#mortar — Public Fediverse posts
Live and recent posts from across the Fediverse tagged #mortar, aggregated by home.social.
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Back on the foundation job. Dug the trench deeper, making chiselling away the wrongful concrete slightly more ergonomic. Luckily they only bodged this side of the house (twice) or I would be looking into a bigger demolition tool.
Decided to leave the new concrete on the right to cure until it is hard enough to handle stone wedges. Shifting to the left and including the corner there instead.
With the previous gaps re-supported, I did the sections between them today, and since I hate leaving holes in the house open it got late before it was all done.
Didn't have enough wedges for the big gaps, so had to figure out how to make more. Basically hit a fieldstone with a big hammer until it breaks.
Knackered!
#Foundation #Renovation #LogHouse #DIY #Homestead #Stone #Mortar #Lime
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Today I chiselled off the sins of a previous owner. Concrete on wood :-(
Under the wrong concrete was an older layer of correct lime mortar, which is fine to use on wood because it will release moisture instead of trapping it. Forgotten knowledge.
Picked moss off some rocks and stuffed it to fill a gap in the corner. Moss is best for this job, and free.
After removing a wheelbarrow of concrete, I cleaned up, applied some wood preserver and then mixed up a bucket of fresh lime mortar to fill the gaps. After stuffing rocks in an old mouse hole first.
Lime mortar cures by binding atmospheric carbon dioxide, so I expect a fat payment for my carbon capture!
The rest was spent on a run to town for some paperwork and supplies.
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Again, don't do this with bare skin (use safety equipment and appropriate precautions)
July 17, 2018, PrimitiveTechnology
"I developed an experimental cement from made only from re-fired #WoodAsh as its #cementitious material. It was mixed with crushed #terracotta as an aggregate and formed into a cube. The cement set hard after 3 days and did not dissolve in water after this period.
"Process: First I burnt bark and leaves in a kiln at high temperatures to produce well burnt, mostly white wood ash. The ash was then mixed into water and stirred well. The excess water was poured off and the resulting paste was made into pellets and allowed to dry. A pellet was then re-heated in the #forge until it glowed about orange hot. This was then taken out, cooled and dropped in a pot of water. The pellet dissolved and boiled due to a chemical reaction with the water. The paste was stirred and crushed terracotta (old tiles from previous projects) was added and mixed to form a mouldable #mortar. This was formed into a cube and allowed to set for three days (in the video, a cube made exactly the same way 3 days previously was used due to time constraints). The resultant cube was strong and made a slight ringing sound when tapped with a finger nail. It was placed in water for 24 hours to simulate a very heavy rain event and did not dissolve or release residues into the water.
"My current theory: The main component of wood ash consists of #calcium in some form (e.g. #CalciumCarbonate, #CalciumOxide). This can be up to 45% from my research. Calcium is in higher concentration in the #bark and #leaves of a tree. When the ash is mixed with water, the soluble component of wood ash (10% pot ash) dissolves into the water. But seeing that it does nothing for the cementing process, it is drained off leaving the insoluble calcium (and other components) in the paste. Doing this probably raises the relative percentage of calcium in the paste to about 50% or more. Most of the other 50 % consists of silica and alumina which are #pozzolans, materials that chemically react with calcium hydroxide to increase the durability of the cement product. The paste was then made into a pellet and fired again to high temperature to convert all the calcium compounds to calcium oxide. It also reduces any charcoal in the pellet to ash if it hadn’t already been burnt the first time. This step seemed important as un-fired ash pellets only partially hardened and would fall apart in water, though retaining a weak undissolved 5mm thick crust. I can only surmise that re-firing the ash just gave a greater conversion of the calcium components to calcium oxide. The pellet is slaked in water converting the calcium oxide to calcium hydroxide. This cement was mixed with crushed terracotta which may also help in some way that I’m not aware of as I only did this one experiment and did not test other aggregates yet (e.g. sand, gravel etc.). Terracotta is porous and might hold together better than other materials. The mixture is allowed to set in air where carbon dioxide reacts with calcium hydroxide to form calcium carbonate cementing the aggregate together. After this, the cement will not dissolve in water.
"Use: I think this material might have a potential use as a mortar holding rocks or bricks together in wet environments where #limestone or #SnailShells are unavailable for making cement. Wood ash is a pretty ubiquitous material to most natural environments inhabited by people using biomass fuels. Wood ash cement turns a waste product into a valuable building material. From my research, wood ash is already being used as a partial replacement for cement in the building industry without decreases in strength of the final product. But I’ve only just started experimenting with it and don’t know its full capabilities and limitations. Calcium content of wood ash differs depending on the species of tree, the part of the tree burnt and the soil it’s grown on. Cautious experimentation is still required before committing to a hut built from this material."
Learn more:
https://primitivetechnology.wordpress.com/2018/07/17/wood-ash-cement/ -
NOTE: As someone pointed out, this is a DANGEROUS process and requires a lot of safety precautions. I would refer to other instructions with more safety measures. I posted this more for the uses of #Lime (as opposed to using tons of chemicals).
Burn #Seashell #Lime in a Primitive Straw/Clay #Kiln!
By skillcult
"In this project we use Earth, Water, Fire, Air, Animal, Vegetable and Mineral to make something with a multitude of practical uses. The text is detailed and stands alone, but the videos are very useful and entertaining. Video #1, the Quicky version, is the 7 minute general interest, entertainment version. Video #2, buildcult, is the long educational 20 minute version. I'd recommend watching the short version first, before reading this instructable, so that you have a visual reference. I did my best to make it worth 7 minutes of your life. I conceived this project for the Brave the Elements contest, which you can vote in here, hint hint.
"The goal is to build a kiln from natural materials in order to burn and slake #lime for #seashells. Lime is immensely valuable! If lime disappeared tomorrow, civilization would fall hard! It is the main ingredient in cement and can be used to make #mortar and #plaster. It can also be used in the arts for #limewash and fresco, in #Soapmaking, mixed with casein (milk protein) to make #PreIndustrial waterproof #glue and #paint, for smelting and refining metal, and to remove hair and prepare skins for rawhide, hide glue or tanning. Ever read the ingredients on your tortillas or tortilla chips and seen 'traces of lime'? That’s because lime is used in processing #corn kernels to make tortillas, hominy and grits, which is easy to do at home. Not only does it make corn more nutritious and digestible, but it also lends to the unique flavor of those products. Beet sugar is processed with lime too. Lime is also used to potentiate certain drug substances such as betel nut and coca leaves, a small bit of lime being chewed with the plant material to activate it. So, yeah, wow, lime is one of the most useful substances ever!
"A WORD ON SAFETY: A lot of people think that lime is some deadly scary chemical that will burn you face off. It’s not… not really... well, maybe. #QuickLime is dangerous, but that is a brief transient state. During #slaking, the quicklime will give off heat and boil vigorously, so that is dangerous since the stuff can splatter around and is not only hot, but also highly alkaline. So, yeah, okay, maybe doing a face plant in a boiling tub of quicklime may burn your face off. Don’t do that! Otherwise, the stuff is not that horrible, and people have been making #tortillas, mixing mortar, plastering walls and tanning leather without goggles and hazmat suits for a very long time. It is also non-toxic. You definitely don’t want your pets drinking lime water or your kids playing with lime, but that is due to it’s concentration mostly, and not to inherent toxicity. When diluted, it becomes less and less caustic and is at some point completely harmless. Once converted to #CalciumCarbonate by drying, it’s just like egg shells, sea shells or stone, not only non-toxic, but actually used as a #calcium supplement. So, don’t get it in your eyes, keep it away from children and pets, be careful when slaking and use common sense and everything will be fine. It will temporarily dry skin though skin though, so be aware of that.
"Before we get to the fun stuff, let me explain how this works. Don’t be intimidated by the chemistry terms, they aren’t important. The changes lime goes through have a name, The Lime Cycle. By heating stone or shells red hot, about 900 Celcius (called calcining), we can change lime from it’s stable inert form, calcium carbonate, into #Calciumxide. Calcium oxide, aka Qucklime, is the most unstable and highly reactive form of lime. Quicklime reacts violently with water, giving off tremendous heat and boiling vigorously. This reaction with water makes it into #CalciumHydroxide, which is similar to #lye, but not as strong. This is the form that is used the most in the arts and industries mentioned above. If the lime is kept under a layer of water, it will not only keep forever, but it improves with age! This stuff is called lime putty. You may be more familiar with the dry lime you can buy in a bag, which is dry calcium hydroxide. This bagged powdered #HydratedLime is widely available, but inferior to wet #SlakedLime putty. You can hardly buy lime putty, and it is very expensive, but you can make it! For more on the forms of lime see my article, Understanding Lime.
"Basically, #LimePutty is like liquid rocks. Once it is allowed to dry with exposure to air, it absorbs carbon from the atmosphere and turns back into a hard rock (or shell, which is pretty much the same thing). Think about that for a second. That is awesome!
"And thus the lime cycle is completed from rock or shell, to quicklime, to lime putty, and back to rock/shell.
"In my book, it doesn't get much funner than burning and slaking lime, so lets get this party started!"
Learn more:
https://www.instructables.com/Burn-Seashell-Lime-in-a-Primitive-StrawClay-Kiln/#SolarPunkSunday #OldTech #LowTech #LoTech #DIY #TraditionalTechnology
#AncientTechnology #CalciumCarbonate #TraditionalMortar #History #HistoricalMethods #OldTech #SeashellLime -
Burning #SeaShells to make #quicklime
Posted on November 10, 2018 by Per Storemyr
"Burning seashells to make quicklime once was a great tradition in the #NorthAtlantic region. In Millstone Park, Hyllestad (W-Norway), we have built two #limekilns, reviving old lime burning traditions, involving #craftspeople, volunteers and the public. Recently we burnt sea shells to make #LimePaint and #mortar! Read about the experiment in a new poster and web article."
https://per-storemyr.net/2018/11/10/burning-sea-shells-to-make-quicklime/
#SolarPunkSunday #TraditionalTechnology #AncientTechnology #Romans #Vikings #CalciumCarbonate #TraditionalMortar #Plaster #Paint #Limestone #Marble #History #HistoricalMethods #LowTech #OldTech
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#mortar : a mixture for joining bricks
- French: mortier
- German: der Mörser
- Italian: mortaio
- Portuguese: morteiro
- Spanish: mortero
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AUTOMATED FIREPOWER ON TRACKS
https://youtube.com/shorts/30bYe1iJ5hU?is=SXfiANsR_PHwmW2-
> The Bagulnik 82 automated mortar carrier utilizes an integrated robotic arm to facilitate precision loading of 82mm high explosive projectiles into a rear mortar.
Oh boy, I've found the automatic Mortar Sentry from Helldivers2 in real life but on tracks. 🤯😁😉
#Helldivers2 #Mortar #Sentry #YouTube #Shorts #Video #FIREPOWER
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Mortar and pestle for grinding ingredients, Portugal, 16th century AD
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#mortar : a strong vessel, commonly in form of an inverted bell, in which substances are pounded or rubbed with a pestle
- French: mortier
- German: der Mörser
- Italian: mortaio
- Portuguese: morteiro
- Spanish: mortero
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A daily challenge to chain words together @ https://wordwallgame.com
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Ahhhh... Using a hand-drill to start a fire. Now that takes me back to my days at the Wilderness School! I'd love to try and make a pottery-kiln (I'll be researching that soon...)
#Australia - Making #lime with Primitive Technology
"When heated above 840 degrees Celsius, the lime decomposes into calcium oxide (CaO) or #Quicklime and releases carbon dioxide (CO2). When water is added to the quicklime it becomes calcium hydroxide Ca (OH)2 or #LimePutty. From here the calcium hydroxide can then be shaped into a form and allowed to set.
Carbon dioxide enters the lime putty as it dries causing it to turn back into calcium carbonate. The new calcium carbonate has then set, remaining solid and water resistant.
In my local geography, calcareous rocks such as limestone are absent leading to a difficulty in acquiring the feed stock for lime making. However, I was still able to make lime by collecting the shells of large terrestrial snails that are native to the rainforest here. The unoccupied shells of these snails were gathered up and stored at the hut. Fire wood was gathered and packed neatly into the kiln.
Importantly, the firewood was stacked on top of the grate rather than underneath it in the firebox as is the normal procedure for firing pottery. Using an ordinary updraft pottery kiln in this configuration allows it to reach much higher temperatures than would be possible during normal use. The wood was lit from above and the fire burned down towards the grate. Alternate layers of shells and wood were added on to this burning fuel bed. After adding the last layer of wood to act as a 'lid' to prevent heat loss from above I left the kiln to finish on its own, unsupervised. The whole process took about an hour and a half.
When the kiln had cooled down a few hours later, I took out the calcined shells. Not shown in the video was the fact that some shells got so hot, the dirt stuck to them turned into slag and fused to them, possibly with the lime acting a flux lowering its melting point. This extreme heat (+1200 c) should be avoided as the over burnt lime becomes 'dead lime', unable to slake in water. Most shells were still useable though. They were taken out of the kiln and had water added to them.
An exothermic reaction then ensued. Heat was produced as the lime quicklime turned into slaked lime. The water heated up creating steam and the shells decomposed into a white paste. The paste was stirred and crushed pottery was added to it as an aggregate (sand is normally used for this, I just had a lot of old pot sherds lying about to dispose of).
This lime mortar mixture was then formed into a block shape and left to dry. It took about a week and a half to set as we have had extremely humid, wet weather. The block was observed to have set demonstrating its properties.
What I created is actually lime mortar, typically used for mortaring bricks and tiles together. It’s basically the ‘Glue’ that holds together the building blocks of masonry structures. From my research 20 kg of lime mortar is used on a 1 m square section of brick wall. 5 kg of lime to 15 kg of aggregate (sand, grog etc.) per a 1 m square section of bricks. The shells, though large, are not terribly abundant. A method for finding shells efficiently needs to be made before considering making lime mortar in this fashion. From my experience sand bars in a creek sometimes accumulate snail shells from higher up in the mountains. In these spots, water velocity decreases and shells in the water tend to drop out of the water column. Additionally lime may be partially replaced with ordinary wood ash in mortar without a corresponding decrease in strength. To conclude, making lime in a land without limestone is possible but can be problematic when trying to do so on a large scale."
Watch:
https://thekidshouldseethis.com/post/making-lime-with-primitive-technologyYT:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ek3aeUhHaFY&t=46sWordpress:https://primitivetechnology.wordpress.com/
Patreon page: https://www.patreon.com/user?u=2945881
#SolarPunkSunday #SustainableMaterials #TraditionalTechnology #ZeroWaste #Mortar #LimeMortar #Snailshells #Adaptation #AncientTechnologies #Science #AnimalProducts #LocalMaterials
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How to Make #Lime (#Apog) from #Clamshells
Aug 1, 2020
"Eating seashells is one of your favorites?... Well, what you can do to the #clamshells?... Some of us, didn't know on how to make it into valuable product just like making lime or 'apog'. Find out in this video, saving shells to become waste."
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UGdEYUj5LU8
#SolarPunkSunday #SustainableMaterials #TraditionalTechnology #ZeroWaste #Clamshells #Mortar #LimeMortar #Seashells
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Improvised mortar cart. Because that big mixing bucket can get pretty heavy and the lime is in the barn, the sand outside the barn and the water over by the well, so it gets hauled around to join them all into some nice mortar. Then carted to where it's needed.
Saved me a lot of lifting today! 👍
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#mortar : a strong vessel, commonly in form of an inverted bell, in which substances are pounded or rubbed with a pestle
- French: mortier
- German: der Mörser
- Italian: mortaio
- Portuguese: morteiro
- Spanish: mortero
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Fill in missing translations @ https://wordofthehour.org/r/translations
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Russia preparing decisive breakthrough near Pokrovsk
#Ukraine said #Russia deployed experienced marine units to #Pokrovsk area. #Russian forces shifted tactics, sending small groups to infiltrate deep into city & avoiding direct clashes with #Ukrainian forces
Russia’s main objective is to approach Ukrainian #drone, #mortar positions, disperse defense forces, entrench new positions, expanding gray zone
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Some lime mortar building history.
Lime mortar takes a long time to dry and cure. Up to two years for a whole building. During that time it absorbs CO2 and releases moisture. But only if it is warm enough.
It was beneficial to have some residents in a new building who would heat it and ventilate it and breathe out some CO2 (probably not a huge factor, but this was the belief at the time).
But since it was very moist and unpleasant inside during this time, the building was rented for free or very low rent to the poor, to inhabit during drying time. When it was dry enough, they got kicked out and would move to another new building.
The German term for these poor people was "Trockenwohner" (drying residents).