#geopotential — Public Fediverse posts

Mapping a Carrington Storm [in today's setting]
--
https://doi.org/10.1029/2025GL116835 <-- shared paper
--
#spatial #mapping #spaceweather #Carrington #magneticstorm #historicstorm #model #modeling #spatialanalysis #map #impacts #humaninpacts #geomagnetism #magneticfield #geoelectric #field #magnetotelluric #geophysics #USA #infrastructure #geology #sedimentology #geopotential #communications #utilities #energy #powertransmission #blackouts #rik #hazard #damage #publicsafety #cost #economy #mitigation #benchmark #remotesensing #earthobservation

Mapping a Carrington Storm [in today's setting]
--
https://doi.org/10.1029/2025GL116835 <-- shared paper
--
#spatial #mapping #spaceweather #Carrington #magneticstorm #historicstorm #model #modeling #spatialanalysis #map #impacts #humaninpacts #geomagnetism #magneticfield #geoelectric #field #magnetotelluric #geophysics #USA #infrastructure #geology #sedimentology #geopotential #communications #utilities #energy #powertransmission #blackouts #rik #hazard #damage #publicsafety #cost #economy #mitigation #benchmark #remotesensing #earthobservation

Mapping a Carrington Storm [in today's setting]
--
https://doi.org/10.1029/2025GL116835 <-- shared paper
--
#spatial #mapping #spaceweather #Carrington #magneticstorm #historicstorm #model #modeling #spatialanalysis #map #impacts #humaninpacts #geomagnetism #magneticfield #geoelectric #field #magnetotelluric #geophysics #USA #infrastructure #geology #sedimentology #geopotential #communications #utilities #energy #powertransmission #blackouts #rik #hazard #damage #publicsafety #cost #economy #mitigation #benchmark #remotesensing #earthobservation

Mapping a Carrington Storm [in today's setting]
--
https://doi.org/10.1029/2025GL116835 <-- shared paper
--
#spatial #mapping #spaceweather #Carrington #magneticstorm #historicstorm #model #modeling #spatialanalysis #map #impacts #humaninpacts #geomagnetism #magneticfield #geoelectric #field #magnetotelluric #geophysics #USA #infrastructure #geology #sedimentology #geopotential #communications #utilities #energy #powertransmission #blackouts #rik #hazard #damage #publicsafety #cost #economy #mitigation #benchmark #remotesensing #earthobservation

Mapping a Carrington Storm [in today's setting]
--
https://doi.org/10.1029/2025GL116835 <-- shared paper
--
#spatial #mapping #spaceweather #Carrington #magneticstorm #historicstorm #model #modeling #spatialanalysis #map #impacts #humaninpacts #geomagnetism #magneticfield #geoelectric #field #magnetotelluric #geophysics #USA #infrastructure #geology #sedimentology #geopotential #communications #utilities #energy #powertransmission #blackouts #rik #hazard #damage #publicsafety #cost #economy #mitigation #benchmark #remotesensing #earthobservation

Basics of Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP):

1. THE HORIZONTAL MOMENTUM EQUATION:
\[
\frac{d\mathbf{V}}{dt} + f\hat{k} \times \mathbf{V} = -\nabla \phi + \frac{\sigma}{p_s} \frac{\partial \phi}{\partial \sigma} \nabla p_s + \mathbf{F}
\]

2. THE CONTINUITY EQUATION:
\[
\frac{\partial p_s}{\partial t} + \nabla \cdot (p_s \mathbf{V}) + \frac{\partial}{\partial \sigma}(p_s \dot{\sigma}) = 0
\]

3. THE THERMODYNAMIC ENERGY EQUATION:
\[
\frac{1}{R} \frac{d}{dt} \left[ \sigma \frac{\partial \phi}{\partial \sigma} \right] + \frac{RT}{C_p p} \left[ p_s \dot{\sigma} + \sigma\dot{p_s} \right] = -Q
\]

4. HYDROSTATIC EQUATION:
\[
\frac{\partial \phi}{\partial \sigma} = -\frac{RT_v}{\sigma}
\]

5. SURFACE PRESSURE TENDENCY EQUATION:
\[\displaystyle
\frac{\partial p_s}{\partial t} = -\int_{0}^{1} \nabla\cdot (p_s \mathbf{V}) \, d\sigma
\]

6. MOISTURE EQUATION:
\[\displaystyle
\frac{\partial}{\partial t} (p_s q) + \nabla\cdot (p_s q \mathbf{V}) + \frac{\partial}{\partial \sigma} (p_s q \dot{\sigma}) = p_s S
\]

The six primary unknowns are: \(\mathbf{V}\) (horizontal wind velocity), \(p_s\) (surface pressure), \(T\) (temperature), \(q\) (specific humidity or moisture), \(\phi\) (geopotential), and \(\dot{\sigma}\) (sigma velocity or vertical velocity in \(\sigma\)-coordinates).

#NWP #Weather #NumericalWeatherPrediction #Meteorology #Climate #ClimateScience #Earth #EarthScience #ClimateChange #ClimateSciences #Science #WeatherPrediction #Humidity #Moisture #Pressure #Velocity #SurfacePressure #HydrostaticEquation #WeatherPrediction #Ocean #Atmosphere #AOS #ClimateDynamics #WeatherDynamics #Geopotential #SigmaVelocity #VerticalVelocity #MoistureEquation #Thermodynamics #Dynamics #NavierStokes

Basics of Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP):

1. THE HORIZONTAL MOMENTUM EQUATION:
\[
\frac{d\mathbf{V}}{dt} + f\hat{k} \times \mathbf{V} = -\nabla \phi + \frac{\sigma}{p_s} \frac{\partial \phi}{\partial \sigma} \nabla p_s + \mathbf{F}
\]

2. THE CONTINUITY EQUATION:
\[
\frac{\partial p_s}{\partial t} + \nabla \cdot (p_s \mathbf{V}) + \frac{\partial}{\partial \sigma}(p_s \dot{\sigma}) = 0
\]

3. THE THERMODYNAMIC ENERGY EQUATION:
\[
\frac{1}{R} \frac{d}{dt} \left[ \sigma \frac{\partial \phi}{\partial \sigma} \right] + \frac{RT}{C_p p} \left[ p_s \dot{\sigma} + \sigma\dot{p_s} \right] = -Q
\]

4. HYDROSTATIC EQUATION:
\[
\frac{\partial \phi}{\partial \sigma} = -\frac{RT_v}{\sigma}
\]

5. SURFACE PRESSURE TENDENCY EQUATION:
\[\displaystyle
\frac{\partial p_s}{\partial t} = -\int_{0}^{1} \nabla\cdot (p_s \mathbf{V}) \, d\sigma
\]

6. MOISTURE EQUATION:
\[\displaystyle
\frac{\partial}{\partial t} (p_s q) + \nabla\cdot (p_s q \mathbf{V}) + \frac{\partial}{\partial \sigma} (p_s q \dot{\sigma}) = p_s S
\]

The six primary unknowns are: \(\mathbf{V}\) (horizontal wind velocity), \(p_s\) (surface pressure), \(T\) (temperature), \(q\) (specific humidity or moisture), \(\phi\) (geopotential), and \(\dot{\sigma}\) (sigma velocity or vertical velocity in \(\sigma\)-coordinates).

#NWP #Weather #NumericalWeatherPrediction #Meteorology #Climate #ClimateScience #Earth #EarthScience #ClimateChange #ClimateSciences #Science #WeatherPrediction #Humidity #Moisture #Pressure #Velocity #SurfacePressure #HydrostaticEquation #WeatherPrediction #Ocean #Atmosphere #AOS #ClimateDynamics #WeatherDynamics #Geopotential #SigmaVelocity #VerticalVelocity #MoistureEquation #Thermodynamics #Dynamics #NavierStokes

Basics of Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP):

1. THE HORIZONTAL MOMENTUM EQUATION:
\[
\frac{d\mathbf{V}}{dt} + f\hat{k} \times \mathbf{V} = -\nabla \phi + \frac{\sigma}{p_s} \frac{\partial \phi}{\partial \sigma} \nabla p_s + \mathbf{F}
\]

2. THE CONTINUITY EQUATION:
\[
\frac{\partial p_s}{\partial t} + \nabla \cdot (p_s \mathbf{V}) + \frac{\partial}{\partial \sigma}(p_s \dot{\sigma}) = 0
\]

3. THE THERMODYNAMIC ENERGY EQUATION:
\[
\frac{1}{R} \frac{d}{dt} \left[ \sigma \frac{\partial \phi}{\partial \sigma} \right] + \frac{RT}{C_p p} \left[ p_s \dot{\sigma} + \sigma\dot{p_s} \right] = -Q
\]

4. HYDROSTATIC EQUATION:
\[
\frac{\partial \phi}{\partial \sigma} = -\frac{RT_v}{\sigma}
\]

5. SURFACE PRESSURE TENDENCY EQUATION:
\[\displaystyle
\frac{\partial p_s}{\partial t} = -\int_{0}^{1} \nabla\cdot (p_s \mathbf{V}) \, d\sigma
\]

6. MOISTURE EQUATION:
\[\displaystyle
\frac{\partial}{\partial t} (p_s q) + \nabla\cdot (p_s q \mathbf{V}) + \frac{\partial}{\partial \sigma} (p_s q \dot{\sigma}) = p_s S
\]

The six primary unknowns are: \(\mathbf{V}\) (horizontal wind velocity), \(p_s\) (surface pressure), \(T\) (temperature), \(q\) (specific humidity or moisture), \(\phi\) (geopotential), and \(\dot{\sigma}\) (sigma velocity or vertical velocity in \(\sigma\)-coordinates).

#NWP #Weather #NumericalWeatherPrediction #Meteorology #Climate #ClimateScience #Earth #EarthScience #ClimateChange #ClimateSciences #Science #WeatherPrediction #Humidity #Moisture #Pressure #Velocity #SurfacePressure #HydrostaticEquation #WeatherPrediction #Ocean #Atmosphere #AOS #ClimateDynamics #WeatherDynamics #Geopotential #SigmaVelocity #VerticalVelocity #MoistureEquation #Thermodynamics #Dynamics #NavierStokes

Basics of Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP):

1. THE HORIZONTAL MOMENTUM EQUATION:
\[
\frac{d\mathbf{V}}{dt} + f\hat{k} \times \mathbf{V} = -\nabla \phi + \frac{\sigma}{p_s} \frac{\partial \phi}{\partial \sigma} \nabla p_s + \mathbf{F}
\]

2. THE CONTINUITY EQUATION:
\[
\frac{\partial p_s}{\partial t} + \nabla \cdot (p_s \mathbf{V}) + \frac{\partial}{\partial \sigma}(p_s \dot{\sigma}) = 0
\]

3. THE THERMODYNAMIC ENERGY EQUATION:
\[
\frac{1}{R} \frac{d}{dt} \left[ \sigma \frac{\partial \phi}{\partial \sigma} \right] + \frac{RT}{C_p p} \left[ p_s \dot{\sigma} + \sigma\dot{p_s} \right] = -Q
\]

4. HYDROSTATIC EQUATION:
\[
\frac{\partial \phi}{\partial \sigma} = -\frac{RT_v}{\sigma}
\]

5. SURFACE PRESSURE TENDENCY EQUATION:
\[\displaystyle
\frac{\partial p_s}{\partial t} = -\int_{0}^{1} \nabla\cdot (p_s \mathbf{V}) \, d\sigma
\]

6. MOISTURE EQUATION:
\[\displaystyle
\frac{\partial}{\partial t} (p_s q) + \nabla\cdot (p_s q \mathbf{V}) + \frac{\partial}{\partial \sigma} (p_s q \dot{\sigma}) = p_s S
\]

The six primary unknowns are: \(\mathbf{V}\) (horizontal wind velocity), \(p_s\) (surface pressure), \(T\) (temperature), \(q\) (specific humidity or moisture), \(\phi\) (geopotential), and \(\dot{\sigma}\) (sigma velocity or vertical velocity in \(\sigma\)-coordinates).

#NWP #Weather #NumericalWeatherPrediction #Meteorology #Climate #ClimateScience #Earth #EarthScience #ClimateChange #ClimateSciences #Science #WeatherPrediction #Humidity #Moisture #Pressure #Velocity #SurfacePressure #HydrostaticEquation #WeatherPrediction #Ocean #Atmosphere #AOS #ClimateDynamics #WeatherDynamics #Geopotential #SigmaVelocity #VerticalVelocity #MoistureEquation #Thermodynamics #Dynamics #NavierStokes

Basics of Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP):

1. THE HORIZONTAL MOMENTUM EQUATION:
\[
\frac{d\mathbf{V}}{dt} + f\hat{k} \times \mathbf{V} = -\nabla \phi + \frac{\sigma}{p_s} \frac{\partial \phi}{\partial \sigma} \nabla p_s + \mathbf{F}
\]

2. THE CONTINUITY EQUATION:
\[
\frac{\partial p_s}{\partial t} + \nabla \cdot (p_s \mathbf{V}) + \frac{\partial}{\partial \sigma}(p_s \dot{\sigma}) = 0
\]

3. THE THERMODYNAMIC ENERGY EQUATION:
\[
\frac{1}{R} \frac{d}{dt} \left[ \sigma \frac{\partial \phi}{\partial \sigma} \right] + \frac{RT}{C_p p} \left[ p_s \dot{\sigma} + \sigma\dot{p_s} \right] = -Q
\]

4. HYDROSTATIC EQUATION:
\[
\frac{\partial \phi}{\partial \sigma} = -\frac{RT_v}{\sigma}
\]

5. SURFACE PRESSURE TENDENCY EQUATION:
\[\displaystyle
\frac{\partial p_s}{\partial t} = -\int_{0}^{1} \nabla\cdot (p_s \mathbf{V}) \, d\sigma
\]

6. MOISTURE EQUATION:
\[\displaystyle
\frac{\partial}{\partial t} (p_s q) + \nabla\cdot (p_s q \mathbf{V}) + \frac{\partial}{\partial \sigma} (p_s q \dot{\sigma}) = p_s S
\]

The six primary unknowns are: \(\mathbf{V}\) (horizontal wind velocity), \(p_s\) (surface pressure), \(T\) (temperature), \(q\) (specific humidity or moisture), \(\phi\) (geopotential), and \(\dot{\sigma}\) (sigma velocity or vertical velocity in \(\sigma\)-coordinates).

#NWP #Weather #NumericalWeatherPrediction #Meteorology #Climate #ClimateScience #Earth #EarthScience #ClimateChange #ClimateSciences #Science #WeatherPrediction #Humidity #Moisture #Pressure #Velocity #SurfacePressure #HydrostaticEquation #WeatherPrediction #Ocean #Atmosphere #AOS #ClimateDynamics #WeatherDynamics #Geopotential #SigmaVelocity #VerticalVelocity #MoistureEquation #Thermodynamics #Dynamics #NavierStokes

Climate Change Supercharged A Heat Dome, Intensifying 2021 Fire Season, Study Finds
--
https://phys.org/news/2024-04-climate-supercharged-dome-season.html <-- shared technical article
--
https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-024-01346-2 <-- shared paper
--
#GIS #spatial #mapping #spatialanalysis #spatiotemporal #2021fireseason #climatechange #extremeweather #geopotential #NorthAmerica #USA #Canada #wildfire #bushfire #risk #hazard #PNW #PacificNorthwest #loss #damage #forest #forestry #humanimpacts #weather #heat #dryness #temperature #vapourpressure #records #firedanger #infrastructure #model #modeling #heatdome #fire

Moving Mountains - Reevaluating The Elevations Of Colorado Mountain Summits Using Modern Geodetic Techniques
--
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00190-024-01831-8 <-- shared paper
--
#GIS #spatial #mapping #NAVD88 #NAPGD2022 #Fourteeners #Colorado #elevation #3dep #geoid #mountains #mountain #orthometric #gnss #model #modeling #3dmodeling #numericmodeling #geostatistics #LiDAR #ellipsoidal #gravity #geopotential
@USGS @ngs

Moving Mountains - Reevaluating The Elevations Of Colorado Mountain Summits Using Modern Geodetic Techniques
--
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00190-024-01831-8 <-- shared paper
--
#GIS #spatial #mapping #NAVD88 #NAPGD2022 #Fourteeners #Colorado #elevation #3dep #geoid #mountains #mountain #orthometric #gnss #model #modeling #3dmodeling #numericmodeling #geostatistics #LiDAR #ellipsoidal #gravity #geopotential
@USGS @ngs

Moving Mountains - Reevaluating The Elevations Of Colorado Mountain Summits Using Modern Geodetic Techniques
--
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00190-024-01831-8 <-- shared paper
--
#GIS #spatial #mapping #NAVD88 #NAPGD2022 #Fourteeners #Colorado #elevation #3dep #geoid #mountains #mountain #orthometric #gnss #model #modeling #3dmodeling #numericmodeling #geostatistics #LiDAR #ellipsoidal #gravity #geopotential
@USGS @ngs

Moving Mountains - Reevaluating The Elevations Of Colorado Mountain Summits Using Modern Geodetic Techniques
--
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00190-024-01831-8 <-- shared paper
--
#GIS #spatial #mapping #NAVD88 #NAPGD2022 #Fourteeners #Colorado #elevation #3dep #geoid #mountains #mountain #orthometric #gnss #model #modeling #3dmodeling #numericmodeling #geostatistics #LiDAR #ellipsoidal #gravity #geopotential
@USGS @ngs

Moving Mountains - Reevaluating The Elevations Of Colorado Mountain Summits Using Modern Geodetic Techniques
--
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00190-024-01831-8 <-- shared paper
--
#GIS #spatial #mapping #NAVD88 #NAPGD2022 #Fourteeners #Colorado #elevation #3dep #geoid #mountains #mountain #orthometric #gnss #model #modeling #3dmodeling #numericmodeling #geostatistics #LiDAR #ellipsoidal #gravity #geopotential
@USGS @ngs