#dairycow — Public Fediverse posts
Live and recent posts from across the Fediverse tagged #dairycow, aggregated by home.social.
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At Uncle Neils Home, Margaret is finally safe. 🐄❤️🩹 #dairycow #dairycows #rescueanimals
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At Uncle Neils Home, Margaret is finally safe. 🐄❤️🩹 #dairycow #dairycows #rescueanimals
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At Uncle Neils Home, Margaret is finally safe. 🐄❤️🩹 #dairycow #dairycows #rescueanimals
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Astro and Cosmo from Critter Creek Farm Sanctuary deserve every moment of joy they can get. 🐮💚 Dairy tears families apart! 💔 Credit: crittercreekfarmsanctuary (IG) #dairycow #cows #cow #rescueanimals #animalsanctuary
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Cows aren’t machines, they’re mothers. 🥺🐮 👉 Pizza Hut: Please Offer Plant-Based Cheese in the US! 🧀 https://veganfta.com/petitions/pizza-hut-please-offer-plant-based-cheese-in-the-us/ 🍕 With farahamberr (IG) Credit: thesavemovement (IG) #vegan #ditchdairy #dairyfree #dairyisscary #dairycow
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Establishing #methods to #monitor #H5N1 #influenza virus in dairy #cattle #milk
Source: MedRxIV, https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.12.04.24318491v1
Abstract
Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza strain H5N1 has caused a multi-state outbreak among US dairy cattle, spreading across 15 states and infecting hundreds of herds since its onset. We rapidly developed and optimized PCR-based detection assays and sequencing protocols to support H5N1 molecular surveillance. Using 214 retail milk from 20 states for methods development, we found that H5N1 concentrations by digital PCR strongly correlated with qPCR cycle threshold (Ct) values, with dPCR exhibiting greater sensitivity. We also found that metagenomic sequencing after hybrid selection was best for higher concentration samples while amplicon sequencing performs best for lower concentrations. By establishing these methods, we were able to support the creation of a statewide surveillance program to test bulk milk samples monthly from all cattle dairy farms within Massachusetts, which remain negative to date. The methods, workflow, and recommendations described here provide a framework for others aiming to conduct H5N1 surveillance efforts.____
#aH5n1 #abstract #avianInfluenza #AVIANINFLUENZA #birdFlu #dairyCow #dairyProducts #diagnosticTests #foodSafety #h5n1 #health #massachusetts #news #research #USA
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A single #mutation in #bovine #influenza #H5N1 #hemagglutinin switches specificity to #human #receptors
Source: Science, https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adt0180
Editor’s summary
In 2021, a highly pathogenic influenza H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b virus was detected in North America that is capable of infecting a diversity of avian species, marine mammals, and humans. In 2024, clade 2.3.4.4b virus spread widely in dairy cattle in the US, causing a few mild human cases, but retaining specificity for avian receptors. Historically, this virus has caused up to 30% fatality in humans, so Lin et al. performed a genetic and structural analysis of the mutations necessary to fully switch host receptor recognition. A single glutamic acid to leucine mutation at residue 226 of the virus hemagglutinin was sufficient to enact the change from avian to human specificity. In nature, the occurrence of this single mutation could be an indicator of human pandemic risk. —Caroline Ash
Abstract
In 2024, several human infections with highly pathogenic clade 2.3.4.4b bovine influenza H5N1 viruses in the United States raised concerns about their capability for bovine-to-human or even human-to-human transmission. In this study, analysis of the hemagglutinin (HA) from the first-reported human-infecting bovine H5N1 virus (A/Texas/37/2024, Texas) revealed avian-type receptor binding preference. Notably, a Gln226Leu substitution switched Texas HA binding specificity to human-type receptors, which was enhanced when combined with an Asn224Lys mutation. Crystal structures of the Texas HA with avian receptor analog LSTa and its Gln226Leu mutant with human receptor analog LSTc elucidated the structural basis for this preferential receptor recognition. These findings highlight the need for continuous surveillance of emerging mutations in avian and bovine clade 2.3.4.4b H5N1 viruses.
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#aH5n1 #abstract #avianInfluenza #AVIANINFLUENZA #birdFlu #dairyCow #h5n1 #health #news #research
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#Influenza A(#H5N1) shedding in #air corresponds to #transmissibility in #mammals
Source: Nature Microbiology, https://www.nature.com/articles/s41564-024-01885-6
Abstract
An increase in spillover events of highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) viruses to mammals suggests selection of viruses that transmit well in mammals. Here we use air-sampling devices to continuously sample infectious influenza viruses expelled by experimentally infected ferrets. The resulting quantitative virus shedding kinetics data resembled ferret-to-ferret transmission studies and indicated that the absence of transmission observed for earlier A(H5N1) viruses was due to a lack of infectious virus shedding in the air, rather than the absence of necessary mammalian adaptation mutations. Whereas infectious human A(H1N1pdm) virus was efficiently shed in the air, infectious 2005 zoonotic and 2024 bovine A(H5N1) viruses were not detected in the air. By contrast, shedding of infectious virus was observed for 1 out of 4 ferrets infected with a 2022 European polecat A(H5N1) virus and a 2024 A(H5N1) virus isolated from a dairy farm worker.____
#aH5n1 #abstract #animalModels #avianInfluenza #AVIANINFLUENZA #birdFlu #dairyCow #h5n1 #health #news #pathogensAirborneTransmission #research
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#Influenza A(#H5N1) shedding in #air corresponds to #transmissibility in #mammals
Source: Nature Microbiology, https://www.nature.com/articles/s41564-024-01885-6
Abstract
An increase in spillover events of highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) viruses to mammals suggests selection of viruses that transmit well in mammals. Here we use air-sampling devices to continuously sample infectious influenza viruses expelled by experimentally infected ferrets. The resulting quantitative virus shedding kinetics data resembled ferret-to-ferret transmission studies and indicated that the absence of transmission observed for earlier A(H5N1) viruses was due to a lack of infectious virus shedding in the air, rather than the absence of necessary mammalian adaptation mutations. Whereas infectious human A(H1N1pdm) virus was efficiently shed in the air, infectious 2005 zoonotic and 2024 bovine A(H5N1) viruses were not detected in the air. By contrast, shedding of infectious virus was observed for 1 out of 4 ferrets infected with a 2022 European polecat A(H5N1) virus and a 2024 A(H5N1) virus isolated from a dairy farm worker.____
#aH5n1 #abstract #animalModels #avianInfluenza #AVIANINFLUENZA #birdFlu #dairyCow #h5n1 #health #news #pathogensAirborneTransmission #research
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#Influenza A(#H5N1) shedding in #air corresponds to #transmissibility in #mammals
Source: Nature Microbiology, https://www.nature.com/articles/s41564-024-01885-6
Abstract
An increase in spillover events of highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) viruses to mammals suggests selection of viruses that transmit well in mammals. Here we use air-sampling devices to continuously sample infectious influenza viruses expelled by experimentally infected ferrets. The resulting quantitative virus shedding kinetics data resembled ferret-to-ferret transmission studies and indicated that the absence of transmission observed for earlier A(H5N1) viruses was due to a lack of infectious virus shedding in the air, rather than the absence of necessary mammalian adaptation mutations. Whereas infectious human A(H1N1pdm) virus was efficiently shed in the air, infectious 2005 zoonotic and 2024 bovine A(H5N1) viruses were not detected in the air. By contrast, shedding of infectious virus was observed for 1 out of 4 ferrets infected with a 2022 European polecat A(H5N1) virus and a 2024 A(H5N1) virus isolated from a dairy farm worker.____
#aH5n1 #abstract #animalModels #avianInfluenza #AVIANINFLUENZA #birdFlu #dairyCow #h5n1 #health #news #pathogensAirborneTransmission #research
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#Influenza A(#H5N1) shedding in #air corresponds to #transmissibility in #mammals
Source: Nature Microbiology, https://www.nature.com/articles/s41564-024-01885-6
Abstract
An increase in spillover events of highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) viruses to mammals suggests selection of viruses that transmit well in mammals. Here we use air-sampling devices to continuously sample infectious influenza viruses expelled by experimentally infected ferrets. The resulting quantitative virus shedding kinetics data resembled ferret-to-ferret transmission studies and indicated that the absence of transmission observed for earlier A(H5N1) viruses was due to a lack of infectious virus shedding in the air, rather than the absence of necessary mammalian adaptation mutations. Whereas infectious human A(H1N1pdm) virus was efficiently shed in the air, infectious 2005 zoonotic and 2024 bovine A(H5N1) viruses were not detected in the air. By contrast, shedding of infectious virus was observed for 1 out of 4 ferrets infected with a 2022 European polecat A(H5N1) virus and a 2024 A(H5N1) virus isolated from a dairy farm worker.____
#aH5n1 #abstract #animalModels #avianInfluenza #AVIANINFLUENZA #birdFlu #dairyCow #h5n1 #health #news #pathogensAirborneTransmission #research
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Polygenic #Determinants of #H5N1 #Adaptation to Bovine Cells
Source: BioRxIV, https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.29.626120v1
Abstract
H5N1 avian influenza virus (lineage 2.3.4.4b, B3.13 genotype) has caused, unexpectedly, a large outbreak in dairy cattle in North America. It is critical to ascertain how this virus has specifically adapted to bovine cells and the molecular determinants of this process. Here, we focused on the contribution of the viral internal genomic segments of H5N1 B3.13 to bovine cells adaptation. We generated 45 reassortant viruses harbouring the haemagglutinin and neuraminidase from A/Puerto Rico/8/1934 and internal gene constellations from several influenza A viruses (IAV) or carrying segment swaps between distinct H5N1 strains. The recombinant B3.13 viruses displayed faster replication kinetics in bovine cells compared to other IAV. Importantly, multiple genomic segments of B3.13 viruses contribute to their faster replicative fitness. Further, recombinants with the B3.13 internal genes were less susceptible than ancestral 2.3.4.4b strain to the bovine IFN response. However, bovine (and human) MX1, a key restriction factor for avian IAV, restricted both ancestral 2.3.4.4b and B3.13 recombinant viruses. Interestingly, the latter escape restriction from human BTN3A3. Finally, recombinant B3.13 was virulent in mice unlike the ancestor 2.3.4.4b recombinant virus. Our results highlight the polygenic nature of influenza host range as multiple internal genes of B3.13 contribute to bovine adaptation.____
#aH5n1 #abstract #animalModels #avianInfluenza #AVIANINFLUENZA #birdFlu #dairyCow #h5n1 #health #news #research #viralPathogenesis
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First #Report of #Influenza D Virus in Dairy #Cattle in #Pakistan
Source: Viruses, https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/16/12/1865
Abstract
Influenza D virus (IDV) is a newly emerged zoonotic virus increasingly reported worldwide. Cattle are considered the main reservoir of IDV, although it was first isolated from pigs. IDV infects multiple animal species and contributes to the bovine respiratory disease complex (BRDC). To date, there has been no report on the presence and frequency of IDV among cattle herds in Pakistan. In this study, we collected nasal swabs from cattle and performed virological surveillance of IDV via qRT-PCR. Among 376 swab samples, IDV was detected in 9 samples (2.4%). Four dairy cattle farms were positive for IDV; two IDV-positive samples (two/nine, 22.2%) belonged to asymptomatic cattle, while seven IDV-positive samples (seven/nine, 77.8%) were from cattle showing respiratory clinical signs, including two with a recent history of abortion and mastitis. Partial sequences of the hemagglutinin–esterase-fusion gene of IDV were obtained from nine qRT-PCR-positive samples. Notably, all IDV strains in this study clustered within the D/OK lineages in phylogenetic analysis. A 98.8–99.6% genetic identity to its European and US counterparts indicates that the IDVs are closely related. The D/OK lineage of IDV was previously unreported in Pakistan. This is the first report of IDV in Pakistan. We confirmed that IDV is circulating among cattle herds in Pakistan. This study underscores the importance of virological surveillance to monitor the ecology of IDV for better animal and public health. The continued spread of IDV and its adaptation to various hosts necessitate further epidemiological studies.____
#abstract #cattle #dairyCow #health #influenzaD #news #pakistan #research
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Enhanced #encephalitic #tropism of #bovine #H5N1 compared to the #Vietnam #H5N1 isolate in #mice
Source: BioRxIV, https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.19.624162v1
Abstract
In recent years, the landscape of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) virus infections has shifted, as evidenced by an increase in infections among mammals. This includes the recent circulation of H5N1 in dairy cattle herds in the USA and a rise in associated human cases. In this study, we investigated differences in tissue tropism of two HPAI H5N1 strains, the isolate A/Vietnam/1203/2004 (VN1203) isolated from a fatal human case in 2004 and the bovine isolate A/Bovine/Ohio/B24osu-342/2024 (Bov342) isolated in 2024, in C57BL/6J mice. Infection with either HPAI H5N1 isolate was uniformly lethal in mice. However, tissue tropism differed significantly: while VN1203 replication was largely restricted to the respiratory tract, Bov342 successfully replicated in the respiratory tract as well as various regions of the brain. Bov342-challenged animals exhibited clinical signs consistent with central nervous system (CNS) infection, and infectious virus was detected in brain tissue. Correspondingly, cytokine profiles in the brain differed significantly between the isolates. Notably, in addition to abundant evidence of CNS infection in Bov342-challenged mice via immunohistochemistry, sporadic intranuclear and intracytoplasmic immunoreactivity was observed in other tissues in the head, including the choroid plexus, retina, and inner ear. This study demonstrates that while both HPAI H5N1 isolates are uniformly lethal in C57BL/6J mice upon aerosol exposure, significant differences exist in tissue tropism, with Bov342 resulting in respiratory disease as well as increased neurotropism and inflammation in the brain and nasal turbinates compared to VN1203, which predominantly induces respiratory disease.____
#research #abstract #avianInfluenza #aH5n1 #animalModels #neuroinvasion #animalHealth #health #news #birdFlu #h5n1 #AVIANINFLUENZA #dairyCow
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Avian #influenza A (#H5N1) virus in dairy #cattle: #origin, #evolution, and cross-species #transmission
Source: mBio, https://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/mbio.02542-24
ABSTRACT
Since the emergence of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) H5N1 of clade 2.3.4.4b as a novel reassortant virus from subtype H5N8, the virus has led to a massive number of outbreaks worldwide in wild and domestic birds. Compared to the parental HPAIV H5N8 clade 2.3.4.4b, the novel reassortant HPAIV H5N1 displayed an increased ability to escape species barriers and infect multiple mammalian species, including humans. The virus host range has been recently expanded to include ruminants, particularly dairy cattle in the United States, where cattle-to-cattle transmission was reported. As with the avian 2.3.4.4.b H5N1 viruses, the cattle-infecting virus was found to transmit from cattle to other contact animals including cats, raccoons, rodents, opossums, and poultry. Although replication of the virus in cows appears to be mainly confined to the mammary tissue, with high levels of viral loads detected in milk, infected cats and poultry showed severe respiratory disease, neurologic signs, and eventually died. Furthermore, several human infections with HPAIV H5N1 have also been reported in dairy farm workers and were attributed to exposures to infected dairy cattle. This is believed to represent the first mammalian-to-human transmission report of the HPAIV H5N1. Fortunately, infection in humans and cows, as opposed to other animals, appears to be mild in most cases. Nevertheless, the H5N1 bovine outbreak represents the largest outbreak of the H5N1 in a domestic mammal close to humans, increasing the risk that this already mammalian adapted H5N1 further adapts to human-to-human transmission and starts a pandemic. Herein, we discuss the epidemiology, evolution, pathogenesis, and potential impact of the recently identified HPAIV H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b in dairy cattle in the United States. Eventually, interdisciplinary cooperation under a One Health framework is required to be able to control this ongoing HPAIV H5N1 outbreak to stop it before further expansion of its host range and geographical distribution._____
#aH5n1 #aH5n8 #abstract #avianInfluenza #AVIANINFLUENZA #birdFlu #cats #dairyCow #h5n1 #health #human #news #pandemicInfluenza #poultry #reassortantStrain #research #USA
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Source: US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/73/wr/mm7344a3.htm?s_cid=mm7344a3_e&ACSTrackingID=USCDC_921-DM140166&ACSTrackingLabel=This%20Week%20in%20MMWR%3A%20Vol.%2073%2C%20November%207%2C%202024&deliveryName=USCDC_921-DM140166
Summary
What is already known about this topic?
Infections with highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) A(H5) viruses have been detected sporadically in dairy farm workers in the United States since April 2024. Public health response efforts include active monitoring of workers exposed to HPAI A(H5) virus for illness.
What is added by this report?
Health officials conducted surveys and serologic testing to identify recent HPAI A(H5) infections among dairy workers in two states. Serologic testing indicated that 7% of participating dairy workers had evidence of recent infection with HPAI A(H5) virus.What are the implications for public health practice?
The findings support the need for active monitoring of exposed workers and testing to detect and treat HPAI A(H5) infections, including those in persons with very mild symptoms. These efforts should be coupled with farmworker education about infection risks and prevention measures.
Abstract
Since April 2024, sporadic infections with highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) A(H5) viruses have been detected among dairy farm workers in the United States. To date, infections have mostly been detected through worker monitoring, and have been mild despite the possibility of more severe illness. During June–August 2024, CDC collaborated with the Michigan Department of Health and Human Services and the Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment to implement cross-sectional serologic surveys to ascertain the prevalence of recent infection with HPAI A(H5) virus among dairy workers. In both states, a convenience sample of persons who work in dairies was interviewed, and blood specimens were collected. Among 115 persons, eight (7%; 95% CI = 3.6%–13.1%) had serologic evidence of recent infection with A(H5) virus; all reported milking cows or cleaning the milking parlor. Among persons with serologic evidence of infection, four recalled being ill around the time cows were ill; symptoms began before or within a few days of A(H5) virus detections among cows. This finding supports the need to identify and implement strategies to prevent transmission among dairy cattle to reduce worker exposures and for education and outreach to dairy workers concerning prevention, symptoms, and where to seek medical care if the workers develop symptoms. Timely identification of infected herds can support rapid initiation of monitoring, testing, and treatment for human illness, including mild illness, among exposed dairy workers.____
#aH5n1 #abstract #avianInfluenza #AVIANINFLUENZA #birdFlu #colorado #dairyCow #h5n1 #health #human #michigan #news #occupationalHealth #research #serology #USCDC #USA
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Source: US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/73/wr/mm7344a3.htm?s_cid=mm7344a3_e&ACSTrackingID=USCDC_921-DM140166&ACSTrackingLabel=This%20Week%20in%20MMWR%3A%20Vol.%2073%2C%20November%207%2C%202024&deliveryName=USCDC_921-DM140166
Summary
What is already known about this topic?
Infections with highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) A(H5) viruses have been detected sporadically in dairy farm workers in the United States since April 2024. Public health response efforts include active monitoring of workers exposed to HPAI A(H5) virus for illness.
What is added by this report?
Health officials conducted surveys and serologic testing to identify recent HPAI A(H5) infections among dairy workers in two states. Serologic testing indicated that 7% of participating dairy workers had evidence of recent infection with HPAI A(H5) virus.What are the implications for public health practice?
The findings support the need for active monitoring of exposed workers and testing to detect and treat HPAI A(H5) infections, including those in persons with very mild symptoms. These efforts should be coupled with farmworker education about infection risks and prevention measures.
Abstract
Since April 2024, sporadic infections with highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) A(H5) viruses have been detected among dairy farm workers in the United States. To date, infections have mostly been detected through worker monitoring, and have been mild despite the possibility of more severe illness. During June–August 2024, CDC collaborated with the Michigan Department of Health and Human Services and the Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment to implement cross-sectional serologic surveys to ascertain the prevalence of recent infection with HPAI A(H5) virus among dairy workers. In both states, a convenience sample of persons who work in dairies was interviewed, and blood specimens were collected. Among 115 persons, eight (7%; 95% CI = 3.6%–13.1%) had serologic evidence of recent infection with A(H5) virus; all reported milking cows or cleaning the milking parlor. Among persons with serologic evidence of infection, four recalled being ill around the time cows were ill; symptoms began before or within a few days of A(H5) virus detections among cows. This finding supports the need to identify and implement strategies to prevent transmission among dairy cattle to reduce worker exposures and for education and outreach to dairy workers concerning prevention, symptoms, and where to seek medical care if the workers develop symptoms. Timely identification of infected herds can support rapid initiation of monitoring, testing, and treatment for human illness, including mild illness, among exposed dairy workers.____
#aH5n1 #abstract #avianInfluenza #AVIANINFLUENZA #birdFlu #colorado #dairyCow #h5n1 #health #human #michigan #news #occupationalHealth #research #serology #USCDC #USA
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Source: US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/73/wr/mm7344a3.htm?s_cid=mm7344a3_e&ACSTrackingID=USCDC_921-DM140166&ACSTrackingLabel=This%20Week%20in%20MMWR%3A%20Vol.%2073%2C%20November%207%2C%202024&deliveryName=USCDC_921-DM140166
Summary
What is already known about this topic?
Infections with highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) A(H5) viruses have been detected sporadically in dairy farm workers in the United States since April 2024. Public health response efforts include active monitoring of workers exposed to HPAI A(H5) virus for illness.
What is added by this report?
Health officials conducted surveys and serologic testing to identify recent HPAI A(H5) infections among dairy workers in two states. Serologic testing indicated that 7% of participating dairy workers had evidence of recent infection with HPAI A(H5) virus.What are the implications for public health practice?
The findings support the need for active monitoring of exposed workers and testing to detect and treat HPAI A(H5) infections, including those in persons with very mild symptoms. These efforts should be coupled with farmworker education about infection risks and prevention measures.
Abstract
Since April 2024, sporadic infections with highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) A(H5) viruses have been detected among dairy farm workers in the United States. To date, infections have mostly been detected through worker monitoring, and have been mild despite the possibility of more severe illness. During June–August 2024, CDC collaborated with the Michigan Department of Health and Human Services and the Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment to implement cross-sectional serologic surveys to ascertain the prevalence of recent infection with HPAI A(H5) virus among dairy workers. In both states, a convenience sample of persons who work in dairies was interviewed, and blood specimens were collected. Among 115 persons, eight (7%; 95% CI = 3.6%–13.1%) had serologic evidence of recent infection with A(H5) virus; all reported milking cows or cleaning the milking parlor. Among persons with serologic evidence of infection, four recalled being ill around the time cows were ill; symptoms began before or within a few days of A(H5) virus detections among cows. This finding supports the need to identify and implement strategies to prevent transmission among dairy cattle to reduce worker exposures and for education and outreach to dairy workers concerning prevention, symptoms, and where to seek medical care if the workers develop symptoms. Timely identification of infected herds can support rapid initiation of monitoring, testing, and treatment for human illness, including mild illness, among exposed dairy workers.____
#aH5n1 #abstract #avianInfluenza #AVIANINFLUENZA #birdFlu #colorado #dairyCow #h5n1 #health #human #michigan #news #occupationalHealth #research #serology #USCDC #USA
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Source: US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/73/wr/mm7344a3.htm?s_cid=mm7344a3_e&ACSTrackingID=USCDC_921-DM140166&ACSTrackingLabel=This%20Week%20in%20MMWR%3A%20Vol.%2073%2C%20November%207%2C%202024&deliveryName=USCDC_921-DM140166
Summary
What is already known about this topic?
Infections with highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) A(H5) viruses have been detected sporadically in dairy farm workers in the United States since April 2024. Public health response efforts include active monitoring of workers exposed to HPAI A(H5) virus for illness.
What is added by this report?
Health officials conducted surveys and serologic testing to identify recent HPAI A(H5) infections among dairy workers in two states. Serologic testing indicated that 7% of participating dairy workers had evidence of recent infection with HPAI A(H5) virus.What are the implications for public health practice?
The findings support the need for active monitoring of exposed workers and testing to detect and treat HPAI A(H5) infections, including those in persons with very mild symptoms. These efforts should be coupled with farmworker education about infection risks and prevention measures.
Abstract
Since April 2024, sporadic infections with highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) A(H5) viruses have been detected among dairy farm workers in the United States. To date, infections have mostly been detected through worker monitoring, and have been mild despite the possibility of more severe illness. During June–August 2024, CDC collaborated with the Michigan Department of Health and Human Services and the Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment to implement cross-sectional serologic surveys to ascertain the prevalence of recent infection with HPAI A(H5) virus among dairy workers. In both states, a convenience sample of persons who work in dairies was interviewed, and blood specimens were collected. Among 115 persons, eight (7%; 95% CI = 3.6%–13.1%) had serologic evidence of recent infection with A(H5) virus; all reported milking cows or cleaning the milking parlor. Among persons with serologic evidence of infection, four recalled being ill around the time cows were ill; symptoms began before or within a few days of A(H5) virus detections among cows. This finding supports the need to identify and implement strategies to prevent transmission among dairy cattle to reduce worker exposures and for education and outreach to dairy workers concerning prevention, symptoms, and where to seek medical care if the workers develop symptoms. Timely identification of infected herds can support rapid initiation of monitoring, testing, and treatment for human illness, including mild illness, among exposed dairy workers.____
#aH5n1 #abstract #avianInfluenza #AVIANINFLUENZA #birdFlu #colorado #dairyCow #h5n1 #health #human #michigan #news #occupationalHealth #research #serology #USCDC #USA
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Source: US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/73/wr/mm7344a2.htm?s_cid=mm7344a2_e&ACSTrackingID=USCDC_921-DM140166&ACSTrackingLabel=This%20Week%20in%20MMWR%3A%20Vol.%2073%2C%20November%207%2C%202024&deliveryName=USCDC_921-DM140166
Summary:
What is already known about this topic?
Use of personal protective equipment (PPE) by farmworkers can protect them when they are working with highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1)–infected cows.
What is added by this report?
Dairy farmworkers in Colorado who were interviewed about PPE use during work activities with ill cows reported 28% higher use of PPE after detection of A(H5N1) virus on the farm than before detection, including a 40% increase in reported use of eye protection during milking. Reported use of respirators and other masks was low.
What are the implications for public health practice?
Establishing strong relationships between public health agencies and agricultural organizations to communicate public health risk and protective practices on U.S. farms after detection of A(H5N1) in cows, and early distribution of PPE before A(H5N1) virus detection, might increase PPE use once an A(H5N1) outbreak is identified.
Abstract
The risk for transmission of highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) virus from dairy cows to humans is currently low; however, personal protective equipment (PPE) use during work activities on dairy farms has not been well described. PPE use can protect farmworkers when they are working with highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1)–infected cows. The Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment (CDPHE) and the Colorado Department of Agriculture (CDA) offered PPE to all Colorado farms before or during an A(H5N1) outbreak in cows in 2024. CDPHE surveyed 83 dairy workers from three farms with a confirmed bovine A(H5N1) outbreak. Frequently reported farm worker activities included milking cows or working in the milking parlor (51%), cleaning cow manure (49%), and transporting cows (46%). Frequently reported PPE items available to workers before A(H5N1) outbreaks included gloves (88%), eye protection (e.g., safety glasses or goggles) (76%), rubber boots or boot covers (71%), and head covers (69%). N95 respirator use was low among workers who were exposed to ill cows after detection of A(H5N1) virus (26%). PPE use while working with ill cows increased a mean of 28% after detection of A(H5N1) virus on surveyed farms; use of eye protection while milking cows increased the most (40%). Public health PPE distribution, education, and collaboration with CDA might have increased PPE use on dairy farms with A(H5N1) virus–infected cows and mitigated risk for farmworkers acquiring A(H5N1) virus._____
#aH5n1 #abstract #avianInfluenza #AVIANINFLUENZA #birdFlu #colorado #dairyCow #h5n1 #health #news #occupationalHealth #PPE #research #USCDC #USA
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Source: BioRxIV, https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.01.621606v1?rss=1
Abstract
The ongoing outbreak of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 of the clade 2.3.4.4b in dairy cows has led to numerous questions including how the virus transmits amongst cattle given the limited respiratory infection. One hypothesis is that the virus is spreading through fomites from udder to udder. In these studies, we demonstrate that intraductal inoculation of H5N1 but not H1N1 influenza virus results in infection in mice. This model will be useful to our understanding of the impact of influenza virus on the mammary gland, the potential as a new route of transmission, and can be used to assess if antiviral treatments prevent infections in the mammary gland.____
#aH5n1 #abstract #animalModels #avianInfluenza #dairyCow #research
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Source: BioRxIV, https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.29.620905v1
Abstract
The host range of HPAIV H5N1 was recently expanded to include ruminants, particularly dairy cattle in the United States. Shortly after, human H5N1 infection was reported in a dairy worker in Texas following exposure to infected cattle. Herein, we rescued the cattle-origin influenza A/bovine/Texas/24-029328-02/2024(H5N1, rHPbTX) and A/Texas/37/2024(H5N1, rHPhTX) viruses, identified in dairy cattle and human, respectively, and their low pathogenic forms, rLPbTX and rLPhTX, with monobasic HA cleavage sites. Intriguingly, rHPhTX replicated more efficiently than rHPbTX in mammalian and avian cells. Still, variations in the PA and NA proteins did not affect their antiviral susceptibility to PA and NA inhibitors. Compared to rHPbTX and rLPbTX, the rHPhTX and rLPhTX exhibited higher pathogenicity and efficient replication in infected C57BL/6J mice. The lungs of rHPhTX-infected mice produced higher inflammatory cytokines/chemokines than rHPbTX-infected mice. Our results highlight potential risk of HPAIV H5N1 virus adaptation in human and/or dairy cattle during the current multistate/multispecies outbreak.____
#aH5n1 #abstract #animalModels #avianInfluenza #AVIANINFLUENZA #birdFlu #dairyCow #h5n1 #health #human #news #research
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പശുക്കളുടെ പാൽ ഉൽപാദനം എങ്ങനെ വർധിപ്പിക്കാം??
ഡയറി ഫാമിന്റെ ഗുണനിലവാരവും എങ്ങനെ വർധിപ്പിക്കാം??
പശുക്കളുടെ ആരോഗ്യം എങ്ങനെ സംരക്ഷിക്കാം..??
കേരളത്തിലെ 🐄 ക്ഷീര കര്ഷകര് നേരിടുന്ന ഒട്ടനവധി സംശയങ്ങൾക്ക് പരിഹാരമായി "ഫാംസ് ഡയറി" ഒപ്പമുണ്ട്.! ക്ഷീര കര്ഷകര് നേരിടുന്ന പ്രതിസന്ധികൾക്ക് പരിഹാരമേകി വരുമാനം വർദ്ധിപ്പിക്കാൻ ഫാംസ് ഡയറി സഹായിക്കും!!🌐 www.farmsdairy.com
📲 +91 8589004405📍Edappally, Ernakulam
#FarmsDairy #HappyCowHappyFarmer #CowFarmers #MilkProducers #DairyCow #DairyFarm -
ഡയറി ഫാമിന്റെ ഗുണനിലവാരവും ഉൽപാദനശേഷിയും എങ്ങനെ വർധിപ്പിക്കാം??
കേരളത്തിലെ 🐄 ക്ഷീര കര്ഷകര് നേരിടുന്ന സംശയങ്ങൾക്ക് പരിഹാരമായി "ഫാംസ് ഡയറി" ഒപ്പമുണ്ട്.! ക്ഷീര കര്ഷകര് നേരിടുന്ന പ്രതിസന്ധികൾക്ക് പരിഹാരമേകി വരുമാനം വർദ്ധിപ്പിക്കാൻ ഫാംസ് ഡയറി നിങ്ങളെ സഹായിക്കും!!
ഞങ്ങളുടെ സേവനങ്ങളിൽ
☑️കന്നുകാലി പരിപാലനം,
☑️പാൽ ഉൽപാദനം എങ്ങനെ വർധിപ്പിക്കാം,
☑️സാമ്പത്തിക വിശകലനം എന്നിവയും മറ്റും ഉൾപ്പെടുന്നു.📍Edappally, Ernakulam
#FarmsDairy #HappyCowHappyFarmer #CowFarmers #MilkProducers #DairyCow #DairyFarm -
ഡയറി ഫാമിന്റെ ഗുണനിലവാരവും ഉൽപാദനശേഷിയും വർദ്ധിപ്പിച്ച്
കാര്യക്ഷമവും സമൃദ്ധവുമായ ഒരു ഡയറി ഫാം വികസിപ്പിച്ചെടുക്കാം!
🐄 ക്ഷീര കര്ഷകര് നേരിടുന്ന സംശയങ്ങൾക്ക് പരിഹാരമായി "ഫാംസ് ഡയറി" ഒപ്പമുണ്ട്.! ക്ഷീര കര്ഷകര് നേരിടുന്ന പ്രതിസന്ധികൾക്ക് പരിഹാരമേകി വരുമാനം വർദ്ധിപ്പിക്കാൻ ഫാംസ് ഡയറി നിങ്ങളെ സഹായിക്കും!!പശുക്കളുടെ പരിചരണം ശാസ്ത്രീയമായാൽ കൂടുതൽ ലാഭകരവും എളുപ്പവുമാകും!!
🌐 www.farmsdairy.com
📲 +91 8589004405
📲 +91 8589004462#HappyCowHappyFarmer #CowFarmers #MilkProducers #DairyCow #DairyFarm
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പശുക്കിടാങ്ങളെ ആരോഗ്യവും മികച്ച ഉത്പാദനശേഷിയുമുളള പശുക്കളായി മാറ്റുന്നതിനായി അത്യധികം ശ്രദ്ധയും ശാസ്ത്രീയ പരിപാലനവും അത്യാവശ്യമാണ്.!
🐄 പശുക്കളുടെ പരിചരണം ശാസ്ത്രീയമായാൽ കൂടുതൽ ലാഭകരവും എളുപ്പവുമാകും.ക്ഷീരമേഖലയിലെ അറിവുകൾക്കായി ഉടൻ വിളിക്കൂ
📲 +91 8589004405
📲 +91 8589004462
📲 +91 8589004471
🌐 www.farmsdairy.com
📍Edappally, Ernakulam
#FarmsDairy #HappyCowHappyFarmer #CowFarmers #MilkProducers #DairyCow #DairyFarm #HealthyCalves #CalfCare #NourishYourCalves -
Looking to take your 🐄 dairy farm to the next level of success?
Partner with us!
Our team has the expertise and resources to help you maximize your profits and increase the efficiency of your operations. Whether you're looking to expand your herd, optimize your feed management, or improve your milk quality, we've got you covered.Contact us today to learn more about how we can help your dairy farm thrive.
#FarmsDairy #HappyCowHappyFarmer #CowFarmers #MilkProducers #DairyCow
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⁉️പശു വളർത്തൽ വൻ ലാഭത്തിൽ എത്തിക്കാൻ കഴിയാത്തത് എന്തുകൊണ്ടാണ് ?
‼️എങ്ങനെ പശു വളർത്തൽ ലാഭകരമാക്കാം?
☑️പശുക്കളുടെ ശരിയായ ആരോഗ്യപരിപാലന രീതികൾ എന്തെല്ലാം?
പശുക്കളുടെ പരിചരണം ശാസ്ത്രീയമായാൽ കൂടുതൽ ലാഭകരവും എളുപ്പവുമാകും.ക്ഷീരമേഖലയിലെ അറിവുകൾക്കായി ഉടൻ വിളിക്കൂ..
📲 +91 8589004405
📲 +91 8589004462
📲 +91 8589004471
🌐 www.farmsdairy.com
📍Edappally, Ernakulam
#FarmsDairy #HappyCowHappyFarmer #CowFarmers #MilkProducers #DairyCow #DairyFarm -
Looking to take your 🐄 dairy farm to the next level of success?
Partner with us!
Our team has the expertise and resources to help you maximize your profits and increase the efficiency of your operations. Whether you're looking to expand your herd, optimize your feed management, or improve your milk quality, we've got you covered.🌐 www.farmsdairy.com
📲 +91 8589004405
📲 +91 8589004462
📲 +91 8589004471
📍Edappally, Ernakulam#FarmsDairy #HappyCowHappyFarmer #CowFarmers #MilkProducers #DairyCow
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പശുക്കളുടെ പാൽ ഉൽപാദനം എങ്ങനെ വർധിപ്പിക്കാം??
ഡയറി ഫാമിന്റെ ഗുണനിലവാരവും എങ്ങനെ വർധിപ്പിക്കാം??
പശുക്കളുടെ ആരോഗ്യം എങ്ങനെ സംരക്ഷിക്കാം..??പശുക്കളുടെ പരിചരണം ശാസ്ത്രീയമായാൽ കൂടുതൽ ലാഭകരവും എളുപ്പവുമാകും. ക്ഷീരമേഖലയിലെ അറിവുകൾക്കായി ഉടൻ വിളിക്കൂ...
🌐 www.farmsdairy.com
📲 +91 8589004405
📲 +91 8589004462
📲 +91 8589004471
📍Edappally, Ernakulam
#FarmsDairy #HappyCowHappyFarmer #CowFarmers #MilkProducers #DairyCow #DairyFarm -
Looking to take your 🐄 dairy farm to the next level of success?
Partner with us!
Our team has the expertise and resources to help you maximize your profits and increase the efficiency of your operations. Whether you're looking to expand your herd, optimize your feed management, or improve your milk quality, we've got you covered.Contact us today to learn more about how we can help your dairy farm thrive.
#FarmsDairy #HappyCowHappyFarmer #CowFarmers #MilkProducers #DairyCow
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❗ഡയറി ഫാമിന്റെ ഗുണനിലവാരവും ഉൽപാദനശേഷിയും എങ്ങനെ വർധിപ്പിക്കാം??
❗പശു വളർത്തൽ എങ്ങനെ ലാഭകരമാക്കാം?
🐄 ക്ഷീര കര്ഷകര് നേരിടുന്ന സംശയങ്ങൾക്ക് പരിഹാരമായി "ഫാംസ് ഡയറി" ഒപ്പമുണ്ട്.! ക്ഷീര കര്ഷകര് നേരിടുന്ന പ്രതിസന്ധികൾക്ക് പരിഹാരമേകി വരുമാനം വർദ്ധിപ്പിക്കാൻ ഫാംസ് ഡയറി നിങ്ങളെ സഹായിക്കും!!🌐 www.farmsdairy.com
📲 +91 8589004405
📲 +91 8589004462
📲 +91 8589004471
📍Edappally, Ernakulam
#FarmsDairy #HappyCowHappyFarmer #CowFarmers #MilkProducers #DairyCow #DairyFarm -
പശുക്കളുടെ പാൽ ഉൽപാദനം എങ്ങനെ വർധിപ്പിക്കാം??
ഡയറി ഫാമിന്റെ ഗുണനിലവാരവും എങ്ങനെ വർധിപ്പിക്കാം??
പശുക്കളുടെ ആരോഗ്യം എങ്ങനെ സംരക്ഷിക്കാം..??
കേരളത്തിലെ 🐄 ക്ഷീര കര്ഷകര് നേരിടുന്ന ഒട്ടനവധി സംശയങ്ങൾക്ക് പരിഹാരമായി "ഫാംസ് ഡയറി" ഒപ്പമുണ്ട്.! ക്ഷീര കര്ഷകര് നേരിടുന്ന പ്രതിസന്ധികൾക്ക് പരിഹാരമേകി വരുമാനം വർദ്ധിപ്പിക്കാൻ ഫാംസ് ഡയറി സഹായിക്കും!!📍Edappally, Ernakulam
#FarmsDairy #HappyCowHappyFarmer #CowFarmers #MilkProducers #DairyCow #DairyFarm -
പശു വളർത്തൽ എന്തുകൊണ്ടാണ് നഷ്ടത്തിലേക്ക് പോകാനുള്ള കാരണം?
എങ്ങനെ പശു വളർത്തൽ ലാഭകരമാക്കാം?
പശുക്കളുടെ പരിചരണം ശാസ്ത്രീയമായാൽ കൂടുതൽ ലാഭകരവും എളുപ്പവുമാകും.
കേരളത്തിലെ 🐄 ക്ഷീര കര്ഷകര് നേരിടുന്ന സംശയങ്ങൾക്ക് പരിഹാരമായി "ഫാംസ് ഡയറി" ഒപ്പമുണ്ട്.! ക്ഷീര കര്ഷകര് നേരിടുന്ന പ്രതിസന്ധികൾക്ക് പരിഹാരമേകി വരുമാനം വർദ്ധിപ്പിക്കാനും ഫാംസ് ഡയറി നിങ്ങളെ സഹായിക്കും!!🌐 www.farmsdairy.com
📍Edappally, Ernakulam
#FarmsDairy #HappyCowHappyFarmer #CowFarmers #MilkProducers #DairyCow #DairyFarm -
❗ഡയറി ഫാമിന്റെ ഗുണനിലവാരവും ഉൽപാദനശേഷിയും എങ്ങനെ വർധിപ്പിക്കാം??
❗പശു വളർത്തൽ എങ്ങനെ ലാഭകരമാക്കാം?🐄 ക്ഷീര കര്ഷകര് നേരിടുന്ന സംശയങ്ങൾക്ക് പരിഹാരമായി "ഫാംസ് ഡയറി" ഒപ്പമുണ്ട്.! ക്ഷീര കര്ഷകര് നേരിടുന്ന പ്രതിസന്ധികൾക്ക് പരിഹാരമേകി വരുമാനം വർദ്ധിപ്പിക്കാൻ ഫാംസ് ഡയറി നിങ്ങളെ സഹായിക്കും!!
ഉടൻ വിളിക്കൂ...
🌐 www.farmsdairy.com
📲 +91 8589004405
📲 +91 8589004462
📲 +91 8589004471
📍Edappally, Ernakulam
#FarmsDairy #HappyCowHappyFarmer #CowFarmers #MilkProducers #DairyCow #DairyFarm -
പശു വളർത്തൽ എന്തുകൊണ്ടാണ് നഷ്ടത്തിലേക്ക് പോകാനുള്ള കാരണം?
എങ്ങനെ പശു വളർത്തൽ ലാഭകരമാക്കാം?
പശുക്കളുടെ പരിചരണം ശാസ്ത്രീയമായാൽ കൂടുതൽ ലാഭകരവും എളുപ്പവുമാകും.
കേരളത്തിലെ 🐄 ക്ഷീര കര്ഷകര് നേരിടുന്ന സംശയങ്ങൾക്ക് പരിഹാരമായി "ഫാംസ് ഡയറി" ഒപ്പമുണ്ട്.! ക്ഷീര കര്ഷകര് നേരിടുന്ന പ്രതിസന്ധികൾക്ക് പരിഹാരമേകി വരുമാനം വർദ്ധിപ്പിക്കാനും ഫാംസ് ഡയറി നിങ്ങളെ സഹായിക്കും!!ക്ഷീരമേഖലയിലെ അറിവുകൾക്കായി ഉടൻ വിളിക്കൂ..
📍Edappally, Ernakulam
#FarmsDairy #HappyCowHappyFarmer #CowFarmers #MilkProducers #DairyCow #DairyFarm
