#axons — Public Fediverse posts
Live and recent posts from across the Fediverse tagged #axons, aggregated by home.social.
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🧠 New pre-print by Wiesner et al. (2025) shows non-#synaptic #exocytosis directly from the #axon shaft, regulated by the submembrane periodic skeleton. Using #superresolution #imaging and live assays (#HiLo (VAMP2-pHluorin), #SIM, and correlative two-color #SMLM/ #STORM) they reveal that #axons can release vesicles outside classical #synapses, expanding how we understand #neuronal communication and #AxonalSignaling.
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@SciMag @news-from-science-SciMag
A major criticism is that the technique of high-pressure freezing only handles very small volumes at most 200 micrometers thick, and therefore, the tissue being from a mouse brain, a significant amount of injury to neuronal arbours was caused to generate such small samples.
Three kinds of samples were used:
(1) Cell culture neurons, which have their own problems and can't be considered authoritative on neuronal morphology.
(2) Hippocampal slices, which do recover from sectioning when in the right culture medium but only to some extent. Most neurons exist as fragments in the slice. Artifacts in morphologies are expected.
(3) Acutely extracted brain bits can't be immediately frozen; even a second is enough for neurons to fire and osmolarity to shape neuronal morphologies away from the natural state.In summary: while surely neurons in their natural state don't look like those in textbooks, since all sample preparations suffer from artifacts, I am not convinced that this study resolves the issue. Try to freeze a small animal – like it's been done for C. elegans. Do these peculiar axon morphologies exist in the HFP'ed worm?
The authors themselves admit that:
"treatments that disrupt these parameters like hyper- or hypo-tonic solutions, cholesterol removal, and non-muscle myosin II inhibition all alter the degree of axon pearling" – and all of these come into play during sample preparation.Preprint: https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.20.549958v1.full
As published: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41593-024-01813-1
I wish the reviews were published. Andreas Prokop, a neuroscientist working on microtubules in neurons, was involved, which is reassuring.
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"We show that migrating #neurons in mice possess a growth cone at the tip of their leading process, similar to that of #axons, in terms of the #cytoskeletal dynamics and functional responsivity through protein tyrosine #phosphatase receptor type sigma (PTPσ). Migrating-neuron growth cones respond to chondroitin sulfate (CS) through PTPσ and collapse, which leads to inhibition of #neuronal migration."
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Wiring map reveals how larval fruit fly brain converts sensory signals to movement
https://www.spectrumnews.org/news/wiring-map-reveals-how-larval-fruit-fly-brain-converts-sensory-signals-to-movement/
#neuralcircuits #animalmodels #brainmapping #connectivity #Drosophila #dendrites #circuits #learning #synapses #autism #axons #News -
Protein networks identified in autism-linked genetic deletion
https://www.spectrumnews.org/news/protein-networks-identified-in-autism-linked-genetic-deletion/
#mousemodels #15q11-13 #autism #axons #News -
Multi-omics study captures CNTNAP2’s far-ranging effects
https://www.spectrumnews.org/news/multi-omics-study-captures-cntnap2s-far-ranging-effects/
#single-cellsequencing #excitatorysignaling #neurotransmitters #prefrontalcortex #synapticvesicles #geneexpression #animalmodels #genenetworks #interneurons #mitochondria #mousemodels #glialcells #treatments #diagnosis #organoids #CNTNAP2 #autism #axons #News