cc: Academia.edu • Cybernetics • Laws of Form • Mathstodon (1) (2)
cc: Research Gate • Structural Modeling • Systems Science • Syscoi

AI coding agents aren’t “productivity tools”. They’re a cybernetic system.

Tim Kellogg’s “Levels of Agentic Coding” mapped to Stafford Beer’s VSM:

S1 code
S2 coordination (standards/tests/AGENTS.md)
S3 prioritization (backlog)
S4 sensing (prod + customer signals)
S5 policy (values + purpose)

People celebrate S1. Orgs break at S2. No S3/S4 without explicit S5.

https://buff.ly/QgZ6bR0

#AI #Agents #Cybernetics #VSM #SoftwareEngineering

This thing all things devours:
Birds, beasts, trees, flowers;
Gnaws iron, bites steel;
Grinds hard stones to meal;
Slays king, ruins town,
And beats high mountain down.

— Tolkien • The Hobbit

Talking about time is a waste of time. Time is merely an abstraction from process and what is needed are better languages and better pictures for describing process in all its variety. In the sciences the big breakthrough in describing process came with the differential and integral calculus, that made it possible to shuttle between quantitative measures of state and quantitative measures of change. But every inquiry into a new phenomenon begins with the slimmest grasp of its qualitative features and labors long and hard to reach as far as a tentative logical description. What can avail us in the mean time, still tuning up before the first measure, to reason about change in qualitative terms?

Et sic deinceps … (So it begins …)

#Animata, #CSPeirce, #Change, #Cybernetics, #DifferentialLogic, #GraphTheory, #LawsOfForm, #Logic, #LogicalGraphs, #Mathematics, #Paradox, #Peirce, #Process, #ProcessThinking, #SpencerBrown, #SystemsTheory, #Time, #Tolkien

😺🐻🐰 #satire #humor #parody #cult #progressivehouse #techno #deeptechno #surreal #symbolics #semiotics #cybernetics #cat #cats #teddy #teddies #art #artificialintelligence

🔗 New story up 🌐

http://nu-relations.com/2026/01/05/cognitive-symmetry-nu-symbolism-in-expedition/

@catsalad
Thaaaatts why people have twatty email signatures! Oh my days. It all makes sense now! It works too, I actively don't want to email them. I stand educated. Thank you <3

#email #systemsArchitecture #cybernetics #feedbackLoops

[EN ⬇️]
Bald sind die @datenspuren & ich freue mich, mit zwei Beiträgen dabei zu sein! Einer mit @HonkHase

https://katika-kuehnreich.com/blog/2025/09/11/vortraege-auf-den-datenspuren/

Packt euren Humor + all eure Fragen und Lösungen ein & wir sehen uns!
-
Soon the #Datenspuren in #Dresden will start

I'm excited to be there with two talks, one in English

So - grab your humour & all your ideas for an #antifascist future & let us meet!

https://katika-kuehnreich.com/en/2025/09/11/two-talks-at-datenspuren-conference-in-dresden/

#TechBros #Nachaltigkeit #KI #AI #tech #socialmovement #Resistance #Cybernetics

[en 👇]
Merci auch von mir :)
@kubikpixel @werawelt

Da W #Harari erwähnte: Er ist Anhänger der #Kybernetik

Kein Gegner

Es ist extrem bedeutsam, sich mit den #Ideologien hinter der #Digitalisierung zu befassen.

Anstrengend, aber notwendig

En: Thank you, @kubikpixel & @werawelt !

Because Wera mentioned Harari: he, too, is a follower of #cybernetics
Not someone in opposition to it

It's very important to get to know #ideologies behind #digitalization

#Democracy #transhumanism #tescreal

Finally updated my #profile at https://speakerinnen.org :awesome:

Are you looking for a #talk, a #workshop or an #interview on the #socialimpact of #digitalization?

On #ai, #sustainability or #ideologies behind digitalization as #cybernetics, #gamification, #longtermism, or #effectivealtruism?

Why the thoughts and theories of those in power heavily influence societies?

Are you looking for a #workshop on how to really interest people in #computersecurity?

Contact me.

And #boost if you like

Just presented “Exploring New Frontiers in Absolute Sustainability: Cybernetic Democratic Economic Planning” at the openLCA conference 2025, introducing a novel framework to monitor and plan the satisfaction of societal needs within planetary and regional boundaries.

https://buff.ly/smmf7nv

#Sustainability #SystemsThinking #Cybernetics #EconomicPlanning #openLCA2025 #PlanetaryBoundaries #SocialNeeds #AbsoluteSustainability

@glyph
I hear you.

My favourite (perhaps less jarring?) example is when a court declares they have found someone guilty, and that their threshold of guilt is "on balance of odds".

I look at the lawyers and the witnesses and realise that none of them has studied actuarial or probability mathematics. I wouldn't even trust them to understand a bet on the horses. For a scientist to watch them is like observing a cargo cult. Worse, I am sure, is for a scientist to find themselves on the receiving end of such a court.

I would offer the meagre consolation that you can see the feedback loops that drive them to behave so, where they think themselves to have free will.

#cybernetics #actuarial #odds #maths #math #statistics #science #scientificInquiry #systemsArchitecture #justice #law #policing #cargoCult

Theory and Therapy of Representations • 5
• https://inquiryintoinquiry.com/2025/02/25/theory-and-therapy-of-representations-5-b/

Re: R.J. Lipton and K.W. Regan • Legal Complexity
• https://rjlipton.com/2022/09/04/legal-complexity/

❝I do not pretend to understand the moral universe;
the arc is a long one, my eye reaches but little ways;
I cannot calculate the curve and complete the figure by
the experience of sight; I can divine it by conscience.
And from what I see I am sure it bends towards justice.❞

🙞 Theodore Parker
• https://web.archive.org/web/20200302045624/https://books.google.com/books?id=eHgYAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA48#v=onepage&q&f=false

The arc of the moral universe may bend toward justice — there's hope it will.
For the logic of laws to converge on justice may take some doing on our part.

Resources —

Survey of Cybernetics
• https://inquiryintoinquiry.com/2024/01/25/survey-of-cybernetics-4/

Survey of Differential Logic
• https://inquiryintoinquiry.com/2024/02/25/survey-of-differential-logic-7/

Survey of Inquiry Driven Systems
• https://inquiryintoinquiry.com/2024/02/28/survey-of-inquiry-driven-systems-6/

#AdaptiveSystems #Cybernetics #SystemsTheory #Governance #Democracy
#Plato #Peirce #MaxWeber #Accountability #Representation #Statistics
#Inquiry #InquiryDrivenSystems #Observation #Expectation #Intention

Differential Propositional Calculus • 10

Special Classes of Propositions (cont.)

Let’s pause at this point and get a better sense of how our special classes of propositions are structured and how they relate to propositions in general.  We can do this by recruiting our visual imaginations and drawing up a sufficient budget of venn diagrams for each family of propositions.  The case for 3 variables is exemplary enough for a start.

Linear Propositions

The linear propositions, may be written as sums:

One thing to keep in mind about these sums is that the values in are added “modulo 2”, that is, in such a way that

In a universe of discourse based on three boolean variables, the linear propositions take the shapes shown in Figure 8.

At the top is the venn diagram for the linear proposition of rank 3, which may be expressed by any one of the following three forms.

Next are the venn diagrams for the three linear propositions of rank 2, which may be expressed by the following three forms, respectively.

Next are the three linear propositions of rank 1, which are none other than the three basic propositions,

At the bottom is the linear proposition of rank 0, the everywhere false proposition or the constant function, which may be expressed by the form or by a simple

Resources

• Logic Syllabus
• Survey of Differential Logic

cc: Academia.edu • Cybernetics • Structural Modeling • Systems Science
cc: Conceptual Graphs • Laws of Form • Mathstodon • Research Gate

#Amphecks #Animata #BooleanAlgebra #BooleanFunctions #CSPeirce #CactusGraphs #CategoryTheory #Change #Cybernetics #DifferentialAnalyticTuringAutomata #DifferentialCalculus #DifferentialLogic #DiscreteDynamics #EquationalInference #FunctionalLogic #GraphTheory #Hologrammautomaton #IndicatorFunctions #InquiryDrivenSystems #Leibniz #Logic #LogicalGraphs #Mathematics #MinimalNegationOperators #PropositionalCalculus #Time #Topology #Visualization

Cohesion is about making a whole or working as a whole. It needs connections. One such connection is between a decision and its consequences. Our civilization has evolved smart ways to decouple those making decisions and performing actions from the consequences.

https://www.linkandth.ink/p/freedom-and-responsibility

#EssentialBalances #responsibility #ClimateChange #cybernetics

Constraints and Indications • 2
• https://inquiryintoinquiry.com/2024/07/04/constraints-and-indications-2-a/

Coping with collaboration, communication, context, integration, interoperability, perspective, purpose, and the reality of the information dimension demands a transition from conceptual environments bounded by dyadic relations to those informed by triadic relations, especially the variety of triadic sign relations employed by pragmatic semiotics.

Along the lines of my first post on this topic I am presently concerned with the logical and mathematical requirements of dealing with constraints but when it comes to the constraints involved in communicating across cultural and disciplinary barriers I could recommend a paper Susan Awbrey and I wrote for a conference devoted to those very issues.

Conference Presentation —

Awbrey, S.M., and Awbrey, J.L. (1999), “Organizations of Learning or Learning Organizations : The Challenge of Creating Integrative Universities for the Next Century”, Second International Conference of the Journal ‘Organization’, Re‑Organizing Knowledge, Trans‑Forming Institutions : Knowing, Knowledge, and the University in the 21st Century, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA.
• https://cspeirce.com/menu/library/aboutcsp/awbrey/integrat.htm

Published Paper —

Awbrey, S.M., and Awbrey, J.L. (2001), “Conceptual Barriers to Creating Integrative Universities”, Organization : The Interdisciplinary Journal of Organization, Theory, and Society 8(2), Sage Publications, London, UK, 269–284.
• https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/1350508401082013
• https://www.academia.edu/1266492/Conceptual_Barriers_to_Creating_Integrative_Universities

#Peirce #Logic #Semiotics #Indication #Inference #Information #Inquiry
#Ashby #Cybernetics #Constraint #Control #Regulation #RequisiteVariety
#AdaptiveSystems #IntelligentSystems #InquiryDrivenSystems #Pragmatics

Viability of Personal Knowledge Systems

A recording of my talk at the Mataphorum conference in Manchester, June 2023.
(links to slides, blog entries and book in the description)

https://buff.ly/43yUzNO

#PKM #PKG, #VSM #cybernetics

@theregister I'm thinking of this as a #cybernetics affair. The #CCP is a big fan of #ViableSystemModel (#VSM) - a good fit for a #totalitarian worldview. Using #AI for conserving #propaganda means appears to be challenging, as indications of overworked employees suggest.

December 1, 2023, Teresa Hoskyns and I are going to speak at the Dupont Summit on Science, Technology, and Environmental Policy in a track organized by Lowell Christy and Valarie Lamont.

There are many other great talks. The event is hybrid and the registration is free:
https://whova.com/portal/registration/dupon_202312/

#publicspace #performativity #guangchangwu #participation #China #governing #recursion #vsm #autonomy #cohesion #centralized #decentralized #Beer #cybernetics

Most fields have only a few laws.

I've been diving into #StaffordBeer over the past few days, #cybernetics guru of the 1970s-90s. His concepts of #AshbysLaw of #RequisiteVariety, and of #ViableSystemsModel get toward this. Notably, a model should be as simple as possible, but no simpler (Einstein).

An overly complex model invites #overfitting

Breakthroughs in domains occur where an accumulation of many complex rules can be discarded for a small set of simpler ones. Physics: Newton on gravity, motion, and optics. Chemistry: Mendeleev on chemical elements (valance electrons and atomic masses), Biology: Darwin and evolution (and genetics and DNA). Geology: Wegener and plate tectonics. Information; Shannon. Computer science: Turing & Church.

The social sciences have been approached repeatedly by their core truth but to date have rejected it.

11/