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New blog post: Bringing WebAssembly to microcontrollers:
https://blog.fireflyzero.com/pages/history2/
This is the 2/2 part covering the history of Firefly Zero. It talks more about #wasm, my personal experience with it, #TinyGo, #FOSDEM, #WASMIO, @mechanoid, #AdaFruit #PyBadge, and many other amazing bleeding edge technologies that made Firefly Zero possible.
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New blog post: Bringing WebAssembly to microcontrollers:
https://blog.fireflyzero.com/pages/history2/
This is the 2/2 part covering the history of Firefly Zero. It talks more about #wasm, my personal experience with it, #TinyGo, #FOSDEM, #WASMIO, @mechanoid, #AdaFruit #PyBadge, and many other amazing bleeding edge technologies that made Firefly Zero possible.
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New blog post: Bringing WebAssembly to microcontrollers:
https://blog.fireflyzero.com/pages/history2/
This is the 2/2 part covering the history of Firefly Zero. It talks more about #wasm, my personal experience with it, #TinyGo, #FOSDEM, #WASMIO, @mechanoid, #AdaFruit #PyBadge, and many other amazing bleeding edge technologies that made Firefly Zero possible.
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SHT41 is not too hot, not to cold - just right! 🌡️👌🔄🔗📚🐻🐻🐻👧
the SHT41 sits right between the SHT40 https://www.adafruit.com/product/4885 and the SHT45 https://www.adafruit.com/product/5665 with the same typical +-1.8% humidity accuracy as the SHT40 but better guaranteed performance at the edges of functionality: +-2.5% instead of 3.5%. Given its the same footprint as the SHT40 it's an easy respin, so here ya go
#SHT41 #JustRight #TemperatureSensor #HumidityAccuracy #Adafruit #Electronics #EasyReSpin NotTooHot #NotTooCold
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SHT41 is not too hot, not to cold - just right! 🌡️👌🔄🔗📚🐻🐻🐻👧
the SHT41 sits right between the SHT40 https://www.adafruit.com/product/4885 and the SHT45 https://www.adafruit.com/product/5665 with the same typical +-1.8% humidity accuracy as the SHT40 but better guaranteed performance at the edges of functionality: +-2.5% instead of 3.5%. Given its the same footprint as the SHT40 it's an easy respin, so here ya go
#SHT41 #JustRight #TemperatureSensor #HumidityAccuracy #Adafruit #Electronics #EasyReSpin NotTooHot #NotTooCold
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SHT41 is not too hot, not to cold - just right! 🌡️👌🔄🔗📚🐻🐻🐻👧
the SHT41 sits right between the SHT40 https://www.adafruit.com/product/4885 and the SHT45 https://www.adafruit.com/product/5665 with the same typical +-1.8% humidity accuracy as the SHT40 but better guaranteed performance at the edges of functionality: +-2.5% instead of 3.5%. Given its the same footprint as the SHT40 it's an easy respin, so here ya go
#SHT41 #JustRight #TemperatureSensor #HumidityAccuracy #Adafruit #Electronics #EasyReSpin NotTooHot #NotTooCold
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Adafruit Trinket M0 Moving COM Ports in Arduino
I’ve been playing around with the Adafruit Trinket M0 board in an effort to a) move over to 32-bit Cortex M processors from 8-bit AVRs; and b) get to know CircuitPython a little more. I know there are more powerful boards, but I liked the small form factor of the Trinket M0 and see it as a good way into some of the other SAMD based boards supported by the Arduino IDE in the future too.
But the thing I want to do right now isn’t supported in CircuitPython, so I’m using the Arduino IDE.
It’s great how the board can support either, and it all started out fine, but somehow I’ve managed to get into the position where the board keeps coming up as two different serial ports under Windows. It is COM35 when in bootloader mode (when you can see the TRINKETBOOT drive) but once I load in a sketch from the Arduino IDE and it starts running it it switches over to COM36. It was starting to get really irritating, especially when I wanted to use the serial monitor, as I was constantly telling the IDE which port to use!
There does seem to be a fix though. I don’t know if this is a universal fix and it might cause problems further down the line, but it worked for me for now. I also don’t know if this is a common thing for SAMD M0 boards – I can imagine it being a common issue for any board that re-uses the USB port as a serial port but under a different environment (like the Trinket does in the two modes).
In Device Manager you should be able to see the Trinket under “Ports” with the two COM port assignments as it changes.
But you can tell Windows what port assignment to use, so to make them the same do the following:
- Check you see which COM port is in use in bootloader mode and then load a sketch and check the COM port number when running a sketch. For me these were 35 and 36 respectively, but it will depend what other devices you’ve used (I used a lot of different microcontrollers!)
- In Device Manager right click on the sketch COM port under “ports” and select Properties.
- In Properties, if you aren’t already admin on your machine, you need to select “Change Settings” which has the admin icon.
- Under Port Settings, select Advanced.
- At the bottom you will see COM Port Number – you can select this and swap it from the sketch COM port to the same as the bootloader COM port. Windows will show it as “in use” and check that you are sure you know what you are doing. I just pretended I did and hit “ok”.
You must be sure to get the right COM port here, I don’t know what happens if you choose the wrong one! Presumably you’ll get weird things going on if you ever plug in both devices Windows things are that COM port at the same time.
Assuming you chose wisely, at this point whichever mode the Trinket is in – bootloader or running sketches, it should be recognised by Windows as the same COM port and you no longer need to change anything in the Arduino IDE, although I still have to “double click” reset to enter bootloader mode to upload sketches. I don’t know if this is typical – I guess so, but I can live with that.
Note that dropping the CircuitPython bootloader back onto the Trinket sets it back to a different COM port again, but that just seems to be what it does… I’ll update this post as I discover more and if I uncover and weird side effects…
Kevin
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I was browsing some of the newer ATtiny chips the other day and started to make a note of some of their properties and it made me realise I actually have quite a few different microcontrollers at my disposal and many more I could be having a look at.
But having committed to not attempting to get hold of every variant of every device to put a MIDI interface on it, I thought it would still be worth a post summarising some of the features to make selecting them in the future a little easier.
There are many comparison charts and tables online, but this is my own summary of the things that are important to me right now in terms of using them for musical purposes.
Note: I think the data is correct at the time of writing. Feel free to let me know of any mistakes. Also feel free to let me know what microcontrollers you use for music, and why, in the comments.
8-bit Microcontrollers
MCUFreqPWRGPIOADCPWMDACCommsRAMFlashATmega328P16MHz2.7-5.5V236/860UART, I2C, SPI2K32KATmega32U416MHz2.7-5.5V261280UART, I2C, SPI, USB2.5K32KATtiny858/20MHz2.7-5.5V6460USI5128KATtiny8812MHz2.7-5.5V28620I2C, SPI5128KATtiny21(2|4)
ATtiny41(2|4|6)20MHz1.8-5.5V6|12
6|12|186|10
6|10|1261UART, I2C, SPI128
2562K
4K32-bit Microcontrollers
MCUFreqPWRFPUGPIOADCPWMDACCommsRAMFlashSAMD21 (M0+)48MHz1.6-3.6VN30/381430?1SERCOM, I2S, USB4-32K32-256KSAMD51 (M4)120MHz1.6-3.6VY513237?1SERCOM, I2S, USB128-256256-1024KRP2040 (2xM0+)133MHz3.3VN304110UART, I2C, SPI, USB, PIO264KexternalESP32 (LX6)160MHz3.0-3.6VY3418162UART, I2C, SPI, I2S, Wi-Fi, BT0-2M0-4MESP32-S2 (LX7)240MHz2.8-3.6VN?432080UART, I2C, SPI, I2S, Wi-Fi0-2M0-2-4MESP32-S3 (2xLX7)240MHz3.0-3.6VY452080UART, I2C, SPI, I2S, Wi-Fi, BT0-2-8-16M0-4-8MESP32-A1S (2xLX6)240MHx3.0-3.6VY?14??2UART, I2C, SPI, I2S520K+4M0?Points of Note
- The ATmega and ATtiny devices are all 8-bit AVR architecture and might be either 3V3 or 5V operation depending on the device. Whereas the others are all 32-bit, 3V3 operation, and either ARM or Tensilica Xtensa architectures.
- The SAMD51, ESP32 and ESP32-S3 are all interesting as they include a floating point unit, which might be useful if I get into requiring mathematical synthesis.
- ATtiny2xx, ATtiny4xx, SAMD21, SAMD51, ESP32 all include a DAC which would be really useful for generating control voltages.
- ATmega32U4, SAMD21, SAMD51, RP2040 all support USB directly.
- The last one is an interesting device. The ESP32-A1S is a single module that includes an ESP32 and a CODEC module. More recent versions use the ES8388 and support two audio in/out channels. There is an Espressif Audio Development Framework for use with all ESP32-based devices.
Other MCUs of possible interest might include some of the newer RISC-V devices (e.g. ESP32-C3), the STM32 device range (the higher performing devices include floating point support, for example), the Teensy boards (which have a strong following for audio applications), and even running with the broadcom devices used on the various Raspberry Pis in “bare metal” mode.
A key tradeoff already would be choosing between a more powerful, probably 32-bit, 3V3 logic devices or a less capable 5V device.
Development Boards
I’m unlikely to be working with a microcontroller directly though, given my own level of knowledge, so I’m probably going to be looking at some kind of development board.
The following could all be possibilities if I’m happy running at 3V3.
Note, many of the form-factors, e.g. Adafruit’s QT Py or Feather, support most of the architectures – but not all are listed – just those I have or might consider. I’ve also added in some other boards that I know are often used (or shout about being used) for audio applications.
Prices are approximate at time of writing (Feb 2024).
BoardMCUArchSpeedRAM/FlashFPUGPIOADCPWMI2SDACCostRPi PicoRP20402xM0+133MHz264K/2MN27316PIO0£4XIAOSAMD21M0+48MHz32K/256KN14111111£6XIAORP20402xM0+133MHz264K/2MN11411PIO0£6XIAOESP32-S32xLX7240MHz8M/8MY1191110£8XIAOESP32-C3RISC-V160MHz4K/4M?114110£6QT PySAMD21M0+48MHz32K/256KN119911£9QT PyRP20402xM0+125MHz264K/8MN13413PIO0£10QT PyESP32-S32xLX7240MHz512K+2M/4MY13101310£15TrinketSAMD21M0+48MHz32K/256KN55211£9ItsyBitsySAMD21M0+48MHz32K/256KN23111311£12ItsyBitsySAMD51M4120MHz192K/512K+2MN2371812£15FeatherSAMD21M0+48MHz32K/256KN2062011£19FeatherSAMD51M4120MHz192K/512K+2MY2161612£23FeatherRP20402xM0+125MHz264K/8MN21416PIO0£12FeatherESP32-S32xLX7240MHz2M/4MY2162110£17BananaPicoWESP32-S32xLX7240MHz512K/2M+8MY2718810£4WROOM32ESP322xLX6<240MHz500K/448K+4MY34152512£3Teensy 3.6MK66FX1M4F180MHz256K/1MY64252212N/ATeensy 4.0IMXRT1062M7600MHz1M/2MY40143120£26Teensy 4.1IMXRT1062M7600MHz1M/8MY55183520£30Arduino MKR ZeroSAMD21M0+48MHz32K/256KN2271311£30Arduino Giga R1STM32H747XM7
M4480MHz
240MHz1M/2M?761413?2£70It is interesting to note which boards support a DAC and which support I2S, both very useful for audio applications and the number of ADCs is relevant too.
Boards specifically designed for audio processing, which I’ve no direct experience of, include:
- Pico ADK – A RP2040 based “audio development kit” with 8 ADCs and SPI DAC.
- Daisy Seed – an ARM Cortex-M7 with audio IO designed for DSP and audio applications (£35)
- Bela and Bela Mini – designed for use with Beaglebone for real-time, low-latency audio processing (~£130-£160).
And it is worth noting that the Teensy has many features well suited to audio processing, including a dedicated software audio toolkit (see below).
Software Audio Frameworks
There are a number of software frameworks for use with some of the above for audio processing:
- Phil Schatzmann’s Arduino Audio Tools.
- Espressif’s Audio Development Framework.
- The Arduino Sound Library.
- Marcel-Licence’s ML Synth Tools for ESP32.
- Teensy Audio Library.
- Arduino Giga R1 Advanced ADCDAC Applications.
- Adafruit’s CircuitPython synthio.
There is a bit of discussion about these here: Arduino Audio and MIDI Frameworks.
Closing Thoughts
I expect this page will evolve with new information, but it will be good to have a single post to refer back to.
Kevin
https://diyelectromusic.wordpress.com/2024/05/07/selecting-microcontrollers-for-music/
#adafruit #arduino #attiny #esp32 #raspberryPi #raspberryPiPico #samd21 #samd51 #teensy
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here we test it on an RP2040 QT Py https://www.adafruit.com/product/4900 with CircuitPython to play each wav file on the SD card through a speaker hooked up to a molex picoblade connector. All open-source hardware ... sounds great! lets order them today...
#adafruit #electronics #opensource #opensourcehardware #AudioBFF #I2SAmplifier #MicroSD #SoundTest #CircuitPython #RP2040 #raspberrypi
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here we test it on an RP2040 QT Py https://www.adafruit.com/product/4900 with CircuitPython to play each wav file on the SD card through a speaker hooked up to a molex picoblade connector. All open-source hardware ... sounds great! lets order them today...
#adafruit #electronics #opensource #opensourcehardware #AudioBFF #I2SAmplifier #MicroSD #SoundTest #CircuitPython #RP2040 #raspberrypi
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here we test it on an RP2040 QT Py https://www.adafruit.com/product/4900 with CircuitPython to play each wav file on the SD card through a speaker hooked up to a molex picoblade connector. All open-source hardware ... sounds great! lets order them today...
#adafruit #electronics #opensource #opensourcehardware #AudioBFF #I2SAmplifier #MicroSD #SoundTest #CircuitPython #RP2040 #raspberrypi
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Adafruit’s Cheekmate gets to the bottom (ahem) of chess cheating controversy - The clever folks at Adafruit tested their Cheekmate chess-cheating prototype by em... - https://arstechnica.com/?p=1887540 #chesscheatingscandal #conspiracytheories #gaming&culture #internetmemes #chess
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Adafruit AVRProg Grows UPDI Interface Support - Making a small number of things with an embedded application is pretty straightfor... - https://hackaday.com/2021/11/08/adafruit-avrprog-grows-updi-interface-support/ #arduinohacks #embedded #arduino #updi
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Adafruit Badges Turned Electronic Invitations https://hackaday.com/2024/05/28/adafruit-badges-turned-electronic-invitations/ #Microcontrollers #electronicbadge #makecode #pybadge #invite #Games
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Adafruit Badges Turned Electronic Invitations - Despite what you might have heard, even the most devout Hackaday readers may event... - https://hackaday.com/2024/05/28/adafruit-badges-turned-electronic-invitations/ #microcontrollers #electronicbadge #makecode #pybadge #invite #games
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Looking back through old photos... back in 2021 as a fun "a few days" project I ported a poker solitaire game to the cute $45 handheld #Adafruit #pygamer, and got a backshell for it 3D printed (SLS pink nylon).
That being said, I haven't done anything more with this handheld, the bits of game design time I have are focused on PICO8 (cozy design tools, larger-yet-still-niche audience, playable on a range of retro handhelds like the RGB30) or offline pencil-and-paper games.
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Hey @jasoncoon ,
Have you ever controlled 800 or so WS2811 LEDs with your pixel mapper? We edge lit wrapped all these letters at work and I wanna map em so I can make em rainbow fade from top to bottom.
Sure the fastled strip effects are cool, but I really wanna get the pixels mapped for more neat things. I figure with 8mb of ram, the RP2040 or M4 #Adafruit feathers might be nice?
Programming is fun :)
#led #notneon #electronics #programming #pixelmapping #brooklyn #sign #fastled #ws2811
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Uh-oh. The Adafruit fairy paid me a visit. I'm now in the "two free dev boards and a coaster" customer tier.
Items are identified in the alt. text.
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@blitzcitydiy
Came out beautiful!😍
https://youtube.com/shorts/Exk-TGRGq00Circle of Fifths Euclidean Synth with synthio and CircuitPython
https://learn.adafruit.com/circle-of-fifths-euclidean-synth-with-synthio-and-circuitpythonPity that all my 14-segment displays are all the same colour
#Adafruit #SynthDIY #ElectronicMusic #MusicTheory #Alphanumeric #LEDs
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Adafruit BrainCraft HAT – HackSpace Magazine Issue 76 #BrainCraft @HackSpaceMag @Raspberry_Pi https://blog.adafruit.com/2024/03/26/adafruit-braincraft-hat-hackspace-magazine-issue-76-braincraft-hackspacemag-raspberry_pi/?utm_source=dlvr.it&utm_medium=%5Binfosec.exchange%5D
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@Tali My Adafruit Macropad arrived yay! So list of upcoming holiday vacation projects now includes PyPortals, Macropad, and a 7" touchscreen that's been sitting on my desk for a few months. I can't even remember why I bought that one. I also have a Braincraft module lying around 🤓 #Adafruit #PyPotal #CircuitPython #BrainCraft #HolidayCodingProjects
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You wouldn’t believe the amount of engineering that has gone into making these computer controlled shoes (433 radio, not WiFi!) #led #ledlights #electronics #adafruit #adafruitfeather
https://www.instagram.com/p/BofDRO5nqe1/ -
@adafruit just made my first order! So excited to get my #neotropolis jacket blinking!
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NEW GUIDE: Adafruit Proto Tripler PiCowbell #AdafruitLearningSystem @Adafruit https://blog.adafruit.com/2024/05/29/new-guide-adafruit-proto-tripler-picowbell-adafruitlearningsystem-adafruit/?utm_source=dlvr.it&utm_medium=%5Binfosec.exchange%5D
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NEW GUIDE: Adafruit PiCowbell Camera Breakout #AdafruitLearningSystem #Adafruit @adafruit https://blog.adafruit.com/2024/05/13/new-guide-adafruit-picowbell-camera-breakout-adafruitlearningsystem-adafruit-adafruit/?utm_source=dlvr.it&utm_medium=%5Binfosec.exchange%5D
