#castelsantangelo — Public Fediverse posts

Antipope Clement III

A.k.a. Guibert or Wibert of Ravenna. Born circa 1029-September 8, 1100.

Before becoming a man of political & religious intrigue, he was a brilliant administrator with deep aristocratic roots in Parma. He was an Italian prelate. He managed the Holy Roman Empire’s interests in Italy under Empress Agnes. This proved his loyalty to the imperial crown, giving him the title of Imperial Chancellor of Italy (1057-1063) @ 28 years old.

He appointed the archbishop of Ravenna in 1072. Ravenna was 1 of the most powerful & wealthy sees in Italy. Historically independent-minded & frequently at odds with Rome’s dominance. When Pope Gregory VII took office in 1073, determined to take away the influence of secular rulers over the Church, Guibert/Clement initially swore allegiance to him.

Gregory was the leader of the movement in the church that opposed the traditional claim of European monarchs to control ecclesiastical appointments. This was opposed by supporters of monarchical rights led by the Holy Roman Emperor. This led to the conflict known as the Investiture Controversy. Guibert/Clement & Gregory held completely differing worldviews.

Guibert/Clement believed the Emperor & the Pope should rule together as co-rulers. Gregory believed the Pope answered only to God & sat above all earthly kings. Many felt that Gregory had gone too far when he excommunicated the Holy Roman Emperor Henry IV & supported a rival claimant as emperor.

By 1076, Guibert/Clement openly broke with Gregory, aligning himself with the Holy Roman Emperor Henry IV. In 1080, the pro-imperial Synod of Brixen pronounced that Gregory was dethroned & replaced as Pope by Guibert/Clement.

In retaliation, Henry gathered a Synod of loyal German & Italian bishops at Brixen in June 1080. The assembly declared Pope Gregory deposed, citing wild allegations of heresy. They elected Guibert of Ravenna as Pope Clement III. For the next 4 years, Henry IV waged a military campaign across Italy to install his chosen Pope in Rome.

Officially consecrated as Pope Clement III in Rome in March 1084, he commanded a significant following there and elsewhere. In 1084, Henry’s army breached the city walls. Gregory VII was forced to barricade himself inside the Castel Sant’Angelo while Clement III was triumphantly consecrated at the Basilica of St. John Lateran. Days later, on Easter Sunday, Clement III fulfilled his end of the bargain by officially crowning Henry IV as Holy Roman Emperor.

Pope Clement III reigned in opposition to 4 successive Popes in the anti-imperial line: Gregory VII, Victor III, Urban II & Paschal II. After his death & burial at Civita Castellan in 1100, he was celebrated locally as a miracle-working saint. But Paschal II &, the anti-imperial party, soon subjected him to damnation memoriae (a Latin phrase meaning “condemnation of memory” or “damnation of memory”), which included the exhuming & dumping of his remains in the Tiber River.

Even in death, Clement terrified his rivals. Local citizens immediately claimed that miracles were happening and claimed that he was a saint. Alarmed by the prospect of a dead antipope inspiring a cult following, Pope Paschal II ordered Clement’s body dug up, weighted with stones, & thrown into the Tiber River to erase his memory.

Clement’s grip on power only began to slip in the late 1090s as the popularity of the First Crusade galvanized Europe behind Pope Urban II. When Urban II passed away, his successor, Paschal II, successfully rallied the Roman populace to drive Clement out of the city for good. Clement retreated to his strongholds in the north, eventually dying in Civita Castellana in September 1100.

His followers elected a successor to Guibert, the Antipope Theodoric, who, however, wasn’t a serious threat to the Popes of the anti-imperial line, now considered canonical.

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Travel Thursday: Castel Sant’Angelo Rome, Italy.

Castel Sant’Angelo is one of Rome’s most fascinating landmarks, with nearly 2,000 years of history. Built in the 2nd century as Emperor Hadrian’s mausoleum, it later served as a fortress, papal residence, military stronghold, and even a prison. A secret passage, known as the Passetto di Borgo, connected the castle to St. Peter’s Basilica, allowing popes to escape during times of danger. Today, visitors can explore its historic rooms, walk along the massive defensive walls, and enjoy one of the most spectacular panoramic views of Rome from the rooftop terrace, where the bronze statue of the Archangel Michael commemorates the legend that gave the castle its name.

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Ponte Elio e Castelo Sant'Angelo, Roma, c.1930 - Scrocchi Foto Cartolina

https://www.ebid.net/uk/for-sale/ponte-elio-e-castelo-sant-angelo-roma-c-1930-scrocchi-foto-cartolina-243083013.htm

#Roma #Rome #CastelSantAngelo

Castel Sant'Angelo, Rome, Italy

📸 Italian Holiday

#travel #photography #castelsantangelo

Castel Sant'Angelo, Roma, c.1910s - Alterocca Cartolina

https://www.ebid.net/uk/for-sale/castel-sant-angelo-roma-c-1910s-alterocca-cartolina-223269174.htm

#Roma #Rome #CastelSantAngelo

Tiber River, Rome
#italia #italy #CastelSantAngelo #photography #fotografia #fotografie #canon

City of Rome by night in Italy, Castle of the Holy Angel (Castel Sant Angelo), Mausoleum of Hadrian and St Angelo Bridge on Tiber River. https://fineartamerica.com/featured/castle-and-bridge-in-rome-at-night-artur-bogacki.html #Rome #Italy #night #castle #medieval #CastelSantAngelo #bridge #Tiber #travel #photography #buyintoart #ayearforart #mastoart #fineart

Medieval wall with battlement of Castle of the Holy Angel (Castel Sant Angelo) at sunset in Rome, Italy. https://fineartamerica.com/featured/castle-wall-with-battlement-at-sunset-artur-bogacki.html #castle #wall #castlewall #battlement #fortification #medieval #history #fineart #photography #CastelSantAngelo #Rome #Italy #fortress #art #sunset #buyintoart #ayearforart #mastoart

City of Rome by night in Italy. Castle of the Holy Angel (Castel Sant Angelo), an ancient Mausoleum of Hadrian and St Angelo Bridge over Tiber River.
https://artur-bogacki.pixels.com/featured/castle-and-bridge-in-rome-at-night-artur-bogacki.html #Rome #Italy #castle #bridge #river #CastelSantAngelo #TiberRiver #night #Italian #travel #photography #print #fineart #wallart #art #mastoart #AYearForArt #BuyIntoArt #fortification #ancient #Roman #history #Hadrian #Europe #SantAngelo

La Madonnella dell'Arco dei Banchi si trova in un angolo sconosciuto ai più, su una parete in via Arco dei Banchi, che è una traversa di via del Banco di Santo Spirito situata dietro #CastelSantAngelo a #Roma.
Trovate la sua storia qui:
https://www.prolocoroma.it/via-arco-dei-banchi-a-roma/

Il soffitto del vicoletto è affrescato come un cielo stellato.
Il tutto reso indimenticabile dal quartiere in cui gli effluvi di trattorie e forni esaltano la cucina romana.

#RomaSegreta
#LuoghiMagici
#cosebelle
#LeStorieDiDonnaJacinta