grobi

2026 May 17

NGC 1300: Barred Spiral Galaxy
* Image Credit: NASA ESA, Hubble Heritage
https://www.nasa.gov/
https://www.esa.int/
https://www.nasa.gov/stem-content/the-hubble-heritage-project/

Explanation:
Across the center of this spiral galaxy is a bar. And at the center of this bar is smaller spiral. And at the center of that spiral is a supermassive black hole. This all happens in the big, beautiful, barred spiral galaxy cataloged as NGC 1300, a galaxy that lies some 70 million light-years away toward the constellation of the river Eridanus. This Hubble Space Telescope composite view of the gorgeous island universe is one of the most detailed Hubble images ever made of a complete galaxy. NGC 1300 spans over 100,000 light-years and the Hubble image reveals striking details of the galaxy's dominant central bar and majestic spiral arms. How the giant bar formed, how it remains, and how it affects star formation remains an active topic of research.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barred_spiral_galaxy#Bars
https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/ap080517.html
https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/ap241124.html
https://noirlab.edu/public/education/constellations/eridanus/
https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/ap200426.html
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NGC_1300
https://spaceplace.nasa.gov/light-year/en/
https://science.nasa.gov/universe/stars/
https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2021MNRAS.502.2238M/abstract

https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/ap260517.html

#space #galaxy #astrophotography #photography #science #astronomy #nature #NASA #ESA #apod

Astro Catalog
by Sylvain Villet
https://github.com/sylvainvillet
https://app.astrobin.com/u/SylvainV
https://app.astrobin.com/forum/topic/191541

This project generates a mosaic of Messier or Caldwell objects, using images from a local folder.
The script arranges the objects into a configurable grid, supports larger slots for extended targets (e.g. Andromeda), and overlays labels and a title.

Perfect for creating a large-format print.

Features:
+ Loads Messier or Caldwell object images from a folder (M31.jpg, M-31.png, M_31.tif, etc.)
+ Places objects on a grid with configurable layout
+ Supports multi-cell slots for large objects (e.g. M31, M42, M45)
+ Supports grouping multiple objects in one slot for objects close to each other (e.g. M42 and M43, M31 and M32)
+ Adds a title and progress counter if it's not completed yet
+ Draws labels on images and placeholders for missing ones
+ Adjustable size of the final image
+ Saves as JPEG, PNG or TIFF

https://github.com/sylvainvillet/astro-catalog#features

#space #tech #science #astronomy #astrophotography #photography #code #python #unix #linux #commandline #plotting

2026 February 12

The Bay of Rainbows
* Image Credit & Copyright: Olaf Filzinger
https://www.sternwarte-hofheim.de/galerie/filzinger/index.html

Explanation:
Dark, smooth regions that cover the Moon's familiar face are called by Latin names for oceans and seas. That naming convention is historical, though it may seem a little ironic to denizens of the space age who recognize the Moon as a mostly dry and airless world, and the smooth, dark areas as lava-flooded impact basins. For example, this telescopic lunar vista, looks over the expanse of the northwestern Mare Imbrium, or Sea of Rains and into the Sinus Iridum, the Bay of Rainbows. Ringed by the Jura Mountains (montes), the bay is about 250 kilometers across. Seen after local sunrise, the mountains form part of the Sinus Iridum impact crater wall. Their rugged sunlit arc is bounded at the top by Cape (promontorium) Laplace reaching nearly 3,000 meters above the bay's surface. At the bottom of the arc is Cape Heraclides, depicted by Giovanni Cassini in his 1679 telescope-based drawings mapping the moon as a moon maiden seen in profile with long, flowing hair.
https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/ap250720.html
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lunar_mare
https://www.lindahall.org/experience/digital-exhibitions/mapping-the-moon/
https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/ap220410.html
https://science.nasa.gov/moon/lunar-volcanism/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinus_Iridum
https://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/Feature/4011
https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/ap030619.html
https://www.astronomy.com/observing/sinus-iridum-stirs-the-imagination/
https://stargazerslounge.com/topic/374468-moon-maiden/

https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/ap260212.html

#space #moon #apollo17 #astrophotography #photography #science #astronomy #nature #NASA #education #apod

2026 January 17

Apollo 14: A View from Antares
* Image Credit: Edgar Mitchell, Apollo 14, NASA
https://www.nasa.gov/mission/apollo-14/
https://www.nasa.gov/
+ Mosaic - Eric M. Jones
https://www.hq.nasa.gov/alsj/

Explanation:
Apollo 14's Lunar Module Antares landed on the Moon on February 5, 1971. Toward the end of the stay astronaut Ed Mitchell snapped a series of photos of the lunar surface while looking out a window, assembled into this detailed mosaic by Apollo Lunar Surface Journal editor Eric Jones. The view looks across the Fra Mauro highlands to the northwest of the landing site after the Apollo 14 astronauts had completed their second and final walk on the Moon. Prominent in the foreground is their Modular Equipment Transporter, a two-wheeled, rickshaw-like device used to carry tools and samples. Near the horizon at top center is a 1.5 meter wide boulder dubbed Turtle rock. In the shallow crater below Turtle rock is the long white handle of a sampling instrument, thrown there javelin-style by Mitchell. Mitchell's fellow moonwalker and first American in space, Alan Shepard, also used a makeshift six iron to hit two golf balls. One of Shepard's golf balls is just visible as a white spot below Mitchell's javelin.
https://www.nasa.gov/history/50-years-ago-apollo-14-lands-at-fra-mauro/

#space #moon #apollo17 #astrophotography #photography #science #astronomy #nature #NASA #education #apod

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia:

A keogram
("keo" from "Keoeeit" – Inuit word for "Aurora Borealis") is a way of displaying the intensity of an auroral display, taken from a narrow part of a round screen recorded by a camera, more specifically and ideally in practice a "whole sky camera". These images from the narrow band, which usually face up in the north-south orientation in the Northern Hemisphere and the south-north orientation in the Southern Hemisphere, are collected and form a time-dependent graph of the aurora from that part of the sky. This allows one to easily realize the general activity of the display that night, whether it had been interrupted by weather conditions or not, and allows the determination of the regions in which the aurora was seen in terms of latitude and longitude of the area.

The use of keograms started in the 1970s by Eather et al. to allow a more practical and efficient way of determining the activity of the aurora throughout the recorded night and provide a view of the detailed movements of it, the light of which is also recorded in wavelengths outside of the human visible spectrum. Thus, keograms are also used to analyse the conditions of the equatorial plasma bubbles (EPB) in the ionosphere of the Earth, to estimate its zonal drift at lower latitudes.

This animation illustrates the construction of a keogram. Keogram image generated from the center column of pixels of 997 sequential RGB images using author's software. Each image was a 2 second exposure. Captured at Midnight Dome, Dawson City (Lat 64.067, Long -139.396), on the night of September 6/7, 2021 using an AurorEye portable all-sky imaging camera. Compressed vertically from a 4000px to 240px height.

Date: 7 September 2021
Source: Jeremy Kuzub at Wikimedia

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keogram

FYI: TOPIC> Auroras
https://defcon.social/@grobi/114646611195811889

#space #astronomy #science #physics #astrophotography #photography #nature #solistice #NASA #space_related #space_culture_Club

2022 March 21

The Sky in 2021
* Image Credit & Copyright: Cees Bassa (Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy)
https://www.planetary.org/profiles/cees-bassa
https://www.astron.nl/about/

Explanation:
What if you could see the entire sky -- all at once -- for an entire year? That, very nearly, is what is pictured here. Every 15 minutes during 2021, an all-sky camera took an image of the sky over the Netherlands. Central columns from these images were then aligned and combined to create the featured keogram, with January at the top, December at the bottom, and the middle of the night running vertically just left of center. What do we see? Most obviously, the daytime sky is mostly blue, while the nighttime sky is mostly black. The twelve light bands crossing the night sky are caused by the glow of the Moon. The thinnest part of the black hourglass shape occurs during the summer solstice when days are the longest, while the thickest part occurs at the winter solstice. Yesterday was an equinox -- when night and day were equal -- and the northern-spring equinox from one year ago can actually be located in the keogram -- about three-quarters of the way up.
https://www.nesdis.noaa.gov/about/k-12-education/optical-phenomena/what-solstice
https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/ap220320.html
https://skyandtelescope.org/astronomy-news/how-bright-moon-exactly/
https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/ap220301.html
https://spaceplace.nasa.gov/blue-sky/en/
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Keogram_explainer.gif
https://victoriaweather.ca/keogram.php#:~:text=What%20is%20a%20keogram
https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/ap011119.html

https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/ap220321.html

#space #astronomy #science #physics #astrophotography #photography #nature #solistice #NASA #apod #space_related #space_culture_Club

2025 December 21

Solstice on a Spinning Earth
* Image Credit: Meteosat 9, NASA, Earth Observatory, Robert Simmon
https://www.eumetsat.int/our-satellites/meteosat-series
https://www.nasa.gov/
https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/
https://www.nasa.gov/centers/goddard/about/people/RSimmon.html

Explanation:
Can you tell that today is a solstice by the tilt of the Earth? Yes. At a solstice, the Earth's terminator -- the dividing line between night and day -- is tilted the most. The featured time-lapse video demonstrates this by displaying an entire year on planet Earth in twelve seconds. From geosynchronous orbit, the Meteosat 9 satellite recorded infrared images of the Earth every day at the same local time. The video started at the September 2010 equinox with the terminator line being vertical: an equinox. As the Earth revolved around the Sun, the terminator was seen to tilt in a way that provides less daily sunlight to the northern hemisphere, causing winter in the north. At the most tilt, winter solstice occurred in the north, and summer solstice in the south. As the year progressed, the March 2011 equinox arrived halfway through the video, followed by the terminator tilting the other way, causing winter in the southern hemisphere -- and summer in the north. The captured year ends again with the September equinox, concluding another of the billions of trips the Earth has taken -- and will take
-- around the Sun.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terminator_(solar)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LUW51lvIFjg
https://spaceplace.nasa.gov/all-about-earth/en/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geosynchronous_orbit
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meteosat
https://science.nasa.gov/ems/07_infraredwaves/
https://time.gov/
https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/calendar/ca1009.https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/ap220321.htmlhtml
https://science.nasa.gov/earth/
https://spaceplace.nasa.gov/seasons/en/
https://science.nasa.gov/kids/earth/which-pole-is-colder/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solstice
https://defcon.social/@grobi/115754395753301984
https://www.universetoday.com/articles/why-are-there-seasons
https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/ap220321.html

https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/ap251221.html

#space #astronomy #science #physics #astrophotography #photography #nature #solistice #NASA #apod #space_related #space_culture_Club

19.12.14 at 02.00 PM Peaio’s Bicycle Path (Belluno, Italy).
The Sun was already behind the mountain.
Close to the winter solstice.
They looks like the lines of a car park. They actually are composed of the ice on the road after a short passing of the Sun (less than a hour), leaving the fence’s shadows printed on the ground.
Surprising natural geometries!

On February 2015 we found the opposite situation, white and black: the shadow and the snow.

Music: "Peppino Impastato" composed and performed by Paolo Battaglia.
Maker: Marcella Giulia Pace

https://greenflash.photo/portfolio/tatoo-solar/

#space #astronomy #science #physics #astrophotography #photography #nature #solistice #NASA #apod #space_related #space_culture_Club

2025 December 20

A Solstice Sun Tattoo
* Image Credit & Copyright: Marcella Pace
https://twanight.org/profile/marcella-giulia-pace/confirmed-photos/page/2/
https://greenflash.photo/
https://www.ragusah24.it/2025/09/12/un-altro-prestigioso-premio-per-la-fotografa-marcella-pace/

Explanation:
The word solstice is from the Latin for Sun and to pause or stand still. And in the days surrounding a solstice the Sun's annual north-south drift in planet Earth's sky does slow down, pause, and then reverse direction. So near the solstice the daily path of the Sun through the sky really doesn't change much. In fact, near the December solstice, the Sun's consistent, low arc through northern hemisphere skies, along with low surface temperatures, has left a noticeable imprint on this road to the mountain town of Peaio in northern Italy. The morning frost on the road has melted away only where the sunlight was able to reach the ground. But it remains in the areas persistently shadowed by the fence, tattooing in frost an image of the fence on the asphalt surface.
https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/fap/ap251220.html
https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/ap250102.html
https://earthsky.org/astronomy-essentials/everything-you-need-to-know-december-solstice/
https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/ap110423.html
https://greenflash.photo/portfolio/tatoo-solar/

https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/fap/ap251220.html

#space #astronomy #science #astrophotography #photography #nature #solistice #NASA #apod #space_related #space_culture_Club

Noctilucence Even On Mars!

2021 June 5

The Shining Clouds of Mars
* Image Credit: NASA, JPL-Caltech, MSSS
https://www.nasa.gov/
https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/
https://www.msss.com/

Explanation:
The weathered and layered face of Mount Mercou looms in the foreground of this mosaic from the Curiosity Mars rover's Mast Camera. Made up of 21 individual images the scene was recorded just after sunset on March 19, the 3,063rd martian day of Curiosity's on going exploration of the Red Planet. In the martian twilight high altitude clouds still shine above, reflecting the light from the Sun below the local horizon like the noctilucent clouds of planet Earth. Though water ice clouds drift through the thin martian atmosphere, these wispy clouds are also at extreme altitudes and could be composed of frozen carbon dioxide, crystals of dry ice. Curiosity's Mast Cam has also imaged iridescent or mother of pearl clouds adding subtle colors to the martian sky.

https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/ap210605.ht

#space #mars #atmosphere #noctilucent #astrophotography #photography #science #nature #NASA

2016 July 30

Ripples Through a Dark Sky
* Image Credit & Copyright: P-M Hedén (Clear Skies, TWAN)
https://www.clearskies.se/
https://twanight.org/

Explanation:
Sunlight ripples through a dark sky on this Swedish summer midnight as noctilucent or night shining clouds seem to imitate the river below. In fact, the seasonal clouds often appear at high latitudes in corresponding summer months. Also known as polar mesospheric clouds, they form as water vapor is driven into the cold upper atmosphere. Fine dust supplied by disintegrating meteors or volcanic ash provides sites where water vapor can condense, turning to ice at the cold temperatures in the mesosphere. Poised at the edge of space some 80 kilometers above, these icy clouds really do reflect sunlight toward the ground. They are visible here even though the Sun itself was below the horizon, as seen on July 16 from Sweden's Färnebofjärdens National Park.

https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/ap160730.html

#space #earth #atmosphere #noctilucent #astrophotography #photography #science #nature #NASA

2016 August 11

Perseid, Aurora, and Noctilucent Clouds
* Image Credit & Copyright: Göran Strand
https://astrofotografen.se/

Explanation:
Night skies over northern Sweden can hold some tantalizing sights in August. Gazing toward the Big Dipper, this beautiful skyscape captures three of them in a single frame taken last August 12/13. Though receding from northern skies for the season, night shining or noctilucent clouds are hanging just above the horizon. Extreme altitude icy condensations on meteoric dust, they were caught here just below an early apparition of a lovely green auroral band, also shining near the edge of space. The flash of a Perseid meteor near the peak of the annual shower punctuates the scene. In fact, this year's Perseid shower will peak in the coming days, offering a continuing chance for a night sky photographer's hat trick.

https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/ap160811.html

#space #earth #atmosphere #noctilucent #astrophotography #photography #science #nature #NASA

2017 June 23

Solstice Conjunction over Budapest
* Image Credit & Copyright: György Soponyai
https://www.flickr.com/photos/vanamonde81/

Explanation:
Before a solstice Sun rose on June 21, brilliant Venus and an old crescent Moon posed together over Budapest, Hungary for this predawn skyscape. In the foreground the view looks across the Danube river from Buda to Pest toward the dome and peaks of the Hungarian Parliament building. Low clouds are in silhouette against a twilight sky. But far enough above the eastern horizon to catch the sunlight shines another seasonal apparition on that solstice morning, noctilucent clouds. Seen near sunrise and sunset in summer months at high latitudes, the night-shining clouds are formed as water vapor in the cold upper atmosphere condenses on meteoric dust or volcanic ash near the edge of space.

https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/ap170623.html

#space #earth #atmosphere #noctilucent #astrophotography #photography #science #nature #NASA

2018 June 21

Northern Lights and Noctilucent Clouds
* Image Credit & Copyright: Adrien Mauduit

Explanation:
Luminous skies after the near-solstice sunset on June 17 are reflected in this calm lake. The tranquil twilight scene was captured near Bashaw, Alberta, Canada, northern planet Earth. Usually spotted at high latitudes in summer months, night shining or noctilucent clouds hang just above the horizon, transfusing light into a darker sky. Formed near the edge of space, the icy apparitions are condensations on meteoric dust or volcanic ash still in sunlight at extreme altitudes. Also near the edge of space on this short northern night, solar activity triggered the lovely apparition of aurora borealis or northern lights.

https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/ap180621.html

#space #earth #atmosphere #noctilucent #astrophotography #photography #science #nature #NASA

2018 July 10

Noctilucent Clouds over Paris Fireworks
* Video Credit & Copyright: Jean-Luc Dauvergne (Ciel et Espace)
https://www.cieletespace.fr/

Explanation:
The featured time-lapse video shows expansive and rippled noctilucent clouds wafting over Paris, France, during a post-sunset fireworks celebration on Bastille Day in 2009 July. In that year, several locations have reported especially vivid displays of noctilucent clouds.

https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/ap180710.html

#space #earth #atmosphere #noctilucent #astrophotography #photography #science #nature #NASA

2019 June 26

Noctilucent Clouds, Reflections, and Silhouettes
* Image Credit & Copyright: Peter Simmering

Explanation:
Sometimes it's night on the ground but day in the air. As the Earth rotates to eclipse the Sun, sunset rises up from the ground. Therefore, at sunset on the ground, sunlight still shines on clouds above. Under usual circumstances, a pretty sunset might be visible, but unusual noctilucent clouds float so high up they can be seen well after dark. Normally too dim to be seen, they may become visible just after sunset during the summer when illuminated by sunlight from below. Noctilucent clouds are the highest clouds known and thought to be part of polar mesospheric clouds. Featured here as they appeared two weeks ago, a network of noctilucent clouds was captured not only in the distant sky but in reflection from a small lake just north of Zwolle, Netherlands, with trees in stark silhouette across the horizon. Unusually bright noctilucent clouds continue to appear over much of northern Europe. Much about noctilucent clouds has been discovered only over the past decade, while how they form and evolve remains a topic of active research.

https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/ap190626.html

#space #earth #atmosphere #noctilucent #astrophotography #photography #science #nature #NASA

2019 June 28

A Solstice Night in Paris
* Image Credit & Copyright: Loic Michel

Explanation:
The night of June 21 was the shortest night for planet Earth's northern latitudes, so at latitude 48.9 degrees north, Paris was no exception. Still, the City of Light had an exceptionally luminous evening. Its skies were flooded with silvery night shining or noctilucent clouds after the solstice sunset. Hovering at the edge of space, the icy condensations on meteoric dust or volcanic ash are still in full sunlight at the extreme altitudes of the mesophere. Seen at high latitudes in summer months, stunning, wide spread displays of northern noctilucent clouds are now being reported.

https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/ap190628.html

#space #earth #atmosphere #noctilucent #astrophotography #photography #science #nature #NASA

2020 July 4

Meeting in the Mesosphere
* Image Credit & Copyright: Stephane Vetter (TWAN, Nuits sacrees)
http://www.nuitsacrees.fr/

Explanation:
A sensitive video camera on a summit of the Vosges mountains in France captured these surprising fireworks above a distant horizon on 2020 June 26. Generated over intense thunderstorms, this one about 260 kilometers away, the brief and mysterious flashes have come to be known as red sprites. The transient luminous events are caused by electrical breakdown at altitudes of 50 to 100 kilometers. That puts them in the mesophere, the coldest layer of planet Earth's atmosphere. The glow beneath the sprites is from more familiar lighting though, below the storm clouds. But on the right, the video frames have captured another summertime apparition from the mesophere. The silvery veins of light are polar mesospheric clouds. Also known as noctilucent or night shining clouds, the icy clouds still reflect the sunlight when the Sun is below the horizon.

https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/ap200704.html

#space #earth #atmosphere #noctilucent #astrophotography #photography #science #nature #NASA

2020 July 13
Comet NEOWISE Rising over the Adriatic Sea
* Video Credit & Copyright: Paolo Girotti
https://www.instagram.com/astrogyres/

Explanation:
This sight was worth getting out of bed early. Comet C/2020 F3 (NEOWISE) has been rising before dawn during the past week to the delight of northern sky enthusiasts awake that early. Up before sunrise, the featured photographer was able to capture in dramatic fashion one of the few comets visible to the unaided eye this century, an inner-Solar System intruder that might become known as the Great Comet of 2020. The resulting video details Comet NEOWISE from Italy rising over the Adriatic Sea. The time-lapse video combines over 240 images taken over 30 minutes. The comet is seen rising through a foreground of bright and undulating noctilucent clouds, and before a background of distant stars. Comet NEOWISE has remained unexpectedly bright, so far, with its ion and dust tails found to emanate from a nucleus spanning about five kilometers across. Fortunately, starting tonight, northern observers with a clear and dark northwestern horizon should be able to see the sun-reflecting interplanetary snowball just after sunset.

https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/ap200713.html

#space #earth #atmosphere #noctilucent #astrophotography #photography #science #nature #NASA

2020 July 9

Noctilucent Clouds and Comet NEOWISE
* Image Credit & Copyright: Emmanuel Paoly
https://www.flickr.com/photos/184931432@N04/with/50566410986

Explanation:
These silvery blue waves washing over a tree-lined horizon in the eastern French Alps are noctilucent clouds. From high in planet Earth's mesosphere, they reflect sunlight in this predawn skyscape taken on 2020 July 8. This summer, the night-shining clouds were not new to the northern high-latitudes. Comet NEOWISE is though. Also known as C/2020 F3, the comet was discovered in March by the Earth-orbiting Near Earth Object Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (NEOWISE) satellite. It's now emerging in morning twilight only just visible to the unaided eye from a clear location above the northeastern horizon.

https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/ap200709.html

#space #earth #comet #atmosphere #noctilucent #astrophotography #photography #science #nature #NASA

2021 June 19

Northern Summer Twilight
* Image Credit & Copyright: Justin Anderson

Explanation:
Nights grow shorter and days grow longer as the summer solstice approaches in the north. Usually seen at high latitudes in summer months, noctilucent or night shining clouds begin to make their appearance. Drifting near the edge of space about 80 kilometers above the Earth's surface, these icy clouds were still reflecting the sunlight on June 14. Though the Sun was below the horizon as seen north of Forrest, Manitoba, Canada, they were caught in a single exposure of a near midnight twilight sky. Multiple exposures of the foreground track the lower altitude flash of fireflies, another fleeting apparition shining in the summer night.

https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/ap210619.html

#space #earth #atmosphere #noctilucent #astrophotography #photography #science #nature #NASA

3ML: Framework for multi-wavelength/multi-messenger analysis

ThreeML is supported by National Science Foundation (NSF) https://www.nsf.gov/

FYI:
https://heasarc.gsfc.nasa.gov/xanadu/xspec/

https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015arXiv150708343V/abstract

https://arxiv.org/pdf/1507.08343

#space #code #python #bsd3 #fermi #xspec #hawc #science #astronomy

3ML: Framework for multi-wavelength/multi-messenger analysis

The Multi-Mission Maximum Likelihood framework (3ML) provides a common high-level interface and model definition for coherent and intuitive modeling of sources using all the available data, no matter their origin. Astrophysical sources are observed by different instruments at different wavelengths with an unprecedented quality, and each instrument and data type has its own ad-hoc software and handling procedure. 3ML's architecture is based on plug-ins; the package uses the official software of each instrument under the hood, thus guaranteeing that 3ML is always using the best possible methodology to deal with the data of each instrument. Though Maximum Likelihood is in the name for historical reasons, 3ML is an interface to several Bayesian inference algorithms such as MCMC and nested sampling as well as likelihood optimization algorithms.

https://github.com/threeML/threeML
https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015arXiv150708343V/abstract
https://github.com/threeML/threeML/blob/master/LICENSE
https://news.stanford.edu/stories/2017/12/software-advances-modeling-astronomical-observations

#code #python #bsd3 #fermi #xspec #hawc #science #astronomy