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48 results for “Zinovia”
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NEON INFERNO (DEMO) (2025) (Run And Gun) (PC Windows) [GAMEPLAY] [EN] [HD]
YT : https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MywfbZHhBlU
#demo #neoninferno #pc #windows #steam #2025 #runandgun #videogame #gameplay #games #gaming #zenoviainteractive #retroware
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(3/11) ... tiens le sont, comme tous les youpins ! Sache que je vais tous vous exterminer.» - ataman Kozyr Szyrka + «Vous payez pour #Trotski !» + Lev Kamenev, Grigori Zinoviev + création organes autogérés dit soviets (cf 1917).
= pression extrême -> concessions du Tsar Nicolas 2 acculé rappelle Serge Witte ex ministre des Finances (cf 1894 1903 1906) devenu chef de gouvernement -> convainc le Tsar signer Manifeste du 17 octobre ...
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(3/11) ... tiens le sont, comme tous les youpins ! Sache que je vais tous vous exterminer.» - ataman Kozyr Szyrka + «Vous payez pour #Trotski !» + Lev Kamenev, Grigori Zinoviev + création organes autogérés dit soviets (cf 1917).
= pression extrême -> concessions du Tsar Nicolas 2 acculé rappelle Serge Witte ex ministre des Finances (cf 1894 1903 1906) devenu chef de gouvernement -> convainc le Tsar signer Manifeste du 17 octobre ...
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(3/11) ... tiens le sont, comme tous les youpins ! Sache que je vais tous vous exterminer.» - ataman Kozyr Szyrka + «Vous payez pour #Trotski !» + Lev Kamenev, Grigori Zinoviev + création organes autogérés dit soviets (cf 1917).
= pression extrême -> concessions du Tsar Nicolas 2 acculé rappelle Serge Witte ex ministre des Finances (cf 1894 1903 1906) devenu chef de gouvernement -> convainc le Tsar signer Manifeste du 17 octobre ...
-
(3/11) ... tiens le sont, comme tous les youpins ! Sache que je vais tous vous exterminer.» - ataman Kozyr Szyrka + «Vous payez pour #Trotski !» + Lev Kamenev, Grigori Zinoviev + création organes autogérés dit soviets (cf 1917).
= pression extrême -> concessions du Tsar Nicolas 2 acculé rappelle Serge Witte ex ministre des Finances (cf 1894 1903 1906) devenu chef de gouvernement -> convainc le Tsar signer Manifeste du 17 octobre ...
-
(3/11) ... tiens le sont, comme tous les youpins ! Sache que je vais tous vous exterminer.» - ataman Kozyr Szyrka + «Vous payez pour #Trotski !» + Lev Kamenev, Grigori Zinoviev + création organes autogérés dit soviets (cf 1917).
= pression extrême -> concessions du Tsar Nicolas 2 acculé rappelle Serge Witte ex ministre des Finances (cf 1894 1903 1906) devenu chef de gouvernement -> convainc le Tsar signer Manifeste du 17 octobre ...
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US ‘incredibly concerned’ over threat to supply weapons to North Korea after Asia tour
Vladimir Putin’s suggestion that Russia could supply weapons to North Korea is “incredibly concerning”, a senior US official has said,
days after #Putin and North Korea’s leader, #Kim Jong-un, signed a defence pact that
👉requires their countries to provide immediate military assistance if either is attacked.Matthew #Miller, a US state department spokesperson, said the provision of Russian weapons to Pyongyang
“would destabilise the Korean peninsula, of course, and potentially … depending on the type of weapons they provide … violate UN security council resolutions that Russia itself has supported”.The US secretary of state, Antony #Blinken, and South Korea’s foreign ministry said the treaty between Russia and North Korea
posed a “serious threat” to peace and stability on the Korean peninsula.Blinken said the US would consider “various measures” in response to the pact, which elevated ties between the sanctions-hit states to their highest level since the cold war.
South Korea summoned the Russian ambassador to protest against the pact with North Korea, as border tensions continued to rise.
Seoul has also said it would
🔸consider providing arms to Ukraine, 🔸triggering an angry response from the Russian ambassador, Georgy #Zinoviev,
who said attempts to blackmail and threaten Russia were unacceptable, Russia’s Tass news agency reported.In his meeting with Zinoviev on Friday, the South Korean vice-foreign minister, Kim Hong-kyun, condemned the treaty
and called on Russia to immediately halt military cooperation with North Korea.Friction over shipments of weapons to both sides in the war in Ukraine has worsened this week,
amid ♦️speculation that Putin and Kim discussed additional supplies of North Korean missiles and ammunition ♦️
for use by Russian forces when they met in Pyongyang on Wednesday. -
A mysterious and impressive ancient tunnel discovered in an archaeological excavation in Jerusalem
A mysterious and impressive ancient tunnel, hewn through the rock over a length of approximately 50 meters, was unexpectedly discovered near Kibbutz Ramat Rachel in Jerusalem. The extraordinary discovery was uncovered during archaeological excavations conducted by the Israel Antiquities Authority prior to the construction of a new neighborhood, funded and initiated by the Israel Lands Authority. The neighborhood plan, being advanced by the Israel Lands Authority north of Ramat Rachel, includes 488 housing units, thousands of square meters designated for employment and commercial use, over an area of approximately 58 dunams, as well as an elementary school and kindergartens.
“We were excavating in relatively rocky and exposed terrain when suddenly we discovered a natural karstic cavity,” said Dr. Sivan Mizrahi and Zinovi Matskevich, excavation directors on behalf of the Israel Antiquities Authority. “To our amazement, as the excavation progressed, this cavity developed into a long tunnel. Parts of it are still collapsed, so the tunnel has not yet revealed all of its secrets.”
The entrance to the ancient complex from the surface was through a staircase descending to a hewn opening that led into the tunnel. The tunnel itself was discovered filled with layers of soil that had accumulated over hundreds, perhaps even thousands, of years.
One of the entrances to the underground complex uncovered in the Jerusalem excavations. Photo: Yoli Schwartz, Israel Antiquities Authority
Excavation at several points inside the tunnel showed that it reaches a height of up to 5 meters and a width of approximately 3 meters.“The quarrying was executed meticulously. It is clear that whoever carved this tunnel invested tremendous effort, careful planning, and possessed the capabilities and resources necessary to achieve this goal.”
Yet the purpose of the tunnel remains unclear.
The ancient tunnel uncovered in Jerusalem. Photo: Yoli Schwartz, Israel Antiquities AuthorityAt first, researchers proposed that this was an ancient water installation intended to reach a spring source. This assumption, however, was ruled out, first because the tunnel walls are not plastered and, second, following consultation with a geologist, because no underground water horizons are known in this area, and the tunnel contains no indication of water accumulation.
The possibility that this was some kind of underground agricultural or industrial installation was then examined, but the scale of the work and the absence of comparable sites in the vicinity made this explanation unlikely.
The ancient tunnel uncovered in Jerusalem. Photo: Yoli Schwartz, Israel Antiquities AuthorityThe researchers’ current assessment is therefore that the tunnel was intended to reach a chalk layer suitable for quarrying building stones or producing lime. Possible evidence supporting this interpretation includes a shaft carved into the tunnel’s ceiling, which may have been used for ventilation, as well as quarrying debris discovered on the tunnel floor – although this interpretation, too, remains uncertain.
Alternatively, the findings may indicate that the quarrying and construction of the tunnel were never completed, and therefore its intended purpose and nature remain unknown.
According to Dr. Mizrahi and Matskevich, “The date of the tunnel is also a mystery to us, since not even the smallest find was uncovered that could indicate when it was created. At the same time, the tunnel lies only a few hundred meters, as the crow flies, from two significant ancient sites – a public building from the Iron Age (First Temple period) in the Arnona neighborhood, and Tel Ramat Rachel, where settlement remains dating from the Iron Age through the Islamic period have been documented.”
Shikma Sig, Jerusalem Region Planner at the Israel Lands Authority, said: “The Israel Lands Authority promoted the plan north of Ramat Rachel, which includes a residential quarter alongside a unique archaeological park that will be established for the benefit of residents. The neighborhood offers a rare combination of modern urban development and preservation of historical heritage, providing the future community with a green open space that makes the treasures of history accessible just beneath their homes. The Israel Lands Authority is proud to advance sustainable urban development for the benefit of Jerusalem residents and the citizens of Israel as a whole.”
Dr. Amit Re’em, Jerusalem District Archaeologist at the Israel Antiquities Authority, added: “We are celebrating Jerusalem Day this week. This discovery joins many others being uncovered every day, hour by hour, throughout the city. The archaeologists and researchers of the Israel Antiquities Authority are constantly at work, because this city never ceases to surprise. Usually we have explanations for the discoveries we uncover, but sometimes, as in this case, we stand astonished and amazed.”
According to Israeli Minister of Heritage Rabbi Amichai Eliyahu, “During Jerusalem Day week, this special discovery reminds us of the deep and ancient connection of the Jewish people to Jerusalem. Beneath the city’s soil, extraordinary enterprises of life, creativity and construction are revealed time and again, testifying to generations of people who lived and worked here and left their mark. Jerusalem is not only the present-day capital of the State of Israel – it is also the heart of the historical story of the Jewish people, which continues to be uncovered before our eyes.”
This impressive discovery is expected to be incorporated into an archaeological park for the benefit of the public and the future residents of the neighborhood being planned by the Israel Lands Authority.
Source: IAA
#archaeology #archeologia #Israel #Jerusalem #notizie #scavi #scaviArcheologici #scoperte -
A mysterious and impressive ancient tunnel discovered in an archaeological excavation in Jerusalem
A mysterious and impressive ancient tunnel, hewn through the rock over a length of approximately 50 meters, was unexpectedly discovered near Kibbutz Ramat Rachel in Jerusalem. The extraordinary discovery was uncovered during archaeological excavations conducted by the Israel Antiquities Authority prior to the construction of a new neighborhood, funded and initiated by the Israel Lands Authority. The neighborhood plan, being advanced by the Israel Lands Authority north of Ramat Rachel, includes 488 housing units, thousands of square meters designated for employment and commercial use, over an area of approximately 58 dunams, as well as an elementary school and kindergartens.
“We were excavating in relatively rocky and exposed terrain when suddenly we discovered a natural karstic cavity,” said Dr. Sivan Mizrahi and Zinovi Matskevich, excavation directors on behalf of the Israel Antiquities Authority. “To our amazement, as the excavation progressed, this cavity developed into a long tunnel. Parts of it are still collapsed, so the tunnel has not yet revealed all of its secrets.”
The entrance to the ancient complex from the surface was through a staircase descending to a hewn opening that led into the tunnel. The tunnel itself was discovered filled with layers of soil that had accumulated over hundreds, perhaps even thousands, of years.
One of the entrances to the underground complex uncovered in the Jerusalem excavations. Photo: Yoli Schwartz, Israel Antiquities Authority
Excavation at several points inside the tunnel showed that it reaches a height of up to 5 meters and a width of approximately 3 meters.“The quarrying was executed meticulously. It is clear that whoever carved this tunnel invested tremendous effort, careful planning, and possessed the capabilities and resources necessary to achieve this goal.”
Yet the purpose of the tunnel remains unclear.
The ancient tunnel uncovered in Jerusalem. Photo: Yoli Schwartz, Israel Antiquities AuthorityAt first, researchers proposed that this was an ancient water installation intended to reach a spring source. This assumption, however, was ruled out, first because the tunnel walls are not plastered and, second, following consultation with a geologist, because no underground water horizons are known in this area, and the tunnel contains no indication of water accumulation.
The possibility that this was some kind of underground agricultural or industrial installation was then examined, but the scale of the work and the absence of comparable sites in the vicinity made this explanation unlikely.
The ancient tunnel uncovered in Jerusalem. Photo: Yoli Schwartz, Israel Antiquities AuthorityThe researchers’ current assessment is therefore that the tunnel was intended to reach a chalk layer suitable for quarrying building stones or producing lime. Possible evidence supporting this interpretation includes a shaft carved into the tunnel’s ceiling, which may have been used for ventilation, as well as quarrying debris discovered on the tunnel floor – although this interpretation, too, remains uncertain.
Alternatively, the findings may indicate that the quarrying and construction of the tunnel were never completed, and therefore its intended purpose and nature remain unknown.
According to Dr. Mizrahi and Matskevich, “The date of the tunnel is also a mystery to us, since not even the smallest find was uncovered that could indicate when it was created. At the same time, the tunnel lies only a few hundred meters, as the crow flies, from two significant ancient sites – a public building from the Iron Age (First Temple period) in the Arnona neighborhood, and Tel Ramat Rachel, where settlement remains dating from the Iron Age through the Islamic period have been documented.”
Shikma Sig, Jerusalem Region Planner at the Israel Lands Authority, said: “The Israel Lands Authority promoted the plan north of Ramat Rachel, which includes a residential quarter alongside a unique archaeological park that will be established for the benefit of residents. The neighborhood offers a rare combination of modern urban development and preservation of historical heritage, providing the future community with a green open space that makes the treasures of history accessible just beneath their homes. The Israel Lands Authority is proud to advance sustainable urban development for the benefit of Jerusalem residents and the citizens of Israel as a whole.”
Dr. Amit Re’em, Jerusalem District Archaeologist at the Israel Antiquities Authority, added: “We are celebrating Jerusalem Day this week. This discovery joins many others being uncovered every day, hour by hour, throughout the city. The archaeologists and researchers of the Israel Antiquities Authority are constantly at work, because this city never ceases to surprise. Usually we have explanations for the discoveries we uncover, but sometimes, as in this case, we stand astonished and amazed.”
According to Israeli Minister of Heritage Rabbi Amichai Eliyahu, “During Jerusalem Day week, this special discovery reminds us of the deep and ancient connection of the Jewish people to Jerusalem. Beneath the city’s soil, extraordinary enterprises of life, creativity and construction are revealed time and again, testifying to generations of people who lived and worked here and left their mark. Jerusalem is not only the present-day capital of the State of Israel – it is also the heart of the historical story of the Jewish people, which continues to be uncovered before our eyes.”
This impressive discovery is expected to be incorporated into an archaeological park for the benefit of the public and the future residents of the neighborhood being planned by the Israel Lands Authority.
Source: IAA
#archaeology #archeologia #Israel #Jerusalem #notizie #scavi #scaviArcheologici #scoperte -
A mysterious and impressive ancient tunnel discovered in an archaeological excavation in Jerusalem
A mysterious and impressive ancient tunnel, hewn through the rock over a length of approximately 50 meters, was unexpectedly discovered near Kibbutz Ramat Rachel in Jerusalem. The extraordinary discovery was uncovered during archaeological excavations conducted by the Israel Antiquities Authority prior to the construction of a new neighborhood, funded and initiated by the Israel Lands Authority. The neighborhood plan, being advanced by the Israel Lands Authority north of Ramat Rachel, includes 488 housing units, thousands of square meters designated for employment and commercial use, over an area of approximately 58 dunams, as well as an elementary school and kindergartens.
“We were excavating in relatively rocky and exposed terrain when suddenly we discovered a natural karstic cavity,” said Dr. Sivan Mizrahi and Zinovi Matskevich, excavation directors on behalf of the Israel Antiquities Authority. “To our amazement, as the excavation progressed, this cavity developed into a long tunnel. Parts of it are still collapsed, so the tunnel has not yet revealed all of its secrets.”
The entrance to the ancient complex from the surface was through a staircase descending to a hewn opening that led into the tunnel. The tunnel itself was discovered filled with layers of soil that had accumulated over hundreds, perhaps even thousands, of years.
One of the entrances to the underground complex uncovered in the Jerusalem excavations. Photo: Yoli Schwartz, Israel Antiquities Authority
Excavation at several points inside the tunnel showed that it reaches a height of up to 5 meters and a width of approximately 3 meters.“The quarrying was executed meticulously. It is clear that whoever carved this tunnel invested tremendous effort, careful planning, and possessed the capabilities and resources necessary to achieve this goal.”
Yet the purpose of the tunnel remains unclear.
The ancient tunnel uncovered in Jerusalem. Photo: Yoli Schwartz, Israel Antiquities AuthorityAt first, researchers proposed that this was an ancient water installation intended to reach a spring source. This assumption, however, was ruled out, first because the tunnel walls are not plastered and, second, following consultation with a geologist, because no underground water horizons are known in this area, and the tunnel contains no indication of water accumulation.
The possibility that this was some kind of underground agricultural or industrial installation was then examined, but the scale of the work and the absence of comparable sites in the vicinity made this explanation unlikely.
The ancient tunnel uncovered in Jerusalem. Photo: Yoli Schwartz, Israel Antiquities AuthorityThe researchers’ current assessment is therefore that the tunnel was intended to reach a chalk layer suitable for quarrying building stones or producing lime. Possible evidence supporting this interpretation includes a shaft carved into the tunnel’s ceiling, which may have been used for ventilation, as well as quarrying debris discovered on the tunnel floor – although this interpretation, too, remains uncertain.
Alternatively, the findings may indicate that the quarrying and construction of the tunnel were never completed, and therefore its intended purpose and nature remain unknown.
According to Dr. Mizrahi and Matskevich, “The date of the tunnel is also a mystery to us, since not even the smallest find was uncovered that could indicate when it was created. At the same time, the tunnel lies only a few hundred meters, as the crow flies, from two significant ancient sites – a public building from the Iron Age (First Temple period) in the Arnona neighborhood, and Tel Ramat Rachel, where settlement remains dating from the Iron Age through the Islamic period have been documented.”
Shikma Sig, Jerusalem Region Planner at the Israel Lands Authority, said: “The Israel Lands Authority promoted the plan north of Ramat Rachel, which includes a residential quarter alongside a unique archaeological park that will be established for the benefit of residents. The neighborhood offers a rare combination of modern urban development and preservation of historical heritage, providing the future community with a green open space that makes the treasures of history accessible just beneath their homes. The Israel Lands Authority is proud to advance sustainable urban development for the benefit of Jerusalem residents and the citizens of Israel as a whole.”
Dr. Amit Re’em, Jerusalem District Archaeologist at the Israel Antiquities Authority, added: “We are celebrating Jerusalem Day this week. This discovery joins many others being uncovered every day, hour by hour, throughout the city. The archaeologists and researchers of the Israel Antiquities Authority are constantly at work, because this city never ceases to surprise. Usually we have explanations for the discoveries we uncover, but sometimes, as in this case, we stand astonished and amazed.”
According to Israeli Minister of Heritage Rabbi Amichai Eliyahu, “During Jerusalem Day week, this special discovery reminds us of the deep and ancient connection of the Jewish people to Jerusalem. Beneath the city’s soil, extraordinary enterprises of life, creativity and construction are revealed time and again, testifying to generations of people who lived and worked here and left their mark. Jerusalem is not only the present-day capital of the State of Israel – it is also the heart of the historical story of the Jewish people, which continues to be uncovered before our eyes.”
This impressive discovery is expected to be incorporated into an archaeological park for the benefit of the public and the future residents of the neighborhood being planned by the Israel Lands Authority.
Source: IAA
#archaeology #archeologia #Israel #Jerusalem #notizie #scavi #scaviArcheologici #scoperte -
A mysterious and impressive ancient tunnel discovered in an archaeological excavation in Jerusalem
A mysterious and impressive ancient tunnel, hewn through the rock over a length of approximately 50 meters, was unexpectedly discovered near Kibbutz Ramat Rachel in Jerusalem. The extraordinary discovery was uncovered during archaeological excavations conducted by the Israel Antiquities Authority prior to the construction of a new neighborhood, funded and initiated by the Israel Lands Authority. The neighborhood plan, being advanced by the Israel Lands Authority north of Ramat Rachel, includes 488 housing units, thousands of square meters designated for employment and commercial use, over an area of approximately 58 dunams, as well as an elementary school and kindergartens.
“We were excavating in relatively rocky and exposed terrain when suddenly we discovered a natural karstic cavity,” said Dr. Sivan Mizrahi and Zinovi Matskevich, excavation directors on behalf of the Israel Antiquities Authority. “To our amazement, as the excavation progressed, this cavity developed into a long tunnel. Parts of it are still collapsed, so the tunnel has not yet revealed all of its secrets.”
The entrance to the ancient complex from the surface was through a staircase descending to a hewn opening that led into the tunnel. The tunnel itself was discovered filled with layers of soil that had accumulated over hundreds, perhaps even thousands, of years.
One of the entrances to the underground complex uncovered in the Jerusalem excavations. Photo: Yoli Schwartz, Israel Antiquities Authority
Excavation at several points inside the tunnel showed that it reaches a height of up to 5 meters and a width of approximately 3 meters.“The quarrying was executed meticulously. It is clear that whoever carved this tunnel invested tremendous effort, careful planning, and possessed the capabilities and resources necessary to achieve this goal.”
Yet the purpose of the tunnel remains unclear.
The ancient tunnel uncovered in Jerusalem. Photo: Yoli Schwartz, Israel Antiquities AuthorityAt first, researchers proposed that this was an ancient water installation intended to reach a spring source. This assumption, however, was ruled out, first because the tunnel walls are not plastered and, second, following consultation with a geologist, because no underground water horizons are known in this area, and the tunnel contains no indication of water accumulation.
The possibility that this was some kind of underground agricultural or industrial installation was then examined, but the scale of the work and the absence of comparable sites in the vicinity made this explanation unlikely.
The ancient tunnel uncovered in Jerusalem. Photo: Yoli Schwartz, Israel Antiquities AuthorityThe researchers’ current assessment is therefore that the tunnel was intended to reach a chalk layer suitable for quarrying building stones or producing lime. Possible evidence supporting this interpretation includes a shaft carved into the tunnel’s ceiling, which may have been used for ventilation, as well as quarrying debris discovered on the tunnel floor – although this interpretation, too, remains uncertain.
Alternatively, the findings may indicate that the quarrying and construction of the tunnel were never completed, and therefore its intended purpose and nature remain unknown.
According to Dr. Mizrahi and Matskevich, “The date of the tunnel is also a mystery to us, since not even the smallest find was uncovered that could indicate when it was created. At the same time, the tunnel lies only a few hundred meters, as the crow flies, from two significant ancient sites – a public building from the Iron Age (First Temple period) in the Arnona neighborhood, and Tel Ramat Rachel, where settlement remains dating from the Iron Age through the Islamic period have been documented.”
Shikma Sig, Jerusalem Region Planner at the Israel Lands Authority, said: “The Israel Lands Authority promoted the plan north of Ramat Rachel, which includes a residential quarter alongside a unique archaeological park that will be established for the benefit of residents. The neighborhood offers a rare combination of modern urban development and preservation of historical heritage, providing the future community with a green open space that makes the treasures of history accessible just beneath their homes. The Israel Lands Authority is proud to advance sustainable urban development for the benefit of Jerusalem residents and the citizens of Israel as a whole.”
Dr. Amit Re’em, Jerusalem District Archaeologist at the Israel Antiquities Authority, added: “We are celebrating Jerusalem Day this week. This discovery joins many others being uncovered every day, hour by hour, throughout the city. The archaeologists and researchers of the Israel Antiquities Authority are constantly at work, because this city never ceases to surprise. Usually we have explanations for the discoveries we uncover, but sometimes, as in this case, we stand astonished and amazed.”
According to Israeli Minister of Heritage Rabbi Amichai Eliyahu, “During Jerusalem Day week, this special discovery reminds us of the deep and ancient connection of the Jewish people to Jerusalem. Beneath the city’s soil, extraordinary enterprises of life, creativity and construction are revealed time and again, testifying to generations of people who lived and worked here and left their mark. Jerusalem is not only the present-day capital of the State of Israel – it is also the heart of the historical story of the Jewish people, which continues to be uncovered before our eyes.”
This impressive discovery is expected to be incorporated into an archaeological park for the benefit of the public and the future residents of the neighborhood being planned by the Israel Lands Authority.
Source: IAA
#archaeology #archeologia #Israel #Jerusalem #notizie #scavi #scaviArcheologici #scoperte -
A mysterious and impressive ancient tunnel discovered in an archaeological excavation in Jerusalem
A mysterious and impressive ancient tunnel, hewn through the rock over a length of approximately 50 meters, was unexpectedly discovered near Kibbutz Ramat Rachel in Jerusalem. The extraordinary discovery was uncovered during archaeological excavations conducted by the Israel Antiquities Authority prior to the construction of a new neighborhood, funded and initiated by the Israel Lands Authority. The neighborhood plan, being advanced by the Israel Lands Authority north of Ramat Rachel, includes 488 housing units, thousands of square meters designated for employment and commercial use, over an area of approximately 58 dunams, as well as an elementary school and kindergartens.
“We were excavating in relatively rocky and exposed terrain when suddenly we discovered a natural karstic cavity,” said Dr. Sivan Mizrahi and Zinovi Matskevich, excavation directors on behalf of the Israel Antiquities Authority. “To our amazement, as the excavation progressed, this cavity developed into a long tunnel. Parts of it are still collapsed, so the tunnel has not yet revealed all of its secrets.”
The entrance to the ancient complex from the surface was through a staircase descending to a hewn opening that led into the tunnel. The tunnel itself was discovered filled with layers of soil that had accumulated over hundreds, perhaps even thousands, of years.
One of the entrances to the underground complex uncovered in the Jerusalem excavations. Photo: Yoli Schwartz, Israel Antiquities Authority
Excavation at several points inside the tunnel showed that it reaches a height of up to 5 meters and a width of approximately 3 meters.“The quarrying was executed meticulously. It is clear that whoever carved this tunnel invested tremendous effort, careful planning, and possessed the capabilities and resources necessary to achieve this goal.”
Yet the purpose of the tunnel remains unclear.
The ancient tunnel uncovered in Jerusalem. Photo: Yoli Schwartz, Israel Antiquities AuthorityAt first, researchers proposed that this was an ancient water installation intended to reach a spring source. This assumption, however, was ruled out, first because the tunnel walls are not plastered and, second, following consultation with a geologist, because no underground water horizons are known in this area, and the tunnel contains no indication of water accumulation.
The possibility that this was some kind of underground agricultural or industrial installation was then examined, but the scale of the work and the absence of comparable sites in the vicinity made this explanation unlikely.
The ancient tunnel uncovered in Jerusalem. Photo: Yoli Schwartz, Israel Antiquities AuthorityThe researchers’ current assessment is therefore that the tunnel was intended to reach a chalk layer suitable for quarrying building stones or producing lime. Possible evidence supporting this interpretation includes a shaft carved into the tunnel’s ceiling, which may have been used for ventilation, as well as quarrying debris discovered on the tunnel floor – although this interpretation, too, remains uncertain.
Alternatively, the findings may indicate that the quarrying and construction of the tunnel were never completed, and therefore its intended purpose and nature remain unknown.
According to Dr. Mizrahi and Matskevich, “The date of the tunnel is also a mystery to us, since not even the smallest find was uncovered that could indicate when it was created. At the same time, the tunnel lies only a few hundred meters, as the crow flies, from two significant ancient sites – a public building from the Iron Age (First Temple period) in the Arnona neighborhood, and Tel Ramat Rachel, where settlement remains dating from the Iron Age through the Islamic period have been documented.”
Shikma Sig, Jerusalem Region Planner at the Israel Lands Authority, said: “The Israel Lands Authority promoted the plan north of Ramat Rachel, which includes a residential quarter alongside a unique archaeological park that will be established for the benefit of residents. The neighborhood offers a rare combination of modern urban development and preservation of historical heritage, providing the future community with a green open space that makes the treasures of history accessible just beneath their homes. The Israel Lands Authority is proud to advance sustainable urban development for the benefit of Jerusalem residents and the citizens of Israel as a whole.”
Dr. Amit Re’em, Jerusalem District Archaeologist at the Israel Antiquities Authority, added: “We are celebrating Jerusalem Day this week. This discovery joins many others being uncovered every day, hour by hour, throughout the city. The archaeologists and researchers of the Israel Antiquities Authority are constantly at work, because this city never ceases to surprise. Usually we have explanations for the discoveries we uncover, but sometimes, as in this case, we stand astonished and amazed.”
According to Israeli Minister of Heritage Rabbi Amichai Eliyahu, “During Jerusalem Day week, this special discovery reminds us of the deep and ancient connection of the Jewish people to Jerusalem. Beneath the city’s soil, extraordinary enterprises of life, creativity and construction are revealed time and again, testifying to generations of people who lived and worked here and left their mark. Jerusalem is not only the present-day capital of the State of Israel – it is also the heart of the historical story of the Jewish people, which continues to be uncovered before our eyes.”
This impressive discovery is expected to be incorporated into an archaeological park for the benefit of the public and the future residents of the neighborhood being planned by the Israel Lands Authority.
Source: IAA
#archaeology #archeologia #Israel #Jerusalem #notizie #scavi #scaviArcheologici #scoperte -
Fedivisatos supratimas: kaip ActivityPub keičia socialinius tinklus
Pastaraisiais metais, diskutuojant apie alternatyvius socialinius tinklus, vis dažniau girdimas naujas terminas – Fedivisata (angl. Fediverse). Bet kas tai yra iš tikrųjų? Kaip veikia jos pagrindinis protokolas ActivityPub ir kokios platformos jai priklauso?
Kas yra Fedivisata?
Žodis „Fedivisata“ yra sudarytas iš dviejų žodžių: federacija ir visata. Tai nepriklausomų serverių (vadinamų instancijomis) tinklas, kuriame serveriai gali susikalbėti tarpusavyje.
Priešingai nei tradiciniai socialiniai tinklai, tokie kaip „Facebook“ ar „X“ (Twitter), kurie yra kontroliuojami centralizuotai, Fedivisata yra decentralizuota:- Kiekvienas gali paleisti savo serverį.
- Kiekviena instancija turi savo taisykles ir moderavimo politiką.
- Vartotojai gali bendrauti tarpusavyje, net jei jų paskyros yra skirtinguose serveriuose.Rezultatas – atvira ekosistema, o ne viena uždara platforma.
Šerdis: kaip veikia ActivityPub
ActivityPub yra atviras standartas (sukurtas W3C), kuris apibrėžia, kaip Fedivisatos serveriai bendrauja tarpusavyje. Iš esmės ActivityPub remiasi dviem pagrindinėmis sąvokomis:
1. Aktorius (Actors)
Kiekvienas vartotojas, grupė ar net botas yra laikomas „aktoriumi“.
Pavyzdys: @[email protected]2. Veiksmai (Activities)
Viskas, kas vyksta tinkle, aprašoma kaip veiksmas:
- Įrašo kūrimas → Create
- Sekimas → Follow
- Turinio mėgimas → Like
- Dalinimasis turiniu → Announce
Paprastas pavyzdys
Įsivaizduokite, kad esate Serveryje A ir pradedate sekti ką nors Serveryje B:
- Jūs paspaudžiate „Sekti“.
- Serveris A nusiunčia „Follow“ užklausą Serveriui B.
- Serveris B patvirtina užklausą.
- Nauji įrašai automatiškai pristatomi į Serverį A.Visa tai vyksta naudojant HTTP ir JSON – panašiai kaip šiuolaikinės žiniatinklio API.
„Inbox“ ir „Outbox“ modelis
ActivityPub naudoja aiškią komunikacijos struktūrą:
- Outbox (Išsiųstieji): Čia vartotojas siunčia savo veiksmus.
- Inbox (Gautieji): Čia vartotojas gauna veiksmus iš kitų.Kiekvienas serveris valdo šias „dėžutes“ ir paskirsto turinį kitiems serveriams.
ActivityPub privalumai
- Decentralizacija: Nėra vieno kontrolės taško.
- Suderinamumas: Skirtingos platformos gali veikti išvien.
- Vartotojo autonomija: Jūs patys renkatės savo serverį (ir jo taisykles).
- Atsparumas: Nėra vieno „išjungimo mygtuko“ – tinklas veikia, kol veikia bent vienas serveris.
Populiarios Fedivisatos platformos
Fedivisata nėra viena platforma, tai daugybė susijungusių tinklų:
- 🐘 Mastodon – mikrotinklaraščiai (panašu į „Twitter“ / „X“). Žinomiausia dalis.
- 📷 Pixelfed – orientuota į vaizdus („Instagram“ alternatyva).
- 🎥 PeerTube – decentralizuotas video turinis („YouTube“ alternatyva).
- ✍️ WriteFreely – tinklaraščių platforma.
- 💬 Lemmy – nuorodų agregatorius (panašu į „Reddit“).
- 🎵 Funkwhale – muzikos srautinis siuntimas.
Kodėl Fedivisata svarbi dabar?
Daugybė vartotojų ieško alternatyvų didžiosioms platformoms dėl:
- Privatumo problemų.
- Algoritminės kontrolės (kai ne tu, o mašina sprendžia, ką matysi).
- Turinio komercializacijos (reklamų pertekliaus).Fedivisata siūlo kitokį požiūrį: atvirą, bendruomenės valdomą ir nepriklausomą erdvę.
Iššūkiai
Nepaisant potencialo, Fedivisata turi ir iššūkių:
- Naujiems vartotojams reikia laiko perprasti veikimo principus.
- Skirtingi moderavimo standartai įvairiose instancijose.
- Kartais fragmentuota vartotojo patirtis.
Išvada
Fedivisata yra daugiau nei tik alternatyva esamiems tinklams – tai esminis pokytis mąstant apie internetinę komunikaciją. Naudodama ActivityPub protokolą kaip pamatą, ji įgalina atvirą tinklą, kuriame kontrolė ir įvairovė grįžta į vartotojų rankas.
Žymos:
#Fedivisata #Fediverse #ActivityPub #Decentralizacija #AtvirasWeb #SocialiniaiTinklai #Lietuva #SkaitmeninisSuverenitetas #OpenSource #Mastodon #Pixelfed #PeerTube #Lemmy #Privatumas #InternetoKultūra
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Fedivisatos supratimas: kaip ActivityPub keičia socialinius tinklus
Pastaraisiais metais, diskutuojant apie alternatyvius socialinius tinklus, vis dažniau girdimas naujas terminas – Fedivisata (angl. Fediverse). Bet kas tai yra iš tikrųjų? Kaip veikia jos pagrindinis protokolas ActivityPub ir kokios platformos jai priklauso?
Kas yra Fedivisata?
Žodis „Fedivisata“ yra sudarytas iš dviejų žodžių: federacija ir visata. Tai nepriklausomų serverių (vadinamų instancijomis) tinklas, kuriame serveriai gali susikalbėti tarpusavyje.
Priešingai nei tradiciniai socialiniai tinklai, tokie kaip „Facebook“ ar „X“ (Twitter), kurie yra kontroliuojami centralizuotai, Fedivisata yra decentralizuota:- Kiekvienas gali paleisti savo serverį.
- Kiekviena instancija turi savo taisykles ir moderavimo politiką.
- Vartotojai gali bendrauti tarpusavyje, net jei jų paskyros yra skirtinguose serveriuose.Rezultatas – atvira ekosistema, o ne viena uždara platforma.
Šerdis: kaip veikia ActivityPub
ActivityPub yra atviras standartas (sukurtas W3C), kuris apibrėžia, kaip Fedivisatos serveriai bendrauja tarpusavyje. Iš esmės ActivityPub remiasi dviem pagrindinėmis sąvokomis:
1. Aktorius (Actors)
Kiekvienas vartotojas, grupė ar net botas yra laikomas „aktoriumi“.
Pavyzdys: @[email protected]2. Veiksmai (Activities)
Viskas, kas vyksta tinkle, aprašoma kaip veiksmas:
- Įrašo kūrimas → Create
- Sekimas → Follow
- Turinio mėgimas → Like
- Dalinimasis turiniu → Announce
Paprastas pavyzdys
Įsivaizduokite, kad esate Serveryje A ir pradedate sekti ką nors Serveryje B:
- Jūs paspaudžiate „Sekti“.
- Serveris A nusiunčia „Follow“ užklausą Serveriui B.
- Serveris B patvirtina užklausą.
- Nauji įrašai automatiškai pristatomi į Serverį A.Visa tai vyksta naudojant HTTP ir JSON – panašiai kaip šiuolaikinės žiniatinklio API.
„Inbox“ ir „Outbox“ modelis
ActivityPub naudoja aiškią komunikacijos struktūrą:
- Outbox (Išsiųstieji): Čia vartotojas siunčia savo veiksmus.
- Inbox (Gautieji): Čia vartotojas gauna veiksmus iš kitų.Kiekvienas serveris valdo šias „dėžutes“ ir paskirsto turinį kitiems serveriams.
ActivityPub privalumai
- Decentralizacija: Nėra vieno kontrolės taško.
- Suderinamumas: Skirtingos platformos gali veikti išvien.
- Vartotojo autonomija: Jūs patys renkatės savo serverį (ir jo taisykles).
- Atsparumas: Nėra vieno „išjungimo mygtuko“ – tinklas veikia, kol veikia bent vienas serveris.
Populiarios Fedivisatos platformos
Fedivisata nėra viena platforma, tai daugybė susijungusių tinklų:
- 🐘 Mastodon – mikrotinklaraščiai (panašu į „Twitter“ / „X“). Žinomiausia dalis.
- 📷 Pixelfed – orientuota į vaizdus („Instagram“ alternatyva).
- 🎥 PeerTube – decentralizuotas video turinis („YouTube“ alternatyva).
- ✍️ WriteFreely – tinklaraščių platforma.
- 💬 Lemmy – nuorodų agregatorius (panašu į „Reddit“).
- 🎵 Funkwhale – muzikos srautinis siuntimas.
Kodėl Fedivisata svarbi dabar?
Daugybė vartotojų ieško alternatyvų didžiosioms platformoms dėl:
- Privatumo problemų.
- Algoritminės kontrolės (kai ne tu, o mašina sprendžia, ką matysi).
- Turinio komercializacijos (reklamų pertekliaus).Fedivisata siūlo kitokį požiūrį: atvirą, bendruomenės valdomą ir nepriklausomą erdvę.
Iššūkiai
Nepaisant potencialo, Fedivisata turi ir iššūkių:
- Naujiems vartotojams reikia laiko perprasti veikimo principus.
- Skirtingi moderavimo standartai įvairiose instancijose.
- Kartais fragmentuota vartotojo patirtis.
Išvada
Fedivisata yra daugiau nei tik alternatyva esamiems tinklams – tai esminis pokytis mąstant apie internetinę komunikaciją. Naudodama ActivityPub protokolą kaip pamatą, ji įgalina atvirą tinklą, kuriame kontrolė ir įvairovė grįžta į vartotojų rankas.
Žymos:
#Fedivisata #Fediverse #ActivityPub #Decentralizacija #AtvirasWeb #SocialiniaiTinklai #Lietuva #SkaitmeninisSuverenitetas #OpenSource #Mastodon #Pixelfed #PeerTube #Lemmy #Privatumas #InternetoKultūra
-
Fedivisatos supratimas: kaip ActivityPub keičia socialinius tinklus
Pastaraisiais metais, diskutuojant apie alternatyvius socialinius tinklus, vis dažniau girdimas naujas terminas – Fedivisata (angl. Fediverse). Bet kas tai yra iš tikrųjų? Kaip veikia jos pagrindinis protokolas ActivityPub ir kokios platformos jai priklauso?
Kas yra Fedivisata?
Žodis „Fedivisata“ yra sudarytas iš dviejų žodžių: federacija ir visata. Tai nepriklausomų serverių (vadinamų instancijomis) tinklas, kuriame serveriai gali susikalbėti tarpusavyje.
Priešingai nei tradiciniai socialiniai tinklai, tokie kaip „Facebook“ ar „X“ (Twitter), kurie yra kontroliuojami centralizuotai, Fedivisata yra decentralizuota:- Kiekvienas gali paleisti savo serverį.
- Kiekviena instancija turi savo taisykles ir moderavimo politiką.
- Vartotojai gali bendrauti tarpusavyje, net jei jų paskyros yra skirtinguose serveriuose.Rezultatas – atvira ekosistema, o ne viena uždara platforma.
Šerdis: kaip veikia ActivityPub
ActivityPub yra atviras standartas (sukurtas W3C), kuris apibrėžia, kaip Fedivisatos serveriai bendrauja tarpusavyje. Iš esmės ActivityPub remiasi dviem pagrindinėmis sąvokomis:
1. Aktorius (Actors)
Kiekvienas vartotojas, grupė ar net botas yra laikomas „aktoriumi“.
Pavyzdys: @[email protected]2. Veiksmai (Activities)
Viskas, kas vyksta tinkle, aprašoma kaip veiksmas:
- Įrašo kūrimas → Create
- Sekimas → Follow
- Turinio mėgimas → Like
- Dalinimasis turiniu → Announce
Paprastas pavyzdys
Įsivaizduokite, kad esate Serveryje A ir pradedate sekti ką nors Serveryje B:
- Jūs paspaudžiate „Sekti“.
- Serveris A nusiunčia „Follow“ užklausą Serveriui B.
- Serveris B patvirtina užklausą.
- Nauji įrašai automatiškai pristatomi į Serverį A.Visa tai vyksta naudojant HTTP ir JSON – panašiai kaip šiuolaikinės žiniatinklio API.
„Inbox“ ir „Outbox“ modelis
ActivityPub naudoja aiškią komunikacijos struktūrą:
- Outbox (Išsiųstieji): Čia vartotojas siunčia savo veiksmus.
- Inbox (Gautieji): Čia vartotojas gauna veiksmus iš kitų.Kiekvienas serveris valdo šias „dėžutes“ ir paskirsto turinį kitiems serveriams.
ActivityPub privalumai
- Decentralizacija: Nėra vieno kontrolės taško.
- Suderinamumas: Skirtingos platformos gali veikti išvien.
- Vartotojo autonomija: Jūs patys renkatės savo serverį (ir jo taisykles).
- Atsparumas: Nėra vieno „išjungimo mygtuko“ – tinklas veikia, kol veikia bent vienas serveris.
Populiarios Fedivisatos platformos
Fedivisata nėra viena platforma, tai daugybė susijungusių tinklų:
- 🐘 Mastodon – mikrotinklaraščiai (panašu į „Twitter“ / „X“). Žinomiausia dalis.
- 📷 Pixelfed – orientuota į vaizdus („Instagram“ alternatyva).
- 🎥 PeerTube – decentralizuotas video turinis („YouTube“ alternatyva).
- ✍️ WriteFreely – tinklaraščių platforma.
- 💬 Lemmy – nuorodų agregatorius (panašu į „Reddit“).
- 🎵 Funkwhale – muzikos srautinis siuntimas.
Kodėl Fedivisata svarbi dabar?
Daugybė vartotojų ieško alternatyvų didžiosioms platformoms dėl:
- Privatumo problemų.
- Algoritminės kontrolės (kai ne tu, o mašina sprendžia, ką matysi).
- Turinio komercializacijos (reklamų pertekliaus).Fedivisata siūlo kitokį požiūrį: atvirą, bendruomenės valdomą ir nepriklausomą erdvę.
Iššūkiai
Nepaisant potencialo, Fedivisata turi ir iššūkių:
- Naujiems vartotojams reikia laiko perprasti veikimo principus.
- Skirtingi moderavimo standartai įvairiose instancijose.
- Kartais fragmentuota vartotojo patirtis.
Išvada
Fedivisata yra daugiau nei tik alternatyva esamiems tinklams – tai esminis pokytis mąstant apie internetinę komunikaciją. Naudodama ActivityPub protokolą kaip pamatą, ji įgalina atvirą tinklą, kuriame kontrolė ir įvairovė grįžta į vartotojų rankas.
Žymos:
#Fedivisata #Fediverse #ActivityPub #Decentralizacija #AtvirasWeb #SocialiniaiTinklai #Lietuva #SkaitmeninisSuverenitetas #OpenSource #Mastodon #Pixelfed #PeerTube #Lemmy #Privatumas #InternetoKultūra
-
Fedivisatos supratimas: kaip ActivityPub keičia socialinius tinklus
Pastaraisiais metais, diskutuojant apie alternatyvius socialinius tinklus, vis dažniau girdimas naujas terminas – Fedivisata (angl. Fediverse). Bet kas tai yra iš tikrųjų? Kaip veikia jos pagrindinis protokolas ActivityPub ir kokios platformos jai priklauso?
Kas yra Fedivisata?
Žodis „Fedivisata“ yra sudarytas iš dviejų žodžių: federacija ir visata. Tai nepriklausomų serverių (vadinamų instancijomis) tinklas, kuriame serveriai gali susikalbėti tarpusavyje.
Priešingai nei tradiciniai socialiniai tinklai, tokie kaip „Facebook“ ar „X“ (Twitter), kurie yra kontroliuojami centralizuotai, Fedivisata yra decentralizuota:- Kiekvienas gali paleisti savo serverį.
- Kiekviena instancija turi savo taisykles ir moderavimo politiką.
- Vartotojai gali bendrauti tarpusavyje, net jei jų paskyros yra skirtinguose serveriuose.Rezultatas – atvira ekosistema, o ne viena uždara platforma.
Šerdis: kaip veikia ActivityPub
ActivityPub yra atviras standartas (sukurtas W3C), kuris apibrėžia, kaip Fedivisatos serveriai bendrauja tarpusavyje. Iš esmės ActivityPub remiasi dviem pagrindinėmis sąvokomis:
1. Aktorius (Actors)
Kiekvienas vartotojas, grupė ar net botas yra laikomas „aktoriumi“.
Pavyzdys: @[email protected]2. Veiksmai (Activities)
Viskas, kas vyksta tinkle, aprašoma kaip veiksmas:
- Įrašo kūrimas → Create
- Sekimas → Follow
- Turinio mėgimas → Like
- Dalinimasis turiniu → Announce
Paprastas pavyzdys
Įsivaizduokite, kad esate Serveryje A ir pradedate sekti ką nors Serveryje B:
- Jūs paspaudžiate „Sekti“.
- Serveris A nusiunčia „Follow“ užklausą Serveriui B.
- Serveris B patvirtina užklausą.
- Nauji įrašai automatiškai pristatomi į Serverį A.Visa tai vyksta naudojant HTTP ir JSON – panašiai kaip šiuolaikinės žiniatinklio API.
„Inbox“ ir „Outbox“ modelis
ActivityPub naudoja aiškią komunikacijos struktūrą:
- Outbox (Išsiųstieji): Čia vartotojas siunčia savo veiksmus.
- Inbox (Gautieji): Čia vartotojas gauna veiksmus iš kitų.Kiekvienas serveris valdo šias „dėžutes“ ir paskirsto turinį kitiems serveriams.
ActivityPub privalumai
- Decentralizacija: Nėra vieno kontrolės taško.
- Suderinamumas: Skirtingos platformos gali veikti išvien.
- Vartotojo autonomija: Jūs patys renkatės savo serverį (ir jo taisykles).
- Atsparumas: Nėra vieno „išjungimo mygtuko“ – tinklas veikia, kol veikia bent vienas serveris.
Populiarios Fedivisatos platformos
Fedivisata nėra viena platforma, tai daugybė susijungusių tinklų:
- 🐘 Mastodon – mikrotinklaraščiai (panašu į „Twitter“ / „X“). Žinomiausia dalis.
- 📷 Pixelfed – orientuota į vaizdus („Instagram“ alternatyva).
- 🎥 PeerTube – decentralizuotas video turinis („YouTube“ alternatyva).
- ✍️ WriteFreely – tinklaraščių platforma.
- 💬 Lemmy – nuorodų agregatorius (panašu į „Reddit“).
- 🎵 Funkwhale – muzikos srautinis siuntimas.
Kodėl Fedivisata svarbi dabar?
Daugybė vartotojų ieško alternatyvų didžiosioms platformoms dėl:
- Privatumo problemų.
- Algoritminės kontrolės (kai ne tu, o mašina sprendžia, ką matysi).
- Turinio komercializacijos (reklamų pertekliaus).Fedivisata siūlo kitokį požiūrį: atvirą, bendruomenės valdomą ir nepriklausomą erdvę.
Iššūkiai
Nepaisant potencialo, Fedivisata turi ir iššūkių:
- Naujiems vartotojams reikia laiko perprasti veikimo principus.
- Skirtingi moderavimo standartai įvairiose instancijose.
- Kartais fragmentuota vartotojo patirtis.
Išvada
Fedivisata yra daugiau nei tik alternatyva esamiems tinklams – tai esminis pokytis mąstant apie internetinę komunikaciją. Naudodama ActivityPub protokolą kaip pamatą, ji įgalina atvirą tinklą, kuriame kontrolė ir įvairovė grįžta į vartotojų rankas.
Žymos:
#Fedivisata #Fediverse #ActivityPub #Decentralizacija #AtvirasWeb #SocialiniaiTinklai #Lietuva #SkaitmeninisSuverenitetas #OpenSource #Mastodon #Pixelfed #PeerTube #Lemmy #Privatumas #InternetoKultūra
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А есть русское сообщество #фроненд разработчиков? Хотя бы англоязычное сообщество? Вот уж куда бы мне хотелось заглянуть.
@pepelsbey вы единственный на кого я подписан из этой тусовки, может поделитесь чем то?