#sx — Public Fediverse posts
Live and recent posts from across the Fediverse tagged #sx, aggregated by home.social.
-
Great that you found the lists useful. There are 2 other fediverse-related list in the delightful commons initiative.
-
Great that you found the lists useful. There are 2 other fediverse-related list in the delightful commons initiative.
-
Great that you found the lists useful. There are 2 other fediverse-related list in the delightful commons initiative.
-
Great that you found the lists useful. There are 2 other fediverse-related list in the delightful commons initiative.
-
Great that you found the lists useful. There are 2 other fediverse-related list in the delightful commons initiative.
-
@flancian it depends 😅
On one hand #SX constitutes an entire new field of #ICT. A perspective and mindset shift, a way of viewing technology development and adoption differently, and be able to perceive the huge gap to where tech ends and real human needs start. There's some 'Umdenken', rethinking involved. Going the opposite direction from the tech-first approach that dominates today. "We create tech, and you must adapt to it" is the implicit call of the #DigitalTransformation hype, for instance. It is already implied by the name.
Being an entire field, it is open to any adventurer to explore in their own way. There's a huge niche, especially for grassroots social web based ecosystems.
And then there's my own applied research on an opinionated SX methodology at https://coding.social
Here I'm ready to set a growth process in motion that leads to formation of a #commons based value economy. However, I lack savings and income, thus this is hobby track only and very slow-moving atm.
-
@flancian it depends 😅
On one hand #SX constitutes an entire new field of #ICT. A perspective and mindset shift, a way of viewing technology development and adoption differently, and be able to perceive the huge gap to where tech ends and real human needs start. There's some 'Umdenken', rethinking involved. Going the opposite direction from the tech-first approach that dominates today. "We create tech, and you must adapt to it" is the implicit call of the #DigitalTransformation hype, for instance. It is already implied by the name.
Being an entire field, it is open to any adventurer to explore in their own way. There's a huge niche, especially for grassroots social web based ecosystems.
And then there's my own applied research on an opinionated SX methodology at https://coding.social
Here I'm ready to set a growth process in motion that leads to formation of a #commons based value economy. However, I lack savings and income, thus this is hobby track only and very slow-moving atm.
-
@flancian it depends 😅
On one hand #SX constitutes an entire new field of #ICT. A perspective and mindset shift, a way of viewing technology development and adoption differently, and be able to perceive the huge gap to where tech ends and real human needs start. There's some 'Umdenken', rethinking involved. Going the opposite direction from the tech-first approach that dominates today. "We create tech, and you must adapt to it" is the implicit call of the #DigitalTransformation hype, for instance. It is already implied by the name.
Being an entire field, it is open to any adventurer to explore in their own way. There's a huge niche, especially for grassroots social web based ecosystems.
And then there's my own applied research on an opinionated SX methodology at https://coding.social
Here I'm ready to set a growth process in motion that leads to formation of a #commons based value economy. However, I lack savings and income, thus this is hobby track only and very slow-moving atm.
-
@flancian it depends 😅
On one hand #SX constitutes an entire new field of #ICT. A perspective and mindset shift, a way of viewing technology development and adoption differently, and be able to perceive the huge gap to where tech ends and real human needs start. There's some 'Umdenken', rethinking involved. Going the opposite direction from the tech-first approach that dominates today. "We create tech, and you must adapt to it" is the implicit call of the #DigitalTransformation hype, for instance. It is already implied by the name.
Being an entire field, it is open to any adventurer to explore in their own way. There's a huge niche, especially for grassroots social web based ecosystems.
And then there's my own applied research on an opinionated SX methodology at https://coding.social
Here I'm ready to set a growth process in motion that leads to formation of a #commons based value economy. However, I lack savings and income, thus this is hobby track only and very slow-moving atm.
-
@flancian it depends 😅
On one hand #SX constitutes an entire new field of #ICT. A perspective and mindset shift, a way of viewing technology development and adoption differently, and be able to perceive the huge gap to where tech ends and real human needs start. There's some 'Umdenken', rethinking involved. Going the opposite direction from the tech-first approach that dominates today. "We create tech, and you must adapt to it" is the implicit call of the #DigitalTransformation hype, for instance. It is already implied by the name.
Being an entire field, it is open to any adventurer to explore in their own way. There's a huge niche, especially for grassroots social web based ecosystems.
And then there's my own applied research on an opinionated SX methodology at https://coding.social
Here I'm ready to set a growth process in motion that leads to formation of a #commons based value economy. However, I lack savings and income, thus this is hobby track only and very slow-moving atm.
-
Yes, indeed. @Johns_priv also brought this up, to which I replied here:
https://social.coop/@smallcircles/116543293441183057
What the discussions to the poll shows is that there is so much nuance, and numerous communication use cases and edge cases.
And in the call to "join the fediverse" and plug in to the wire there is high risk that this nuance is not properly addressed, or is even unaddressible by the general approach that is followed. It is not "been there, done that, copy mastodon, bolt on feature". That organic chaotic growth does not have a naturally healthy outcome. It can grow the blob too.
That is more or less the key point of my blog post on Grassroots fediverse evolution: that there is a sweet spot to be found between spontaneous grassroots emergence and orchestrated top-down standardization and guidance.
https://coding.social/blog/grassroots-evolution
#SX has a focus on the prosocial design patterns that underly all the various online communication modes, and these can be defined in a tech-independent manner.
-
Yes, indeed. @Johns_priv also brought this up, to which I replied here:
https://social.coop/@smallcircles/116543293441183057
What the discussions to the poll shows is that there is so much nuance, and numerous communication use cases and edge cases.
And in the call to "join the fediverse" and plug in to the wire there is high risk that this nuance is not properly addressed, or is even unaddressible by the general approach that is followed. It is not "been there, done that, copy mastodon, bolt on feature". That organic chaotic growth does not have a naturally healthy outcome. It can grow the blob too.
That is more or less the key point of my blog post on Grassroots fediverse evolution: that there is a sweet spot to be found between spontaneous grassroots emergence and orchestrated top-down standardization and guidance.
https://coding.social/blog/grassroots-evolution
#SX has a focus on the prosocial design patterns that underly all the various online communication modes, and these can be defined in a tech-independent manner.
-
Yes, indeed. @Johns_priv also brought this up, to which I replied here:
https://social.coop/@smallcircles/116543293441183057
What the discussions to the poll shows is that there is so much nuance, and numerous communication use cases and edge cases.
And in the call to "join the fediverse" and plug in to the wire there is high risk that this nuance is not properly addressed, or is even unaddressible by the general approach that is followed. It is not "been there, done that, copy mastodon, bolt on feature". That organic chaotic growth does not have a naturally healthy outcome. It can grow the blob too.
That is more or less the key point of my blog post on Grassroots fediverse evolution: that there is a sweet spot to be found between spontaneous grassroots emergence and orchestrated top-down standardization and guidance.
https://coding.social/blog/grassroots-evolution
#SX has a focus on the prosocial design patterns that underly all the various online communication modes, and these can be defined in a tech-independent manner.
-
Yes, indeed. @Johns_priv also brought this up, to which I replied here:
https://social.coop/@smallcircles/116543293441183057
What the discussions to the poll shows is that there is so much nuance, and numerous communication use cases and edge cases.
And in the call to "join the fediverse" and plug in to the wire there is high risk that this nuance is not properly addressed, or is even unaddressible by the general approach that is followed. It is not "been there, done that, copy mastodon, bolt on feature". That organic chaotic growth does not have a naturally healthy outcome. It can grow the blob too.
That is more or less the key point of my blog post on Grassroots fediverse evolution: that there is a sweet spot to be found between spontaneous grassroots emergence and orchestrated top-down standardization and guidance.
https://coding.social/blog/grassroots-evolution
#SX has a focus on the prosocial design patterns that underly all the various online communication modes, and these can be defined in a tech-independent manner.
-
Yes, indeed. @Johns_priv also brought this up, to which I replied here:
https://social.coop/@smallcircles/116543293441183057
What the discussions to the poll shows is that there is so much nuance, and numerous communication use cases and edge cases.
And in the call to "join the fediverse" and plug in to the wire there is high risk that this nuance is not properly addressed, or is even unaddressible by the general approach that is followed. It is not "been there, done that, copy mastodon, bolt on feature". That organic chaotic growth does not have a naturally healthy outcome. It can grow the blob too.
That is more or less the key point of my blog post on Grassroots fediverse evolution: that there is a sweet spot to be found between spontaneous grassroots emergence and orchestrated top-down standardization and guidance.
https://coding.social/blog/grassroots-evolution
#SX has a focus on the prosocial design patterns that underly all the various online communication modes, and these can be defined in a tech-independent manner.
-
@uriel yes, very nice, thank you.
The whole #AI thing is quite interesting from a Social experience design perspective. #SX has Humanity and Freedom as intrinsic values, and the aim is to develop unobtrusive, harmonious, and humane technologies that serve people's needs.
From that perspective I am anti #LLM as the disruptive introduction in society is totally irresponsible, making it inhumane technology. Yet unlike with blockchain there are also undeniable upsides, numerous positive applications of the technology too.
I think the biggest near-term risk is the dehumanization and further erosion of social fabric between humans, which is to the benefit to festering #hypercapitalism and the #EpsteinClass who ultimately owns the technology.
SX defines #CALMculture, for Constructive activism-led movements. I think the way I see most people conduct #activism against AI, closing ears and ostracising AI fans, is doomed to be ineffective. CALM involves cocreating pathway towards solutions.
-
@uriel yes, very nice, thank you.
The whole #AI thing is quite interesting from a Social experience design perspective. #SX has Humanity and Freedom as intrinsic values, and the aim is to develop unobtrusive, harmonious, and humane technologies that serve people's needs.
From that perspective I am anti #LLM as the disruptive introduction in society is totally irresponsible, making it inhumane technology. Yet unlike with blockchain there are also undeniable upsides, numerous positive applications of the technology too.
I think the biggest near-term risk is the dehumanization and further erosion of social fabric between humans, which is to the benefit to festering #hypercapitalism and the #EpsteinClass who ultimately owns the technology.
SX defines #CALMculture, for Constructive activism-led movements. I think the way I see most people conduct #activism against AI, closing ears and ostracising AI fans, is doomed to be ineffective. CALM involves cocreating pathway towards solutions.
-
@uriel yes, very nice, thank you.
The whole #AI thing is quite interesting from a Social experience design perspective. #SX has Humanity and Freedom as intrinsic values, and the aim is to develop unobtrusive, harmonious, and humane technologies that serve people's needs.
From that perspective I am anti #LLM as the disruptive introduction in society is totally irresponsible, making it inhumane technology. Yet unlike with blockchain there are also undeniable upsides, numerous positive applications of the technology too.
I think the biggest near-term risk is the dehumanization and further erosion of social fabric between humans, which is to the benefit to festering #hypercapitalism and the #EpsteinClass who ultimately owns the technology.
SX defines #CALMculture, for Constructive activism-led movements. I think the way I see most people conduct #activism against AI, closing ears and ostracising AI fans, is doomed to be ineffective. CALM involves cocreating pathway towards solutions.
-
@uriel yes, very nice, thank you.
The whole #AI thing is quite interesting from a Social experience design perspective. #SX has Humanity and Freedom as intrinsic values, and the aim is to develop unobtrusive, harmonious, and humane technologies that serve people's needs.
From that perspective I am anti #LLM as the disruptive introduction in society is totally irresponsible, making it inhumane technology. Yet unlike with blockchain there are also undeniable upsides, numerous positive applications of the technology too.
I think the biggest near-term risk is the dehumanization and further erosion of social fabric between humans, which is to the benefit to festering #hypercapitalism and the #EpsteinClass who ultimately owns the technology.
SX defines #CALMculture, for Constructive activism-led movements. I think the way I see most people conduct #activism against AI, closing ears and ostracising AI fans, is doomed to be ineffective. CALM involves cocreating pathway towards solutions.
-
@uriel yes, very nice, thank you.
The whole #AI thing is quite interesting from a Social experience design perspective. #SX has Humanity and Freedom as intrinsic values, and the aim is to develop unobtrusive, harmonious, and humane technologies that serve people's needs.
From that perspective I am anti #LLM as the disruptive introduction in society is totally irresponsible, making it inhumane technology. Yet unlike with blockchain there are also undeniable upsides, numerous positive applications of the technology too.
I think the biggest near-term risk is the dehumanization and further erosion of social fabric between humans, which is to the benefit to festering #hypercapitalism and the #EpsteinClass who ultimately owns the technology.
SX defines #CALMculture, for Constructive activism-led movements. I think the way I see most people conduct #activism against AI, closing ears and ostracising AI fans, is doomed to be ineffective. CALM involves cocreating pathway towards solutions.
-
In daily life, if you talk to someone, you have the right to remember what was said, right?
And if you don't possess photographic memory, you have the right to take notes, keep record, maintain a diary, yes?
And no one has the right to order you to forget your memories, or under normal circumstances to destroy your notes?
So if you have a single-person #fediverse instance, it is okay then to ignore #ActivityPub Delete requests to erase your memory of online public conversations you had with others?
-
In daily life, if you talk to someone, you have the right to remember what was said, right?
And if you don't possess photographic memory, you have the right to take notes, keep record, maintain a diary, yes?
And no one has the right to order you to forget your memories, or under normal circumstances to destroy your notes?
So if you have a single-person #fediverse instance, it is okay then to ignore #ActivityPub Delete requests to erase your memory of online public conversations you had with others?
-
In daily life, if you talk to someone, you have the right to remember what was said, right?
And if you don't possess photographic memory, you have the right to take notes, keep record, maintain a diary, yes?
And no one has the right to order you to forget your memories, or under normal circumstances to destroy your notes?
So if you have a single-person #fediverse instance, it is okay then to ignore #ActivityPub Delete requests to erase your memory of online public conversations you had with others?
-
In daily life, if you talk to someone, you have the right to remember what was said, right?
And if you don't possess photographic memory, you have the right to take notes, keep record, maintain a diary, yes?
And no one has the right to order you to forget your memories, or under normal circumstances to destroy your notes?
So if you have a single-person #fediverse instance, it is okay then to ignore #ActivityPub Delete requests to erase your memory of online public conversations you had with others?
-
In daily life, if you talk to someone, you have the right to remember what was said, right?
And if you don't possess photographic memory, you have the right to take notes, keep record, maintain a diary, yes?
And no one has the right to order you to forget your memories, or under normal circumstances to destroy your notes?
So if you have a single-person #fediverse instance, it is okay then to ignore #ActivityPub Delete requests to erase your memory of online public conversations you had with others?
-
Yet more overstimulation of this #fediverse cauldron of #Humankind and #HumanCreation where new society blossoms in all its brilliant colors. 🌈
#SocialInnovationSpaces also.
Where people give a 🪙 and add their 🪙🪙https://social.coop/@smallcircles/116454115562895220
Ping 🔔 #UrgentPlatitude delivery..
A wisdom tile has arrived, @EUCommission
-
Yet more overstimulation of this #fediverse cauldron of #Humankind and #HumanCreation where new society blossoms in all its brilliant colors. 🌈
#SocialInnovationSpaces also.
Where people give a 🪙 and add their 🪙🪙https://social.coop/@smallcircles/116454115562895220
Ping 🔔 #UrgentPlatitude delivery..
A wisdom tile has arrived, @EUCommission
-
Yet more overstimulation of this #fediverse cauldron of #Humankind and #HumanCreation where new society blossoms in all its brilliant colors. 🌈
#SocialInnovationSpaces also.
Where people give a 🪙 and add their 🪙🪙https://social.coop/@smallcircles/116454115562895220
Ping 🔔 #UrgentPlatitude delivery..
A wisdom tile has arrived, @EUCommission
-
Yet more overstimulation of this #fediverse cauldron of #Humankind and #HumanCreation where new society blossoms in all its brilliant colors. 🌈
#SocialInnovationSpaces also.
Where people give a 🪙 and add their 🪙🪙https://social.coop/@smallcircles/116454115562895220
Ping 🔔 #UrgentPlatitude delivery..
A wisdom tile has arrived, @EUCommission
-
Yet more overstimulation of this #fediverse cauldron of #Humankind and #HumanCreation where new society blossoms in all its brilliant colors. 🌈
#SocialInnovationSpaces also.
Where people give a 🪙 and add their 🪙🪙https://social.coop/@smallcircles/116454115562895220
Ping 🔔 #UrgentPlatitude delivery..
A wisdom tile has arrived, @EUCommission
-
That's it then. Sun Tzu. Strike where the enemy is weakest. Human connection. Humanness. #Humanity
I keep a scrabbled SWOT, and in the past tooted that LLMs, or more importantly and accurately its Big Tech creators, have retracted as it were from 'serving' people in these areas. Throwing more layers of indirection between us, that can only serve to further erode the social fabric of society.
If you turn that perspective around you may also say:
Hey, they really have left market space now, made it unoccupied territory again. Opened niches where new #opportunities exist for small parties to jump in the gap, to find, or more like rediscover, the USP's of offering reall human-to-human services.
Backdrop to my SWOT is Social experience design #SX and the urgent need that Humankind starts to #ReimagineSocialNetworking.
Which entails of course much more than mere #SocialWeb tech: Bridging the huge gap between tech and people. Yet more USP's!
-
That's it then. Sun Tzu. Strike where the enemy is weakest. Human connection. Humanness. #Humanity
I keep a scrabbled SWOT, and in the past tooted that LLMs, or more importantly and accurately its Big Tech creators, have retracted as it were from 'serving' people in these areas. Throwing more layers of indirection between us, that can only serve to further erode the social fabric of society.
If you turn that perspective around you may also say:
Hey, they really have left market space now, made it unoccupied territory again. Opened niches where new #opportunities exist for small parties to jump in the gap, to find, or more like rediscover, the USP's of offering reall human-to-human services.
Backdrop to my SWOT is Social experience design #SX and the urgent need that Humankind starts to #ReimagineSocialNetworking.
Which entails of course much more than mere #SocialWeb tech: Bridging the huge gap between tech and people. Yet more USP's!
-
That's it then. Sun Tzu. Strike where the enemy is weakest. Human connection. Humanness. #Humanity
I keep a scrabbled SWOT, and in the past tooted that LLMs, or more importantly and accurately its Big Tech creators, have retracted as it were from 'serving' people in these areas. Throwing more layers of indirection between us, that can only serve to further erode the social fabric of society.
If you turn that perspective around you may also say:
Hey, they really have left market space now, made it unoccupied territory again. Opened niches where new #opportunities exist for small parties to jump in the gap, to find, or more like rediscover, the USP's of offering reall human-to-human services.
Backdrop to my SWOT is Social experience design #SX and the urgent need that Humankind starts to #ReimagineSocialNetworking.
Which entails of course much more than mere #SocialWeb tech: Bridging the huge gap between tech and people. Yet more USP's!
-
That's it then. Sun Tzu. Strike where the enemy is weakest. Human connection. Humanness. #Humanity
I keep a scrabbled SWOT, and in the past tooted that LLMs, or more importantly and accurately its Big Tech creators, have retracted as it were from 'serving' people in these areas. Throwing more layers of indirection between us, that can only serve to further erode the social fabric of society.
If you turn that perspective around you may also say:
Hey, they really have left market space now, made it unoccupied territory again. Opened niches where new #opportunities exist for small parties to jump in the gap, to find, or more like rediscover, the USP's of offering reall human-to-human services.
Backdrop to my SWOT is Social experience design #SX and the urgent need that Humankind starts to #ReimagineSocialNetworking.
Which entails of course much more than mere #SocialWeb tech: Bridging the huge gap between tech and people. Yet more USP's!
-
That's it then. Sun Tzu. Strike where the enemy is weakest. Human connection. Humanness. #Humanity
I keep a scrabbled SWOT, and in the past tooted that LLMs, or more importantly and accurately its Big Tech creators, have retracted as it were from 'serving' people in these areas. Throwing more layers of indirection between us, that can only serve to further erode the social fabric of society.
If you turn that perspective around you may also say:
Hey, they really have left market space now, made it unoccupied territory again. Opened niches where new #opportunities exist for small parties to jump in the gap, to find, or more like rediscover, the USP's of offering reall human-to-human services.
Backdrop to my SWOT is Social experience design #SX and the urgent need that Humankind starts to #ReimagineSocialNetworking.
Which entails of course much more than mere #SocialWeb tech: Bridging the huge gap between tech and people. Yet more USP's!
-
#ThoughtProvoker :blobhyperthink:
Hypercapitalism is NOT root cause of #Humankind's wicked problems, like #ClimateChange. Or is it?
It is all a matter of perspective.. And making perspective shifts.
-
#ThoughtProvoker :blobhyperthink:
Hypercapitalism is NOT root cause of #Humankind's wicked problems, like #ClimateChange. Or is it?
It is all a matter of perspective.. And making perspective shifts.
-
#ThoughtProvoker :blobhyperthink:
Hypercapitalism is NOT root cause of #Humankind's wicked problems, like #ClimateChange. Or is it?
It is all a matter of perspective.. And making perspective shifts.
-
#ThoughtProvoker :blobhyperthink:
Hypercapitalism is NOT root cause of #Humankind's wicked problems, like #ClimateChange. Or is it?
It is all a matter of perspective.. And making perspective shifts.
-
#ThoughtProvoker :blobhyperthink:
Hypercapitalism is NOT root cause of #Humankind's wicked problems, like #ClimateChange. Or is it?
It is all a matter of perspective.. And making perspective shifts.
-
Yes, I know. And endless strife.
SX separates #FOSS from the movement of people that creates it. FOSS is code/software + an open license. Period.
Under SX, where solution development involves software creation, FOSS is the end of the supply line. FOSS software is a SX artifact. Its only purpose is to serve the formulated solution that was the reason to start programming. And that solution in turn is only meaningful to the extent it fulfills people's needs.
Including the creator, if they need sustenance to continue their good work. This is the crux. It isn't there for FOSS creators, its an inherently unsustainable field.
Separating FOSS software from those creating it allows focus on healthy processes, that do not burnout their participants and they leave.
Here SX defines #SOSS, Sustainable open social systems..
https://coding.social/blog/reimagine-social/#sustainable-open-social-systems
-
Yes, I know. And endless strife.
SX separates #FOSS from the movement of people that creates it. FOSS is code/software + an open license. Period.
Under SX, where solution development involves software creation, FOSS is the end of the supply line. FOSS software is a SX artifact. Its only purpose is to serve the formulated solution that was the reason to start programming. And that solution in turn is only meaningful to the extent it fulfills people's needs.
Including the creator, if they need sustenance to continue their good work. This is the crux. It isn't there for FOSS creators, its an inherently unsustainable field.
Separating FOSS software from those creating it allows focus on healthy processes, that do not burnout their participants and they leave.
Here SX defines #SOSS, Sustainable open social systems..
https://coding.social/blog/reimagine-social/#sustainable-open-social-systems
-
Yes, I know. And endless strife.
SX separates #FOSS from the movement of people that creates it. FOSS is code/software + an open license. Period.
Under SX, where solution development involves software creation, FOSS is the end of the supply line. FOSS software is a SX artifact. Its only purpose is to serve the formulated solution that was the reason to start programming. And that solution in turn is only meaningful to the extent it fulfills people's needs.
Including the creator, if they need sustenance to continue their good work. This is the crux. It isn't there for FOSS creators, its an inherently unsustainable field.
Separating FOSS software from those creating it allows focus on healthy processes, that do not burnout their participants and they leave.
Here SX defines #SOSS, Sustainable open social systems..
https://coding.social/blog/reimagine-social/#sustainable-open-social-systems
-
Yes, I know. And endless strife.
SX separates #FOSS from the movement of people that creates it. FOSS is code/software + an open license. Period.
Under SX, where solution development involves software creation, FOSS is the end of the supply line. FOSS software is a SX artifact. Its only purpose is to serve the formulated solution that was the reason to start programming. And that solution in turn is only meaningful to the extent it fulfills people's needs.
Including the creator, if they need sustenance to continue their good work. This is the crux. It isn't there for FOSS creators, its an inherently unsustainable field.
Separating FOSS software from those creating it allows focus on healthy processes, that do not burnout their participants and they leave.
Here SX defines #SOSS, Sustainable open social systems..
https://coding.social/blog/reimagine-social/#sustainable-open-social-systems
-
Yes, I know. And endless strife.
SX separates #FOSS from the movement of people that creates it. FOSS is code/software + an open license. Period.
Under SX, where solution development involves software creation, FOSS is the end of the supply line. FOSS software is a SX artifact. Its only purpose is to serve the formulated solution that was the reason to start programming. And that solution in turn is only meaningful to the extent it fulfills people's needs.
Including the creator, if they need sustenance to continue their good work. This is the crux. It isn't there for FOSS creators, its an inherently unsustainable field.
Separating FOSS software from those creating it allows focus on healthy processes, that do not burnout their participants and they leave.
Here SX defines #SOSS, Sustainable open social systems..
https://coding.social/blog/reimagine-social/#sustainable-open-social-systems