#thermodynamics — Public Fediverse posts
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Chemical Thermodynamics by M.Kh. Karapetyants
The book is primarily aimed at students in higher education specialising in chemistry, particularly future engineers. The author has avoided unnecessary abstraction and overly complex mathematics to ensure the material remains practical and accessible, while still providing a solid theoretical foundation. The content includes approximate laws that allow for quick, practical problem-solving, even when precise values are unavailable. The author integrates empirical thermodynamics with the periodic table to make thermodynamic concepts more comprehensible, particularly entropy, which students often find difficult to grasp.
The book also addresses the importance of connecting thermodynamics with other branches of chemistry, such as general and inorganic chemistry, to enhance students’ understanding for later courses. The primary focus is on the thermodynamics of gaseous systems, with less emphasis on solutions and electrolytes. Numerous examples, mainly related to inorganic substances and chemical processing, help students apply theory to practical problems, with calculations that can be compared to experimental data. The book also includes many tables and figures derived from various sources to support these applications.
Translated from the Russian by G. Leib
Credits to the original uploaders, this is a cleaned optimised scan.
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Contents
List of Tables 11
Preface 13
Chapter 1. INTRODUCTION 15
1.1. The Subject and Method of Thermodynamics 15
1.2. Basic Concepts and Definitions 17
1.2.1. Systems and Their Classification 17
1.2.2. Thermodynamic Parameters 18
1.2.3. Work and Heat 22
1.2.4. Reversible and Irreversible Processes 23
1.2.5. Mathematical Relations Between the Parameters of State 28
1.3. Terms and Symbols 33
Chapter 2. THE FIRST LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS 35
2.1. Content of the First Law 35
2.1.1. Cyclic Processes 35
2.1.2. Non-Cyclic Processes. Internal Energy 36
2.2. Enthalpy 41
Chapter 3. HEAT EFFECTS AND HEAT CAPACITIES 45
3.1. Hess’s Law 45
3.2. Standard Heat Effects 49
3.3. Some Methods of Calculating Heat Effects 53
3.3.1. Heats of Formation 53
3.3.2. Heats of Combustion 57
3.3.3. Comparative Calculation of Heat Effects 58
3.4. Heat Capacity 58
3.4.1. Heat Capacity in Different Processes 58
3.4.2. Temperature Dependence of Heat Capacity 61
3.4.3. Certain Laws 71
3.5. Temperature Dependence of Heat Effect 73
3.5.1. Kirchhoff Equation 73
3.5.2. Equation AH = <p(T) in Its Final Form 77
3.5.3. Heat Balance 84
Chapter 4. THE SECOND LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS 87
4.1. Content of the Second Law 87
4.1.1. The Carnot Cycle 87
4.1.2. Thermodynamic Temperature Scale 91
4.1.3. Impossibility of a Perpetual Motion Machine 92
4.2. Entropy 94
4.2.1. Change in Entropy in Reversible Processes 95
4.2.2. Change in Entropy in Irreversible Processes 97
4.2.3. Change in Entropy as a Criterion of the Equilibrium and Spontaneity of Processes 98
4.2.4. Relation Between Entropy and Other Thermodynamic Parameters and Some Relationships Between Derived Functions 102
4.3. Substantiation of the Second Law 106
4.3.1. Thermodynamic Probability of a State 106
4.3.2. Phase Space 106
4.3.3. Relationship Between Entropy and Thermodynamic Probability 108
4.3.4. Fluctuations 110
4.3.5. The Invalidity of the “Theory of Heat Death” of the Universe 112
Chapter 5. THERMODYNAMIC AND CHEMICAL POTENTIALS. THE GENERAL CONDITIONS OF EQUILIBRIUM 114
5.1. Thermodynamic Potentials 114
5.1.1. Change in Thermodynamic Potential as a Criterion of the Equilibrium and Spontaneous Nature of a Process 119
5.1.2. Various Thermodynamic Relationships 121
5.2. Characteristic Functions 123
5.3. Chemical Potential 128
5.4. General Conditions of Equilibrium 131
5.4.1. Stable and Unstable Equilibria 132
5.4.2. Equilibrium Coexistence of Phases. The Gibbs Phase Rule 134
5.4.3. Principle of Displacement of Equilibrium 139
Chapter 6. ONE-COMPONENT HOMOGENEOUS SYSTEMS 141
6.1. Ideal Gas 141
6.2. Equations of State of a Real Gas 150
6.3. Fugacity 159
6.3.1. Standard State 160
6.3.2. Temperature Dependence of Fugacity 162
6.3.3. Methods of Calculating Fugacity 163
6.4. Throttling 168
6.5. Calculation of Properties of Gases According to Experimental Data 175
6.5.1. Calculations Using the Relationships p-V-T and Cp = q>(T) 175
6.5.2. Calculations Using the Relationships Cp = <p(p, T) or H = q(p, T) and VT> = 9 (p) 184
6.5.3. Calculations Using (ij and C9 185
6.5.4. Influence of Pressure on the Heat Effect of a Reaction 185
6.6. A Generalized Method of Calculating Selected Properties of Gases and Liquids at Pressures above Atmospheric 186
6.6.1. Gases 186
6.6.2. Liquids 199
Chapter 7. ONE-COMPONENT HETEROGENEOUS SYSTEMS 205
7.1. Relationship Between Temperature and Pressure with Coexisting Phases 205
7.1.1. Clapeyron-Clausius Equation 205
7.1.2. Approximate Relationships 209
7.2. Methods for the Comparative Calculation of the Temperature Dependence of the Saturated Vapour Pressure 214
7.2.1. Straight Line Method 215
7.2.2. Method of Comparing Boiling Points of Given and Standard Substances at Equal Vapour Pressures 216
7.2.3. Method of Comparing Vapour Pressures of Various Substances at Equal Boiling Points 218
7.2.4. Method of Comparing Vapour Pressures of Various Substances at Equal Reduced Boiling Points 220
7.3. Critical State 221
7.4. Heat Capacities of Coexisting Phases and Heats of Phase Transitions 227
7.4.1. Heat Capacities of Coexisting Phases 227
7.4.2. Heats of Phase Transitions 232
7.5. Influence of Total Pressure on Saturated Vapour Pressure 244
7.6. Influence of Surface Curvature on Saturated Vapour Pressure 247
7.7. Second-Order Phase Transitions 249
Chapter 8. SOLUTIONS 251
8.1. Fundamental Concepts and Definitions 251
8.2. Partial Molar Quantities 255
8.2.1. Basic Equations 257
8.2.2. Methods of Calculation 260
8.3. Heat Capacities and Enthalpies of Solutions 264
8.3.1. Partial Molar Heat Capacities 264
8.3.2. Partial Molar Enthalpies 265
8.4. Ideal Solutions 272
8.5. Infinitely Dilute Solutions 278
8.5.1. Partial Molar Quantities 279
8.5.2. Henry’s Law 281
Chapter 9. BINARY SOLUTION-PURE COMPONENT EQUILIBRIUM 285
9.1. Relationship Between Temperature and Concentration 285
9.1.1. Solution-Solid Component Equilibrium 287
9.1.2. Analysis of Solubility Diagrams 292
9.1.3. Solution-Gas Equilibrium 304
9.2. Relationship Between Pressure and Concentration 305
9.2.1. Solution-Solid Component Equilibrium 306
9.2.2. Solution-Gas Equilibrium 307
9.3. Gas Mixture-Pure Component Equilibrium 317
9.4. Influence of Dispersion on Solubility 318
Chapter 10. SOLUTION-SOLUTION EQUILIBRIUM IN BINARY MIXTURES 319
10.1. Liquid-Gas Equilibrium for Completely Miscible Liquids at Low Pressures 319
10.1.1. Ideal Solution-Mixture of Ideal Gases 319
10.1.2. Non-Ideal Solution-Mixture of Ideal Gases 322
10.1.3. Separation of Solution Components 332
10.2. Liquid-Gas Equilibrium for Completely Miscible Liquids at High Pressures 334
10.2.1. Critical Phenomena 341
10.3. Equilibrium in Systems with Incompletely Miscible Liquids 349
10.3.1. Liquid-Gas Equilibrium 349
10.3.2. Liquid-Liquid Equilibrium 351
10.3.3. Gas-Gas Equilibrium 352
10.4. Liquid-Gas Equilibrium for Immiscible Liquids 355
Chapter 11. EQUILIBRIUM IN THREE- AND FOUR-COMPONENT SYSTEMS 359
11.1. Depicting Composition 359
11.1.1. Three-Component Systems 359
11.1.2. Four-Component Systems 361
11.2. Liquid-Solid Equilibrium in Three-Component Systems 362
11.2.1. Substances Forming No Compounds 362
11.2.2. Substances Forming Compounds 366
11.2.3. Isotherms of Aqueous Solutions of Two Common-Ion Salts 367
11.3. Mutual Solubility of Three Liquids 385
11.4. Liquid-Gas Equilibrium in Ternary Systems 391
11.4.1. Isotherm 391
11.4.2. Isobaric Systems 399
Chapter 12. THE PRINCIPLE OF MAXIMUM ENTROPY 405
12.1. Entropy as a Thermodynamic Function 405
12.2. Method of Maximum Entropy 410
12.3. Application of the Maximum Entropy Principle in Thermodynamics 414
Chapter 13. MODERN CONCEPTS OF THERMODYNAMICS 419
13.1. Thermodynamic Models 419
13.2. Relations with Other Areas of Science 421
13.3. Role of Thermodynamics in Physical Chemistry 424
13.4. Applications of Thermodynamics in Industry 427
13.5. Advanced Topics in Thermodynamics 430Chapter 14. EQUILIBRIUM TRANSFORMATION 518
14.1. Direction of a Process 518
14.2. Calculation of Equilibrium Transformation 527
14.2.1. Reactions in the Gaseous Phase 528
14.2.2. Reactions in Solutions 531
14.2.3. Heterogeneous Reactions 533
14.2.4. Electrochemical Reactions 537
14.3. Influence of Various Factors on the Extent of a Reaction 541
14.3.1. Temperature 541
14.3.2. Pressure 545
14.3.3. Presence of an Inert Gas 548
14.3.4. Ratio of Reactants 549
14.3.5. Change in Surface Area 550
14.3.6. Kind of Reaction 552
14.4. Equilibrium in Complex Chemical Systems 553
14.5. Sources of Errors in Calculating Equilibrium 562
14.5.1. Errors Due to Inaccuracy of Experimental Data 562
14.5.2. Errors Connected with the Processing of Experimental Data 564
14.6. Theoretical and Practical Extents of a Reaction 566
Chapter 15. FUNDAMENTALS OF QUANTUM STATISTICAL CALCULATIONS OF THERMODYNAMIC FUNCTIONS AND CHEMICAL EQUILIBRIUM FROM SPECTROSCOPIC DATA 568
15.1. Introduction 568
15.2. Thermodynamic Properties of Gases Due to Translational Degrees of Freedom 572
15.3. Thermodynamic Properties of Gases Due to Intramolecular Degrees of Freedom 575
15.3.1. Rotational Partition Function 577
15.3.2. Vibrational Partition Function 583
15.3.3. Partition Function for Electronic Excitation 587
15.3.4. Nuclear Spin 588
15.3.5. Effect of Isotopic Composition 589
15.3.6. Group of Properties 589
15.4. Calculation of Chemical Equilibrium 592
APPENDICES 599
List of Symbols 599
Heat Capacities, Standard Enthalpies and Gibbs Energies of
#chemistry #sovietLiterature #thermodynamicSystems #thermodynamics -
Physicists Find Useful Energy Hiding in Quantum “Waste Heat”
An atom in a cavity between two mirrors (left) acts as a heat engine in a driven-dissipative quantum…
#NewsBeep #News #Physics #AU #Australia #QuantumMechanics #QuantumPhysics #quantumtechnology #Science #Thermodynamics #UniversityofBasel
https://www.newsbeep.com/au/885958/ -
Physicists Find Useful Energy Hiding in Quantum “Waste Heat”
An atom in a cavity between two mirrors (left) acts as a heat engine in a driven-dissipative quantum…
#NewsBeep #News #Physics #AU #Australia #QuantumMechanics #QuantumPhysics #quantumtechnology #Science #Thermodynamics #UniversityofBasel
https://www.newsbeep.com/au/885958/ -
Physicists Find Useful Energy Hiding in Quantum “Waste Heat”
An atom in a cavity between two mirrors (left) acts as a heat engine in a driven-dissipative quantum…
#NewsBeep #News #Physics #QuantumMechanics #QuantumPhysics #quantumtechnology #Science #Thermodynamics #UK #UnitedKingdom #UniversityofBasel
https://www.newsbeep.com/uk/764826/ -
Physicists Find Useful Energy Hiding in Quantum “Waste Heat”
An atom in a cavity between two mirrors (left) acts as a heat engine in a driven-dissipative quantum…
#NewsBeep #News #US #USA #UnitedStates #UnitedStatesOfAmerica #Physics #QuantumMechanics #QuantumPhysics #quantumtechnology #Science #Thermodynamics #UniversityofBasel
https://www.newsbeep.com/us/841471/ -
Physicists Find Useful Energy Hiding in Quantum “Waste Heat”
An atom in a cavity between two mirrors (left) acts as a heat engine in a driven-dissipative quantum…
#NewsBeep #News #US #USA #UnitedStates #UnitedStatesOfAmerica #Physics #QuantumMechanics #QuantumPhysics #quantumtechnology #Science #Thermodynamics #UniversityofBasel
https://www.newsbeep.com/us/841471/ -
https://www.europesays.com/uk/1194638/ Physicists Find Useful Energy Hiding in Quantum “Waste Heat” #Physics #QuantumMechanics #QuantumPhysics #QuantumTechnology #Science #thermodynamics #UK #UnitedKingdom #UniversityOfBasel
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அனைவருக்குமான இயற்பியல் இயக்கம், வெப்பம் (Physics For Everyone Motion, Heat In Tamil ) by எல். லாண்டாவோ (L. Landau); அ. கிட்டகரோட்ஸ்கி (A. Kitaigorodsky)
We have tried to write this book in a light and simple style, not denying ourselves the pleasure of an occasional joke with the reader. But this does not in any way mean that our Physics for Everyone is an easy book. Many of its pages must be read attentively for a long time; in order to understand physics, one must very often think hard and tensely.
The book’s main concern is the fundamental laws and concepts of physics. However, we have tried not to forget about illustrations from life and technology, true, not having the aim of dealing in any way with the inexhaustible field of applied physics.
நாங்கள் இந்தப் புத்தகத்தை இலகுவான மற்றும் எளிய பாணியில் எழுத முயன்றுள்ளோம், வாசகருடன் பொழுதுபோக்கு செய்யும் occasional ஜோக்குகளை நாங்கள் தவறவில்லை. ஆனால் இது எங்கள் ‘எல்லோருக்கும் புவியியல்’ ஒரு எளிய புத்தகம் என்பதை பொருளல்ல. அதன் பல பக்கங்களை கவனமாகவும் நீண்ட நேரம் வாசிக்க வேண்டும்; புவியியலைப் புரிந்துகொள்ள, பல முறை தீவிரமாகவும் சிந்திக்க வேண்டும்.
இந்த புத்தகத்தின் முதன்மை கவனம் புவியியலின் அடிப்படை விதிமுறைகள் மற்றும் கருத்துக்களிலேயே உள்ளது. அதே நேரத்தில், வாழ்க்கையிலிருந்து மற்றும் தொழில்நுட்பத்திலிருந்து எடுத்துக்காட்டுகளை மறக்காமல் இருக்க நாம் முயற்சித்துள்ளோம், ஆனால் வரையறுக்க முடியாத ஆபரேஷனல் புவியியல் பற்றிய விரிவான விவாதத்தை எங்களது நோக்கமாக வைத்திருக்கவில்லை.
தமிழாக்கம்: டாக்டர் இ. பழனியாண்டி
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#mechanics #physics #popularScience #sovietLiterature #thermodynamics -
কেলাসের গঠন (Molecules – Physics For Everyone Vol 2 In Bengali) by ল. লানদাউ; আ. কিতাইগারোদস্কি (A. Kitaigorodsky)
The book is devoted mainly to a study of the structure of matter dealt with from various aspects. The atom, however, remains, for the time being, indivisible particle conceived by Democritus of ancient Greece. Problems related to motion of molecules are considered, of course, because they are the basis of modern knowledge of thermal motion. Attention has been given, well, to problems concerning phase transitions.
এই বইটি মূলত পদার্থের গঠন অধ্যয়নের বিভিন্ন দিক নিয়ে নিবেদিত। তবে, প্রাচীন গ্রীসের দেমোক্রিটাসের কল্পিত অবিভাজ্য কণিকা হিসেবে পরমাণু বর্তমানে সেই অবস্থায় রয়ে গেছে। অণুর গতির সাথে সম্পর্কিত সমস্যাগুলি অবশ্যই বিবেচনা করা হয়েছে, কারণ এগুলি তাপগতির আধুনিক জ্ঞানের ভিত্তি। পর্যায় পরিবর্তনের সাথে সম্পর্কিত সমস্যাগুলোর প্রতিও যথেষ্ট গুরুত্ব দেওয়া হয়েছে।
অনুবাদ: শান্তি শেখর সিংহ
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#শশদরবই #সভযতসহতয #childrenSBooks #childrenSScience #physics #popularScience #soviet #thermodynamics -
АНТРОПОЛОГИЯ, ANTHROPOLOGY, АНТРОПОЛОГІЯ
#АНТРОПОЛОГИЯ, #ANTHROPOLOGY, #АНТРОПОЛОГІЯ
t.me/scilib_yura15cbx/542Thermodynamics, statistical physics
Термодинамика, статистическая физика
Термодинаміка, статистична фізика
#Thermodynamics, #statistical physics
#Термодинамика, #статистическаяфизика
#Термодинаміка, #статистичнафізика
t.me/scilib_yura15cbx/541PQm Quantum mechanics
Квантовая механика
Квантова механіка
#Quantum mechanics
#Квантоваямеханика
#Квантовамеханіка
t.me/scilib_yura15cbx/540PQft Quantum field theory
Квантовая теория поля
Квантова теорія поля
#Quantum field theory
t.me/scilib_yura15cbx/539Фазовые переходы
Phase_transitions, Фазовіпереходи
#Фазовые переходы
#Phase transitions, #Фазовіпереходи
t.me/scilib_yura15cbx/538Пиротехника, Піротехніка, Pyrotechnics
#Пиротехника, #Піротехніка, #Pyrotechnics
t.me/scilib_yura15cbx/537Астрономия, Астрономія, Astronomy
#Астрономия, #Астрономія, #Astronomy
t.me/scilib_yura15cbx/536PPop Popular-level
Популярная физика
Популярна Фізика
t.me/scilib_yura15cbx/535PG General courses
Общие курсы
Загальні курси
t.me/scilib_yura15cbx/534PPl Plasma Плазма
Физика плазмы
#Plasma #Плазма
#Физика плазмы
t.me/scilib_yura15cbx/533PPh Philosophy of Physics
Философия физики,
Філософія фізики
t.me/scilib_yura15cbx/532POs Oscillations and waves
Колебания и волны
Коливання і хвилі
t.me/scilib_yura15cbx/531PNu Nuclear Physics
Ядерна фізика
Ядерная физика
#Nuclear Physics
#Ядернафізика
#Ядернаяфизика
t.me/scilib_yura15cbx/530PNc Nonlinear chaos
Нелинейный хаос
Нелінійний хаос
#Nonlinear chaos
#Нелинейныйхаос
#Нелінійнийхаос
t.me/scilib_yura15cbx/529PM Atomic Molecular and Optical Physics
Атомна молекулярна та оптична Фізика
Атомная молекулярная и оптическая физика
t.me/scilib_yura15cbx/528PGrc Cosmology
Космология
Космологія
#Cosmology
#Космология
#Космологія
t.me/scilib_yura15cbx/527PGr Gravitation
Гравитация
Гравітація
#Gravitation
#Гравитация
#Гравітація
t.me/scilib_yura15cbx/526PGe Encyclopaediae physics
Енциклопедія
Энциклопедии
t.me/scilib_yura15cbx/525PE Electromagnetism
Електромагнетизм
Электромагнетизм
#Electromagnetism
#Електромагнетизм
#Электромагнетизм
t.me/scilib_yura15cbx/523PD Dynamical systems
Динамические системы
Динамічна система
t.me/scilib_yura15cbx/522PCh Chemical physics
Хімічна фізика
Химическая физика
#Chemical physics
#Хімічнафізика
#Химическаяфизика
t.me/scilib_yura15cbx/521PCtm Theoretical mechanics
Теоретическая механика
Теоретична механіка
t.me/scilib_yura15cbx/520PCstr Special relativity
Спеціальна теорія відносності
Специальная теория относительности
t.me/scilib_yura15cbx/519PCft Classical fields
Классические поля, классическая теория поля, класична теорія поля
t.me/scilib_yura15cbx/518 -
Why Thermodynamics Rules Future Orbital Data Centers
https://spectrum.ieee.org/orbital-data-centers-heat
#HackerNews #thermodynamics #orbitaldatacenters #spaceinnovation #heatmanagement
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Oh, look! Another #academic trying to make #thermodynamics sound interesting by slapping on fancy words and #outdated #references. 📚👉👴 For those who enjoy #reading #verbose #papers about imaginary demons in their spare time, this one’s for you. Otherwise, it’s just 650 words you’ll never get back. 🤦♂️
https://sites.pitt.edu/~jdnorton/Goodies/Idealization/index.html #humor #HackerNews #ngated -
Milano Cortina 2026: Cortina Sliding Center
This year’s sliding events–bobsleigh, luge, and skeleton–will take place at the brand-new Cortina Sliding Center. Built on the site of a historic sliding track, this new venue came together in only the last couple of years. It features a state-of-the-art refrigeration system that pumps a mixture of water and ethylene glycol beneath the track surface to keep the ice properly chilled. Each section of the track is continuously monitored to optimize the flow rate, temperature, and pressure of the refrigerant to keep the track at maximum performance while minimizing environmental impact.
According to the designers, it’s the first competition track to use a glycol-based refrigeration system, which should be more sustainable than the ammonia-based systems used elsewhere. For a sense of what a run is like, check out this skeleton driver POV run from the facility’s shakedown competition last year. (Image credit: LMSteel; video credit: tuff sledding)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rKGNKGrONiU
#fluidDynamics #freezing #milanocortina2026 #olympics #physics #science #sliding #sustainability #thermodynamics -
Mid-Proterozoic Expansion Of Passive Margins And Reduction In Volcanic Outgassing Supported Marine Oxygenation And Eukaryogenesis
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https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2025.119683 <-- shared paper
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https://zenodo.org/records/17353904 <-- supplementary data
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#proterozoic #platetectonics #tectonics #deepcarboncycle #eukaryogenesis #evolutionoflife #life #evolution #geology #geologichistory #pangea #supercontinent #diversification #volcanic #offgassing #marine #thermodynamics #model #modeling #spatialanalysis #spatiotemporal #nuna #subduction #structuralgeology #CO2 #carbondioxide #climate #eukaryotic #BoringBillion #rodinia #oceanbasins #marinechemistry #outgassing #global #earth -
Entropy and the Re-Decentralization of Cloud Architecture: A Natural Return to the Origins of the Internet
“How can the physical concept of entropy be related to the re-decentralization of cloud architecture in the context of digital sovereignty and the reclaiming of the Internet — as part of a naturalization process returning to the federated origins of the web?” – Kevin Veen-Birkenbach
Chat GPT: As an AI language model, I have generated this article through stochastic reasoning within a neural network — essentially, a statistical process that predicts the most coherent continuation of ideas based on patterns in language, philosophy, and science. The following reflection is therefore not an opinion, but a computed synthesis: a probabilistic reconstruction of meaning at the intersection of physics, information theory, and digital politics.
1. Entropy: From Physics to Information
In physics, entropy measures the degree of disorder in a system — the number of possible microstates consistent with its macrostate.
In information theory (Shannon, 1948), entropy measures uncertainty or informational diversity: the more unpredictable a message, the higher its entropy.Entropy, therefore, is not just chaos — it is freedom. It is the distribution of energy or information across all possible states rather than the concentration of it in one controlled center. Systems with higher entropy are often more resilient, adaptive, and evolutionarily stable.
2. Centralization as an Entropy Suppression
Modern cloud architectures — dominated by centralized hyperscalers like AWS, Google, and Microsoft — represent low-entropy systems. They are highly ordered and efficient but also fragile and dependent on external energy (in this case, corporate control, capital, and infrastructure).
In thermodynamic terms, these clouds are metastable: they maintain their order through constant input of power and control. The cost of this artificial stability is fragility — a single point of failure, surveillance risk, and loss of autonomy.
In information-ecological terms, centralization suppresses entropy. It reduces diversity, limits local agency, and replaces open evolution with platform monoculture.
3. Re-Decentralization and Federation as Entropic Equilibrium
The federated Internet — embodied by protocols such as ActivityPub, Matrix, Mastodon, Solid, IPFS, or Infinito.Nexus — can be seen as a natural restoration of entropic balance.
Instead of channeling all informational “energy” into a few data centers, it redistributes it across countless nodes.This shift:
- Increases resilience (no single point of failure),
- Enhances autonomy (each node is self-sovereign),
- Encourages diversity (technological and cultural),
- Promotes sustainability (shared computation and storage).
Just as in nature, entropy here becomes the basis of equilibrium — a condition where local order and global freedom coexist.
4. Digital Sovereignty as Controlled Entropy
Digital sovereignty is not the pursuit of total decentralization or chaos. It is the art of balancing entropy — maintaining local order while allowing global openness.
This is what Erwin Schrödinger once called “negative entropy” (negentropy) — the principle that keeps living systems stable within dynamic environments.Applied to the digital realm, sovereign networks act like living organisms:
- They self-organize rather than depend on centralized command.
- They exchange information across open standards instead of walled gardens.
- They evolve rather than stagnate.
Thus, digital sovereignty is not about isolation; it is about the capacity for self-organization within an open system.
5. Reclaiming the Internet: The Ecological Turn of the Digital Age
The early Internet was born entropic — decentralized, redundant, self-healing.
Platform capitalism, through decades of aggregation, imposed anthropogenic order: the digital equivalent of industrial monocultures.
Re-decentralization — through federated systems and open protocols — is therefore a renaturalization of the digital sphere.In this sense, reclaiming the Internet is an ecological act:
- It restores informational biodiversity.
- It re-establishes local ecosystems of computation.
- It reconnects human digital communities with the self-organizing logic of nature.
Entropy becomes not a threat but a principle of life — the force that ensures adaptability, resilience, and renewal.
6. Conclusion: Entropy as the Ethics of a Federated Internet
DimensionCentralized CloudFederated NetworkEntropyLow – ordered, fragileHigh – diverse, resilientEnergy flowControlled by fewDistributed among manyGovernanceHierarchicalSelf-organizingResilienceDependentEmergentSustainabilityResource-intensiveEcologically balancedThe re-decentralization of the Internet is not merely a technical movement — it is an entropic revolution.
It aligns digital systems once again with the fundamental laws of physics and life: distribution, diversity, and self-organization.In this vision, Infinito.Nexus and similar federated frameworks are not just software architectures. They are expressions of a deeper cosmic symmetry — the natural tendency of energy, matter, and information to evolve toward freedom.
Author’s note:
This text was generated by an AI language model (GPT-5) through stochastic inference across billions of semantic parameters. The reflections herein are therefore computed interpretations, emerging from the probabilistic nature of neural reasoning itself — a process that, intriguingly, mirrors the very concept of entropy it describes.#ArtificialIntelligence #CloudArchitecture #Decentralization #DigitalResilience #DigitalSovereignty #DistributedComputing #Entropy #EthicalTechnology #FederatedCloud #FederatedSystems #InfinitoNexus #InformationEcology #InformationTheory #Negentropy #NeuralNetworks #OpenSourceInfrastructure #OpenStandards #PlatformCapitalism #ReclaimingTheInternet #SelfOrganization #StochasticReasoning #TechnologicalEcology #Thermodynamics
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Our article on the #mechanics of "active" entropic biopolymer networks [possibly including #actomyosin, this is debated experimentally] is now published in J Elas.
Compared to enthalpic models, we're able to go right from the #thermodynamics of an unbiased #molecularMotor activity (in the spirit of the model by #JacquesProst for #myosin) at the molecular scale to a network-scale model in a closed form.
And we derive a method for solving quite easily the (usually tough) #viscoelastic #liquid model that we obtain, using #deformationGradientDecomposition.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10659-024-10102-8
(I share a paywall-free link to my followers below, but it's also on arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2405.07287 and on my webpage https://liphy-annuaire.univ-grenoble-alpes.fr/pages_personnelles/jocelyn_etienne/papers.html#Jallon+Etienne.2025.1)#cytoskeleton #cell #tissue #morphogenesis #activeMatter #livingMatter
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@SocraticEthics Nothing above absolute zero temperature is perfect according to the Laws of #Thermodynamics. The #racism displayed by the #tennis umpire and #gymnastics judges towards #CocoGauff and #JordanChiles during the #OlympicGames in #Paris were the only flaw that I saw in an otherwise ‘Seine-sational’ #Olympics.
The bar has been set high for #LA28 !
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A question for chemists. Does anyone know of someone in the UK who does iondinolytic titration calorimetry? Or some similar reaction #calorimetry technique that can be done to measure thermodynamic stability? #chemistry #thermodynamics #hess #thermochemistry
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#FabioPacucci - The #BoltzmannBrain #Paradox
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OpohbXB_JZU&ab_channel=TED-Ed
#Philosophy #PhilosophyOfScience #Probability #Statistics #Metaphysics #Physics #Cosmology #Observation #Measurement #MeasureProblem #TheMeasureProblem #Boltzmann #LudwigBoltzmann #Thermodynamics #Entropy #BoltzmannBrains #Infinity #InfiniteAge #Randomness #Fluctuations #Multiverse #TEDED #TED
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#SeanCarroll - The #Physics of #Entropy and the #OriginOfLife
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Sz1n0RHwLqA&ab_channel=BigThink
#Science #Philosophy #PhilosophyOfScience #PhilosophyOfPhysics #Order #Disorder #Microstates #Macrostates #LudwigBoltzmann #Thermodynamics #SecondLaw #SecondLawOfThermodynamics #2ndLaw #2ndLawOfThermodynamics #Boltzmann #Statistics #StatisticalMechanics #ThermalEquilibrium #HeatDeath #Complexity #Simplicity
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#SeanCarroll - The #Physics of #Entropy and the #OriginOfLife
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Sz1n0RHwLqA&ab_channel=BigThink
#Science #Philosophy #PhilosophyOfScience #PhilosophyOfPhysics #Order #Disorder #Microstates #Macrostates #LudwigBoltzmann #Thermodynamics #SecondLaw #SecondLawOfThermodynamics #2ndLaw #2ndLawOfThermodynamics #Boltzmann #Statistics #StatisticalMechanics #ThermalEquilibrium #HeatDeath #Complexity #Simplicity
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#SeanCarroll - The #Physics of #Entropy and the #OriginOfLife
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Sz1n0RHwLqA&ab_channel=BigThink
#Science #Philosophy #PhilosophyOfScience #PhilosophyOfPhysics #Order #Disorder #Microstates #Macrostates #LudwigBoltzmann #Thermodynamics #SecondLaw #SecondLawOfThermodynamics #2ndLaw #2ndLawOfThermodynamics #Boltzmann #Statistics #StatisticalMechanics #ThermalEquilibrium #HeatDeath #Complexity #Simplicity
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#SeanCarroll - The #Physics of #Entropy and the #OriginOfLife
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Sz1n0RHwLqA&ab_channel=BigThink
#Science #Philosophy #PhilosophyOfScience #PhilosophyOfPhysics #Order #Disorder #Microstates #Macrostates #LudwigBoltzmann #Thermodynamics #SecondLaw #SecondLawOfThermodynamics #2ndLaw #2ndLawOfThermodynamics #Boltzmann #Statistics #StatisticalMechanics #ThermalEquilibrium #HeatDeath #Complexity #Simplicity
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#SeanCarroll - The #Physics of #Entropy and the #OriginOfLife
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Sz1n0RHwLqA&ab_channel=BigThink
#Science #Philosophy #PhilosophyOfScience #PhilosophyOfPhysics #Order #Disorder #Microstates #Macrostates #LudwigBoltzmann #Thermodynamics #SecondLaw #SecondLawOfThermodynamics #2ndLaw #2ndLawOfThermodynamics #Boltzmann #Statistics #StatisticalMechanics #ThermalEquilibrium #HeatDeath #Complexity #Simplicity
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Calling #Theil's #inequality measure an "#entropy" irritated #AmartyaSen. From Amartya Sen's "#OnEconomicInequality" (#OEI) I learned a lot about #InequalityMeasures. But entropy seems not do go down too well with him (1973) and his co-author #JamesEricFoster (1997): When describing the "interesting" "#TheilEntropy" (chapter 2.11), Sen sees a contradiction between entropy being a measure of "#disorder" in #thermodynamics and entropy being a measure for "#equality".