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#federaltroops — Public Fediverse posts

Live and recent posts from across the Fediverse tagged #federaltroops, aggregated by home.social.

  1. ‘The cavalry’s coming!’: Indigenous activism from 1492 to Standing Rock

    Famed Indigenous activists like Leonard Peltier and Madonna Thunder Hawk and younger activists shared their thoughts with ICT about the evolution of Indigenous activism from the rise of the American Indian Movement in the 1960s to Standing Rock and beyond.

    by Kevin Abourezk, May 11, 2026

    #CannonballND – "The field is serene. The blades of brown grass, not yet awakened by spring rains, sway gently. In the distance, the #MissouriRiver cuts a blue streak across the unbroken plains. The silence is punctuated only by the sound of passing cars and the low hum of rushing water in nearby #CannonballRiver.

    "But if you listen carefully, you can hear defiant voices shouting and then screaming.

    "Ten years ago, this land exploded.

    "For nearly a year, from April 2016 to February 2017, thousands of people stood strong against #MilitarizedPolice, #FederalTroops and #PrivateSecurityForces [#Blackwater] hired to protect the 1,176-mile #DakotaAccessPipeline. They gathered to resist a private corporation’s efforts to build a pipeline less than a mile from the #StandingRockSioux Reservation near the #NorthDakota-#SouthDakota border.

    "In the end, they were forced to evacuate their camps as authorities quieted, but never fully extinguished, the uprising. Some would say the fire that ignited at #StandingRock was lit decades earlier by #NativeActivists who fought oppression and violence in the 1960s and 1970s.

    "While Native people have resisted #colonization and its impacts since 1492, the rise of the American Indian Movement in the 1960s marked a turning point in the efforts of Native people to join together and speak in one voice. That torch of resistance was carried all the way from places like #AlcatrazIsland and #WoundedKnee to a field near the Missouri River in 2016.

    "The #NoDAPL movement reached its height on Nov. 20, 2016, when hundreds of water protectors gathered on a bridge to clear two burned-out trucks that impeded a public roadway that provided access to the pipeline drill site and to the camp. The confrontation was the most violent clash between water protectors and authorities during the protest and led to nearly 200 people being injured, some seriously."

    Read more:
    ictnews.org/news/the-cavalrys-

    #USPol #NativeAmericanActivism #StandWithStandingRock #NativeAmericanHistory #Resistance #IndigenousResistance #Colonialism #CorporateColonialism

  2. ‘The cavalry’s coming!’: Indigenous activism from 1492 to Standing Rock

    Famed Indigenous activists like Leonard Peltier and Madonna Thunder Hawk and younger activists shared their thoughts with ICT about the evolution of Indigenous activism from the rise of the American Indian Movement in the 1960s to Standing Rock and beyond.

    by Kevin Abourezk, May 11, 2026

    #CannonballND – "The field is serene. The blades of brown grass, not yet awakened by spring rains, sway gently. In the distance, the #MissouriRiver cuts a blue streak across the unbroken plains. The silence is punctuated only by the sound of passing cars and the low hum of rushing water in nearby #CannonballRiver.

    "But if you listen carefully, you can hear defiant voices shouting and then screaming.

    "Ten years ago, this land exploded.

    "For nearly a year, from April 2016 to February 2017, thousands of people stood strong against #MilitarizedPolice, #FederalTroops and #PrivateSecurityForces [#Blackwater] hired to protect the 1,176-mile #DakotaAccessPipeline. They gathered to resist a private corporation’s efforts to build a pipeline less than a mile from the #StandingRockSioux Reservation near the #NorthDakota-#SouthDakota border.

    "In the end, they were forced to evacuate their camps as authorities quieted, but never fully extinguished, the uprising. Some would say the fire that ignited at #StandingRock was lit decades earlier by #NativeActivists who fought oppression and violence in the 1960s and 1970s.

    "While Native people have resisted #colonization and its impacts since 1492, the rise of the American Indian Movement in the 1960s marked a turning point in the efforts of Native people to join together and speak in one voice. That torch of resistance was carried all the way from places like #AlcatrazIsland and #WoundedKnee to a field near the Missouri River in 2016.

    "The #NoDAPL movement reached its height on Nov. 20, 2016, when hundreds of water protectors gathered on a bridge to clear two burned-out trucks that impeded a public roadway that provided access to the pipeline drill site and to the camp. The confrontation was the most violent clash between water protectors and authorities during the protest and led to nearly 200 people being injured, some seriously."

    Read more:
    ictnews.org/news/the-cavalrys-

    #USPol #NativeAmericanActivism #StandWithStandingRock #NativeAmericanHistory #Resistance #IndigenousResistance #Colonialism #CorporateColonialism

  3. ‘The cavalry’s coming!’: Indigenous activism from 1492 to Standing Rock

    Famed Indigenous activists like Leonard Peltier and Madonna Thunder Hawk and younger activists shared their thoughts with ICT about the evolution of Indigenous activism from the rise of the American Indian Movement in the 1960s to Standing Rock and beyond.

    by Kevin Abourezk, May 11, 2026

    #CannonballND – "The field is serene. The blades of brown grass, not yet awakened by spring rains, sway gently. In the distance, the #MissouriRiver cuts a blue streak across the unbroken plains. The silence is punctuated only by the sound of passing cars and the low hum of rushing water in nearby #CannonballRiver.

    "But if you listen carefully, you can hear defiant voices shouting and then screaming.

    "Ten years ago, this land exploded.

    "For nearly a year, from April 2016 to February 2017, thousands of people stood strong against #MilitarizedPolice, #FederalTroops and #PrivateSecurityForces [#Blackwater] hired to protect the 1,176-mile #DakotaAccessPipeline. They gathered to resist a private corporation’s efforts to build a pipeline less than a mile from the #StandingRockSioux Reservation near the #NorthDakota-#SouthDakota border.

    "In the end, they were forced to evacuate their camps as authorities quieted, but never fully extinguished, the uprising. Some would say the fire that ignited at #StandingRock was lit decades earlier by #NativeActivists who fought oppression and violence in the 1960s and 1970s.

    "While Native people have resisted #colonization and its impacts since 1492, the rise of the American Indian Movement in the 1960s marked a turning point in the efforts of Native people to join together and speak in one voice. That torch of resistance was carried all the way from places like #AlcatrazIsland and #WoundedKnee to a field near the Missouri River in 2016.

    "The #NoDAPL movement reached its height on Nov. 20, 2016, when hundreds of water protectors gathered on a bridge to clear two burned-out trucks that impeded a public roadway that provided access to the pipeline drill site and to the camp. The confrontation was the most violent clash between water protectors and authorities during the protest and led to nearly 200 people being injured, some seriously."

    Read more:
    ictnews.org/news/the-cavalrys-

    #USPol #NativeAmericanActivism #StandWithStandingRock #NativeAmericanHistory #Resistance #IndigenousResistance #Colonialism #CorporateColonialism

  4. ‘The cavalry’s coming!’: Indigenous activism from 1492 to Standing Rock

    Famed Indigenous activists like Leonard Peltier and Madonna Thunder Hawk and younger activists shared their thoughts with ICT about the evolution of Indigenous activism from the rise of the American Indian Movement in the 1960s to Standing Rock and beyond.

    by Kevin Abourezk, May 11, 2026

    #CannonballND – "The field is serene. The blades of brown grass, not yet awakened by spring rains, sway gently. In the distance, the #MissouriRiver cuts a blue streak across the unbroken plains. The silence is punctuated only by the sound of passing cars and the low hum of rushing water in nearby #CannonballRiver.

    "But if you listen carefully, you can hear defiant voices shouting and then screaming.

    "Ten years ago, this land exploded.

    "For nearly a year, from April 2016 to February 2017, thousands of people stood strong against #MilitarizedPolice, #FederalTroops and #PrivateSecurityForces [#Blackwater] hired to protect the 1,176-mile #DakotaAccessPipeline. They gathered to resist a private corporation’s efforts to build a pipeline less than a mile from the #StandingRockSioux Reservation near the #NorthDakota-#SouthDakota border.

    "In the end, they were forced to evacuate their camps as authorities quieted, but never fully extinguished, the uprising. Some would say the fire that ignited at #StandingRock was lit decades earlier by #NativeActivists who fought oppression and violence in the 1960s and 1970s.

    "While Native people have resisted #colonization and its impacts since 1492, the rise of the American Indian Movement in the 1960s marked a turning point in the efforts of Native people to join together and speak in one voice. That torch of resistance was carried all the way from places like #AlcatrazIsland and #WoundedKnee to a field near the Missouri River in 2016.

    "The #NoDAPL movement reached its height on Nov. 20, 2016, when hundreds of water protectors gathered on a bridge to clear two burned-out trucks that impeded a public roadway that provided access to the pipeline drill site and to the camp. The confrontation was the most violent clash between water protectors and authorities during the protest and led to nearly 200 people being injured, some seriously."

    Read more:
    ictnews.org/news/the-cavalrys-

    #USPol #NativeAmericanActivism #StandWithStandingRock #NativeAmericanHistory #Resistance #IndigenousResistance #Colonialism #CorporateColonialism

  5. ‘The cavalry’s coming!’: Indigenous activism from 1492 to Standing Rock

    Famed Indigenous activists like Leonard Peltier and Madonna Thunder Hawk and younger activists shared their thoughts with ICT about the evolution of Indigenous activism from the rise of the American Indian Movement in the 1960s to Standing Rock and beyond.

    by Kevin Abourezk, May 11, 2026

    #CannonballND – "The field is serene. The blades of brown grass, not yet awakened by spring rains, sway gently. In the distance, the #MissouriRiver cuts a blue streak across the unbroken plains. The silence is punctuated only by the sound of passing cars and the low hum of rushing water in nearby #CannonballRiver.

    "But if you listen carefully, you can hear defiant voices shouting and then screaming.

    "Ten years ago, this land exploded.

    "For nearly a year, from April 2016 to February 2017, thousands of people stood strong against #MilitarizedPolice, #FederalTroops and #PrivateSecurityForces [#Blackwater] hired to protect the 1,176-mile #DakotaAccessPipeline. They gathered to resist a private corporation’s efforts to build a pipeline less than a mile from the #StandingRockSioux Reservation near the #NorthDakota-#SouthDakota border.

    "In the end, they were forced to evacuate their camps as authorities quieted, but never fully extinguished, the uprising. Some would say the fire that ignited at #StandingRock was lit decades earlier by #NativeActivists who fought oppression and violence in the 1960s and 1970s.

    "While Native people have resisted #colonization and its impacts since 1492, the rise of the American Indian Movement in the 1960s marked a turning point in the efforts of Native people to join together and speak in one voice. That torch of resistance was carried all the way from places like #AlcatrazIsland and #WoundedKnee to a field near the Missouri River in 2016.

    "The #NoDAPL movement reached its height on Nov. 20, 2016, when hundreds of water protectors gathered on a bridge to clear two burned-out trucks that impeded a public roadway that provided access to the pipeline drill site and to the camp. The confrontation was the most violent clash between water protectors and authorities during the protest and led to nearly 200 people being injured, some seriously."

    Read more:
    ictnews.org/news/the-cavalrys-

    #USPol #NativeAmericanActivism #StandWithStandingRock #NativeAmericanHistory #Resistance #IndigenousResistance #Colonialism #CorporateColonialism

  6. KENNEDY NAVIGATES POLITICAL CURRENTS: A TALE OF FEDERAL ACTION AND CAREFUL RHETORIC

    Federal troops sent to Alabama to enforce civil rights laws. See how this impacts residents and what happens next.

    #AlabamaCivilRights, #FederalTroops, #CivilRightsEnforcement, #JFKAdministration, #Segregation

    newsletter.tf/alabama-civil-ri

  7. "WASHINGTON (AP) — The Trump administration’s high-profile deployment of federal troops to six U.S. cities has cost taxpayers roughly $496 million through the end of December, and continued deployment could cost over $1 billion for the rest of the year, according to new data from the nonpartisan Congressional Budget Office.

    "President Donald Trump has justified sending National Guard troops into U.S. cities as part of an effort to combat crime and support local law enforcement. Critics of the move argue the deployments undermine state and local authority and exceed the president’s authority under the Constitution."

    #NationalGuard #Deployment #FederalTroops #USPolitics #DomesticDeployment
    apnews.com/article/trump-cbo-n

  8. "WASHINGTON (AP) — The Trump administration’s high-profile deployment of federal troops to six U.S. cities has cost taxpayers roughly $496 million through the end of December, and continued deployment could cost over $1 billion for the rest of the year, according to new data from the nonpartisan Congressional Budget Office.

    "President Donald Trump has justified sending National Guard troops into U.S. cities as part of an effort to combat crime and support local law enforcement. Critics of the move argue the deployments undermine state and local authority and exceed the president’s authority under the Constitution."

    #NationalGuard #Deployment #FederalTroops #USPolitics #DomesticDeployment
    apnews.com/article/trump-cbo-n

  9. "WASHINGTON (AP) — The Trump administration’s high-profile deployment of federal troops to six U.S. cities has cost taxpayers roughly $496 million through the end of December, and continued deployment could cost over $1 billion for the rest of the year, according to new data from the nonpartisan Congressional Budget Office.

    "President Donald Trump has justified sending National Guard troops into U.S. cities as part of an effort to combat crime and support local law enforcement. Critics of the move argue the deployments undermine state and local authority and exceed the president’s authority under the Constitution."

    #NationalGuard #Deployment #FederalTroops #USPolitics #DomesticDeployment
    apnews.com/article/trump-cbo-n

  10. "WASHINGTON (AP) — The Trump administration’s high-profile deployment of federal troops to six U.S. cities has cost taxpayers roughly $496 million through the end of December, and continued deployment could cost over $1 billion for the rest of the year, according to new data from the nonpartisan Congressional Budget Office.

    "President Donald Trump has justified sending National Guard troops into U.S. cities as part of an effort to combat crime and support local law enforcement. Critics of the move argue the deployments undermine state and local authority and exceed the president’s authority under the Constitution."

    #NationalGuard #Deployment #FederalTroops #USPolitics #DomesticDeployment
    apnews.com/article/trump-cbo-n

  11. "WASHINGTON (AP) — The Trump administration’s high-profile deployment of federal troops to six U.S. cities has cost taxpayers roughly $496 million through the end of December, and continued deployment could cost over $1 billion for the rest of the year, according to new data from the nonpartisan Congressional Budget Office.

    "President Donald Trump has justified sending National Guard troops into U.S. cities as part of an effort to combat crime and support local law enforcement. Critics of the move argue the deployments undermine state and local authority and exceed the president’s authority under the Constitution."

    #NationalGuard #Deployment #FederalTroops #USPolitics #DomesticDeployment
    apnews.com/article/trump-cbo-n

  12. 5. Trump’s economic policies are politically disastrous.

    6. The White House’s redistricting push is a wash at best.

    7. Europe has stepped up where the U.S. has failed.

    8. Trump’s corruption and narcissism are turning off voters.

    9. The MAGA coalition is fracturing badly.

    10. We’ve only scratched the surface of the Epstein files.

    #Trump #NewYear #DOGE #AbregoGarcia #DOJ #ICE #MaskedThugs #FederalTroops #economy #inflation #prices #groceries #jobs #gerrymandering #Epstein
    /6

  13. Jay Kuo provides a list of ten reasons to be hopeful that Trump and MAGA are on the ropes as a new year begins:

    1. DOGE went down in disgrace.

    2. Abrego Garcia was freed, with the DOJ itself now facing accountability.

    3. Trump’s federal troop deployment was kneecapped.

    4. Censorship and persecution of Trump’s enemies are failing.

    #Trump #NewYear #DOGE #AbregoGarcia #DOJ #ICE #MaskedThugs #FederalTroops #economy #inflation #prices #groceries #jobs
    /5

    statuskuo.substack.com/p/maga-

  14. RE: mas.to/@markwyner/115527129188

    Just a week ago @ProPublica nailed it about the truth of Portland. They exposed how propaganda triggered escalation from fascists, claiming that we’re a “war ravaged.”

    Now they’ve published receipts that specifically point to FOX’s propaganda (no surprise, of course).

    I’m a paid subscriber to ProPublica. I recommend supporting them.

    propublica.org/article/portlan

    #Portland #PDX #ICE #FederalTroops #WarRavagedPortland #NationalGuard

  15. RE: mas.to/@markwyner/115527129188

    Just a week ago @ProPublica nailed it about the truth of Portland. They exposed how propaganda triggered escalation from fascists, claiming that we’re a “war ravaged.”

    Now they’ve published receipts that specifically point to FOX’s propaganda (no surprise, of course).

    I’m a paid subscriber to ProPublica. I recommend supporting them.

    propublica.org/article/portlan

    #Portland #PDX #ICE #FederalTroops #WarRavagedPortland #NationalGuard

  16. RE: mas.to/@markwyner/115527129188

    Just a week ago @ProPublica nailed it about the truth of Portland. They exposed how propaganda triggered escalation from fascists, claiming that we’re a “war ravaged.”

    Now they’ve published receipts that specifically point to FOX’s propaganda (no surprise, of course).

    I’m a paid subscriber to ProPublica. I recommend supporting them.

    propublica.org/article/portlan

    #Portland #PDX #ICE #FederalTroops #WarRavagedPortland #NationalGuard

  17. RE: mas.to/@markwyner/115527129188

    Just a week ago @ProPublica nailed it about the truth of Portland. They exposed how propaganda triggered escalation from fascists, claiming that we’re a “war ravaged.”

    Now they’ve published receipts that specifically point to FOX’s propaganda (no surprise, of course).

    I’m a paid subscriber to ProPublica. I recommend supporting them.

    propublica.org/article/portlan

  18. RE: mas.to/@markwyner/115527129188

    Just a week ago @ProPublica nailed it about the truth of Portland. They exposed how propaganda triggered escalation from fascists, claiming that we’re a “war ravaged.”

    Now they’ve published receipts that specifically point to FOX’s propaganda (no surprise, of course).

    I’m a paid subscriber to ProPublica. I recommend supporting them.

    propublica.org/article/portlan

    #Portland #PDX #ICE #FederalTroops #WarRavagedPortland #NationalGuard

  19. October 7, 2025: Attorney General Pam Bondi spars with the Senate Judiciary Committee | CNN Politics

    October 7, 2025: Attorney General Pam Bondi spars with the Senate Judiciary Committee

    By Hannah Rabinowitz, Holmes Lybrand, Jeremy Herb and Casey Gannon, CNN

    Updated 2:37 PM EDT, Tue October 7, 2025

    U.S. Attorney General Pam Bondi attends a Senate Judiciary Committee oversight hearing, on Capitol Hill in Washington, D.C., U.S., October 7, 2025. REUTERS /Kent Nishimura Kent Nishimura / Reuters

    What we covered here

    • Attorney General Pam Bondi testified for a contentious 4 and a half hours before the Senate Judiciary Committee on Tuesday.

    • Bondi continuously deflected questions from Democrats on controversial issues, including the Jeffery Epstein files, prosecution of former FBI Director James Comey and legal rationale for using the national guard in US cities.

    • The hearing comes one day before Comey is set to be arraigned in federal court. His recent indictment by a federal grand jury was an extraordinary escalation in President Donald Trump’s effort to prosecute his political enemies.

    20 Posts 5 hr 9 min ago

    Our live coverage of the Senate Judiciary Committee hearing has ended for the day. Click here to read the takeaways. 5 hr 9 min ago

    Takeaways from Bondi’s 4 and a half hour Senate hearing

    From CNN’s Jeremy Herb, Hannah Rabinowitz and Holmes Lybrand

    U.S. Attorney General Pam Bondi testifies before the Senate Judiciary Committee today.Alex Wong/Getty Images

    Democrats and Republicans repeatedly talked past one another throughout the hearing with Attorney General Pam Bondi, pointing fingers across the aisle over who was to blame for weaponizing the Justice Department.

    Here are the key takeaways:

    Deflect and attack: Bondi fended off questions on the investigation into accused sex-trafficker Jeffrey Epstein, National Guard deployments, and investigations into Trump’s political enemies, using quick-one liners to deflect and personal attacks to push back against Democrats.

    Democrats press Bondi on Trump’s influence: Democrats pointed to numerous examples they say show Bondi has failed to keep the Justice Department independent from the whims and wishes of the president.

    Republicans jump on news FBI reviewed senators’ phone records: Several Republican senators pointed to the release of documents the night before Tuesday’s hearing that showed the phone records of eight Republican senators and a House lawmaker were obtained as part of the special counsel’s investigation into Trump and 2020 election interference.

    Bondi and GOP defend going after Comey: Bondi and a former Republican chairman of the Senate Judiciary Committee defended the indictment of Comey during Tuesday’s hearing, one day before he’s set to be arraigned on charges that he allegedly lied to Congress in 2020 testimony. Bondi said several times that the Alexandria, Virginia, grand jury that handed up the indictment was a “liberal” one.

    Read more.

    Editor’s Note: There are a number of blog posts here, and online about Jack Smith. His report is covered. Use this to see the coverage.

    Continue/Read Original Article Here: October 7, 2025: Attorney General Pam Bondi spars with the Senate Judiciary Committee | CNN Politics

    #2025 #America #Attack #AttorneyGeneral #CNN #CNNPolitics #Contentious #Defect #Delay #DepartmentOfJustice #DOJ #DonaldTrump #Education #FederalTroops #Health #Hearing #History #Ice #Libraries #Library #LibraryOfCongress #Opinion #PamBondi #Politics #Resistance #Science #SparringSenators #Trump #TrumpAdministration #USSenate #UnitedStates

  20. October 7, 2025: Attorney General Pam Bondi spars with the Senate Judiciary Committee | CNN Politics

    October 7, 2025: Attorney General Pam Bondi spars with the Senate Judiciary Committee

    By Hannah Rabinowitz, Holmes Lybrand, Jeremy Herb and Casey Gannon, CNN

    Updated 2:37 PM EDT, Tue October 7, 2025

    U.S. Attorney General Pam Bondi attends a Senate Judiciary Committee oversight hearing, on Capitol Hill in Washington, D.C., U.S., October 7, 2025. REUTERS /Kent Nishimura Kent Nishimura / Reuters

    What we covered here

    • Attorney General Pam Bondi testified for a contentious 4 and a half hours before the Senate Judiciary Committee on Tuesday.

    • Bondi continuously deflected questions from Democrats on controversial issues, including the Jeffery Epstein files, prosecution of former FBI Director James Comey and legal rationale for using the national guard in US cities.

    • The hearing comes one day before Comey is set to be arraigned in federal court. His recent indictment by a federal grand jury was an extraordinary escalation in President Donald Trump’s effort to prosecute his political enemies.

    20 Posts 5 hr 9 min ago

    Our live coverage of the Senate Judiciary Committee hearing has ended for the day. Click here to read the takeaways. 5 hr 9 min ago

    Takeaways from Bondi’s 4 and a half hour Senate hearing

    From CNN’s Jeremy Herb, Hannah Rabinowitz and Holmes Lybrand

    U.S. Attorney General Pam Bondi testifies before the Senate Judiciary Committee today.Alex Wong/Getty Images

    Democrats and Republicans repeatedly talked past one another throughout the hearing with Attorney General Pam Bondi, pointing fingers across the aisle over who was to blame for weaponizing the Justice Department.

    Here are the key takeaways:

    Deflect and attack: Bondi fended off questions on the investigation into accused sex-trafficker Jeffrey Epstein, National Guard deployments, and investigations into Trump’s political enemies, using quick-one liners to deflect and personal attacks to push back against Democrats.

    Democrats press Bondi on Trump’s influence: Democrats pointed to numerous examples they say show Bondi has failed to keep the Justice Department independent from the whims and wishes of the president.

    Republicans jump on news FBI reviewed senators’ phone records: Several Republican senators pointed to the release of documents the night before Tuesday’s hearing that showed the phone records of eight Republican senators and a House lawmaker were obtained as part of the special counsel’s investigation into Trump and 2020 election interference.

    Bondi and GOP defend going after Comey: Bondi and a former Republican chairman of the Senate Judiciary Committee defended the indictment of Comey during Tuesday’s hearing, one day before he’s set to be arraigned on charges that he allegedly lied to Congress in 2020 testimony. Bondi said several times that the Alexandria, Virginia, grand jury that handed up the indictment was a “liberal” one.

    Read more.

    Editor’s Note: There are a number of blog posts here, and online about Jack Smith. His report is covered. Use this to see the coverage.

    Continue/Read Original Article Here: October 7, 2025: Attorney General Pam Bondi spars with the Senate Judiciary Committee | CNN Politics

    #2025 #America #Attack #AttorneyGeneral #CNN #CNNPolitics #Contentious #Defect #Delay #DepartmentOfJustice #DOJ #DonaldTrump #Education #FederalTroops #Health #Hearing #History #Ice #Libraries #Library #LibraryOfCongress #Opinion #PamBondi #Politics #Resistance #Science #SparringSenators #Trump #TrumpAdministration #USSenate #UnitedStates