#acousticphonetics — Public Fediverse posts

𝗔𝘂𝗱𝗶𝗼 𝗘𝘁𝘆𝗺𝗼𝗹𝗼𝗴𝗶𝗲𝘀 𝗼𝗳 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗗𝗮𝘆, 𝗶𝗹𝗹𝘂𝘀𝘁𝗿𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝗵𝗼𝘄 𝗣𝗲𝗿𝘀𝗶𝗮𝗻 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗘𝗻𝗴𝗹𝗶𝘀𝗵 𝗮𝗿𝗲 𝗿𝗲𝗹𝗮𝘁𝗲𝗱 𝗹𝗮𝗻𝗴𝘂𝗮𝗴𝗲𝘀

English "cow" comes from Proto-Indo-European *gʷeh₃-u-s [gwous], perhaps something like this (listen):
🔊 https://www.ancientsounds.net/eastern-origins/cow-from-PIE-gwous.wav

which also developed into Dari گاو [gau] and Persian گاو [gov]:

🔊 https://www.ancientsounds.net/eastern-origins/PIE-gwous-to-Persian-gov.wav

and very many other Indo-European languages, such as Ancient Greek βοῦς [bous]:

🔊 https://www.ancientsounds.net/eastern-origins/PIE-gwous-to-Ancient-Greek-bous.wav

Image source: https://faradeed.ir/%D8%A8%D8%AE%D8%B4-%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%88-35/186305-%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%AF%D8%A6%D9%88-%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C-%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C-%D8%A2%D8%B0%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%86-%DA%86%DA%AF%D9%88%D9%86%D9%87-%D8%B4%DB%8C%D8%B1-%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%88-%D8%B1%D8%A7-%D9%BE%D8%B3-%D8%A7%D8%B2-%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B4%DB%8C%D8%AF%D9%86-%D8%A8%D9%87-%D9%BE%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%B1-%D8%AA%D8%A8%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%84-%D9%85%DB%8C-%DA%A9%D9%86%D9%86%D8%AF

@linguistics #linguistics #etymology #EnglishLanguage #AcousticPhonetics #phonetics #ProtoIndoEuropean #Iranian #Persian #Dari #AncientGreek

𝗔𝘂𝗱𝗶𝗼 𝗘𝘁𝘆𝗺𝗼𝗹𝗼𝗴𝗶𝗲𝘀 𝗼𝗳 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗗𝗮𝘆, 𝗶𝗹𝗹𝘂𝘀𝘁𝗿𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝗵𝗼𝘄 𝗣𝗲𝗿𝘀𝗶𝗮𝗻 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗘𝗻𝗴𝗹𝗶𝘀𝗵 𝗮𝗿𝗲 𝗿𝗲𝗹𝗮𝘁𝗲𝗱 𝗹𝗮𝗻𝗴𝘂𝗮𝗴𝗲𝘀

English "cow" comes from Proto-Indo-European *gʷeh₃-u-s [gwous], perhaps something like this (listen):
🔊 https://www.ancientsounds.net/eastern-origins/cow-from-PIE-gwous.wav

which also developed into Dari گاو [gau] and Persian گاو [gov]:

🔊 https://www.ancientsounds.net/eastern-origins/PIE-gwous-to-Persian-gov.wav

and very many other Indo-European languages, such as Ancient Greek βοῦς [bous]:

🔊 https://www.ancientsounds.net/eastern-origins/PIE-gwous-to-Ancient-Greek-bous.wav

Image source: https://faradeed.ir/%D8%A8%D8%AE%D8%B4-%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%88-35/186305-%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%AF%D8%A6%D9%88-%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C-%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C-%D8%A2%D8%B0%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%86-%DA%86%DA%AF%D9%88%D9%86%D9%87-%D8%B4%DB%8C%D8%B1-%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%88-%D8%B1%D8%A7-%D9%BE%D8%B3-%D8%A7%D8%B2-%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B4%DB%8C%D8%AF%D9%86-%D8%A8%D9%87-%D9%BE%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%B1-%D8%AA%D8%A8%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%84-%D9%85%DB%8C-%DA%A9%D9%86%D9%86%D8%AF

@linguistics #linguistics #etymology #EnglishLanguage #AcousticPhonetics #phonetics #ProtoIndoEuropean #Iranian #Persian #Dari #AncientGreek

𝗔𝘂𝗱𝗶𝗼 𝗘𝘁𝘆𝗺𝗼𝗹𝗼𝗴𝗶𝗲𝘀 𝗼𝗳 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗗𝗮𝘆, 𝗶𝗹𝗹𝘂𝘀𝘁𝗿𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝗵𝗼𝘄 𝗣𝗲𝗿𝘀𝗶𝗮𝗻 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗘𝗻𝗴𝗹𝗶𝘀𝗵 𝗮𝗿𝗲 𝗿𝗲𝗹𝗮𝘁𝗲𝗱 𝗹𝗮𝗻𝗴𝘂𝗮𝗴𝗲𝘀

English "cow" comes from Proto-Indo-European *gʷeh₃-u-s [gwous], perhaps something like this (listen):
🔊 https://www.ancientsounds.net/eastern-origins/cow-from-PIE-gwous.wav

which also developed into Dari گاو [gau] and Persian گاو [gov]:

🔊 https://www.ancientsounds.net/eastern-origins/PIE-gwous-to-Persian-gov.wav

and very many other Indo-European languages, such as Ancient Greek βοῦς [bous]:

🔊 https://www.ancientsounds.net/eastern-origins/PIE-gwous-to-Ancient-Greek-bous.wav

Image source: https://faradeed.ir/%D8%A8%D8%AE%D8%B4-%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%88-35/186305-%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%AF%D8%A6%D9%88-%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C-%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C-%D8%A2%D8%B0%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%86-%DA%86%DA%AF%D9%88%D9%86%D9%87-%D8%B4%DB%8C%D8%B1-%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%88-%D8%B1%D8%A7-%D9%BE%D8%B3-%D8%A7%D8%B2-%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B4%DB%8C%D8%AF%D9%86-%D8%A8%D9%87-%D9%BE%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%B1-%D8%AA%D8%A8%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%84-%D9%85%DB%8C-%DA%A9%D9%86%D9%86%D8%AF

@linguistics #linguistics #etymology #EnglishLanguage #AcousticPhonetics #phonetics #ProtoIndoEuropean #Iranian #Persian #Dari #AncientGreek

𝗔𝘂𝗱𝗶𝗼 𝗘𝘁𝘆𝗺𝗼𝗹𝗼𝗴𝗶𝗲𝘀 𝗼𝗳 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗗𝗮𝘆, 𝗶𝗹𝗹𝘂𝘀𝘁𝗿𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝗵𝗼𝘄 𝗣𝗲𝗿𝘀𝗶𝗮𝗻 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗘𝗻𝗴𝗹𝗶𝘀𝗵 𝗮𝗿𝗲 𝗿𝗲𝗹𝗮𝘁𝗲𝗱 𝗹𝗮𝗻𝗴𝘂𝗮𝗴𝗲𝘀

English "cow" comes from Proto-Indo-European *gʷeh₃-u-s [gwous], perhaps something like this (listen):
🔊 https://www.ancientsounds.net/eastern-origins/cow-from-PIE-gwous.wav

which also developed into Dari گاو [gau] and Persian گاو [gov]:

🔊 https://www.ancientsounds.net/eastern-origins/PIE-gwous-to-Persian-gov.wav

and very many other Indo-European languages, such as Ancient Greek βοῦς [bous]:

🔊 https://www.ancientsounds.net/eastern-origins/PIE-gwous-to-Ancient-Greek-bous.wav

Image source: https://faradeed.ir/%D8%A8%D8%AE%D8%B4-%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%88-35/186305-%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%AF%D8%A6%D9%88-%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C-%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C-%D8%A2%D8%B0%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%86-%DA%86%DA%AF%D9%88%D9%86%D9%87-%D8%B4%DB%8C%D8%B1-%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%88-%D8%B1%D8%A7-%D9%BE%D8%B3-%D8%A7%D8%B2-%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B4%DB%8C%D8%AF%D9%86-%D8%A8%D9%87-%D9%BE%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%B1-%D8%AA%D8%A8%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%84-%D9%85%DB%8C-%DA%A9%D9%86%D9%86%D8%AF

@linguistics #linguistics #etymology #EnglishLanguage #AcousticPhonetics #phonetics #ProtoIndoEuropean #Iranian #Persian #Dari #AncientGreek

𝗔𝘂𝗱𝗶𝗼 𝗘𝘁𝘆𝗺𝗼𝗹𝗼𝗴𝗶𝗲𝘀 𝗼𝗳 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗗𝗮𝘆, 𝗶𝗹𝗹𝘂𝘀𝘁𝗿𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝗵𝗼𝘄 𝗣𝗲𝗿𝘀𝗶𝗮𝗻 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗘𝗻𝗴𝗹𝗶𝘀𝗵 𝗮𝗿𝗲 𝗿𝗲𝗹𝗮𝘁𝗲𝗱 𝗹𝗮𝗻𝗴𝘂𝗮𝗴𝗲𝘀

English "cow" comes from Proto-Indo-European *gʷeh₃-u-s [gwous], perhaps something like this (listen):
🔊 https://www.ancientsounds.net/eastern-origins/cow-from-PIE-gwous.wav

which also developed into Dari گاو [gau] and Persian گاو [gov]:

🔊 https://www.ancientsounds.net/eastern-origins/PIE-gwous-to-Persian-gov.wav

and very many other Indo-European languages, such as Ancient Greek βοῦς [bous]:

🔊 https://www.ancientsounds.net/eastern-origins/PIE-gwous-to-Ancient-Greek-bous.wav

Image source: https://faradeed.ir/%D8%A8%D8%AE%D8%B4-%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%88-35/186305-%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%AF%D8%A6%D9%88-%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C-%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C-%D8%A2%D8%B0%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%86-%DA%86%DA%AF%D9%88%D9%86%D9%87-%D8%B4%DB%8C%D8%B1-%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%88-%D8%B1%D8%A7-%D9%BE%D8%B3-%D8%A7%D8%B2-%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B4%DB%8C%D8%AF%D9%86-%D8%A8%D9%87-%D9%BE%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%B1-%D8%AA%D8%A8%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%84-%D9%85%DB%8C-%DA%A9%D9%86%D9%86%D8%AF

@linguistics #linguistics #etymology #EnglishLanguage #AcousticPhonetics #phonetics #ProtoIndoEuropean #Iranian #Persian #Dari #AncientGreek

𝗔𝘂𝗱𝗶𝗼 𝗘𝘁𝘆𝗺𝗼𝗹𝗼𝗴𝗶𝗲𝘀 𝗼𝗳 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗗𝗮𝘆, 𝗶𝗹𝗹𝘂𝘀𝘁𝗿𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝗵𝗼𝘄 𝗣𝗲𝗿𝘀𝗶𝗮𝗻 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗘𝗻𝗴𝗹𝗶𝘀𝗵 𝗮𝗿𝗲 𝗿𝗲𝗹𝗮𝘁𝗲𝗱 𝗹𝗮𝗻𝗴𝘂𝗮𝗴𝗲𝘀

English "choose" comes from Proto-Indo-European *ǵéus-, perhaps something like this (listen):
🔊 https://www.ancientsounds.net/eastern-origins/choose-from-PIE-geus.wav

You can't choose your relatives, but you can choose your friends. The same root *ǵéus- developed into Persian دوست duust "friend", i.e. (originally) one who is chosen:
🔊 https://www.ancientsounds.net/eastern-origins/PIE-geus-to-Persian-duust.wav

Image source: https://www.faramedia.co/%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%86-%D8%AA%D8%B5%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D8%B2-%D9%81%D8%B5%D9%84-%DA%86%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%85-my-brilliant-friend-%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA-%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%BA/

@linguistics #linguistics #etymology #EnglishLanguage #AcousticPhonetics #phonetics #ProtoIndoEuropean #Iranian #Persian

𝗔𝘂𝗱𝗶𝗼 𝗘𝘁𝘆𝗺𝗼𝗹𝗼𝗴𝗶𝗲𝘀 𝗼𝗳 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗗𝗮𝘆, 𝗶𝗹𝗹𝘂𝘀𝘁𝗿𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝗵𝗼𝘄 𝗣𝗲𝗿𝘀𝗶𝗮𝗻 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗘𝗻𝗴𝗹𝗶𝘀𝗵 𝗮𝗿𝗲 𝗿𝗲𝗹𝗮𝘁𝗲𝗱 𝗹𝗮𝗻𝗴𝘂𝗮𝗴𝗲𝘀

Here's a classic of Proto-Indo-European reconstruction. The English word "brother" descends from Proto-Indo-European *bʰréh₂tēr, perhaps something like this (listen):
🔊 https://www.ancientsounds.net/eastern-origins/brother-from-PIE-bhrater.wav

*bʰréh₂tēr also developed into Old Persian 𐎲𐎼𐎠𐎫𐎠 (b-r-a-t-a) and then Modern Persian برادر barodar:
🔊 https://www.ancientsounds.net/eastern-origins/PIE-bhrater-to-Persian-barodar.wav
and related forms in most other Indo-European languages.

Image source: Persian Wikipedia, https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/برادر

@linguistics #linguistics #etymology #EnglishLanguage #AcousticPhonetics #phonetics #ProtoIndoEuropean #Iranian #Persian

𝗔𝘂𝗱𝗶𝗼 𝗘𝘁𝘆𝗺𝗼𝗹𝗼𝗴𝗶𝗲𝘀 𝗼𝗳 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗗𝗮𝘆, 𝗶𝗹𝗹𝘂𝘀𝘁𝗿𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝗵𝗼𝘄 𝗣𝗲𝗿𝘀𝗶𝗮𝗻 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗘𝗻𝗴𝗹𝗶𝘀𝗵 𝗮𝗿𝗲 𝗿𝗲𝗹𝗮𝘁𝗲𝗱 𝗹𝗮𝗻𝗴𝘂𝗮𝗴𝗲𝘀

English "bough" comes from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeh₂ǵʰu- (pronounced [bʱa:g̟ʲʱu]), something like this (listen):

🔊 https://www.ancientsounds.net/eastern-origins/bough-from-PIE-bheh2gh.wav

The same stem developed into Persian بازو bazu, maybe like this:

🔊 https://www.ancientsounds.net/eastern-origins/PIE-bheh2gh-to-Persian-bazu.wav

A bough is an "arm" of a tree, and the Persian word بازو bazu means "arm".

(Image from the website of an Iranian fitness centre, https://morabihamrah.com/)

@linguistics #linguistics #etymology #EnglishLanguage #AcousticPhonetics #phonetics #ProtoIndoEuropean #Iranian #Persian

𝗔𝘂𝗱𝗶𝗼 𝗘𝘁𝘆𝗺𝗼𝗹𝗼𝗴𝗶𝗲𝘀 𝗼𝗳 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗗𝗮𝘆, 𝗶𝗹𝗹𝘂𝘀𝘁𝗿𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝗵𝗼𝘄 𝗣𝗲𝗿𝘀𝗶𝗮𝗻 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗘𝗻𝗴𝗹𝗶𝘀𝗵 𝗮𝗿𝗲 𝗿𝗲𝗹𝗮𝘁𝗲𝗱 𝗹𝗮𝗻𝗴𝘂𝗮𝗴𝗲𝘀

English "bellows" and "belly" come via Anglo-Saxon beliġ and Proto-Germanic *balgi- from Proto-Indo-European *bʰólǵʰ- "bag", perhaps something like this (listen):

🔊 https://www.ancientsounds.net/eastern-origins/bellows-from-PIE-bholgh.wav

This simulation of *bʰólǵʰ- has initial [b], not [bʱ], as it's computed from recordings of Irish bolg, "bag", also a cognate.

The same PIE root developed into Persian بالش bālish "pillow", like this:

🔊 https://www.ancientsounds.net/eastern-origins/PIE-bholgh-to-Persian-balesh.wav

Related words are found in other Iranian languages, e.g. Pashto بالښت balacht, Ossetian baʒ/baz, as well as in Slavic, e.g. Slovenian blazina.

When I originally posted about this in November 2021, the linguist Magnus Pharao @magnuspharao.bsky.social pointed out that Danish bælg (seed pod of legumes and bellows) is also a cognate!

@linguistics #linguistics #etymology #EnglishLanguage #AcousticPhonetics #phonetics #ProtoIndoEuropean #Iranian #Persian

𝗔𝘂𝗱𝗶𝗼 𝗘𝘁𝘆𝗺𝗼𝗹𝗼𝗴𝗶𝗲𝘀 𝗼𝗳 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗗𝗮𝘆, 𝗶𝗹𝗹𝘂𝘀𝘁𝗿𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝗵𝗼𝘄 𝗣𝗲𝗿𝘀𝗶𝗮𝗻 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗘𝗻𝗴𝗹𝗶𝘀𝗵 𝗮𝗿𝗲 𝗿𝗲𝗹𝗮𝘁𝗲𝗱 𝗹𝗮𝗻𝗴𝘂𝗮𝗴𝗲𝘀

The English word “barrow”, i.e. a burial mound, comes via Proto-Germanic *berga from a Proto-Indo-European ancestor *bʰerǵʰ-os, meaning “height” and by extension “hill, mountain”.

🔊 https://www.ancientsounds.net/eastern-origins/barrow-from-PIE-bherghos.wav

The same Proto-Indo-European root *bʰerǵʰ- also developed into Persian برج borj “tower”:

🔊 https://www.ancientsounds.net/eastern-origins/PIE-bhergh-to-Persian-borj.wav

The Arabic word برج burj “tower”, as in the name of the Burj Khalifa tower, is not a Semitic word but is a loan-word from Persian.

Kurdish برج berdz (Kurmani birc), Balochi برز ئه borza “height”, and English “borough” (originally referring to a town with raised fortifications), are also descended from *bʰerǵʰ-.

@linguistics #linguistics #etymology #EnglishLanguage #AcousticPhonetics #phonetics #ProtoIndoEuropean #Iranian #Persian #Arabic #Kurdish #Balochi

𝗔𝘂𝗱𝗶𝗼 𝗘𝘁𝘆𝗺𝗼𝗹𝗼𝗴𝗶𝗲𝘀 𝗼𝗳 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗗𝗮𝘆, 𝗶𝗹𝗹𝘂𝘀𝘁𝗿𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝗵𝗼𝘄 𝗣𝗲𝗿𝘀𝗶𝗮𝗻 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗘𝗻𝗴𝗹𝗶𝘀𝗵 𝗮𝗿𝗲 𝗿𝗲𝗹𝗮𝘁𝗲𝗱 𝗹𝗮𝗻𝗴𝘂𝗮𝗴𝗲𝘀

The word "khaki" is a loan from Urdu خاکی‎ xākī, a loan from Persian, from خاک xâk "earth", from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eh₂s [ħaχs], something like this (listen):

🔊 https://www.ancientsounds.net/eastern-origins/khaki-from-PIE-h2eh2s.wav

English "ash" (the grey-coloured burnt substance) also descends from *h₂eh₂s:

🔊 https://www.ancientsounds.net/eastern-origins/ash-from-PIE-h2eh2s.wav

In most Indo-European languages, *h₂ usually developed into [a], but in Iranian it's sometimes [x]. If you want a more detailed but much more technical explanation of the Proto-Indo-European "laryngeals" and how they were possibly or probably pronounced, try this: https://www.ancientsounds.net/laryngeals.html

(The image used below is from an Iranian wood industry supplier's site, venonwood.biz, which currently seems to be still working in spite of the general internet blackout in Iran right now.)

@linguistics #linguistics #etymology #englishlanguage #acousticphonetics #phonetics #ProtoIndoEuropean #Iranian #Persian #Urdu

𝗔𝘂𝗱𝗶𝗼 𝗘𝘁𝘆𝗺𝗼𝗹𝗼𝗴𝗶𝗲𝘀 𝗼𝗳 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗗𝗮𝘆, 𝗶𝗹𝗹𝘂𝘀𝘁𝗿𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝗵𝗼𝘄 𝗣𝗲𝗿𝘀𝗶𝗮𝗻 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗘𝗻𝗴𝗹𝗶𝘀𝗵 𝗮𝗿𝗲 𝗿𝗲𝗹𝗮𝘁𝗲𝗱 𝗹𝗮𝗻𝗴𝘂𝗮𝗴𝗲𝘀

The English word "ankle" comes from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eng-ul- [aŋgʊl], the stem *h₂eng- meaning perhaps "joint". Listen:

🔊 https://www.ancientsounds.net/eastern-origins/ankle-from-PIE-h2eng.wav

In Persian *h₂eng- developed into انگشت angusht, "digit" i.e. finger or toe:

🔊 https://www.ancientsounds.net/eastern-origins/PIE-h2eng-to-Persian-angusht.wav

@linguistics #linguistics #etymology #englishlanguage #acousticphonetics #phonetics #ProtoIndoEuropean #Iranian #Persian

Audio Etymologies of the Day, illustrating how Persian and English are related languages

The Persian word for border, marz ( مرز ), comes from Proto-Indo-European *morǵ-eh₂, something like this:
🔊 https://www.ancientsounds.net/eastern-origins/PIE-morgeh2-to-Persian-marz.wav

The somewhat archaic English word march, meaning "frontier region", comes from same root *morǵ-eh₂:
🔊 https://www.ancientsounds.net/eastern-origins/march-from-PIE-morgeh2.wav

This sense of "march" survives in the phrase "the Welsh Marches", the name of the Anglo-Saxon kingdom of Mercia, George Eliot's title "Middlemarch", and Tolkien's imagined "Red Book of Westmarch".

@linguistics #linguistics #etymology #englishlanguage #acousticphonetics #phonetics #ProtoIndoEuropean #Iranian #Persian

Audio Etymologies of the Day

As posted before, “one” comes from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ói-nos [oinos], like this:

🔊 https://ancientsounds.net/eastern-origins/one-from-PIE-h1oinos.wav

The variant form *h₁ói-wos "one" developed into Ossetian иу [ju]:

🔈https://www.ancientsounds.net/eastern-origins/PIE-h1oiwos-to-Ossetian-yu.wav

Pashto یو yau:
🔊 https://www.ancientsounds.net/eastern-origins/PIE-h1oiwos-to-Pashto-yau.wav

and Ancient Greek οἶος hoios “only”:
🔊 https://www.ancientsounds.net/eastern-origins/PIE-h1oiwos-to-AncientGreek-hoios.wav

@linguistics #linguistics #etymology #englishlanguage #acousticphonetics #phonetics #ProtoIndoEuropean #Ossetian #Pashto #AncientGreek

Audio Etymologies of the Day

“Weave” and “web” come from Proto-Indo-European *h₁webʰ, like this (listen):
🔈http://www.ancientsounds.net/eastern-origins/weave-from-PIE-h1webh.wav
🔈http://www.ancientsounds.net/eastern-origins/web-from-PIE-h1webh.wav

*h₁webʰ also developed into Pashto اوبدل obdal "knit, crochet, weave":
🔈http://www.ancientsounds.net/eastern-origins/PIE-h1webh-to-Pashto-obdal.wav

Balochi گْوَپت gwap:
🔈http://www.ancientsounds.net/eastern-origins/PIE-h1webh-to-Balochi-gwap.wav

and Persian بافتن baaftan:
🔈http://www.ancientsounds.net/eastern-origins/PIE-h1webh-to-Persian-baaftan.wav

Pic: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2BVb2zAZo-E

#linguistics #etymology #englishlanguage #acousticphonetics #phonetics #ProtoIndoEuropean #Pashto #Balochi #Persian

Audio Etymologies of the Day

“Wasp” comes (via Anglo-Saxon waps) from Proto-Indo-European *h₁wobʰ-seh₂, a form of *h₁webʰ-, “weave”. Ignoring the -seh₂ suffix, like this (listen):
🔈http://www.ancientsounds.net/eastern-origins/wasp-from-PIE-wobh.wav

*h₁webʰ- also developed into Balochi گْوَپت gwap “weave”:
🔈http://www.ancientsounds.net/eastern-origins/PIE-h1webh-to-Balochi-gwap.wav

#linguistics #etymology #englishlanguage #acousticphonetics #phonetics #ProtoIndoEuropean #Balochi

Audio Etymologies of the Day

“Spring” comes from Proto-Indo-European *spré-n-gʰ-e-, like this (listen):
🔈http://www.ancientsounds.net/eastern-origins/spring-from-PIE-sprenghe.wav

It has many meanings. The variant form *sprgʰ- developed into Sanskrit स्फूर्ज sphurja “be eager, strive after, desire”:
🔈http://www.ancientsounds.net/eastern-origins/PIE-sprgh-to-Sanskrit-sphuurja.wav

Pashto sprəž “blossom”:
🔈http://www.ancientsounds.net/eastern-origins/PIE-sprgh-to-Pashto-spraZ.wav

and Polish sprężyna “a (coil) spring”:
🔈http://www.ancientsounds.net/eastern-origins/PIE-sprgh-to-Polish-sprEZyna.wav

#linguistics #etymology #englishlanguage #acousticphonetics #phonetics #ProtoIndoEuropean #Pashto #Polish

Audio Etymologies of the Day

“Six” comes from Proto-Indo-European *sweḱs, like this (listen):
🔈http://www.ancientsounds.net/eastern-origins/six-from-PIE-sweks.wav

*sweḱs is from earlier *ḱsweḱs; a surviving outcome of the initial *ḱ is heard in #Ossetian æхсæз akhshazh:
🔈http://www.ancientsounds.net/eastern-origins/PIE-ksweks-to-Iron-axSaZ.wav

*(ḱ)sweḱs also developed into #Pashto شپږ shpag:
🔈http://www.ancientsounds.net/eastern-origins/PIE-ksweks-to-Pashto-shpag.wav

and #Persian شش shesh:
🔈http://www.ancientsounds.net/eastern-origins/PIE-sweks-to-Persian-shesh-shish.wav

@linguistics #linguistics #etymology #englishlanguage #acousticphonetics #phonetics #ProtoIndoEuropean #Iranian

Audio Etymologies of the Day

“Seven” comes from Proto-Indo-European *septm, like this (listen):
🔈http://www.ancientsounds.net/eastern-origins/seven-from-PIE-septm.wav

*septm also developed into Latvian septiņi:
🔈http://www.ancientsounds.net/eastern-origins/PIE-septm-to-Latvian-septini.wav

Sanskrit सप्तन् saptan:
🔈http://www.ancientsounds.net/eastern-origins/PIE-septm-to-Sanskrit-saptan.wav

Pashtoهفته hapta “week”:
🔈http://www.ancientsounds.net/eastern-origins/PIE-septm-to-Pashto-hapta.wav

and Persian هفت haft:
🔈http://www.ancientsounds.net/eastern-origins/PIE-septm-to-Persian-haft.wav

@linguistics #linguistics #etymology #englishlanguage #acousticphonetics #phonetics #ProtoIndoEuropean #Latvian #Sanskrit #Pashto #Persian

Audio Etymologies of the Day

“Up” comes from Proto-Indo-European *h₁upo, like this (listen):
🔈http://www.ancientsounds.net/eastern-origins/up-from-PIE-h1upo.wav

... from earlier *supo:
🔈http://www.ancientsounds.net/eastern-origins/PIE-h1upo-from-PIE-supo.wav

*supo also developed into the #Latin comparative super "over":
🔈http://www.ancientsounds.net/eastern-origins/PIE-supo-to-Latin-super.wav

*h₁upo developed into #Sanskrit उप upa:
🔈http://www.ancientsounds.net/eastern-origins/PIE-h1upo-to-Sanskrit-upa.wav

*h₁uper developed into #Balochi اور‎ awur:
🔈http://www.ancientsounds.net/eastern-origins/PIE-h1uper-to-Balochi-awur.wav

@linguistics #linguistics #etymology #englishlanguage #acousticphonetics #phonetics #ProtoIndoEuropean

Audio Etymologies of the Day

“Nest” comes from Proto-Indo-European *ni-sd-o [nizdo] (a form of *sed- “sit”), like this (listen):
🔈http://www.ancientsounds.net/eastern-origins/nest-from-PIE-nizdo.wav

*ni-sd-o also led to Pashto ناست nast “seated, sitting”:
🔈http://www.ancientsounds.net/eastern-origins/PIE-nizdo-to-Pashto-nast.wav

Sanskrit नीड niida “nest”:
🔈http://www.ancientsounds.net/eastern-origins/PIE-nizdo-to-Sanskrit-niiDa.wav

and Bosnian, Croatian and Serbian gnijezdo “nest”:
🔈http://www.ancientsounds.net/eastern-origins/PIE-nizdo-to-BCS-gnijezdo.wav

@linguistics #linguistics #etymology #englishlanguage #acousticphonetics #phonetics #ProtoIndoEuropean #Pashto #Bosnian

Audio Etymologies of the Month

“Month” comes, via Anglo-Saxon mōnaþ, from Proto-Indo-European *méh₁-not [me:not], like this (listen):
🔈http://www.ancientsounds.net/eastern-origins/month-from-PIE-meh1not.wav

It is related to *méh₁-nos [me:nos], #moon, which led to Latin mensis:
🔈http://www.ancientsounds.net/eastern-origins/PIE-meh1nos-to-Latin-mensis.wav

The stem *méh₁- "measure" also developed into Persian, Balochi and Urdu ماه mah:
🔈http://www.ancientsounds.net/eastern-origins/PIE-meh1nos-to-Persian-mah.wav

@linguistics #linguistics #etymology #englishlanguage #acousticphonetics #phonetics #ProtoIndoEuropean #Persian #Balochi #Urdu #Latin

Audio Etymologies of the Day

“Two” comes (via Anglo-Saxon twa) from Proto-Indo-European *dwóh₁- [dwoh]:
🔈http://www.ancientsounds.net/eastern-origins/two-from-PIE-dwoh1.wav

*dwóh₁- led to Pashto دوه duwa:
🔈http://www.ancientsounds.net/eastern-origins/PIE-dwoh1-to-Pashto-duwa.wav

Balochi (and Urdu) دو doo:
🔈http://www.ancientsounds.net/eastern-origins/PIE-dwoh1-to-Balochi-doo.wav

and Romani dui:
http://www.ancientsounds.net/eastern-origins/PIE-dwoh1-to-Romani-dui.wav

More examples at http://www.phon.ox.ac.uk/jcoleman/ancient-sounds-database.html

@linguistics #linguistics #etymology #englishlanguage #acousticphonetics #phonetics #ProtoIndoEuropean #Pashto #Balochi #Urdu #Romani

Audio Etymology of the Day

“Tree” comes from Proto-Indo-European *drew [drəʊ], like this (listen):
🔈http://www.ancientsounds.net/eastern-origins/tree-from-PIE-drew.wav

“True” also comes from *drew, perhaps relating to swearing by trees?
🔈http://www.ancientsounds.net/eastern-origins/true-from-PIE-drew.wav
As in “druid” (Proto-Celtic *druwits, “oak-knower”).

*drew is a variant of *doru:
🔈http://www.ancientsounds.net/eastern-origins/PIE-drew-to-PIE-doru.wav

that led to #Balochi دار daar “wood”:
🔈http://www.ancientsounds.net/eastern-origins/PIE-doru-to-Balochi-daar.wav

@linguistics #linguistics #etymology #englishlanguage #acousticphonetics #phonetics #ProtoIndoEuropean

Audio Etymology of the Day

“Tongue” comes from Proto-Indo-European *dnǵweh₂ [dn̩gwɐħ], like this (listen):
🔈http://www.ancientsounds.net/eastern-origins/tongue-from-PIE-dngweh2.wav

*dnǵweh₂ also developed into #Pashto ژبه‎ zhaba (also meaning "language"):
🔈http://www.ancientsounds.net/eastern-origins/PIE-dngweh2-to-Pashto-Zaba.wav

#Sanskrit जिह्वा jihvaa:
🔈http://www.ancientsounds.net/eastern-origins/PIE-dngweh2-to-Sanskrit-jihvaa.wav

#Romani chib:
🔈http://www.ancientsounds.net/eastern-origins/PIE-dngweh2-to-Romani-chib.wav

#Latin lingua (Old Latin dingua):
🔈http://www.ancientsounds.net/eastern-origins/PIE-dngweh2-to-Latin-lingua.wav

@linguistics #linguistics #etymology #englishlanguage #acousticphonetics #phonetics #ProtoIndoEuropean

Audio Etymologies of the Day

“Three” comes from Proto-Indo-European *trei-, like this (listen):
🔈http://www.ancientsounds.net/eastern-origins/three-from-PIE-trei.wav

The masculine nominative form *trei-es developed into #Sanskrit त्रयस् trayas:
🔈http://www.ancientsounds.net/eastern-origins/PIE-treies-to-Sanskrit-trayas.wav
and #Latin tres.

*trei- developed into #Sindhi ٽي te:
🔈http://www.ancientsounds.net/eastern-origins/PIE-trei-to-Sindhi-te.wav

#Balochi سے se:

🔈http://www.ancientsounds.net/eastern-origins/PIE-trei-to-Balochi-se.wav

and #Romani trin:
🔈http://www.ancientsounds.net/eastern-origins/PIE-trei-to-Romani-trin.wav

@linguistics #linguistics #etymology #englishlanguage #acousticphonetics #phonetics #ProtoIndoEuropean

Audio Etymologies of the Day

“Thou”, now rather restricted in its use, comes from Proto-Indo-European *tuh₂ [tuɐ], like this (listen):
🔈http://www.ancientsounds.net/eastern-origins/thou-from-PIE-tua.wav

*tuh₂ [tuɐ] developed into Persian تو tu:
🔈http://www.ancientsounds.net/eastern-origins/PIE-tua-to-Persian-tu.wav

Balochi تئو tau:
🔈http://www.ancientsounds.net/eastern-origins/PIE-tua-to-Balochi-tau.wav

Ossetian ды du ~ de:
🔈http://www.ancientsounds.net/eastern-origins/PIE-tua-to-Iron-dE.wav

German du and French tu are also from this root.

@linguistics #linguistics #etymology #englishlanguage #acousticphonetics #phonetics #ProtoIndoEuropean #Persian #Balochi #Ossetian

*h₁ói-kos also developed into [ek] in many Indian languages, e.g. Assamese এক ek:
🔈http://www.ancientsounds.net/eastern-origins/PIE-h1oikos-to-Assamese-ek.wav

*h₁ói-wos [hoiwos] lies behind Pashto یو yau:
🔈http://www.ancientsounds.net/eastern-origins/PIE-h1oiwos-to-Pashto-yau.wav

and Ancient Greek οἶος hoios “only”:
🔈http://www.ancientsounds.net/eastern-origins/PIE-h1oiwos-to-AncientGreek-hoios.wav

More at http://www.ancientsounds.net/#one

2/2

@linguistics #linguistics #etymology #englishlanguage #acousticphonetics #phonetics #ProtoIndoEuropean #Assamese #Greek

Audio Etymologies of the Day

“Thistle” comes from Proto-Indo-European *teig, represented here by its almost unchanged Balochi reflex تێگ teg “sharp, razor”, like this (listen):

🔈http://www.ancientsounds.net/eastern-origins/thistle-from-PIE-teig.wav

*teig developed into Persian (and Urdu) تیز tiiz:
🔈http://www.ancientsounds.net/eastern-origins/PIE-teig-to-Persian-tiz.wav

@linguistics #linguistics #etymology #englishlanguage #acousticphonetics #phonetics #ProtoIndoEuropean #Persian #Balochi #wildflowers

Audio Etymologies of the Day

“Barrow” (a mound) comes from Proto-Indo-European *bʰerǵʰ-os (listen):
🔈http://www.ancientsounds.net/eastern-origins/barrow-from-PIE-bherghos.wav

*bʰerǵʰ- also developed into Persian برج borj “tower”
🔈https://www.ancientsounds.net/eastern-origins/PIE-bhergh-to-Persian-borj.wav

Kurdish برج berdz (Kurmani birc), Balochi برز ئه borza “height”, English "borough", and Arabic برج burj “tower” are also from *bʰerǵʰ-

More at https://www.ancientsounds.net/#barrow

#linguistics
#etymology
#englishlanguage
#acousticphonetics
#phonetics
#ProtoIndoEuropean
#Persian #Arabic #Balochi

Audio Etymologies of the Day

“Thirst” comes from Proto-Indo-European *tr̥s-tu like this (listen):
🔈http://www.ancientsounds.net/eastern-origins/thirst-from-PIE-trst.wav
(I've omitted the final [u])

The related form *tr̥s-no- developed into Persian تشنگی teshne:
🔈http://www.ancientsounds.net/eastern-origins/PIE-trsno-to-Persian-teshne.wav

and Balochi تُنَّگ tunnag “frog, thirsty one”:
🔈http://www.ancientsounds.net/eastern-origins/PIE-trsno-to-Balochi-tunnag.wav

The stem *ters- also underlies Latin terra, "(dry) land".

@linguistics #linguistics #etymology #englishlanguage #acousticphonetics #phonetics #ProtoIndoEuropean #Persian #Balochi

Audio Etymologies of the Day

“Thin” comes from Proto-Indo-European *tn̥h₂-u- [tn̩:u], like this (listen):
🔈http://www.ancientsounds.net/eastern-origins/thin-from-PIE-tnh2u.wav

*tn̥h₂-u + suffix kos also developed into #Persian تنک tunuk:
🔈http://www.ancientsounds.net/eastern-origins/PIE-tnh2u-to-Persian-tunuk.wav

and #Balochi tanak:
🔈http://www.ancientsounds.net/eastern-origins/PIE-tnh2u-to-Balochi-tanak.wav

Remarkably similarly, into #Bosnian tanak:
🔈http://www.ancientsounds.net/eastern-origins/PIE-tnh2u-to-BCMS-tanak.wav

and #Bulgarian тънък tuhnuhk:
🔈http://www.ancientsounds.net/eastern-origins/PIE-tnh2u-to-Bulgarian-tVnVk.wav

@linguistics #linguistics #etymology #englishlanguage #acousticphonetics #phonetics #ProtoIndoEuropean

Audio Etymologies of the Day

“Ten” comes from Proto-Indo-European *déḱm̩, like this (listen):
🔈http://www.ancientsounds.net/eastern-origins/ten-from-PIE-dekm.wav

*déḱm̩ also developed into Ossetian дæс das:
🔈http://www.ancientsounds.net/eastern-origins/PIE-dekm-to-Digor-das.wav

Pashto لس‎ las:
🔈http://www.ancientsounds.net/eastern-origins/PIE-dekm-to-Pashto-las.wav

The suffixed form *déḱm̩-t became Lithuanian dešimt:
🔈http://www.ancientsounds.net/eastern-origins/PIE-dekmt-to-Lithuanian-deSimt.wav

and Bosnian deset:
http://www.ancientsounds.net/eastern-origins/PIE-dekmt-to-BCS-deset.wav

@linguistics #linguistics #etymology #englishlanguage #acousticphonetics #phonetics #ProtoIndoEuropean #Ossetian #Pashto #Lithuanian #Bosnian

Audio Etymologies of the Day

“(To) tear” (the verb) comes from Proto-Indo-European *derH- “tear, flay, peel”, like this (listen):
🔈http://www.ancientsounds.net/eastern-origins/PIE-derH-to-Persian-daridan.wav

*derH- also developed into Persian دریدن daridan:
🔈http://www.ancientsounds.net/eastern-origins/PIE-derH-to-Persian-daridan.wav

Balochi دِر‎ dir:
🔈http://www.ancientsounds.net/eastern-origins/PIE-derH-to-Balochi-dir.wav

and Lithuanian dìrti:
🔈http://www.ancientsounds.net/eastern-origins/PIE-derH-to-Lithuanian-dirti.wav

@linguistics #linguistics #etymology #englishlanguage #acousticphonetics #phonetics #ProtoIndoEuropean #Persian #Balochi #Lithuanian

Audio Etymologies of the Day

“Swine” comes from Proto-Indo-European *suh₁-īno- [su:hi:no], like this (listen):
🔈https://www.ancientsounds.net/eastern-origins/swine-from-PIE-suHino.wav

*suh₁-īno- is derived from *suh₁- “pig” (cf. English “sow”). A derived form, *suh₁-kas, developed into Balochi ہوک‎ huuk:
🔈https://www.ancientsounds.net/eastern-origins/PIE-suHka-to-Balochi-huuk.wav

The Persian pronunciation is خوک‎ [χu:cç]:
🔈https://www.ancientsounds.net/eastern-origins/PIE-suHka-to-Persian-xuuC.wav

“Hog” is unrelated.

@linguistics #linguistics #etymology #englishlanguage #acousticphonetics #phonetics #ProtoIndoEuropean #Balochi #Persian

Audio Etymologies of the Day

"Sweet" comes from Proto-Indo-European *sweh₂d-u-s [swa:dus], like this (listen):
🔈http://www.ancientsounds.net/eastern-origins/sweet-from-PIE-sweh2dus.wav

*sweh₂d-u-s also developed into Sanskrit स्वादु swaadu:
🔈http://www.ancientsounds.net/eastern-origins/PIE-sweh2dus-to-Sanskrit-swadu.wav

Balochi واد waad “salt”:
🔈http://www.ancientsounds.net/eastern-origins/PIE-sweh2dus-to-Balochi-waad.wav

and Latin suavis ( → English suave):
🔈http://www.ancientsounds.net/eastern-origins/PIE-sweh2dus-to-Latin-suavis.wav

Also Bengali স্বাদ shaad “taste”

@linguistics #linguistics #etymology #englishlanguage #acousticphonetics #phonetics #ProtoIndoEuropean #Sanskrit #Balochi #Latin

Audio Etymologies of the Day

"Sweat" comes from Proto-Indo-European *swoid-, like this (listen):
🔈http://www.ancientsounds.net/eastern-origins/sweat-from-PIE-swoid.wav

*swoid- also developed into Sanskrit स्वेदते sveedate:
🔈http://www.ancientsounds.net/eastern-origins/PIE-swoid-to-Sanskrit-sveedate.wav

Balochi ہید‎ hed:
🔈http://www.ancientsounds.net/eastern-origins/PIE-swoid-to-Balochi-hed.wav

and Iron Ossetian хид khid:
🔈http://www.ancientsounds.net/eastern-origins/PIE-swoid-to-Iron-xid.wav

@linguistics #linguistics #etymology #englishlanguage #acousticphonetics #phonetics #ProtoIndoEuropean #Sanskrit #Balochi #Ossetian

I'm preparing another release of VoiceLab. Just need to compile on Windows.

Anyways the new release modifies Cepstral Peak Prominence to measure only voiced frames (with an option to turn this off for whatever reason), fixes for energy where it wouldn't work on compiled versions, and API updates for command line interface users.

#Praat #AcousticAnalysis #AcousticPhonetics

@psychology @linguistics