Tudorel Toader, după decizia UNAIC privind destituirea fiului său: „Sunt întrebări care vor trebui să primească răspunsuri”.
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One Wild Day at the Tour de France With Tudor Pro Cycling
“I think you probably need to be quite insane to do this”, I say to Fabian Cancellara, two-time…
#NewsBeep #News #Cycling #content-type:News #contentId:2860ce84-f2b4-4519-ad69-1a4788267aad #displayType:standardarticle #isSyndicated:false #locale:GB #shortTitle:InsidetheTourdeFrancewithTudorProCycling #sponsored:false #Sports #UK #UnitedKingdom
https://www.newsbeep.com/uk/826782/ -
#ComisiaDeEtică a Universității Ioan 👑#Cuza a hotărât destituirea din funcția didactică a fiului lui Tudorel Toader, acuzat de viol.
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The murder that defined a dynasty was never proven. The man it destroyed never got a trial.#RichardIII #TudorHistory #PrincesInTheTower #BritishHistory #HistoricalMyths #amazing
Posted into TRIVIA BIT STORIES @trivia-bit-stories-JanetteSpeyer
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Sesquicentennial at Leith Walk: the thread about Edinburgh’s oldest Board school
Preamble. The schools of the “School Board” era of public education (1872-1918) hold a particular fascination for me, one most profound where they have been “deconsecrated” and are either no longer in use as schools or have disappeared entirely. This thread began as a couple of lines for my own notes about the “Lost Board Schools of Edinburgh” but soon snowballed into an alphabetical deep-dive into each.
This post breaks the founding premise of the ongoing “Lost Board Schools of Edinburgh” series entirely by covering a school that isn’t lost! Edinburgh School Board’s Leith Walk Public School is very much alive and well, known these days as Leith Walk Primary. So why make such an exception? Well today happens to be its 150th anniversary. When a parent there mentioned this approaching significant milestone to me recently I couldn’t not take the chance to mark the occasion. They also reckoned it to be the oldest such school still in operation in the city (spoiler, it is!). For fans of lost schools who might feel let down, we will indeed discover a different lost school along the way if you read on…
https://www.flickr.com/photos/davids_leicas/52017306383/
As always, our story begins with the Education (Scotland) Act 1872, which made schooling compulsory in the country from the ages of 5 to 13 and organised it in the care of elected local School Boards. At its formation in 1873 the Edinburgh School Board (ESB) found there were almost twenty-two thousand pupils being taught in the city, in one hundred schools. The majority were run by churches and, unsurprisingly, the dominant Presbyterian denominations accounted for most; thirty-nine percent of schools and forty-three percent of all scholars. In the district between Pilrig Street and Greenside the populace was served by a small, two-room Free Church school at the top of James Street (now Spey Terrace) called simply Pilrig School.
These newly constituted bodies inherited a thoroughly inadequate building estate and planned a flurry of construction to rationalise, modernise and expand provision. The ESB surveyed its teachers to prioritise where its new schools should be built and identified seven sites: Bristo, Causewayside, the Water of Leith Village (what we might now call the Dean Village), North Canongate, Stockbridge, West Fountainbridge and Leith Walk. A one-and-a-quarter acre site for Leith Walk’s new school was acquired from the vast holding of the Heriot Trust for the cost of £3,230 17s 1d on what we now call Brunswick Road (except until 1885 it was an old, narrower lane called Lover’s Loan). This was undeveloped nursery land historically attached to Greenside House but it was not the first school here. In 1875 the Original Ragged Industrial School (better known in Edinburgh as simply Dr Guthrie’s, after it’s founder Rev Thomas Guthrie) opened immediately to the west of the Public School. More on that later!
Leith Walk Public School shown on 1876 and 1893 OS Town Plans, with the Original Ragged Industrial School to the top left. The 1876 plan shows the street is still called Lover’s Loan at this time (Anglicised by the OS as the incorrect “lane”) and includes the internal detail. This shows the large central schoolroom with smaller classrooms off of it, the stair towers and cloakrooms to the back. Toilets were behind the playsheds at the far end of the playground. Between these dates, the street was widened, along with West Montgomery Place, requiring the school boundary wall to be shifted slightly. The 1884 extension is also apparent. Move the slider to compare Reproduced with the permission of the National Library of ScotlandAn architectural competition was held by the Board, who divided up the work for its new schools between three successful applicants: the jobs for Bristo and Leith Walk being awarded to William Lambie Moffat of Moffat & Aitken. A Collegiate Gothic architectural style was specified, very much in favour at the time with School Boards. It was a sub-genre of the Gothic Revival movement and was inspired by the great educational establishments of Tudor England. With steeply pitched roofs, multiple gables, Gothic windows, cosmetic buttresses and elaborate ventilator cowls, The Builder journal described the design for Leith Walk as “a little suggestive of a convent“. A biographer of Robert Rowand Anderson – who had taken first place in the architectural competition – was less gracious, labelling it “mediocre” and exemplifying “poor command of Gothic“. It was a two-storey building arranged around a large central “schoolroom” on each floor. These held very large classes (upwards of 100), taught using a “monitorial system” with a teacher at the front aided by “pupil teachers” within the class body. The infant department (ages four to seven) was on the ground floor, its schoolroom 48 feet by 32, with smaller classrooms partitioned off it by sliding screens. There were further classrooms, staff offices and cloakrooms occupying the rest of the plan. The older children were taught on the first floor and their school room occupied the whole depth of the building, being 73 feet long by 32, with a height of 28 feet. On either side were classrooms, 30 feet by 20, for teaching of smaller classes. The rather monumental end towers contained the entrances at their base and the staircases, one each for girls and boys. That to the west also housed the bell, mounted externally beneath a decorative pediment.
William Lambie Moffat’s Leith Walk Board School, captioned originally as “Board School, Lover’s Loan”. For cost reasons, some of the ornamental features such as the ventilator caps and elaborate chimney detailing, had to be restrained. From Old and New Edinburgh by James Grant. Edinburgh and Scottish Collection, Edinburgh City LibrariesA report tabled at the School Board in July 1875 noted that the building operations were “rather slow“. In October progress had been upgraded to “pretty well” but by January the following year was only “satisfactory“. By June the stonemasons had finished work on the main school and moved on to the janitor’s house, allowing the internal fit-out by other trades to commence.
A view across the site of Leith Walk Public School in 1875 from the Calton Hill, just as construction was beginning. Its location is marked by the stacks of timber and the short crane that can be seen in the centre of the image, below the boundary wall of Lover’s Loan. In the foreground is the tower of Greenside Church, the large shed in the centre was Leith Walk goods station. Pilrig Church can be seen on Leith walk in the middle distance to the left, and the old market gardens and nurseries off Leith Walk to the right. Far off on the shoreline are the distinctive “cones” of Leith’s glassworks kilns. Archibald Burns photograph, Credit: National Galleries Scotland collectionLeith Walk Public School finally opened on November 6th 1876, having cost £11,432 13s 1d to construct (approximately £1.18 million in 2026). The ceremonials were led by Professor Henry Calderwood, chairman of the School Board. He was assisted by Flora Stevenson, also of the Board, and Bailie Tawse of the Town Council. The Chairman noted that the school could “conveniently accommodate 1,050 pupils, and still not be overcrowded“. The assertion would soon be proved to have been overly optimistic. Of the rest of that initial batch of new schools, the first opened in 1875 (Dean, on December 8th), another joined in 1876 (West Fountainbridge on July 3rd) and three followed in 1877 (Causewayside 9th January, Stockbridge on 12th January, Bristo on 27th September). North Canongate was delayed. As such, Leith Walk is the oldest surviving such school in Edinburgh that is still in active use. Prior to 2022 this honour had been carried by Newhaven’s Victoria School, which had been taken over and rebuilt by Leith School Board in 1874.
Edinburgh Evening News, 7th November 1876The theories of Miasma, the spread of disease by “bad air“, still prevailed at this time, as did a generally snobbery about the hygiene and smell of the working classes. As such much thought was given to ventilation and various passive and mechanical systems were experimented with. At Leith Walk the rooms were heated by open fireplaces, requiring multiple chimney stacks and only adding to the monastic appearance. These were not a particularly effective source but excelled at created a constant draught into the room, sucking in fresh air from gratings in the walls. The draught created in the chimney flues was further used to extract air from vents in the classroom ceilings, from where it was led to a steeple-like ventilator cupolas on the roof ridge. Also for reasons of hygiene (but not personal comfort) the toilets were far removed from the main building at the extreme end of the playground.
The school in the early 20th century, with the additional wing to the rear and extension up into the attic. Notice the simpler chimneys and ventilators than can be found on the engraving above. J. R. Prophet postcard image.Between the census of 1871 (as used by the Board to help plan its initial school construction requirements) and 1891 the child population of Edinburgh increased by 63%: from 47,177 thousand to 76,899. This was faster than new schools could be built, so existing ones had to be extended. By 1879 Leith Walk was badly overcrowded, the notional increase to a capacity of 1,015 pupils having been achieved by simply adding more desks. The average roll was actually 1,132 and so a new wing was added to the rear in 1885 by the Board’s architect Robert Wilson. This cost £4,000 and took capacity to 1,300. Further additions were made in 1894 – a workshop and two classrooms – taking capacity to 1,600 pupils, more than double the original intention. In 1902 it had been proposed to buy the adjacent Industrial School to allow for even further expansion. Such a deal could not be agreed however and instead a further extension was made in 1903-04 at a cost of £3,100. This added two additional classrooms for 120 pupils plus a cookery room in a third floor extension at the rear. At the same time the building was wired for electric lighting (an important priority for evening classes). The pressure on Leith Walk was finally not finally eased until 1905 when another large new school opened for the district at Albion Road.
Sketch plan of the school made to record the drains when the 1886 extension was added. Notice the toilets are at the rear of the site, separated from the main building. This was felt to be the most hygienic location for them. City of Edinburgh Council, DG2-102The school’s first headmaster was William Alexander, who had been trained as a pupil teacher in the old Free Church School in Greenlaw in Berwickshire and had been heading the old Pilrig School that Leith Walk replaced. In 1879 the HM Inspector, Mr Waddell, visited and found 1,011 children – 344 infants and 667 juveniles – being taught. He found standards “varied considerably” and was less than complimentary about the juvenile school.
Even the best classes hardly reached the highest level, and in others which include the greater part of the Second and Third Standards, the children were not only noisy, but sometimes deceitful.
The Inspector made allowances for certain limitations in the building’s design – the large central school rooms, in which it was intended to teach 300 children at once, was found to be difficult to use for anything other than written work by rote or exams. He also noted staffing difficulties, with two teachers having died suddenly: on 18th March Alfred Aiton died suddenly of Pthisis (pulmonary tuberculosis), he had not yet reached the age of 22. Despite these allowances, the Board were understandably unhappy and wrote to warn the headmaster that they were “dissatisfied with organisation and discipline… and [would] look for better results at the end of the year.” The inspector was much more pleased with the infant department however, with it being “in a very satisfactory state” and “the children were extremely orderly“. The standard of the teaching of needlework by Miss Janet D. McNeill and her assistants was also commended.
Ornamental Edinburgh School Board carving on the main pediment of Leith Walk public school – usually this is represented as a roundel but this earlier version is highly Gothic in style. The figure of a woman (sometimes said to be St Margaret of Scotland) dispenses education to a child, surrounded by teaching aids.Arrangement for distribution of work commended. Order and discipline good. Work excellent, well finished and clean. Teaching thoroughly efficient
After the rocky start, Alexander came to be highly thought of amongst parents and peers and was elected chair of the Edinburgh branch of the Educational Institute for Scotland in 1894. The school celebrated it’s twenty-five year anniversary in 1901, staff members past and present presenting the headmaster with “a massive silver bowl and a signet ring.” When he retired in 1905 his testimonial described him as “one of the landmarks” of the district. He was replaced by Donald Campbell, who was a fluent Gaelic speaker and who would also be elected to the local EIS chair.
Entry from the 1900 Edinburgh School Board handbook for Leith Walk. Note that at this time the diploma number and even salaries of teachers were published. The second page to the right lists the subjects offered as part of the Advanced Divisions, pupils above the age of 11. Scan from own collection.Beginning in 1893, Leith Walk was one of the first of the Board’s schools to take part in organised football. Their first reported match (the Evening News covered school football matches in some detail back then) was against Abbeyhill in Holyrood Park, a match then won 2-1. They would go on that year to win the inaugural Inspector’s Cup, thrashing St. Leonard’s by 6-0 in the final on May 1st. This cup has a strong claim on being the oldest established school football trophy in the country and one that is still contested for at primary school level to this day. Keen to ensure that physical exercise was also available to girls, a number of enterprising female members of staff formed a tennis club for the girls in 1893, with games taking place at the Meadows.
The Board was keen to maximise use of its new facilities and most schools offered evening courses. Leith Walk was classed in the jargon of the time as an Advanced School, offering advanced classes for young men over the age of 16 or who had passed their Sixth Standard, and were seeking to improve beyond that level. These began in the 1876-77 term with eighteen students. Over time more specialised classes began to be offered. In 1879 the Edinburgh School of Cookery on Shandwick Place began offering “lessons in cheap cookery” each Tuesday, costing 2d a class. By 1885 there were fifty-two enrolled and by 1894 it was 295.
Edinburgh School Board Evening Schools advert. Evening News, 28th September 1878From 1905 onwards, the School Board began to implement another type of Evening School, the Continuation School. These offered specialist technical education in cooperation with employers and were aimed (mainly) at boys past leaving age who were going into trades. This innovation was the result of the increasing demand for a more highly-skilled and literate workforce and also the decline in the traditional system of apprenticeship on-the-job training that had been provided by the trades themselves. Leith Walk offered three divisions of Continuation schooling; preparatory, specialised and advanced. These covered both general reading, writing and arithmetic before moving on to more specialised vocational courses such as technical drawing, shorthand, book-keeping, commercial correspondence and typewriting. In 1911 the Board took control of the vocational classes of the Incorporated Guild of Hairdressers and moved them to Leith Walk. This course cost 5s for young men serving apprenticeships in barbers shops, refunded where 90% attendance was achieved.
The Hairdressing evening classes.Board work for the hairdressing evening classes.Models for the hairdressing evening classes. Note that some of the subjects appear to be boys in wigs.The Hairdressing evening classes at Leith WAlk in 1914. Images used with permission of the History of Education Centre.The Continuation Schools were a huge success, too successful in fact and demand far exceeded supply. In 1905-06 they taught 3,722 students in the city: five years later it was 8,789. It became apparent that the facilities available at the day schools were not going to be able to keep up and so in 1910 the Board received approval to erect central workshops in McLeod Street in Gorgie for the purpose. These would evolve over time into Tynecastle School. Land was acquired at Bellevue in 1914 to provide similar facilities for the northern districts of the city and plans were approved in December 1914 to begin construction.
1915 (left) and 1917 (right) Edinburgh School Board handbook entries for Leith Walk. The asterisk against a name denotes teachers absent on war service. Scan from own collection.World War One not being “over by Christmas” put these plans on hiatus however. The 1914-15 School Board annual report gives us an idea of what the school’s make-up was like at this time. Its roll was 1,240 children, with 1,091 attending on average. At 87.9% this was on the low side for the city, ranking 29th out of 40 schools in the report. 101 children were in receipt of free school dinners and 21 benefited from the Police-Aided Clothing and Boots scheme. 116 children passed the Qualifying Examination (“Quali“) at age eleven, about average for the city’s public schools, with a further 22 leaving without passing – also near average. 132 students were in the Supplementary School, 54.5% of whom passed a certificate, higher than the city average of 47.6%. 381 children left the school in the course of the term, their reasons for leaving being in the table below:
Cause of leavingNumber of pupilsMoved to another Board school125Over age102Left the city95Exempted19Unknown reason13“Mentally unfit”12Gone to Secondary school6Moved to a non-Board school4Died4Sent to Industrial School1Children leaving Leith Walk Public School, 1914-15 session. Edinburgh School Board annual report.The school remained open for the duration of the war and became a temporary home for Albion Road, which had been evicted from its premises by the military authorities. A “two shift” system was instigated to accommodate them all; infants attending a half day in the morning until lunch time, the juveniles taking their place in the afternoon. The Advanced and Supplementary divisions (those older than eleven) attended for the whole day. The school took up a subscription to the Belgian Relief Fund, contributing £3 5s monthly for “money, clothing or foodstuffs for refugees, also comforts etc. for Belgian soldiers at the front“. £1 12s was also sent by the staff to the Scottish Women’s Hospitals organised by Dr Elsie Inglis.
A number of the teaching staff and former pupils went off to fight. William Wiseman served with the 15th Royal Scots and was captured, spending two years in a German prisoner-of-war camp. Walter Jamieson MA joined the 5th Royal Scots and was promoted from the ranks to Lieutenant in 1915, serving in Egypt and France where he was wounded in July 1917. William Hogg Oldham, thirty-four, was posted missing, presumed killed in action on March 23rd 1918. He was serving as a Corporal in the 2/7th Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders in France and left behind a widow and child at 47 East Claremont Street. Former pupil Adam Archibald joined the Royal Engineers and was awarded the Victoria Cross, the highest British award for military gallantry, at the Second Battle of the Sambre. He was engaged in building a floating bridge under heavy artillery and machine-gun fire and completed his task despite being overcome by a chemical gas attack. The after effects of the latter would invalid him out of the army and he received a hero’s welcome as “Leith’s V.C.” when he returned in 1919.
William Hogg Oldham, from George Heriot’s School Roll of Honour (where he was educated), 1914-19After the war there was a reorganisation of the state education sector in the country under the Education (Scotland) Act 1918. This brought the hitherto independent Roman Catholic and Episcopalian schools into the state system, and reorganised the 1,000 or so School Boards into a much smaller number of Education Authorities. The Edinburgh School Board absorbed those of Leith and other neighbouring parishes, such as Cramond, Liberton and Corstorphine, at this time to form the Edinburgh Education Authority.
In January 1922 the long-delayed Bellevue Workshops were finally opened. Initially they were housed in three ex-War Department wooden huts and were for the use of Leith Walk’s Continuation School. The 1918 act had also introduced a new class of institution called the Intermediate School, catering for children over the age of 11 who had not passed the Qualifying Exam for Higher Schools. Previously they would have remained at their same schools in Advanced Divisions until they left at the age of 14, joining a Continuation School if they were lucky. The Intermediate Schools absorbed the various technical workshops and commercial institutes that had been established and in September 1926 the Bellevue Workshops became Bellevue Intermediate School. All post-Qually children at Leith Walk would eventually transfer there, joining the 661 Continuation School students. Until 1931 Leith Walk continued to provide Day Continuation classes for unemployed boys and girls beyond school leaving age, after which it became purely a “primary school“. This latter term was in use to describe this type of school at the time, but didn’t come formally to be used in the names of schools (e.g. as Leith Walk Primary) in Edinburgh until the 1950s. Bellevue would survive into the Comprehensive era to become Drummond Community High School.
In 1935 the school finally dispensed with the ineffective (not to mention dangerous) open fireplaces when a coal-fired boiler house and chimney was erected to provide central heating. The electrical system was replaced and the building given a general overhaul and repaint at this time. That year the girls won the Edinburgh Public Schools Athletic Association’s inaugural Lamb Cup for netball, beating Albion Road by 38 to 34. Three years later Miss K. Crichton retired as infant mistress at the school in December 1938 after 40 years in teaching. She was presented with a cheval mirror and dressing stool from headmaster John Sommerville and staff and jewellery from the pupils. The following year in February teacher William Wiseman passed away after a short illness, having served the entirety of his 45-year career in Edinburgh at Leith Walk, excepting his wartime service.
The Qualifying class (children aged 11) in 1940. CC-by-NC-SA-4.0, credit: LeithLens Project, via Edinburgh Collected.By this time war was once again on the horizon. It began to get much more real in February 1939 when Leith Walk was one of three schools in the district designated as distribution centres for gas masks. The ARP (Air Raid Precautions) organisation established a first aid post and it was also used as a distribution point for ration books, as a vaccination centre to inoculate children against Diptheria and – following an alarming and unexplained outbreak in the city in 1942 – against Smallpox.
“Distribution of Respirators”, Evening News Advert, 18th February 1939.Throughout the year of 1942 the ‘News reported that the children of the school contributed to the “John Bomber Fund“. This was a fund set up in honour of Wing Commander John Woodburn Gillan DFC AFC who had been posted missing in action in August 1941. They held back-green concerts, jumble sales and sold victory badges, raising £8 6s 9d of the £640 contributed by the city. Initially the aim had been to buy bombs in John’s memory, however enough was raised to buy an entire Hawker Hurricane fighter aircraft that was named Our John.
“Our John, Tank-busting Hurricane” in service in the Western Desert with her pilot Pilot Officer William McLellan. Under each wing was a special 40mm anti-tank gun, one of which can be seen in the right foreground. (IWM CH 10839)Headmaster Sommerville died in 1944, as did his retired predecessor James A. Craig. The deputy head, John Douglas, took charge and served until 1955 when Colin M. Officer took over. Two years later in 1957 a special relationship was established with McDonald Road Library. All the senior pupils were enrolled as borrowers and the junior department became the de facto school library. Librarians in return visited the younger classes at the school to explain the library to them. That same year new toilet blocks were added at the rear of the main building, meaning that children no longer had to run across the playground to reach the Victorian conveniences. New sanitary regulations meant the facilities could no longer be outside, all had to be flushing, and there had to be hot water for hand washing.
Leith Walk (probably the Qualifying class again), 1958. CC-by-NC-SA-4.0, credit: Thelma donor 0381-010, via Edinburgh Collected.In 1960 the school took part in an unusual educational experiment. British Railways, in cooperation with a number of local authority Education Departments, instituted a Television Train. This took schools, 400 children at a time, on a roving day trip all over Scotland. Each carriage was fitted with a pair of televisions and there was a small studio on board from where teachers could give a running commentary and hold lessons related to the landscape they were passing through. Groups of pupils would also be given a chance to broadcast throughout the train to their fellow scholars. 360 pupils and 24 teachers from Leith Walk were the first in Edinburgh to take this train, on March 29th 1960, touring the Forth and Tay coasts for an eventual destination of St Andrews. Following the success of that trip it was repeated the following year for 8,200 children from Edinburgh and East Lothian, including one day in June when 1,350 pupils and 50 teachers from schools in Gorgie and Dalry took three trains. A further 10,000 travelled in 1962 but the scheme was not continued after that date.
The boiler house at Leith Walk was converted to oil fuel in 1965, freeing the janitor from the onerous chore of hand stoking it. Headmaster Officer (appropriately, an ex-military man) retired in 1968 to spend more time with his hobby of trainspotting and was replaced by William Biggar. When the latter Head retired in 1972 he was replaced by Miss Eliabeth Chalmers, who would serve for the next decade. In 1982, the year of her retiral, the school was one of a number locally that fell victim to an outbreak of fire-raising across the city, with a ground floor classroom badly damaged on 21st August and £2,000 damage caused. That year there were nine school fires causing over £1,000,000 of damage and others did not get off so lightly; £300,000 of damage was done to Castlebrae High in Craigmillar, £250,000 to Trinity Academy, Wardie primary suffered £50,000 of damage and in November the former David Kilpatrick school on North Junction Street in Leith was so badly damaged that it had to be demolished.
A noted alumnus is the Scots-Italian artist and sculptor Eduardo Paolozzi, born in Leith in 1924. Other former pupils include John Garnett Banks (later Sir John) – who rose to become Lord Provost of the city from 1954-57 – and Darren Jackson, a football centre forward who spent much of his career just along the road with Hibernian. Actually a life-long Hearts fan, he would fulfil his boyhood dream of stepping out in maroon late in his career, playing two seasons at Tynecastle between 1999-2001.
Sir John Garnett Banks CBE JP in his robes of office for the official portrait as Lord Provost by Stanley Cursiter. © estate of Stanley Cursiter. Image credit: Museums & Galleries EdinburghIn 1975 the reorganisation of local government in Scotland saw the school pass from the control of the old Corporation of the City of Edinburgh to the new Lothian Regional Council (which also included Midlothian, East Lothian and West Lothian). In 1986 the Region opened a Multicultural Education Centre at Leith Walk with the aim of establishing links between the Education Department and minority ethnic communities. It would also implement their anti-racism policies for young children and provide resources to be shared with other schools across the region. This facility closed in 1990 when its fixed-term funding ran out.
1993 aerial photo of the Hillside area, centred on Leith Walk Primary School and showing the adjacent former Original Industrial school before its demolition. Crown Copyright: HES SC1677299 via Trove.ScotIn 1995 the curious old building, formerly the Original Ragged Industrial School, next to Leith Walk Primary was demolished. This institution had relocated its girl “inmates” here in 120 years previously from Guthrie’s school on Ramsay Lane. It had been decided that it was in their best interests to be kept well separated from the boys. Guthrie’s by this time was a reformatory establishment, its inmates being those between the ages of seven to fourteen who had been convicted of petty offences, particularly vagrancy and begging, or who just had nobody to support them in life. There is an excellent article on such “Certified Industrial Schools” at Peter Higginbotham’s Children’s Homes website. Life in these schools was harsh and regimented, the basic concept being to feed and clothe the children while giving them a basic education, indoctrinating them in religion and preparing them for a life of menial work. For girls this amounted to domestic service. They were moved to Liberton in 1904 to try and get them even further away from the temptations of the city.
Guthrie’s 1904 Girl’s school at Liberton, relocated here from Leith Walk. 1979 photo by the Scottish Development Department, SC1831460 via Trove.ScotAfter the Industrial School left, its building at 6-7 Brunswick Road was used briefly as a lodging house for older girls who were moving into work, before it was acquired by the Church of Scotland Social Work Committee. In November 1906 they reopened it as a lodging home and night shelter for men and a boarding house for newspaper boys, with space for 100 residents in total. “The latter [was] a new line in which the committee propose to work, with the view, not only of keeping the boys out of temptation when not engaged in the work of their calling, but also developing regular habits, and helping them when they get too old for newsvending to an employment suitable for circumstances“. At the outbreak of war in 1939 it was requisitioned by the Admiralty for use as a store, later passing first to the Ministry of Works and then to Edinburgh District Council. After it was demolished the gap site was replaced with a block of flats for the Port of Leith Housing Association in 1997. Although never a Board School, it does therefore qualify as a lost school.
In 2008 an unusual new education facility arrived at Leith Walk in the form of the History of Education Centre and its acclaimed Victorian Classroom. This had initially been set up on the top floor of London Street Primary (later St Mary’s Edinburgh R.C. Primary) in 1987 to teach schoolchildren about education in days gone by in an immersive and authentic environment, down to period clothing and writing implements. The centre was the brainchild of Walter M. Stephen, Lothian Region’s senior education adviser (and author of an extremely interesting and informative book on a century of school design in Edinburgh). Stephen and a number of like minded individuals had been saving thousands of artefacts, books, documents and photographs from the Regional Council’s vast estate with a vision that they might one day be useful teaching aids again. When St. Mary’s needed the space back for the school, the centre was re-located to a TU (Temporary Unit) in the playground at Brunswick Road. The centre re-located to a genuine Victorian classroom again in 2022 when the former Victoria School in Newhaven was vacated and taken over as the Heart of Newhaven community centre and is no longer at Leith Walk.
The “Victorian” Classroom of the History of Education Centre at Leith Walk, actually a 1950s temporary classroom (like all temporary classrooms, anything but temporary in practice). CC-by-SA-2.0 Kim Traynor via GeographSo Happy Birthday Leith Walk Primary, and here’s to the next 150 years of education! A special thank you is merited by the History of Education Centre, who allowed me to leaf through all their photograph books and rummage in various boxes. The wonderful pictures of the hairdressing classes were a highlight of what I found here and I am very grateful for the permission to use them.
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"In particular, background-image is ignored."
This is such a bummer... whyyy? 😭 It's killing the possibility for effects that otherwise require either:
🤨 using a monospaced font
🤨 splitting the text into charactershttps://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/Reference/Selectors/::highlight
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RE: https://systemli.social/@funz/117421531694901967
NTT Data hat Angst vor Besuch heute und hat alle Besichtigungen zum Tag der offenen Rechenzentren vor ein paar Wochen abgesagt...
"Aufgrund der aktuellen Sicherheitslage und der damit verbundenen erhöhten Sicherheitsanforderungen an Rechenzentren wurde auf globaler Ebene entschieden, derzeit keine allgemeinen Besichtigungen unserer Rechenzentren durchzuführen. NTT DATA wird daher in diesem Jahr nicht am Tag der offenen Rechenzentren teilnehmen."
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‘Tudo Pode Ser Visto’, documentário sobre Elizabeth Holmes, ganha trailer; assista
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FINAL FANTASY RESONANCE Chega Quebrando Tudo em HD-2D e Resgata Clássicos da Franquia
#Gamerscore #Demo #FinalFantasy #FinalFantasyResonance #HD2D #JRPG #Lançamento #NintendoSwitch2 #PC #PlayStation5
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Wir haben seit einem Monat vorm #zwanzig an der #TUDarmstadt eine kleine #Reparaturstation \o/
Das ist ziemlich cool und jetzt kann man dort rund um die Uhr Kleinreparaturen dort ausfuehren.
Wir sind gespannt, wie lange die Reparaturstation durchhaelt. Diese Stationen sind leider sehr anfaellig fuer #Vandalismus.
Es versteht sich von selbst, dass man sein #KFZ dort parken muss 😂
#allesisteinparkplatz #fahrrad #fahrradalltag #fahrradfahren #darmstadt
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https://www.europesays.com/hu/303216/ Index – Tudomány – Megvan a magyarázat, miért olyan boldogtalanok a magyarok #boldogság #CeFemina #család #Európa #hobbi #Hungarian #indexvideó #kutatás #Magyar #magyarok #Megtakarítás #News #podcast #stressz #TilPodcast #Tudomány #Világ #World #WorldNews
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📰 Chefe do comitê de segurança iraniano diz que resultado das eleições nos EUA é ‘tudo igual’
#Trump #Guerra #republicano #irã #News #GuerraEUAeIsraelxIrã #EUA #democrata #ebrahimazizi
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Kim Kardashian elogia Cauã Reymond, par romântico em ‘Tudo é Justo’: ‘Foi um prazer’
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URGENTE: falha gravíssima no SSH expõe servidores Linux
🚨 URGENTE: se você tem servidor Linux, para tudo e atualiza AGORA!
Essa falha no SSH é séria e pode liberar acesso aos seus sistemas de um jeito absurdo. Olha o que você precisa saber:
🔴 Afeta servidores Linux, kernels, containers Docker e Alpine.
🔴 Está no ar desde 2016 — e agora que apareceu.
🔴 Segundo o alerta, qualquer senha com mais de 256...#segurancadigital #linux #ssh #infraestrutura #devops #ciberseguranca #MorningCrypto
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A vida muda,os caminhos se cruzam,algumas fases terminam e outras começam.
Nem tudo acontece como planejamos, mas sempre há algo novo a caminho
Bom dia ☕ -
https://www.europesays.com/hu/303644/ 900 ezer Opelt hívnak vissza életveszélyes hiba miatt: 2005 és 2018 közötti évjáratok érintettek, így ellenőrizd, a tiéddel is gond van-e #biztosítás #HU #Hungarian #Hungary #Karrier #Magyar #Magyarország #Megtakarítás #Nyugdíj #Otthon #Science #Science&Technology #Technológia #Technology #Tudomány #TudományésTechnológia #Utazás #Vállalkozás #Vásárlás
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https://www.europesays.com/hu/303626/ A világ egyik legközönségesebb eleme válhat az autóipar új aranyává #HU #Hungarian #Hungary #Magyar #Magyarország #Science #Science&Technology #Technológia #Technology #Tudomány #TudományésTechnológia
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https://www.europesays.com/hu/303608/ Szürreális látvány a szalonban álló új UAZ 7 millióért #buhanka #HU #Hungarian #Hungary #Magyar #Magyarország #orosz #Science #Science&Technology #Technológia #Technology #Tudomány #TudományésTechnológia #uaz #vezetünk
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https://www.europesays.com/hu/?p=303590 G7: A kínai akkugyáraknak kedveznek az autópiaci változások #akkumulátorgyártás #akkumulátoripar #BYD #catl #egyperces #HU #Hungarian #Hungary #Magyar #Magyarország #Science #Science&Technology #Technológia #Technology #Tudomány #TudományésTechnológia #vállalat
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https://www.europesays.com/hu/302992/ Két élmény, egy este: így tudod elegánsan kijátszani az őszi hideget a Leóban #ajánlat #bisztró #budapest #élmény #foglalás #HU #Hungarian #Hungary #koktél #LeoBistro #LeoRooftop #Magyar #Magyarország #NagySztori #program #vacsora
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Temos falado bastante sobre trabalho no fediverso e eu gostaria de dar meus dois centavos:
Acabo de terminar uma aula sobre produção de audiobooks e tenho percebido o quão importante pra mim é a palavra << independente >>. Eu vi os professores explicando cada detalhe da gigantesca e cuidadosa produção industrial e pensando “caramba é com isso tudo que eu estou concorrendo?”. Mas de fato penso que o trabalho independente e artesanal é o caminho justo e digno para todos nós. A ideia de ser parte de uma empresa pra sustentar uma máquina de capital que vai beneficiar um capitalista de forma injusta não me apetece.
Eu, de fato, não desejo ser um profissional. Eu gosto, é claro, de fazer coisas de maneira decente (boa qualidade, boa entrega, compromisso com a ponta da cadeia e respeito por todos os envolvidos) e me divertir pelo caminho. Talvez, algum dia, nós consigamos pensar em formas de trabalho nas quais sejamos mais que ultraespecializados no que amamos sem perder nossa humanidade, que n é especializada, mas diversa e nossa qualidade de vida, que não é só trabalhar. Talvez, consigamos cooperar juntos sem favorecer um capitalista qualquer.
Por ora, vamos de ser uma banda de um homem só e entregar o trabalho mais artesanal, cheio das marcas do meu processo de aprendizado e da minha história, possível!
obrigado quem teve fôlego pra chegar até aqui e por fazer parte dessa história tbm \o/
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https://www.europesays.com/pt/577325/ Amanda Klein, do SBT, assina contrato com a TMC – 05/11/2026 – Outro Canal #bichos #Celebridades #CNN #colunistas #Entertainment #Entretenimento #estranho #EuAmo #fofices #horóscopo #humanos #humor #Imprensa #jornalismo #Jornalista #Portugal #PT #SBT #televisão #tudo #TV #vídeos
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https://www.europesays.com/hu/302728/ Törli belépő típusait egy európai prémium márka #Hírek #HU #Hungarian #Hungary #LandRover #Magyar #Magyarország #RangeRover #RangeRoverEvoque #RangeRoverGT #RangeRoverVelar #Science #Science&Technology #SzabadidőAutó/Terepjáró #SzabadidőAutó #Technológia #Technology #Tudomány #TudományésTechnológia
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Rack com Painel Diplomata: um charme pra sua sala!
Ele tem espaço para TV de até 60 polegadas, três nichos e três portas basculantes com pistões a gás. O passa-fios ajuda a manter tudo organizado.
Quer saber mais? Fale com a gente!
#EstrelaMoveis #RackComPainel #PainelParaTV #SalaDeEstar #Decoracao
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https://www.europesays.com/hu/302228/ A SpaceX is tiltakozik, 56 cég blokkolja részvénytokenjei bevezetését #HU #Hungarian #Hungary #kraken #Magyar #Magyarország #OKXICE #Science #Science&Technology #SEC #SPACEX #SpaceXTokenizáltRészvények #Technológia #Technology #tokenizáció #Tudomány #TudományésTechnológia
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https://www.europesays.com/pt/576675/ Outro Canal: Rogério Vaughan, titular da ESPN, recusa proposta da Amazon para narrar Brasileirão – UOL #Amazon #bichos #CampeonatoBrasileiro #Celebridades #colunistas #Entertainment #Entretenimento #ESPN #esporte #estranho #EuAmo #fofices #futebol #horóscopo #humanos #humor #Portugal #PT #televisão #tudo #TV #vídeos
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Sobre #aprendizagem! Quando o Sofrimento Substitui o Aprendizado? Reconhecendo Sinais para Mudar. E Antes de Tudo, Parar.
https://youtu.be/OjsfBtwUVdk
