#neuroinvasion — Public Fediverse posts

The #neurological #damage caused by #EV71 #infection is associated with hsa_circ_0069335/miR-29b/PMP22 pathway

Source: Journal of Virology, https://journals.asm.org/doi/full/10.1128/jvi.00844-24?af=R

ABSTRACT
Enterovirus 71 (EV71) infection is usually accompanied by neurological damage, which is the leading cause of death in children with hand-foot-mouth disease. In this study, we demonstrated that EV71 infection can cause pathological damage in the nervous system, such as neuronal vacuolar degeneration, shrinkage of some neurons, edema of brain tissues in the hippocampus, and a decreased number of Nissl bodies in the infarction area. Also, EV71 infection caused apparent structural damage to Schwann cells, including a decreased number of cytoplasmic organelles and severe damage of rough endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria. However, the pathological damage was alleviated with the decrease of EV71 viral load. The cell experiment in vitro showed that EV71 infection significantly reduced ATP levels and promoted Schwann cell apoptosis, thus inhibiting cell growth. The extended infection time and the decreased viral load resulted in the gradual improvement of cell growth status. Meanwhile, EV71 inhibited the expression of miR-29b and promoted the expression of PMP22 in a time-dependent manner at both mRNA and protein levels, with the most significant change at 36 h of infection. Subsequently, the expression of miR-29b and PMP22 was gradually restored with the reduction of EV71 viral load. In addition, EV71 regulated the expression of hsa_circ_0069335, which could bind and co-localize with miR-29b. Therefore, EV71 infection can cause significant damage to the nervous system and may be related to hsa_circ_0069335/miR-29b/PMP22 pathway. The present study provides a new therapeutic target for neurological damage induced by EV71 infection.

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#abstract #COVID19 #encephalitis #enterovirus #ENTEROVIRUS71 #ev71 #health #HFMD #immunology #neuroinvasion #nutrition #research #wellness

Enhanced #encephalitic #tropism of #bovine #H5N1 compared to the #Vietnam #H5N1 isolate in #mice

Source: BioRxIV, https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.19.624162v1

Abstract
In recent years, the landscape of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) virus infections has shifted, as evidenced by an increase in infections among mammals. This includes the recent circulation of H5N1 in dairy cattle herds in the USA and a rise in associated human cases. In this study, we investigated differences in tissue tropism of two HPAI H5N1 strains, the isolate A/Vietnam/1203/2004 (VN1203) isolated from a fatal human case in 2004 and the bovine isolate A/Bovine/Ohio/B24osu-342/2024 (Bov342) isolated in 2024, in C57BL/6J mice. Infection with either HPAI H5N1 isolate was uniformly lethal in mice. However, tissue tropism differed significantly: while VN1203 replication was largely restricted to the respiratory tract, Bov342 successfully replicated in the respiratory tract as well as various regions of the brain. Bov342-challenged animals exhibited clinical signs consistent with central nervous system (CNS) infection, and infectious virus was detected in brain tissue. Correspondingly, cytokine profiles in the brain differed significantly between the isolates. Notably, in addition to abundant evidence of CNS infection in Bov342-challenged mice via immunohistochemistry, sporadic intranuclear and intracytoplasmic immunoreactivity was observed in other tissues in the head, including the choroid plexus, retina, and inner ear. This study demonstrates that while both HPAI H5N1 isolates are uniformly lethal in C57BL/6J mice upon aerosol exposure, significant differences exist in tissue tropism, with Bov342 resulting in respiratory disease as well as increased neurotropism and inflammation in the brain and nasal turbinates compared to VN1203, which predominantly induces respiratory disease.

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#research #abstract #avianInfluenza #aH5n1 #animalModels #neuroinvasion #animalHealth #health #news #birdFlu #h5n1 #AVIANINFLUENZA #dairyCow

#Norwegian #moose #CWD induces clinical #disease and #neuroinvasion in gene-targeted mice expressing cervid S138N #prion #protein https://journals.plos.org/plospathogens/article?id=10.1371/journal.ppat.1012350

Our study indicates that neuroinvasion of Norwegian moose prions can occur without, or only very limited, replication in the spleen, an unprecedented finding for CWD.

#Norwegian #moose #CWD induces clinical #disease and #neuroinvasion in gene-targeted mice expressing cervid S138N #prion #protein https://journals.plos.org/plospathogens/article?id=10.1371/journal.ppat.1012350

Our study indicates that neuroinvasion of Norwegian moose prions can occur without, or only very limited, replication in the spleen, an unprecedented finding for CWD.

#Norwegian #moose #CWD induces clinical #disease and #neuroinvasion in gene-targeted mice expressing cervid S138N #prion #protein https://journals.plos.org/plospathogens/article?id=10.1371/journal.ppat.1012350

Our study indicates that neuroinvasion of Norwegian moose prions can occur without, or only very limited, replication in the spleen, an unprecedented finding for CWD.