#inhibitorycontrol — Public Fediverse posts
Live and recent posts from across the Fediverse tagged #inhibitorycontrol, aggregated by home.social.
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DATE: May 22, 2026 at 08:00PM
SOURCE: PSYPOST.ORG** Research quality varies widely from fantastic to small exploratory studies. Please check research methods when conclusions are very important to you. **
-------------------------------------------------TITLE: Higher body mass index in youth linked to altered brain connectivity
URL: https://www.psypost.org/higher-body-mass-index-in-youth-linked-to-altered-brain-connectivity/
Children and adolescents with a higher body mass index show distinct differences in their brain activity and the ways different brain regions communicate with one another. These neurological patterns point to a reduction in the brain’s natural inhibitory systems, which might make it harder for to change deeply ingrained habits. The findings were recently published in Clinical Neurophysiology.
The human brain continues to develop and rewire itself heavily throughout childhood and adolescence. The frontal cortex, a brain area responsible for impulse control and complex decision making, is among the last regions to fully mature. During this lengthy developmental window, the brain is highly sensitive to environmental factors. Such external influences include nutrition, physical activity, and overall body weight.
Animal models have shown that diets high in fat and sugar can disrupt the delicate equilibrium of the brain. Brain cells communicate using a mix of excitatory signals that increase activity and inhibitory signals that quiet activity down. Proper brain function relies on maintaining a steady balance between these two forces.
In rodents, researchers found that obesity related diets damaged specialized inhibitory cells in the frontal cortex. These cells are typically wrapped in a protective mesh called a perineuronal net. High fat diets appeared to erode this protective mesh, leaving the inhibitory cells vulnerable to damage.
When these inhibitory cells fail to function properly, the brain loses its ability to hit the neurological brakes. This results in a state of hyper-excitability. A research team wanted to see if human youths with higher body weights exhibited neurological patterns similar to this disinhibited state.
Amy C. Reichelt, a researcher at Western University and the University of Adelaide, led the investigation. She worked alongside Benjamin T. Dunkley from the Hospital for Sick Children in Toronto, as well as a team of other specialists. Together, they designed a study to directly measure brain activity in young volunteers.
The researchers recruited 32 children and teenagers, ranging in age from eight to 19 years old. They calculated each participant’s body mass index, a standard medical metric based on a ratio of height to weight. The cohort was divided into two groups based on how their body mass index compared to standard growth charts for their specific age and sex.
One group consisted of 15 youths with a lower body mass index, falling within average ranges. The other group included 17 youths with a higher body mass index, falling into the overweight or obese categories. Both groups were matched as closely as possible for age and height.
To measure brain activity, the team used a noninvasive imaging technique called magnetoencephalography. This technology relies on highly sensitive sensors to detect the tiny magnetic fields generated by the electrical activity of neurons. This method offers incredibly detailed information about the timing and rapid frequency of brain waves. It can track neural oscillations millisecond by millisecond.
Instead of asking participants to perform an active cognitive puzzle, the researchers had them undergo a resting state scan. Participants laid in the scanner and watched a computer generated, abstract video landscape for five minutes. This neutral video helped the subjects stay still while allowing their minds to wander naturally. The approach allowed the scientists to record the brain’s spontaneous background activity.
The researchers analyzed the resulting brain wave data, focusing on rhythmic oscillations. They found that the youths with a higher body mass index exhibited notable differences in high frequency rhythms known as gamma brain waves. Gamma waves are fast electrical rhythms generated when excitatory and inhibitory cells engage with one another.
In the higher body weight group, gamma activity was highly elevated across many different cortical lobes. The researchers found the boldest effects in the posteromedial cortex and the temporoparietal junction, which are areas involved in directing attention. Elevated gamma activity is often interpreted as a sign that the brain’s natural inhibitory systems are not exerting enough control.
The team also looked at aperiodic activity, which is the constant background electrical static in the brain. They measured the slope of this background noise, a common metric that scientists use to gauge the overall balance of excitation and inhibition in neural tissues. The higher weight group had a shallower slope, pointing to a relative lack of neural inhibition.
These background noise differences were most prominent in the frontal cortex and midline parietal regions. The frontal cortex is deeply involved in top down cognitive control and mental flexibility. Alterations here suggest a potential difficulty in regulating impulses and adjusting to new rules.
Beyond isolating localized brain areas, the researchers examined how specialized brain networks communicated with each other. The brain relies on interconnected webs of regions passing information back and forth. For example, the default mode network is active during internal thought, while the central executive network handles focused working memory tasks.
The salience network is another structural web, responsible for detecting relevant stimuli in the environment and deciding what the brain should pay attention to. The researchers mapped the connections between these distinct networks by looking at how their signals synchronized. In youths with a higher body mass index, they observed weakened communication in lower frequency brain waves like delta and theta rhythms.
Specifically, there were reduced connections between the salience network and networks responsible for driving motivated behaviors. Conversely, the same group showed unusually strong connections in high frequency gamma waves. These tighter high frequency bonds appeared between the default mode network and the central executive network.
This specific combination of weakened low frequency bonds and enhanced high frequency bonds points to an overall loss of efficiency. The typical pathways used to coordinate thoughts and behaviors appeared reorganized in the higher weight group. This could mean the brain is working harder to transmit the same amount of information.
The researchers note several caveats to their experimental approach. Body mass index is an imperfect tool, taking only height and weight into account. It cannot distinguish between muscle mass and adipose tissue. This means it does not always provide an exact reflection of an individual’s body fat percentage.
The relatively small number of participants also means these results should be viewed as preliminary. The observational design of the study means that the researchers cannot state that a higher body mass index caused the brain functioning changes. It remains entirely possible that preexisting brain differences made certain youths more susceptible to excess weight gain.
The scientists also did not track the participants’ daily diets, physical activity levels, or perform behavioral cognitive tests. As a result, the real world implications of these neural shifts are not yet known. It remains a mystery how these specific brain wave patterns translate to daily decision making, academic performance, or emotional regulation.
Future research could incorporate detailed dietary tracking and extensive cognitive assessments alongside brain imaging. The researchers suggest that weakened inhibitory signaling in the frontal cortex could directly influence decision making around food over the long term. Without robust inhibitory control, individuals might find it much harder to resist eating highly palatable foods.
Over time, this could create a feedback loop where dietary habits alter brain development, which in turn entrenches those same dietary habits. Understanding how body weight relates to adolescent brain development might eventually help medical professionals design better strategies for supporting both mental and physical health.
The study, “Elevated body mass index in youth is associated with neural disinhibition and internetwork functional dysconnectivity: A magnetoencephalography study,” was authored by A.C. Reichelt, E. Daskalakis, J. Cohen, K.G. Solar, M. Saberi, M. Ventresca, M. Ali, R. Zamyadi, V. Bhat, S.E. Scratch, J. Hamilton, and B.T. Dunkley.
URL: https://www.psypost.org/higher-body-mass-index-in-youth-linked-to-altered-brain-connectivity/
-------------------------------------------------
DAILY EMAIL DIGEST: Email [email protected] -- no subject or message needed.
Private, vetted email list for mental health professionals: https://www.clinicians-exchange.org
Unofficial Psychology Today Xitter to toot feed at Psych Today Unofficial Bot @PTUnofficialBot
NYU Information for Practice puts out 400-500 good quality health-related research posts per week but its too much for many people, so that bot is limited to just subscribers. You can read it or subscribe at @PsychResearchBot
Since 1991 The National Psychologist has focused on keeping practicing psychologists current with news, information and items of interest. Check them out for more free articles, resources, and subscription information: https://www.nationalpsychologist.com
EMAIL DAILY DIGEST OF RSS FEEDS -- SUBSCRIBE: http://subscribe-article-digests.clinicians-exchange.org
READ ONLINE: http://read-the-rss-mega-archive.clinicians-exchange.org
It's primitive... but it works... mostly...
-------------------------------------------------
#psychology #counseling #socialwork #psychotherapy @psychotherapist @psychotherapists @psychology @socialpsych @socialwork @psychiatry #mentalhealth #psychiatry #healthcare #depression #psychotherapist #BMIinYouth #BrainConnectivity #NeuralDisinhibition #GammaWaves #Magnetoencephalography #AdolescentHealth #FrontalCortex #InhibitoryControl #BrainDevelopment #ObesityResearch
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DATE: May 22, 2026 at 08:00PM
SOURCE: PSYPOST.ORG** Research quality varies widely from fantastic to small exploratory studies. Please check research methods when conclusions are very important to you. **
-------------------------------------------------TITLE: Higher body mass index in youth linked to altered brain connectivity
URL: https://www.psypost.org/higher-body-mass-index-in-youth-linked-to-altered-brain-connectivity/
Children and adolescents with a higher body mass index show distinct differences in their brain activity and the ways different brain regions communicate with one another. These neurological patterns point to a reduction in the brain’s natural inhibitory systems, which might make it harder for to change deeply ingrained habits. The findings were recently published in Clinical Neurophysiology.
The human brain continues to develop and rewire itself heavily throughout childhood and adolescence. The frontal cortex, a brain area responsible for impulse control and complex decision making, is among the last regions to fully mature. During this lengthy developmental window, the brain is highly sensitive to environmental factors. Such external influences include nutrition, physical activity, and overall body weight.
Animal models have shown that diets high in fat and sugar can disrupt the delicate equilibrium of the brain. Brain cells communicate using a mix of excitatory signals that increase activity and inhibitory signals that quiet activity down. Proper brain function relies on maintaining a steady balance between these two forces.
In rodents, researchers found that obesity related diets damaged specialized inhibitory cells in the frontal cortex. These cells are typically wrapped in a protective mesh called a perineuronal net. High fat diets appeared to erode this protective mesh, leaving the inhibitory cells vulnerable to damage.
When these inhibitory cells fail to function properly, the brain loses its ability to hit the neurological brakes. This results in a state of hyper-excitability. A research team wanted to see if human youths with higher body weights exhibited neurological patterns similar to this disinhibited state.
Amy C. Reichelt, a researcher at Western University and the University of Adelaide, led the investigation. She worked alongside Benjamin T. Dunkley from the Hospital for Sick Children in Toronto, as well as a team of other specialists. Together, they designed a study to directly measure brain activity in young volunteers.
The researchers recruited 32 children and teenagers, ranging in age from eight to 19 years old. They calculated each participant’s body mass index, a standard medical metric based on a ratio of height to weight. The cohort was divided into two groups based on how their body mass index compared to standard growth charts for their specific age and sex.
One group consisted of 15 youths with a lower body mass index, falling within average ranges. The other group included 17 youths with a higher body mass index, falling into the overweight or obese categories. Both groups were matched as closely as possible for age and height.
To measure brain activity, the team used a noninvasive imaging technique called magnetoencephalography. This technology relies on highly sensitive sensors to detect the tiny magnetic fields generated by the electrical activity of neurons. This method offers incredibly detailed information about the timing and rapid frequency of brain waves. It can track neural oscillations millisecond by millisecond.
Instead of asking participants to perform an active cognitive puzzle, the researchers had them undergo a resting state scan. Participants laid in the scanner and watched a computer generated, abstract video landscape for five minutes. This neutral video helped the subjects stay still while allowing their minds to wander naturally. The approach allowed the scientists to record the brain’s spontaneous background activity.
The researchers analyzed the resulting brain wave data, focusing on rhythmic oscillations. They found that the youths with a higher body mass index exhibited notable differences in high frequency rhythms known as gamma brain waves. Gamma waves are fast electrical rhythms generated when excitatory and inhibitory cells engage with one another.
In the higher body weight group, gamma activity was highly elevated across many different cortical lobes. The researchers found the boldest effects in the posteromedial cortex and the temporoparietal junction, which are areas involved in directing attention. Elevated gamma activity is often interpreted as a sign that the brain’s natural inhibitory systems are not exerting enough control.
The team also looked at aperiodic activity, which is the constant background electrical static in the brain. They measured the slope of this background noise, a common metric that scientists use to gauge the overall balance of excitation and inhibition in neural tissues. The higher weight group had a shallower slope, pointing to a relative lack of neural inhibition.
These background noise differences were most prominent in the frontal cortex and midline parietal regions. The frontal cortex is deeply involved in top down cognitive control and mental flexibility. Alterations here suggest a potential difficulty in regulating impulses and adjusting to new rules.
Beyond isolating localized brain areas, the researchers examined how specialized brain networks communicated with each other. The brain relies on interconnected webs of regions passing information back and forth. For example, the default mode network is active during internal thought, while the central executive network handles focused working memory tasks.
The salience network is another structural web, responsible for detecting relevant stimuli in the environment and deciding what the brain should pay attention to. The researchers mapped the connections between these distinct networks by looking at how their signals synchronized. In youths with a higher body mass index, they observed weakened communication in lower frequency brain waves like delta and theta rhythms.
Specifically, there were reduced connections between the salience network and networks responsible for driving motivated behaviors. Conversely, the same group showed unusually strong connections in high frequency gamma waves. These tighter high frequency bonds appeared between the default mode network and the central executive network.
This specific combination of weakened low frequency bonds and enhanced high frequency bonds points to an overall loss of efficiency. The typical pathways used to coordinate thoughts and behaviors appeared reorganized in the higher weight group. This could mean the brain is working harder to transmit the same amount of information.
The researchers note several caveats to their experimental approach. Body mass index is an imperfect tool, taking only height and weight into account. It cannot distinguish between muscle mass and adipose tissue. This means it does not always provide an exact reflection of an individual’s body fat percentage.
The relatively small number of participants also means these results should be viewed as preliminary. The observational design of the study means that the researchers cannot state that a higher body mass index caused the brain functioning changes. It remains entirely possible that preexisting brain differences made certain youths more susceptible to excess weight gain.
The scientists also did not track the participants’ daily diets, physical activity levels, or perform behavioral cognitive tests. As a result, the real world implications of these neural shifts are not yet known. It remains a mystery how these specific brain wave patterns translate to daily decision making, academic performance, or emotional regulation.
Future research could incorporate detailed dietary tracking and extensive cognitive assessments alongside brain imaging. The researchers suggest that weakened inhibitory signaling in the frontal cortex could directly influence decision making around food over the long term. Without robust inhibitory control, individuals might find it much harder to resist eating highly palatable foods.
Over time, this could create a feedback loop where dietary habits alter brain development, which in turn entrenches those same dietary habits. Understanding how body weight relates to adolescent brain development might eventually help medical professionals design better strategies for supporting both mental and physical health.
The study, “Elevated body mass index in youth is associated with neural disinhibition and internetwork functional dysconnectivity: A magnetoencephalography study,” was authored by A.C. Reichelt, E. Daskalakis, J. Cohen, K.G. Solar, M. Saberi, M. Ventresca, M. Ali, R. Zamyadi, V. Bhat, S.E. Scratch, J. Hamilton, and B.T. Dunkley.
URL: https://www.psypost.org/higher-body-mass-index-in-youth-linked-to-altered-brain-connectivity/
-------------------------------------------------
DAILY EMAIL DIGEST: Email [email protected] -- no subject or message needed.
Private, vetted email list for mental health professionals: https://www.clinicians-exchange.org
Unofficial Psychology Today Xitter to toot feed at Psych Today Unofficial Bot @PTUnofficialBot
NYU Information for Practice puts out 400-500 good quality health-related research posts per week but its too much for many people, so that bot is limited to just subscribers. You can read it or subscribe at @PsychResearchBot
Since 1991 The National Psychologist has focused on keeping practicing psychologists current with news, information and items of interest. Check them out for more free articles, resources, and subscription information: https://www.nationalpsychologist.com
EMAIL DAILY DIGEST OF RSS FEEDS -- SUBSCRIBE: http://subscribe-article-digests.clinicians-exchange.org
READ ONLINE: http://read-the-rss-mega-archive.clinicians-exchange.org
It's primitive... but it works... mostly...
-------------------------------------------------
#psychology #counseling #socialwork #psychotherapy @psychotherapist @psychotherapists @psychology @socialpsych @socialwork @psychiatry #mentalhealth #psychiatry #healthcare #depression #psychotherapist #BMIinYouth #BrainConnectivity #NeuralDisinhibition #GammaWaves #Magnetoencephalography #AdolescentHealth #FrontalCortex #InhibitoryControl #BrainDevelopment #ObesityResearch
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DATE: May 22, 2026 at 08:00PM
SOURCE: PSYPOST.ORG** Research quality varies widely from fantastic to small exploratory studies. Please check research methods when conclusions are very important to you. **
-------------------------------------------------TITLE: Higher body mass index in youth linked to altered brain connectivity
URL: https://www.psypost.org/higher-body-mass-index-in-youth-linked-to-altered-brain-connectivity/
Children and adolescents with a higher body mass index show distinct differences in their brain activity and the ways different brain regions communicate with one another. These neurological patterns point to a reduction in the brain’s natural inhibitory systems, which might make it harder for to change deeply ingrained habits. The findings were recently published in Clinical Neurophysiology.
The human brain continues to develop and rewire itself heavily throughout childhood and adolescence. The frontal cortex, a brain area responsible for impulse control and complex decision making, is among the last regions to fully mature. During this lengthy developmental window, the brain is highly sensitive to environmental factors. Such external influences include nutrition, physical activity, and overall body weight.
Animal models have shown that diets high in fat and sugar can disrupt the delicate equilibrium of the brain. Brain cells communicate using a mix of excitatory signals that increase activity and inhibitory signals that quiet activity down. Proper brain function relies on maintaining a steady balance between these two forces.
In rodents, researchers found that obesity related diets damaged specialized inhibitory cells in the frontal cortex. These cells are typically wrapped in a protective mesh called a perineuronal net. High fat diets appeared to erode this protective mesh, leaving the inhibitory cells vulnerable to damage.
When these inhibitory cells fail to function properly, the brain loses its ability to hit the neurological brakes. This results in a state of hyper-excitability. A research team wanted to see if human youths with higher body weights exhibited neurological patterns similar to this disinhibited state.
Amy C. Reichelt, a researcher at Western University and the University of Adelaide, led the investigation. She worked alongside Benjamin T. Dunkley from the Hospital for Sick Children in Toronto, as well as a team of other specialists. Together, they designed a study to directly measure brain activity in young volunteers.
The researchers recruited 32 children and teenagers, ranging in age from eight to 19 years old. They calculated each participant’s body mass index, a standard medical metric based on a ratio of height to weight. The cohort was divided into two groups based on how their body mass index compared to standard growth charts for their specific age and sex.
One group consisted of 15 youths with a lower body mass index, falling within average ranges. The other group included 17 youths with a higher body mass index, falling into the overweight or obese categories. Both groups were matched as closely as possible for age and height.
To measure brain activity, the team used a noninvasive imaging technique called magnetoencephalography. This technology relies on highly sensitive sensors to detect the tiny magnetic fields generated by the electrical activity of neurons. This method offers incredibly detailed information about the timing and rapid frequency of brain waves. It can track neural oscillations millisecond by millisecond.
Instead of asking participants to perform an active cognitive puzzle, the researchers had them undergo a resting state scan. Participants laid in the scanner and watched a computer generated, abstract video landscape for five minutes. This neutral video helped the subjects stay still while allowing their minds to wander naturally. The approach allowed the scientists to record the brain’s spontaneous background activity.
The researchers analyzed the resulting brain wave data, focusing on rhythmic oscillations. They found that the youths with a higher body mass index exhibited notable differences in high frequency rhythms known as gamma brain waves. Gamma waves are fast electrical rhythms generated when excitatory and inhibitory cells engage with one another.
In the higher body weight group, gamma activity was highly elevated across many different cortical lobes. The researchers found the boldest effects in the posteromedial cortex and the temporoparietal junction, which are areas involved in directing attention. Elevated gamma activity is often interpreted as a sign that the brain’s natural inhibitory systems are not exerting enough control.
The team also looked at aperiodic activity, which is the constant background electrical static in the brain. They measured the slope of this background noise, a common metric that scientists use to gauge the overall balance of excitation and inhibition in neural tissues. The higher weight group had a shallower slope, pointing to a relative lack of neural inhibition.
These background noise differences were most prominent in the frontal cortex and midline parietal regions. The frontal cortex is deeply involved in top down cognitive control and mental flexibility. Alterations here suggest a potential difficulty in regulating impulses and adjusting to new rules.
Beyond isolating localized brain areas, the researchers examined how specialized brain networks communicated with each other. The brain relies on interconnected webs of regions passing information back and forth. For example, the default mode network is active during internal thought, while the central executive network handles focused working memory tasks.
The salience network is another structural web, responsible for detecting relevant stimuli in the environment and deciding what the brain should pay attention to. The researchers mapped the connections between these distinct networks by looking at how their signals synchronized. In youths with a higher body mass index, they observed weakened communication in lower frequency brain waves like delta and theta rhythms.
Specifically, there were reduced connections between the salience network and networks responsible for driving motivated behaviors. Conversely, the same group showed unusually strong connections in high frequency gamma waves. These tighter high frequency bonds appeared between the default mode network and the central executive network.
This specific combination of weakened low frequency bonds and enhanced high frequency bonds points to an overall loss of efficiency. The typical pathways used to coordinate thoughts and behaviors appeared reorganized in the higher weight group. This could mean the brain is working harder to transmit the same amount of information.
The researchers note several caveats to their experimental approach. Body mass index is an imperfect tool, taking only height and weight into account. It cannot distinguish between muscle mass and adipose tissue. This means it does not always provide an exact reflection of an individual’s body fat percentage.
The relatively small number of participants also means these results should be viewed as preliminary. The observational design of the study means that the researchers cannot state that a higher body mass index caused the brain functioning changes. It remains entirely possible that preexisting brain differences made certain youths more susceptible to excess weight gain.
The scientists also did not track the participants’ daily diets, physical activity levels, or perform behavioral cognitive tests. As a result, the real world implications of these neural shifts are not yet known. It remains a mystery how these specific brain wave patterns translate to daily decision making, academic performance, or emotional regulation.
Future research could incorporate detailed dietary tracking and extensive cognitive assessments alongside brain imaging. The researchers suggest that weakened inhibitory signaling in the frontal cortex could directly influence decision making around food over the long term. Without robust inhibitory control, individuals might find it much harder to resist eating highly palatable foods.
Over time, this could create a feedback loop where dietary habits alter brain development, which in turn entrenches those same dietary habits. Understanding how body weight relates to adolescent brain development might eventually help medical professionals design better strategies for supporting both mental and physical health.
The study, “Elevated body mass index in youth is associated with neural disinhibition and internetwork functional dysconnectivity: A magnetoencephalography study,” was authored by A.C. Reichelt, E. Daskalakis, J. Cohen, K.G. Solar, M. Saberi, M. Ventresca, M. Ali, R. Zamyadi, V. Bhat, S.E. Scratch, J. Hamilton, and B.T. Dunkley.
URL: https://www.psypost.org/higher-body-mass-index-in-youth-linked-to-altered-brain-connectivity/
-------------------------------------------------
DAILY EMAIL DIGEST: Email [email protected] -- no subject or message needed.
Private, vetted email list for mental health professionals: https://www.clinicians-exchange.org
Unofficial Psychology Today Xitter to toot feed at Psych Today Unofficial Bot @PTUnofficialBot
NYU Information for Practice puts out 400-500 good quality health-related research posts per week but its too much for many people, so that bot is limited to just subscribers. You can read it or subscribe at @PsychResearchBot
Since 1991 The National Psychologist has focused on keeping practicing psychologists current with news, information and items of interest. Check them out for more free articles, resources, and subscription information: https://www.nationalpsychologist.com
EMAIL DAILY DIGEST OF RSS FEEDS -- SUBSCRIBE: http://subscribe-article-digests.clinicians-exchange.org
READ ONLINE: http://read-the-rss-mega-archive.clinicians-exchange.org
It's primitive... but it works... mostly...
-------------------------------------------------
#psychology #counseling #socialwork #psychotherapy @psychotherapist @psychotherapists @psychology @socialpsych @socialwork @psychiatry #mentalhealth #psychiatry #healthcare #depression #psychotherapist #BMIinYouth #BrainConnectivity #NeuralDisinhibition #GammaWaves #Magnetoencephalography #AdolescentHealth #FrontalCortex #InhibitoryControl #BrainDevelopment #ObesityResearch
-
DATE: May 22, 2026 at 08:00PM
SOURCE: PSYPOST.ORG** Research quality varies widely from fantastic to small exploratory studies. Please check research methods when conclusions are very important to you. **
-------------------------------------------------TITLE: Higher body mass index in youth linked to altered brain connectivity
URL: https://www.psypost.org/higher-body-mass-index-in-youth-linked-to-altered-brain-connectivity/
Children and adolescents with a higher body mass index show distinct differences in their brain activity and the ways different brain regions communicate with one another. These neurological patterns point to a reduction in the brain’s natural inhibitory systems, which might make it harder for to change deeply ingrained habits. The findings were recently published in Clinical Neurophysiology.
The human brain continues to develop and rewire itself heavily throughout childhood and adolescence. The frontal cortex, a brain area responsible for impulse control and complex decision making, is among the last regions to fully mature. During this lengthy developmental window, the brain is highly sensitive to environmental factors. Such external influences include nutrition, physical activity, and overall body weight.
Animal models have shown that diets high in fat and sugar can disrupt the delicate equilibrium of the brain. Brain cells communicate using a mix of excitatory signals that increase activity and inhibitory signals that quiet activity down. Proper brain function relies on maintaining a steady balance between these two forces.
In rodents, researchers found that obesity related diets damaged specialized inhibitory cells in the frontal cortex. These cells are typically wrapped in a protective mesh called a perineuronal net. High fat diets appeared to erode this protective mesh, leaving the inhibitory cells vulnerable to damage.
When these inhibitory cells fail to function properly, the brain loses its ability to hit the neurological brakes. This results in a state of hyper-excitability. A research team wanted to see if human youths with higher body weights exhibited neurological patterns similar to this disinhibited state.
Amy C. Reichelt, a researcher at Western University and the University of Adelaide, led the investigation. She worked alongside Benjamin T. Dunkley from the Hospital for Sick Children in Toronto, as well as a team of other specialists. Together, they designed a study to directly measure brain activity in young volunteers.
The researchers recruited 32 children and teenagers, ranging in age from eight to 19 years old. They calculated each participant’s body mass index, a standard medical metric based on a ratio of height to weight. The cohort was divided into two groups based on how their body mass index compared to standard growth charts for their specific age and sex.
One group consisted of 15 youths with a lower body mass index, falling within average ranges. The other group included 17 youths with a higher body mass index, falling into the overweight or obese categories. Both groups were matched as closely as possible for age and height.
To measure brain activity, the team used a noninvasive imaging technique called magnetoencephalography. This technology relies on highly sensitive sensors to detect the tiny magnetic fields generated by the electrical activity of neurons. This method offers incredibly detailed information about the timing and rapid frequency of brain waves. It can track neural oscillations millisecond by millisecond.
Instead of asking participants to perform an active cognitive puzzle, the researchers had them undergo a resting state scan. Participants laid in the scanner and watched a computer generated, abstract video landscape for five minutes. This neutral video helped the subjects stay still while allowing their minds to wander naturally. The approach allowed the scientists to record the brain’s spontaneous background activity.
The researchers analyzed the resulting brain wave data, focusing on rhythmic oscillations. They found that the youths with a higher body mass index exhibited notable differences in high frequency rhythms known as gamma brain waves. Gamma waves are fast electrical rhythms generated when excitatory and inhibitory cells engage with one another.
In the higher body weight group, gamma activity was highly elevated across many different cortical lobes. The researchers found the boldest effects in the posteromedial cortex and the temporoparietal junction, which are areas involved in directing attention. Elevated gamma activity is often interpreted as a sign that the brain’s natural inhibitory systems are not exerting enough control.
The team also looked at aperiodic activity, which is the constant background electrical static in the brain. They measured the slope of this background noise, a common metric that scientists use to gauge the overall balance of excitation and inhibition in neural tissues. The higher weight group had a shallower slope, pointing to a relative lack of neural inhibition.
These background noise differences were most prominent in the frontal cortex and midline parietal regions. The frontal cortex is deeply involved in top down cognitive control and mental flexibility. Alterations here suggest a potential difficulty in regulating impulses and adjusting to new rules.
Beyond isolating localized brain areas, the researchers examined how specialized brain networks communicated with each other. The brain relies on interconnected webs of regions passing information back and forth. For example, the default mode network is active during internal thought, while the central executive network handles focused working memory tasks.
The salience network is another structural web, responsible for detecting relevant stimuli in the environment and deciding what the brain should pay attention to. The researchers mapped the connections between these distinct networks by looking at how their signals synchronized. In youths with a higher body mass index, they observed weakened communication in lower frequency brain waves like delta and theta rhythms.
Specifically, there were reduced connections between the salience network and networks responsible for driving motivated behaviors. Conversely, the same group showed unusually strong connections in high frequency gamma waves. These tighter high frequency bonds appeared between the default mode network and the central executive network.
This specific combination of weakened low frequency bonds and enhanced high frequency bonds points to an overall loss of efficiency. The typical pathways used to coordinate thoughts and behaviors appeared reorganized in the higher weight group. This could mean the brain is working harder to transmit the same amount of information.
The researchers note several caveats to their experimental approach. Body mass index is an imperfect tool, taking only height and weight into account. It cannot distinguish between muscle mass and adipose tissue. This means it does not always provide an exact reflection of an individual’s body fat percentage.
The relatively small number of participants also means these results should be viewed as preliminary. The observational design of the study means that the researchers cannot state that a higher body mass index caused the brain functioning changes. It remains entirely possible that preexisting brain differences made certain youths more susceptible to excess weight gain.
The scientists also did not track the participants’ daily diets, physical activity levels, or perform behavioral cognitive tests. As a result, the real world implications of these neural shifts are not yet known. It remains a mystery how these specific brain wave patterns translate to daily decision making, academic performance, or emotional regulation.
Future research could incorporate detailed dietary tracking and extensive cognitive assessments alongside brain imaging. The researchers suggest that weakened inhibitory signaling in the frontal cortex could directly influence decision making around food over the long term. Without robust inhibitory control, individuals might find it much harder to resist eating highly palatable foods.
Over time, this could create a feedback loop where dietary habits alter brain development, which in turn entrenches those same dietary habits. Understanding how body weight relates to adolescent brain development might eventually help medical professionals design better strategies for supporting both mental and physical health.
The study, “Elevated body mass index in youth is associated with neural disinhibition and internetwork functional dysconnectivity: A magnetoencephalography study,” was authored by A.C. Reichelt, E. Daskalakis, J. Cohen, K.G. Solar, M. Saberi, M. Ventresca, M. Ali, R. Zamyadi, V. Bhat, S.E. Scratch, J. Hamilton, and B.T. Dunkley.
URL: https://www.psypost.org/higher-body-mass-index-in-youth-linked-to-altered-brain-connectivity/
-------------------------------------------------
DAILY EMAIL DIGEST: Email [email protected] -- no subject or message needed.
Private, vetted email list for mental health professionals: https://www.clinicians-exchange.org
Unofficial Psychology Today Xitter to toot feed at Psych Today Unofficial Bot @PTUnofficialBot
NYU Information for Practice puts out 400-500 good quality health-related research posts per week but its too much for many people, so that bot is limited to just subscribers. You can read it or subscribe at @PsychResearchBot
Since 1991 The National Psychologist has focused on keeping practicing psychologists current with news, information and items of interest. Check them out for more free articles, resources, and subscription information: https://www.nationalpsychologist.com
EMAIL DAILY DIGEST OF RSS FEEDS -- SUBSCRIBE: http://subscribe-article-digests.clinicians-exchange.org
READ ONLINE: http://read-the-rss-mega-archive.clinicians-exchange.org
It's primitive... but it works... mostly...
-------------------------------------------------
#psychology #counseling #socialwork #psychotherapy @psychotherapist @psychotherapists @psychology @socialpsych @socialwork @psychiatry #mentalhealth #psychiatry #healthcare #depression #psychotherapist #BMIinYouth #BrainConnectivity #NeuralDisinhibition #GammaWaves #Magnetoencephalography #AdolescentHealth #FrontalCortex #InhibitoryControl #BrainDevelopment #ObesityResearch
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DATE: May 10, 2026 at 02:00PM
SOURCE: PSYPOST.ORG** Research quality varies widely from fantastic to small exploratory studies. Please check research methods when conclusions are very important to you. **
-------------------------------------------------TITLE: A half hour of aerobic exercise reduces test anxiety and boosts cognitive focus in students
A brief session of moderate aerobic exercise can ease the psychological burden of test anxiety while sharpening the specific mental skills needed to ignore distractions. Researchers found that a quick run on a treadmill rebalances brain activity, helping students process conflicting information with greater speed and focus. The findings were recently published in Physiology & Behavior.
Test-related distress is a common experience that goes beyond simple nervousness. It involves intense worry, physical tension, a racing heartbeat, and scattered thoughts that arise before or during an evaluative situation. People facing this condition often struggle with a cognitive skill known as inhibitory control.
Inhibitory control is the brain’s ability to tune out irrelevant information and suppress impulsive responses. It acts as a mental filter that allows a person to focus on a test question rather than the ticking of a clock or their own internal worries. This mental barricade prevents distracting signals from derailing a person’s train of thought.
When psychological distress disrupts this mental filter, students become easily distracted by their own fears. Their brains dedicate precious processing power to managing the worry itself, leaving less energy available for actual problem-solving. This scattered focus degrades their academic performance and fuels even more worry.
The experience can create a loop of poor performance and escalating anxiety. To break this cycle, psychologists Lingfeng Wu and Renlai Zhou from Nanjing University designed an experiment to see if physical activity could serve as an immediate remedy. They wanted to evaluate whether an acute session of aerobic exercise could temporarily repair the mental filters of affected students.
The research team recruited forty university students who scored very high on an established anxiety questionnaire. These participants were randomly divided into two groups of twenty. One group was assigned to an aerobic exercise intervention, while the other served as a resting control group.
During the main phase of the experiment, the exercise group spent thirty minutes walking and jogging on a treadmill. The researchers continuously monitored the participants’ heart rates to ensure the activity remained at a moderate intensity. The control group spent the same thirty minutes sitting in a quiet room reading neutral, sports-related magazines.
Both before and after these thirty-minute sessions, the students underwent a specialized cognitive assessment known as the Flanker task. This computer-based challenge is specifically designed to measure a person’s inhibitory control abilities.
In the Flanker task, participants stare at a computer screen and wait for a row of five arrows to appear. They must quickly identify the direction the middle arrow is pointing, choosing either left or right. The challenge comes from the surrounding arrows, which act as deliberate visual distractions.
In some trials, all the arrows point in the exact same direction, making the response relatively easy. In other trials, the outer arrows point in the opposite direction of the center target. This creates a visual conflict that the participant must mentally override in order to choose the correct answer.
Throughout this task, the researchers recorded the students’ brain activity using an electroencephalogram. This device consists of a fitted cap with small sensors placed across the scalp to detect electrical signals in the brain. The scientists paid close attention to two specific brain wave patterns, known as the N2 and P3 waves.
To replicate the pressure of a real testing environment, the researchers manipulated the stakes of the computer task using a standard psychological tactic. They told the students that they were taking a highly reliable aptitude test that would successfully predict their future university performance. They also offered a cash reward for the top performers and informed the students that they were being recorded on video for expert analysis.
The results showed that the thirty-minute exercise session had an immediate, measurable impact. Students in the treadmill group reported lower levels of subjective anxiety on their questionnaires after working out. The control group saw no statistical difference in their self-reported anxiety levels.
The behavioral data from the computer task mirrored these emotional improvements. After exercising, the treadmill group became much faster at identifying the correct arrow direction across all trials.
More importantly, the exercise group showed a marked improvement in the difficult, conflicting trials. The reaction time gap between the easy trials and the hard trials shrank considerably. This reduction suggests a direct upgrade in their ability to filter out distracting, conflicting information.
Accuracy remained very high for almost all participants across both groups. The researchers note that anxiety usually damages processing speed rather than raw accuracy. The fact that the exercise group got faster without making more mistakes confirms that their overall processing efficiency genuinely improved.
The brain wave recordings provided an internal view of how the exercise changed the participants’ cognitive processing. The researchers looked first at the N2 wave, an electrical pulse that peaks just after a person encounters conflicting information.
In the exercise group, the electrical amplitude of the N2 wave became noticeably smaller after the treadmill session. A smaller N2 wave typically means the brain is exerting less effort to detect and manage conflicting stimuli. The physical activity seemed to make the brain’s early conflict-monitoring system run more smoothly.
The team also measured the P3 wave, which appears slightly later than the N2 wave. The P3 wave is tied to how effectively the brain allocates its attention to a given task.
After the treadmill session, the exercise group generated a much larger P3 wave. This expansion indicates a heightened capacity to direct mental resources exactly where they need to go.
The control group essentially spun their wheels. The brain wave readings for the seated control group were not statistically significant when comparing their before and after states. Their brains processed the conflicting arrows with the exact same level of effort and attention as they had during the baseline test.
The researchers attribute these mental shifts to the neurochemical changes sparked by physical exertion. Moderate aerobic activity prompts the brain to release chemicals like dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin. These neurotransmitters help regulate mood and boost the function of the prefrontal cortex, a brain region heavily involved in higher-level reasoning and maintaining focus.
Lowering the students’ subjective anxiety likely freed up mental energy as well. When people aren’t dedicating active brainpower to worrying, they have more cognitive resources available to tackle the task in front of them without feeling overwhelmed.
While the results are promising, the research team noted several boundaries to their experiment. The study only monitored university students, entirely omitting middle and high school students who often experience the highest rates of academic distress. Future studies will need to test younger age groups.
The experiment also relied on an artificial testing scenario. While the researchers used cash prizes and video recordings to simulate stress, this setup does not perfectly mirror the emotional stakes of a real university exam. Tracking students during an actual testing week would provide more realistic data.
In addition, the study did not include a control group composed of students with low anxiety levels. Without this baseline, it is difficult to determine if the exercise brought the anxious students’ mental skills back to an average level or just elevated them slightly from a severe deficit.
Finally, a thirty-minute run is a temporary intervention. Even after the treadmill session, the students’ distress scores still registered moderately high. Researchers hope to investigate whether a consistent exercise routine, perhaps combined with psychological therapies, might offer a more lasting solution to academic anxiety.
The study, “Acute aerobic exercise improves inhibitory control in individuals with test anxiety: evidence from event-related potentials,” was authored by Lingfeng Wu and Renlai Zhou.
-------------------------------------------------
DAILY EMAIL DIGEST: Email [email protected] -- no subject or message needed.
Private, vetted email list for mental health professionals: https://www.clinicians-exchange.org
Unofficial Psychology Today Xitter to toot feed at Psych Today Unofficial Bot @PTUnofficialBot
NYU Information for Practice puts out 400-500 good quality health-related research posts per week but its too much for many people, so that bot is limited to just subscribers. You can read it or subscribe at @PsychResearchBot
Since 1991 The National Psychologist has focused on keeping practicing psychologists current with news, information and items of interest. Check them out for more free articles, resources, and subscription information: https://www.nationalpsychologist.com
EMAIL DAILY DIGEST OF RSS FEEDS -- SUBSCRIBE: http://subscribe-article-digests.clinicians-exchange.org
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It's primitive... but it works... mostly...
-------------------------------------------------
#psychology #counseling #socialwork #psychotherapy @psychotherapist @psychotherapists @psychology @socialpsych @socialwork @psychiatry #mentalhealth #psychiatry #healthcare #depression #psychotherapist #TestAnxiety #AerobicExercise #CognitiveFocus #InhibitoryControl #FlankerTask #BrainWaves #N2P3 #PrefrontalCortex #AcademicPerformance #MentalFocus
-
DATE: May 10, 2026 at 02:00PM
SOURCE: PSYPOST.ORG** Research quality varies widely from fantastic to small exploratory studies. Please check research methods when conclusions are very important to you. **
-------------------------------------------------TITLE: A half hour of aerobic exercise reduces test anxiety and boosts cognitive focus in students
A brief session of moderate aerobic exercise can ease the psychological burden of test anxiety while sharpening the specific mental skills needed to ignore distractions. Researchers found that a quick run on a treadmill rebalances brain activity, helping students process conflicting information with greater speed and focus. The findings were recently published in Physiology & Behavior.
Test-related distress is a common experience that goes beyond simple nervousness. It involves intense worry, physical tension, a racing heartbeat, and scattered thoughts that arise before or during an evaluative situation. People facing this condition often struggle with a cognitive skill known as inhibitory control.
Inhibitory control is the brain’s ability to tune out irrelevant information and suppress impulsive responses. It acts as a mental filter that allows a person to focus on a test question rather than the ticking of a clock or their own internal worries. This mental barricade prevents distracting signals from derailing a person’s train of thought.
When psychological distress disrupts this mental filter, students become easily distracted by their own fears. Their brains dedicate precious processing power to managing the worry itself, leaving less energy available for actual problem-solving. This scattered focus degrades their academic performance and fuels even more worry.
The experience can create a loop of poor performance and escalating anxiety. To break this cycle, psychologists Lingfeng Wu and Renlai Zhou from Nanjing University designed an experiment to see if physical activity could serve as an immediate remedy. They wanted to evaluate whether an acute session of aerobic exercise could temporarily repair the mental filters of affected students.
The research team recruited forty university students who scored very high on an established anxiety questionnaire. These participants were randomly divided into two groups of twenty. One group was assigned to an aerobic exercise intervention, while the other served as a resting control group.
During the main phase of the experiment, the exercise group spent thirty minutes walking and jogging on a treadmill. The researchers continuously monitored the participants’ heart rates to ensure the activity remained at a moderate intensity. The control group spent the same thirty minutes sitting in a quiet room reading neutral, sports-related magazines.
Both before and after these thirty-minute sessions, the students underwent a specialized cognitive assessment known as the Flanker task. This computer-based challenge is specifically designed to measure a person’s inhibitory control abilities.
In the Flanker task, participants stare at a computer screen and wait for a row of five arrows to appear. They must quickly identify the direction the middle arrow is pointing, choosing either left or right. The challenge comes from the surrounding arrows, which act as deliberate visual distractions.
In some trials, all the arrows point in the exact same direction, making the response relatively easy. In other trials, the outer arrows point in the opposite direction of the center target. This creates a visual conflict that the participant must mentally override in order to choose the correct answer.
Throughout this task, the researchers recorded the students’ brain activity using an electroencephalogram. This device consists of a fitted cap with small sensors placed across the scalp to detect electrical signals in the brain. The scientists paid close attention to two specific brain wave patterns, known as the N2 and P3 waves.
To replicate the pressure of a real testing environment, the researchers manipulated the stakes of the computer task using a standard psychological tactic. They told the students that they were taking a highly reliable aptitude test that would successfully predict their future university performance. They also offered a cash reward for the top performers and informed the students that they were being recorded on video for expert analysis.
The results showed that the thirty-minute exercise session had an immediate, measurable impact. Students in the treadmill group reported lower levels of subjective anxiety on their questionnaires after working out. The control group saw no statistical difference in their self-reported anxiety levels.
The behavioral data from the computer task mirrored these emotional improvements. After exercising, the treadmill group became much faster at identifying the correct arrow direction across all trials.
More importantly, the exercise group showed a marked improvement in the difficult, conflicting trials. The reaction time gap between the easy trials and the hard trials shrank considerably. This reduction suggests a direct upgrade in their ability to filter out distracting, conflicting information.
Accuracy remained very high for almost all participants across both groups. The researchers note that anxiety usually damages processing speed rather than raw accuracy. The fact that the exercise group got faster without making more mistakes confirms that their overall processing efficiency genuinely improved.
The brain wave recordings provided an internal view of how the exercise changed the participants’ cognitive processing. The researchers looked first at the N2 wave, an electrical pulse that peaks just after a person encounters conflicting information.
In the exercise group, the electrical amplitude of the N2 wave became noticeably smaller after the treadmill session. A smaller N2 wave typically means the brain is exerting less effort to detect and manage conflicting stimuli. The physical activity seemed to make the brain’s early conflict-monitoring system run more smoothly.
The team also measured the P3 wave, which appears slightly later than the N2 wave. The P3 wave is tied to how effectively the brain allocates its attention to a given task.
After the treadmill session, the exercise group generated a much larger P3 wave. This expansion indicates a heightened capacity to direct mental resources exactly where they need to go.
The control group essentially spun their wheels. The brain wave readings for the seated control group were not statistically significant when comparing their before and after states. Their brains processed the conflicting arrows with the exact same level of effort and attention as they had during the baseline test.
The researchers attribute these mental shifts to the neurochemical changes sparked by physical exertion. Moderate aerobic activity prompts the brain to release chemicals like dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin. These neurotransmitters help regulate mood and boost the function of the prefrontal cortex, a brain region heavily involved in higher-level reasoning and maintaining focus.
Lowering the students’ subjective anxiety likely freed up mental energy as well. When people aren’t dedicating active brainpower to worrying, they have more cognitive resources available to tackle the task in front of them without feeling overwhelmed.
While the results are promising, the research team noted several boundaries to their experiment. The study only monitored university students, entirely omitting middle and high school students who often experience the highest rates of academic distress. Future studies will need to test younger age groups.
The experiment also relied on an artificial testing scenario. While the researchers used cash prizes and video recordings to simulate stress, this setup does not perfectly mirror the emotional stakes of a real university exam. Tracking students during an actual testing week would provide more realistic data.
In addition, the study did not include a control group composed of students with low anxiety levels. Without this baseline, it is difficult to determine if the exercise brought the anxious students’ mental skills back to an average level or just elevated them slightly from a severe deficit.
Finally, a thirty-minute run is a temporary intervention. Even after the treadmill session, the students’ distress scores still registered moderately high. Researchers hope to investigate whether a consistent exercise routine, perhaps combined with psychological therapies, might offer a more lasting solution to academic anxiety.
The study, “Acute aerobic exercise improves inhibitory control in individuals with test anxiety: evidence from event-related potentials,” was authored by Lingfeng Wu and Renlai Zhou.
-------------------------------------------------
DAILY EMAIL DIGEST: Email [email protected] -- no subject or message needed.
Private, vetted email list for mental health professionals: https://www.clinicians-exchange.org
Unofficial Psychology Today Xitter to toot feed at Psych Today Unofficial Bot @PTUnofficialBot
NYU Information for Practice puts out 400-500 good quality health-related research posts per week but its too much for many people, so that bot is limited to just subscribers. You can read it or subscribe at @PsychResearchBot
Since 1991 The National Psychologist has focused on keeping practicing psychologists current with news, information and items of interest. Check them out for more free articles, resources, and subscription information: https://www.nationalpsychologist.com
EMAIL DAILY DIGEST OF RSS FEEDS -- SUBSCRIBE: http://subscribe-article-digests.clinicians-exchange.org
READ ONLINE: http://read-the-rss-mega-archive.clinicians-exchange.org
It's primitive... but it works... mostly...
-------------------------------------------------
#psychology #counseling #socialwork #psychotherapy @psychotherapist @psychotherapists @psychology @socialpsych @socialwork @psychiatry #mentalhealth #psychiatry #healthcare #depression #psychotherapist #TestAnxiety #AerobicExercise #CognitiveFocus #InhibitoryControl #FlankerTask #BrainWaves #N2P3 #PrefrontalCortex #AcademicPerformance #MentalFocus
-
DATE: May 10, 2026 at 02:00PM
SOURCE: PSYPOST.ORG** Research quality varies widely from fantastic to small exploratory studies. Please check research methods when conclusions are very important to you. **
-------------------------------------------------TITLE: A half hour of aerobic exercise reduces test anxiety and boosts cognitive focus in students
A brief session of moderate aerobic exercise can ease the psychological burden of test anxiety while sharpening the specific mental skills needed to ignore distractions. Researchers found that a quick run on a treadmill rebalances brain activity, helping students process conflicting information with greater speed and focus. The findings were recently published in Physiology & Behavior.
Test-related distress is a common experience that goes beyond simple nervousness. It involves intense worry, physical tension, a racing heartbeat, and scattered thoughts that arise before or during an evaluative situation. People facing this condition often struggle with a cognitive skill known as inhibitory control.
Inhibitory control is the brain’s ability to tune out irrelevant information and suppress impulsive responses. It acts as a mental filter that allows a person to focus on a test question rather than the ticking of a clock or their own internal worries. This mental barricade prevents distracting signals from derailing a person’s train of thought.
When psychological distress disrupts this mental filter, students become easily distracted by their own fears. Their brains dedicate precious processing power to managing the worry itself, leaving less energy available for actual problem-solving. This scattered focus degrades their academic performance and fuels even more worry.
The experience can create a loop of poor performance and escalating anxiety. To break this cycle, psychologists Lingfeng Wu and Renlai Zhou from Nanjing University designed an experiment to see if physical activity could serve as an immediate remedy. They wanted to evaluate whether an acute session of aerobic exercise could temporarily repair the mental filters of affected students.
The research team recruited forty university students who scored very high on an established anxiety questionnaire. These participants were randomly divided into two groups of twenty. One group was assigned to an aerobic exercise intervention, while the other served as a resting control group.
During the main phase of the experiment, the exercise group spent thirty minutes walking and jogging on a treadmill. The researchers continuously monitored the participants’ heart rates to ensure the activity remained at a moderate intensity. The control group spent the same thirty minutes sitting in a quiet room reading neutral, sports-related magazines.
Both before and after these thirty-minute sessions, the students underwent a specialized cognitive assessment known as the Flanker task. This computer-based challenge is specifically designed to measure a person’s inhibitory control abilities.
In the Flanker task, participants stare at a computer screen and wait for a row of five arrows to appear. They must quickly identify the direction the middle arrow is pointing, choosing either left or right. The challenge comes from the surrounding arrows, which act as deliberate visual distractions.
In some trials, all the arrows point in the exact same direction, making the response relatively easy. In other trials, the outer arrows point in the opposite direction of the center target. This creates a visual conflict that the participant must mentally override in order to choose the correct answer.
Throughout this task, the researchers recorded the students’ brain activity using an electroencephalogram. This device consists of a fitted cap with small sensors placed across the scalp to detect electrical signals in the brain. The scientists paid close attention to two specific brain wave patterns, known as the N2 and P3 waves.
To replicate the pressure of a real testing environment, the researchers manipulated the stakes of the computer task using a standard psychological tactic. They told the students that they were taking a highly reliable aptitude test that would successfully predict their future university performance. They also offered a cash reward for the top performers and informed the students that they were being recorded on video for expert analysis.
The results showed that the thirty-minute exercise session had an immediate, measurable impact. Students in the treadmill group reported lower levels of subjective anxiety on their questionnaires after working out. The control group saw no statistical difference in their self-reported anxiety levels.
The behavioral data from the computer task mirrored these emotional improvements. After exercising, the treadmill group became much faster at identifying the correct arrow direction across all trials.
More importantly, the exercise group showed a marked improvement in the difficult, conflicting trials. The reaction time gap between the easy trials and the hard trials shrank considerably. This reduction suggests a direct upgrade in their ability to filter out distracting, conflicting information.
Accuracy remained very high for almost all participants across both groups. The researchers note that anxiety usually damages processing speed rather than raw accuracy. The fact that the exercise group got faster without making more mistakes confirms that their overall processing efficiency genuinely improved.
The brain wave recordings provided an internal view of how the exercise changed the participants’ cognitive processing. The researchers looked first at the N2 wave, an electrical pulse that peaks just after a person encounters conflicting information.
In the exercise group, the electrical amplitude of the N2 wave became noticeably smaller after the treadmill session. A smaller N2 wave typically means the brain is exerting less effort to detect and manage conflicting stimuli. The physical activity seemed to make the brain’s early conflict-monitoring system run more smoothly.
The team also measured the P3 wave, which appears slightly later than the N2 wave. The P3 wave is tied to how effectively the brain allocates its attention to a given task.
After the treadmill session, the exercise group generated a much larger P3 wave. This expansion indicates a heightened capacity to direct mental resources exactly where they need to go.
The control group essentially spun their wheels. The brain wave readings for the seated control group were not statistically significant when comparing their before and after states. Their brains processed the conflicting arrows with the exact same level of effort and attention as they had during the baseline test.
The researchers attribute these mental shifts to the neurochemical changes sparked by physical exertion. Moderate aerobic activity prompts the brain to release chemicals like dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin. These neurotransmitters help regulate mood and boost the function of the prefrontal cortex, a brain region heavily involved in higher-level reasoning and maintaining focus.
Lowering the students’ subjective anxiety likely freed up mental energy as well. When people aren’t dedicating active brainpower to worrying, they have more cognitive resources available to tackle the task in front of them without feeling overwhelmed.
While the results are promising, the research team noted several boundaries to their experiment. The study only monitored university students, entirely omitting middle and high school students who often experience the highest rates of academic distress. Future studies will need to test younger age groups.
The experiment also relied on an artificial testing scenario. While the researchers used cash prizes and video recordings to simulate stress, this setup does not perfectly mirror the emotional stakes of a real university exam. Tracking students during an actual testing week would provide more realistic data.
In addition, the study did not include a control group composed of students with low anxiety levels. Without this baseline, it is difficult to determine if the exercise brought the anxious students’ mental skills back to an average level or just elevated them slightly from a severe deficit.
Finally, a thirty-minute run is a temporary intervention. Even after the treadmill session, the students’ distress scores still registered moderately high. Researchers hope to investigate whether a consistent exercise routine, perhaps combined with psychological therapies, might offer a more lasting solution to academic anxiety.
The study, “Acute aerobic exercise improves inhibitory control in individuals with test anxiety: evidence from event-related potentials,” was authored by Lingfeng Wu and Renlai Zhou.
-------------------------------------------------
DAILY EMAIL DIGEST: Email [email protected] -- no subject or message needed.
Private, vetted email list for mental health professionals: https://www.clinicians-exchange.org
Unofficial Psychology Today Xitter to toot feed at Psych Today Unofficial Bot @PTUnofficialBot
NYU Information for Practice puts out 400-500 good quality health-related research posts per week but its too much for many people, so that bot is limited to just subscribers. You can read it or subscribe at @PsychResearchBot
Since 1991 The National Psychologist has focused on keeping practicing psychologists current with news, information and items of interest. Check them out for more free articles, resources, and subscription information: https://www.nationalpsychologist.com
EMAIL DAILY DIGEST OF RSS FEEDS -- SUBSCRIBE: http://subscribe-article-digests.clinicians-exchange.org
READ ONLINE: http://read-the-rss-mega-archive.clinicians-exchange.org
It's primitive... but it works... mostly...
-------------------------------------------------
#psychology #counseling #socialwork #psychotherapy @psychotherapist @psychotherapists @psychology @socialpsych @socialwork @psychiatry #mentalhealth #psychiatry #healthcare #depression #psychotherapist #TestAnxiety #AerobicExercise #CognitiveFocus #InhibitoryControl #FlankerTask #BrainWaves #N2P3 #PrefrontalCortex #AcademicPerformance #MentalFocus
-
https://www.europesays.com/ie/425049/ Combined Body-Mind Exercise Reshapes the ADHD Brain #ADHD #CognitiveMotorTraining #Éire #Exercise #Fitness #Health #IE #InhibitoryControl #IntegratedExercise #Ireland #Neuroscience #WorkingMemory #WorldJournalOfPediatrics
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https://www.europesays.com/uk/878788/ Combined Body-Mind Exercise Reshapes the ADHD Brain #ADHD #CognitiveMotorTraining #exercise #Fitness #Health #InhibitoryControl #IntegratedExercise #Neuroscience #UK #UnitedKingdom #WorkingMemory #WorldJournalOfPediatrics
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Interesting new study in Psych Science:
"inhibitory control predicted a shared or general psychopathology dimension, but not ADHD-specific, anxiety-specific, or irritability-specific dimensions. Inhibitory control also showed a significant, selective association with global efficiency in a frontoparietal control network delineated during resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging."
https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/09567976241231574
#Psychology #Research #PsychScience #ADHD #InhibitoryControl
-
Interesting new study in Psych Science:
"inhibitory control predicted a shared or general psychopathology dimension, but not ADHD-specific, anxiety-specific, or irritability-specific dimensions. Inhibitory control also showed a significant, selective association with global efficiency in a frontoparietal control network delineated during resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging."
https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/09567976241231574
#Psychology #Research #PsychScience #ADHD #InhibitoryControl
-
Interesting new study in Psych Science:
"inhibitory control predicted a shared or general psychopathology dimension, but not ADHD-specific, anxiety-specific, or irritability-specific dimensions. Inhibitory control also showed a significant, selective association with global efficiency in a frontoparietal control network delineated during resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging."
https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/09567976241231574
#Psychology #Research #PsychScience #ADHD #InhibitoryControl
-
Interesting new study in Psych Science:
"inhibitory control predicted a shared or general psychopathology dimension, but not ADHD-specific, anxiety-specific, or irritability-specific dimensions. Inhibitory control also showed a significant, selective association with global efficiency in a frontoparietal control network delineated during resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging."
https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/09567976241231574
#Psychology #Research #PsychScience #ADHD #InhibitoryControl
-
Interesting new study in Psych Science:
"inhibitory control predicted a shared or general psychopathology dimension, but not ADHD-specific, anxiety-specific, or irritability-specific dimensions. Inhibitory control also showed a significant, selective association with global efficiency in a frontoparietal control network delineated during resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging."
https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/09567976241231574
#Psychology #Research #PsychScience #ADHD #InhibitoryControl
-
Executive challenges in autism & ADHD
https://embrace-autism.com/executive-challenges-in-autism-and-adhd/
#Attentiondeficithyperactivitydisorder(ADHD) #Goal-directedpersistence #Planning/prioritization #Executivedysfunction #Emotionalregulation #Executivefunctions #Responseinhibition #Sustainedattention #Inhibitorycontrol #Mentalflexibility #Prefrontalcortex #Executiveskills #Stresstolerance #Taskinitiation #Timemanagement #Metacognition #Workingmemory #Organization #Self-control -
Executive challenges in autism & ADHD
https://embrace-autism.com/executive-challenges-in-autism-and-adhd/
#Attentiondeficithyperactivitydisorder(ADHD) #Goal-directedpersistence #Planning/prioritization #Executivedysfunction #Emotionalregulation #Executivefunctions #Responseinhibition #Sustainedattention #Inhibitorycontrol #Mentalflexibility #Prefrontalcortex #Executiveskills #Stresstolerance #Taskinitiation #Timemanagement #Metacognition #Workingmemory #Organization #Self-control