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484 results for “Caromp”
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👋 Meet Carolina Pradier 🇦🇷 🇨🇦
She researches gender inequalities in science through bibliometrics.
Maintainer of {eph}, Argentina's Permanent Household Survey Data and Manipulation Utilities. Carolina is a participant in the rOpenSci's Champions Program.Find her at:
🌐 https://cpradier.netlify.app
🐙 https://github.com/caropradier -
👋 Meet Carolina Pradier 🇦🇷 🇨🇦
She researches gender inequalities in science through bibliometrics.
Maintainer of {eph}, Argentina's Permanent Household Survey Data and Manipulation Utilities. Carolina is a participant in the rOpenSci's Champions Program.Find her at:
🌐 https://cpradier.netlify.app
🐙 https://github.com/caropradier -
🎭👹🐲🎉 Carnaval contre les pesticides et la loi Duplomb – dimanche 26 avril dernier à Tours, Indre-et-Loire 🎉🐲👹🎭
1000 personnes se sont rassemblées à Tours ce dimanche pour dire non à la loi Duplomb et exiger la fin des pesticides
À l’appel de la Confédération paysanne, GABTO, @CaroProust, @tours, centre social Plurielles, réseau des AMAP 37, Greenpeace, @comite_sdlt_tours, Collectif Santé 37, association Naya, Solidaires 37, les ami.es de la conf et l’association UFC-Que Choisir, ce rassemblement a mis en lumière la mobilisation populaire contre un système agrochimique meurtrier.
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🎭👹🐲🎉 Carnaval contre les pesticides et la loi Duplomb – dimanche 26 avril dernier à Tours, Indre-et-Loire 🎉🐲👹🎭
1000 personnes se sont rassemblées à Tours ce dimanche pour dire non à la loi Duplomb et exiger la fin des pesticides
À l’appel de la Confédération paysanne, GABTO, @CaroProust, @tours, centre social Plurielles, réseau des AMAP 37, Greenpeace, @comite_sdlt_tours, Collectif Santé 37, association Naya, Solidaires 37, les ami.es de la conf et l’association UFC-Que Choisir, ce rassemblement a mis en lumière la mobilisation populaire contre un système agrochimique meurtrier.
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🎭👹🐲🎉 Carnaval contre les pesticides et la loi Duplomb – dimanche 26 avril dernier à Tours, Indre-et-Loire 🎉🐲👹🎭
1000 personnes se sont rassemblées à Tours ce dimanche pour dire non à la loi Duplomb et exiger la fin des pesticides
À l’appel de la Confédération paysanne, GABTO, @CaroProust, @tours, centre social Plurielles, réseau des AMAP 37, Greenpeace, @comite_sdlt_tours, Collectif Santé 37, association Naya, Solidaires 37, les ami.es de la conf et l’association UFC-Que Choisir, ce rassemblement a mis en lumière la mobilisation populaire contre un système agrochimique meurtrier.
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🎭👹🐲🎉 Carnaval contre les pesticides et la loi Duplomb – dimanche 26 avril dernier à Tours, Indre-et-Loire 🎉🐲👹🎭
1000 personnes se sont rassemblées à Tours ce dimanche pour dire non à la loi Duplomb et exiger la fin des pesticides
À l’appel de la Confédération paysanne, GABTO, @CaroProust, @tours, centre social Plurielles, réseau des AMAP 37, Greenpeace, @comite_sdlt_tours, Collectif Santé 37, association Naya, Solidaires 37, les ami.es de la conf et l’association UFC-Que Choisir, ce rassemblement a mis en lumière la mobilisation populaire contre un système agrochimique meurtrier.
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https://www.fogolf.com/1207205/%ec%a1%b0%eb%aa%85%ec%9a%b0-%ec%a3%bc%ed%8a%b9%ea%b8%b0-%eb%a6%ac%eb%b2%84%ec%8a%a4-%ec%98%86%eb%8f%8c-%eb%90%98%eb%8f%8c%ec%95%84%ec%98%a4%ea%b8%b0-%ec%93%b0%eb%a6%ac%ec%bf%a0%ec%85%98-%eb%a6%ac/ 조명우 주특기 리버스 옆돌 되돌아오기 #쓰리쿠션 #리버스 #되돌아오기 #조명우 #3Cushion #AdamLong #Billiard #CAROM #PGAOfficialWorldGolfRanking #PGARanking #당구 #당구장비 #되돌아오기 #리버스 #쓰리쿠션 #옆돌리기 #조명우 #캐롬당구연구소 #케롬당구연구소
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https://www.fogolf.com/1198594/%ec%97%ad%ed%9a%8c%ec%a0%84-%ec%9e%a5%ec%9e%a5-%eb%b9%97%ea%b2%a8-%ec%84%b8%ec%9b%8c%ec%b9%98%ea%b8%b0-%ec%93%b0%eb%a6%ac%ec%bf%a0%ec%85%98-%ec%84%b8%ec%9b%8c%ec%b9%98%ea%b8%b0-%ec%97%ad%ed%9a%8c/ 역회전 장장 빗겨 세워치기 #쓰리쿠션 #세워치기 #역회전 #빗겨치기 #당구 #3Cushion #AdamLong #Billiard #CAROM #PGAOfficialWorldGolfRanking #PGARanking #당구 #당구장비 #빗겨치기 #세워치기 #쓰리쿠션 #역회전 #캐롬당구연구소 #케롬당구연구소
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Tal dia com avui, però del 1949, van néixer en Maurice Ernest Gibb i en Robin Hugh Gibbb.
Cantants, compositors i productors, membres del grup Bee Gees junt amb el seu germà Barry Alan Crompton Gibb.#BeeGees
#BarryGibb
#RobinGibb
#MauriceGibb
#RobinHughGibbb
#MauriceErnestGibb
#BarryAlanCromptonGibb -
"Und auch schon einen #Weihnachtsbaum geholt?"
Unseren Weihnachtsbaum habe ich 2017 aus alten Fahrradvorderrädern und alten Sattelstützen zusammengebaut. Seit dem steht der Weihnachtsbaum aus #Fahrradteilen abwechselnd in unserer #adfc_ms Geschäftsstelle oder bei mir zuhause. Dieses Jahr habe ich die Lichterkette abgenommen und werde den Baum mit Chrompolitur wieder richtig zum glänzen bringen. Fotos folgen versprochen? -
Limotjaud-a-s de Mastodon, ai una possibla ofèrta d'emplec a l'espital de #Limòtges e cercariam donc a s'installar a long tèrme.
Filha de païsans, mon critèri #1 es un campèstre calm (los bruches dels avions d'IDF m'an traumatisada per la vida), per que poscam crompar serenament (ostal+terren) +/- installar nòstra familha... […]*Legir la seguida dins lo messatge original en francés*
#Lemòtges #Lemosin #NautaVinhana
#VersionOccitana #NòvaAquitània@marinesilvestre https://piaille.fr/@marinesilvestre/115339307242025300
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(2) In Japan, Tsuruho, the chair of the Liberal Democratic Party’s Upper House Budget Committee, resigned after backlash over a comment made last week.
(3) US President Trump criticized Japan for restricting imports of US cars.
#japannews #explorejapan #japanesepolitics #discoveryjapan #japantravels #日本好きな人と繋がりたい #おしえてさかまた #expatsinjapan #americaninjapan #英語学習 #ニュース #英語勉強 #learnenglishdaily #yosuketsuruho #鶴保庸介 #liberaldemocraticparty #budgetcommittee #uspresident #trump #presidenttrump #donaldtrump #carimport #japancarexport #trumptariffs #multifetal #pregnancyrisk #pregnancyproblems
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My $260 Honda Is Finally Here From Japan And It’s Even Cooler Than I Expected
Back in March, I parted ways with about $3,000 to purchase and ship a tiny 1997 Honda Life that I won for only $258 in Japanese auctions. Now it’s finally home and this car is e…
#Japan #JP #JapanNews #carbuying #CarImports #CheapCar #Honda #hondalife #imports #Japanese #JapaneseImport #Japanesenews #jdm #news
https://www.alojapan.com/1300469/my-260-honda-is-finally-here-from-japan-and-its-even-cooler-than-i-expected/ -
@Andy_European all #cars , #gas , #oil @airliners , #Cruiseship etc should be ban, the advertising firms, #TV channels, #Cable #newsmedia #newspapers , #news organisations magazines should sued for Billions for accessory to murder and propaganda. the #oilcompanies #carcompanies etc should be put the trial and hung with all there proceeds of crime confiscated especially former management for #crimesagainsthumanity @murder , #genocideofallhumanity @CrimesAgainstTheEnvironment #CrimesAgainstAllSpecies on this planet. And anyone covering up #HumanityExtinction event aka #ClimantDevastation there are over a million oilwells that need to be capped immediately. We have no choice
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@Andy_European all #cars , #gas , #oil @airliners , #Cruiseship etc should be ban, the advertising firms, #TV channels, #Cable #newsmedia #newspapers , #news organisations magazines should sued for Billions for accessory to murder and propaganda. the #oilcompanies #carcompanies etc should be put the trial and hung with all there proceeds of crime confiscated especially former management for #crimesagainsthumanity @murder , #genocideofallhumanity @CrimesAgainstTheEnvironment #CrimesAgainstAllSpecies on this planet. And anyone covering up #HumanityExtinction event aka #ClimantDevastation there are over a million oilwells that need to be capped immediately. We have no choice
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@Andy_European all #cars , #gas , #oil @airliners , #Cruiseship etc should be ban, the advertising firms, #TV channels, #Cable #newsmedia #newspapers , #news organisations magazines should sued for Billions for accessory to murder and propaganda. the #oilcompanies #carcompanies etc should be put the trial and hung with all there proceeds of crime confiscated especially former management for #crimesagainsthumanity @murder , #genocideofallhumanity @CrimesAgainstTheEnvironment #CrimesAgainstAllSpecies on this planet. And anyone covering up #HumanityExtinction event aka #ClimantDevastation there are over a million oilwells that need to be capped immediately. We have no choice
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@Andy_European all #cars , #gas , #oil @airliners , #Cruiseship etc should be ban, the advertising firms, #TV channels, #Cable #newsmedia #newspapers , #news organisations magazines should sued for Billions for accessory to murder and propaganda. the #oilcompanies #carcompanies etc should be put the trial and hung with all there proceeds of crime confiscated especially former management for #crimesagainsthumanity @murder , #genocideofallhumanity @CrimesAgainstTheEnvironment #CrimesAgainstAllSpecies on this planet. And anyone covering up #HumanityExtinction event aka #ClimantDevastation there are over a million oilwells that need to be capped immediately. We have no choice
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The #Giants must have felt sorry for the #Reds, who had lost 8 games in a row before they met at #OraclePark (or whatever they're calling it these days) yesterday because the Giants "let" the Reds beat them 4-2.
I say "let them" beat them because the Giants didn't do much to try to win the game.
Webb pitched a decent but not great game, giving up 3 runs in a 7 inning, 100 pitch appearance but that was more than enough for the Reds to get the win. The 4th run came on an inside the park HR on a misplayed ball by whoever was playing center & left (or rt) field the time which caromed away from & between them when it bounced off the wall. Not an error but very poor positional play. 🤦♂️
More importantly, the Giants again failed to score when they had the opportunity to do so with 9 LOB & only scoring 1 run w/6 RISP.
Let see if the Giants are still feeling charitable or if they really want to play in a way to win the game today. 🤷♂️
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Esce uno strumento per la #trasparenza del Parlamento europeo e io accorro. Ma niente, i MEP italiani si attestano su un agevole livello zero di partecipazione. Solo Croazia e Cipro scioperano di piú; immagino che i crumiri (Conte, Zanni, Dreosto, Tinagli e Caroppo) saranno presto puniti.
Per fortuna io voto gli europarlamentari della #Finlandia. Della persona che ho votato posso conoscere ogni mossa.
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I know it’s hard to make local politics exciting, but this article about #Skagit river tidegate & fish habitat policy is trying to pit #Swinomish, Seattle City Light & National Marine Fisheries Service against other stakeholder groups without seeming to speak to half of them. Which is ironic for a caomplaint that amounts to “folks aren’t talking to each other.”
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Here’s what I read last week
5. Romans in Space, Episode 412, The Rest is History, Tom Holland & Dominic Sandbrook
6. Just William, Richmal Crompton
7. Iron Widow, Xiran Jay Zhao
8. Empire Podcast, Series 5, Episodes 112–121, Empires of Iran, Part IIThe rest of this year’s list is here:
https://janusworx.com/reading/2024/ -
Deforestation Raises Temperatures Up To 4.5℃
Forests directly cool the planet, like natural evaporative air conditioners. So what happens when you cut them down? In tropical countries such as #Indonesia, #Brazil and the #Congo, rapid #deforestation may have accounted for up to 75% of the observed surface #climatechange and warming between 1950 and 2010. Our new research took a closer look at this phenomenon.
Forests cool the planet 🆒🌳🍃 like natural #aircon. What happens when you cut them down? #Deforestation heats local areas as much as 4.5℃. Keep #forests intact for people and rare animals. #Boycottpalmoil #Boycott4Wildlife @palmoildetect https://palmoildetectives.com/2022/03/06/deforestation-can-raise-local-temperatures-by-up-to-4-5%e2%84%83-and-heat-untouched-areas-6km-away/
Share to BlueSky Share to TwitterUsing satellite data over Indonesia, Malaysia and Papua New Guinea, we found deforestation can heat a local area by as much as 4.5℃, and can even raise temperatures in undisturbed forests up to 6km away.
More than 40% of the world’s population live in the tropics and, under climate change, rising heat and humidity could push them into lethal conditions. Keeping forests intact is vital to protect those who live in and around them as the planet warms.
Deforestation hot spots
Deforestation in Borneo, ShutterstockAt the recent climate change summit in Glasgow, world leaders representing 85% of Earth’s remaining forests committed to ending, and reversing, deforestation by 2030.
This is a crucial measure in our fight to stop the planet warming beyond the internationally agreed limit of 1.5℃, because forests store vast amounts of carbon. Deforestation releases this carbon – approximately 5.2 billion tonnes of carbon dioxide per year – back into the atmosphere. This accounts for nearly 10% of the global emissions from 2009-2016.
Deforestation is particularly prevalent in Southeast Asia. We calculate that between 2000 and 2019, Indonesia lost 17% of its forested area (26.8 million hectares of land), and Malaysia 28% of its forest cover (8.12 million hectares). Others in the region, such as Papua New Guinea, are considered “deforestation hot spots”, as they’re at high risk of losing their forest cover in the coming decade.
Forests in this region are cut down for a variety of reasons, including for expanding palm oil and timber plantations, logging, mining and small-scale farms. And these new types of land uses produce different spatial patterns of forest loss, which we can see and measure using satellites.
What we found
We already know forests cool the climate directly, and losing forest causes local temperatures to rise. But we wanted to learn whether the different patterns of forest loss influenced how much temperatures increased by, and how far warming spread from the deforested site into neighbouring, unchanged areas.
To find out, we used satellite images that measure the temperature of the land surface. As the illustration below shows, we measured this by averaging forest loss in rings of different widths and radius, and looking at the average temperature change of the forest inside the ring.
How forest clearing near an unchanged area causes temperatures to rise.For example, if you consider a circle of forest that’s 4km wide, and there’s a completely deforested, 2km-wide ring around it, the inner circle would warm on average by 1.2℃.
The closer the forest loss, the higher the warming. If the ring was 1-2km away, the circle would warm by 3.1℃, while at 4-6km away, it’s 0.75℃.
These might not sound like big increases in temperature, but global studies show for each 1℃ increase in temperature, yields of major crops would decline by around 3-7%. Retaining forest within 1km of agricultural land in Southeast Asia could therefore avoid crop losses of 10-20%.
These estimates are conservative, because we only measured the effect of forest loss on average yearly temperatures. But another important factor is that higher average temperatures usually create higher temperature extremes, like those during heatwaves. And those really high temperatures in heatwaves are what put people and crops at most risk.
Of course, forests aren’t normally cut down in rings. This analysis was designed to exclude other causes of temperature change, putting the effect of non-local forest loss in focus.
Why is this happening?
Forests cool the land because trees draw water from the soil to their leaves, where it then evaporates. The energy needed to evaporate the water comes from sunshine and heat in the air, the same reason you feel colder when you get out of a pool with water on your skin.
A single tree in a tropical forest can cause local surface cooling equivalent to 70 kilowatt hours for every 100 litres of water used from the soil — as much cooling as two household air conditioners.
Forests are particularly good at cooling the land because their canopies have large surface area, which can evaporate a lot of water. When forests in tropical regions are cut down, this evaporative cooling stops, and the land surface warms up.
A logging road in East Kalimantan, Bornea: logged forest on the left, virgin/primary forest on the right. Aidenvironment, 2005/Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SAThis is not news to the people of Borneo. In 2018, researchers surveyed people in 477 villages, and found they’re well aware nearby forest loss has caused them to live with hotter temperatures. When asked why forests were important to their health and the health of their families, the ability for trees to regulate temperature was the most frequent response.
A climate change double whammy
In many parts of the world, including the tropics and Australia, expanding farmland is a major reason for cutting down forest. But given hotter temperatures also reduce the productivity of farms, conserving forests might prove a better strategy for food security and for the livelihoods of farmers.
If forests must be removed, there may be ways to avoid the worst possible temperature increases. For example, we found that keeping at least 10% of forest cover helped reduce the associated warming by an average of 0.2℃.
Similarly, temperatures did not increase as much when the area of forest loss was smaller. This means if deforestation occurs in smaller, discontinuous blocks rather than uniformly, then the temperature impacts will be less severe.
To help share these findings, we’ve built a web mapping tool that lets users explore the effects of different patterns and areas of forest loss on local temperatures in maritime South East Asia. It helps show why protecting forests in the tropics offers a climate change double whammy – lowering carbon dioxide emissions and local temperatures together.
Sally Thompson, Associate professor, The University of Western Australia; Débora Corrêa, Research fellow, The University of Western Australia; John Duncan, Research fellow, The University of Western Australia, and Octavia Crompton, Postdoctoral researcher, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University
This article is republished from The Conversation under a Creative Commons license. Read the original article.
Boycott the brands causing deforestation for palm oil, soy and meat by joining the #Boycott4Wildlife
Join the #Boycott4Wildlife#aircon #AmazonRainforest #animalExtinction #animals #Boycott4wildlife #Boycott4WildlifeTweet #BoycottPalmOil #Brazil #Climate #climateChange #climatechange #Congo #deforestation #forests #Indonesia #News #palmOilDeforestation #rainforest #rainforestConservation #tropicalRainforest
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Deforestation Raises Temperatures Up To 4.5℃
Forests directly cool the planet, like natural evaporative air conditioners. So what happens when you cut them down? In tropical countries such as #Indonesia, #Brazil and the #Congo, rapid #deforestation may have accounted for up to 75% of the observed surface #climatechange and warming between 1950 and 2010. Our new research took a closer look at this phenomenon.
Forests cool the planet 🆒🌳🍃 like natural #aircon. What happens when you cut them down? #Deforestation heats local areas as much as 4.5℃. Keep #forests intact for people and rare animals. #Boycottpalmoil #Boycott4Wildlife @palmoildetect https://palmoildetectives.com/2022/03/06/deforestation-can-raise-local-temperatures-by-up-to-4-5%e2%84%83-and-heat-untouched-areas-6km-away/
Share to BlueSky Share to TwitterUsing satellite data over Indonesia, Malaysia and Papua New Guinea, we found deforestation can heat a local area by as much as 4.5℃, and can even raise temperatures in undisturbed forests up to 6km away.
More than 40% of the world’s population live in the tropics and, under climate change, rising heat and humidity could push them into lethal conditions. Keeping forests intact is vital to protect those who live in and around them as the planet warms.
Deforestation hot spots
Deforestation in Borneo, ShutterstockAt the recent climate change summit in Glasgow, world leaders representing 85% of Earth’s remaining forests committed to ending, and reversing, deforestation by 2030.
This is a crucial measure in our fight to stop the planet warming beyond the internationally agreed limit of 1.5℃, because forests store vast amounts of carbon. Deforestation releases this carbon – approximately 5.2 billion tonnes of carbon dioxide per year – back into the atmosphere. This accounts for nearly 10% of the global emissions from 2009-2016.
Deforestation is particularly prevalent in Southeast Asia. We calculate that between 2000 and 2019, Indonesia lost 17% of its forested area (26.8 million hectares of land), and Malaysia 28% of its forest cover (8.12 million hectares). Others in the region, such as Papua New Guinea, are considered “deforestation hot spots”, as they’re at high risk of losing their forest cover in the coming decade.
Forests in this region are cut down for a variety of reasons, including for expanding palm oil and timber plantations, logging, mining and small-scale farms. And these new types of land uses produce different spatial patterns of forest loss, which we can see and measure using satellites.
What we found
We already know forests cool the climate directly, and losing forest causes local temperatures to rise. But we wanted to learn whether the different patterns of forest loss influenced how much temperatures increased by, and how far warming spread from the deforested site into neighbouring, unchanged areas.
To find out, we used satellite images that measure the temperature of the land surface. As the illustration below shows, we measured this by averaging forest loss in rings of different widths and radius, and looking at the average temperature change of the forest inside the ring.
How forest clearing near an unchanged area causes temperatures to rise.For example, if you consider a circle of forest that’s 4km wide, and there’s a completely deforested, 2km-wide ring around it, the inner circle would warm on average by 1.2℃.
The closer the forest loss, the higher the warming. If the ring was 1-2km away, the circle would warm by 3.1℃, while at 4-6km away, it’s 0.75℃.
These might not sound like big increases in temperature, but global studies show for each 1℃ increase in temperature, yields of major crops would decline by around 3-7%. Retaining forest within 1km of agricultural land in Southeast Asia could therefore avoid crop losses of 10-20%.
These estimates are conservative, because we only measured the effect of forest loss on average yearly temperatures. But another important factor is that higher average temperatures usually create higher temperature extremes, like those during heatwaves. And those really high temperatures in heatwaves are what put people and crops at most risk.
Of course, forests aren’t normally cut down in rings. This analysis was designed to exclude other causes of temperature change, putting the effect of non-local forest loss in focus.
Why is this happening?
Forests cool the land because trees draw water from the soil to their leaves, where it then evaporates. The energy needed to evaporate the water comes from sunshine and heat in the air, the same reason you feel colder when you get out of a pool with water on your skin.
A single tree in a tropical forest can cause local surface cooling equivalent to 70 kilowatt hours for every 100 litres of water used from the soil — as much cooling as two household air conditioners.
Forests are particularly good at cooling the land because their canopies have large surface area, which can evaporate a lot of water. When forests in tropical regions are cut down, this evaporative cooling stops, and the land surface warms up.
A logging road in East Kalimantan, Bornea: logged forest on the left, virgin/primary forest on the right. Aidenvironment, 2005/Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SAThis is not news to the people of Borneo. In 2018, researchers surveyed people in 477 villages, and found they’re well aware nearby forest loss has caused them to live with hotter temperatures. When asked why forests were important to their health and the health of their families, the ability for trees to regulate temperature was the most frequent response.
A climate change double whammy
In many parts of the world, including the tropics and Australia, expanding farmland is a major reason for cutting down forest. But given hotter temperatures also reduce the productivity of farms, conserving forests might prove a better strategy for food security and for the livelihoods of farmers.
If forests must be removed, there may be ways to avoid the worst possible temperature increases. For example, we found that keeping at least 10% of forest cover helped reduce the associated warming by an average of 0.2℃.
Similarly, temperatures did not increase as much when the area of forest loss was smaller. This means if deforestation occurs in smaller, discontinuous blocks rather than uniformly, then the temperature impacts will be less severe.
To help share these findings, we’ve built a web mapping tool that lets users explore the effects of different patterns and areas of forest loss on local temperatures in maritime South East Asia. It helps show why protecting forests in the tropics offers a climate change double whammy – lowering carbon dioxide emissions and local temperatures together.
Sally Thompson, Associate professor, The University of Western Australia; Débora Corrêa, Research fellow, The University of Western Australia; John Duncan, Research fellow, The University of Western Australia, and Octavia Crompton, Postdoctoral researcher, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University
This article is republished from The Conversation under a Creative Commons license. Read the original article.
Boycott the brands causing deforestation for palm oil, soy and meat by joining the #Boycott4Wildlife
Join the #Boycott4Wildlife#aircon #AmazonRainforest #animalExtinction #animals #Boycott4wildlife #Boycott4WildlifeTweet #BoycottPalmOil #Brazil #Climate #climateChange #climatechange #Congo #deforestation #forests #Indonesia #News #palmOilDeforestation #rainforest #rainforestConservation #tropicalRainforest
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Deforestation Raises Temperatures Up To 4.5℃
Forests directly cool the planet, like natural evaporative air conditioners. So what happens when you cut them down? In tropical countries such as #Indonesia, #Brazil and the #Congo, rapid #deforestation may have accounted for up to 75% of the observed surface #climatechange and warming between 1950 and 2010. Our new research took a closer look at this phenomenon.
Forests cool the planet 🆒🌳🍃 like natural #aircon. What happens when you cut them down? #Deforestation heats local areas as much as 4.5℃. Keep #forests intact for people and rare animals. #Boycottpalmoil #Boycott4Wildlife @palmoildetect https://palmoildetectives.com/2022/03/06/deforestation-can-raise-local-temperatures-by-up-to-4-5%e2%84%83-and-heat-untouched-areas-6km-away/
Share to BlueSky Share to TwitterUsing satellite data over Indonesia, Malaysia and Papua New Guinea, we found deforestation can heat a local area by as much as 4.5℃, and can even raise temperatures in undisturbed forests up to 6km away.
More than 40% of the world’s population live in the tropics and, under climate change, rising heat and humidity could push them into lethal conditions. Keeping forests intact is vital to protect those who live in and around them as the planet warms.
Deforestation hot spots
Deforestation in Borneo, ShutterstockAt the recent climate change summit in Glasgow, world leaders representing 85% of Earth’s remaining forests committed to ending, and reversing, deforestation by 2030.
This is a crucial measure in our fight to stop the planet warming beyond the internationally agreed limit of 1.5℃, because forests store vast amounts of carbon. Deforestation releases this carbon – approximately 5.2 billion tonnes of carbon dioxide per year – back into the atmosphere. This accounts for nearly 10% of the global emissions from 2009-2016.
Deforestation is particularly prevalent in Southeast Asia. We calculate that between 2000 and 2019, Indonesia lost 17% of its forested area (26.8 million hectares of land), and Malaysia 28% of its forest cover (8.12 million hectares). Others in the region, such as Papua New Guinea, are considered “deforestation hot spots”, as they’re at high risk of losing their forest cover in the coming decade.
Forests in this region are cut down for a variety of reasons, including for expanding palm oil and timber plantations, logging, mining and small-scale farms. And these new types of land uses produce different spatial patterns of forest loss, which we can see and measure using satellites.
What we found
We already know forests cool the climate directly, and losing forest causes local temperatures to rise. But we wanted to learn whether the different patterns of forest loss influenced how much temperatures increased by, and how far warming spread from the deforested site into neighbouring, unchanged areas.
To find out, we used satellite images that measure the temperature of the land surface. As the illustration below shows, we measured this by averaging forest loss in rings of different widths and radius, and looking at the average temperature change of the forest inside the ring.
How forest clearing near an unchanged area causes temperatures to rise.For example, if you consider a circle of forest that’s 4km wide, and there’s a completely deforested, 2km-wide ring around it, the inner circle would warm on average by 1.2℃.
The closer the forest loss, the higher the warming. If the ring was 1-2km away, the circle would warm by 3.1℃, while at 4-6km away, it’s 0.75℃.
These might not sound like big increases in temperature, but global studies show for each 1℃ increase in temperature, yields of major crops would decline by around 3-7%. Retaining forest within 1km of agricultural land in Southeast Asia could therefore avoid crop losses of 10-20%.
These estimates are conservative, because we only measured the effect of forest loss on average yearly temperatures. But another important factor is that higher average temperatures usually create higher temperature extremes, like those during heatwaves. And those really high temperatures in heatwaves are what put people and crops at most risk.
Of course, forests aren’t normally cut down in rings. This analysis was designed to exclude other causes of temperature change, putting the effect of non-local forest loss in focus.
Why is this happening?
Forests cool the land because trees draw water from the soil to their leaves, where it then evaporates. The energy needed to evaporate the water comes from sunshine and heat in the air, the same reason you feel colder when you get out of a pool with water on your skin.
A single tree in a tropical forest can cause local surface cooling equivalent to 70 kilowatt hours for every 100 litres of water used from the soil — as much cooling as two household air conditioners.
Forests are particularly good at cooling the land because their canopies have large surface area, which can evaporate a lot of water. When forests in tropical regions are cut down, this evaporative cooling stops, and the land surface warms up.
A logging road in East Kalimantan, Bornea: logged forest on the left, virgin/primary forest on the right. Aidenvironment, 2005/Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SAThis is not news to the people of Borneo. In 2018, researchers surveyed people in 477 villages, and found they’re well aware nearby forest loss has caused them to live with hotter temperatures. When asked why forests were important to their health and the health of their families, the ability for trees to regulate temperature was the most frequent response.
A climate change double whammy
In many parts of the world, including the tropics and Australia, expanding farmland is a major reason for cutting down forest. But given hotter temperatures also reduce the productivity of farms, conserving forests might prove a better strategy for food security and for the livelihoods of farmers.
If forests must be removed, there may be ways to avoid the worst possible temperature increases. For example, we found that keeping at least 10% of forest cover helped reduce the associated warming by an average of 0.2℃.
Similarly, temperatures did not increase as much when the area of forest loss was smaller. This means if deforestation occurs in smaller, discontinuous blocks rather than uniformly, then the temperature impacts will be less severe.
To help share these findings, we’ve built a web mapping tool that lets users explore the effects of different patterns and areas of forest loss on local temperatures in maritime South East Asia. It helps show why protecting forests in the tropics offers a climate change double whammy – lowering carbon dioxide emissions and local temperatures together.
Sally Thompson, Associate professor, The University of Western Australia; Débora Corrêa, Research fellow, The University of Western Australia; John Duncan, Research fellow, The University of Western Australia, and Octavia Crompton, Postdoctoral researcher, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University
This article is republished from The Conversation under a Creative Commons license. Read the original article.
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