#ultraorthodox — Public Fediverse posts

https://www.europesays.com/iran/298843/ Moti Leitner: It’s time for Israel’s haredi community to have hard conversations #Army #AryeDeri #BeitShemesh #Haredi #IDF #Israel #MosheGafni #Politics #UltraOrthodox #YitzhakGoldknopf

https://www.europesays.com/people/218706/ Haredi alliance with Benjamin Netanyahu shifts as Moshe Gafni ousted from Degel Hatorah #BenjaminNetanyahu #DegelHaTorah #HarediParties #IsraelElections2026 #Knesset #MosheGafni #UltraOrthodox #YakovAsher

https://www.europesays.com/iran/281740/ Israel should preserve subsidies for large families, not cut them #2026IsraeliElections #EconomyOfIsrael #Haredi #HarediDemographics #Israel #IsraeliElection #Jewish #Opinion #TheMediaLine #UltraOrthodox

https://www.europesays.com/iran/280750/ Haredi alliance with Benjamin Netanyahu shifts as Moshe Gafni ousted from Degel Hatorah #BenjaminNeta​nyahu #DegelHaTorah #HarediParties #Israel #IsraelElections2026 #Knesset #MosheGafni #UltraOrthodox #YakovAsher

https://www.europesays.com/iran/269837/ Chief Rabbi Wishes God ‘Destroys’ Israel’s Attorney General Over Memorial Delay #AttorneyGeneralOfIsrael #Israel #IsraeliElections #IsraeliPolitics #RabbiOvadiaYosef #Shas #UltraOrthodox #YitzhakRabin

https://www.europesays.com/iran/269182/ Israel must reclaim Judaism from the religious establishment claiming to own it #2026IsraeliElections #ChiefRabbinateOfIsrael #FreedomOfReligionInIsrael #haredim #Israel #IsraelElections2026 #Judaism #Religion #SupremeRabbinicalCourt #UltraOrthodox

https://www.europesays.com/iran/261247/ IDI: Religious Israeli men overrepresented in IDF reserves, haredim absent #DemographicsOfIsrael #DemographyOfIsrael #draft #Haredi #HarediDemographics #HarediDraft #HarediPopulationInIsrael #haredim #IDF #IDFReserves #IDFSoldiers #IDFWomen #Israel #IsraelDemocracyInstitute #IsraelDemographics #IsraeliDraft #MilitaryService #NationalReligious #nationalism #Religion #reservists #secular #service #soldiers #UltraOrthodox #UltraOrthodoxDraft

https://www.europesays.com/people/198852/ Gadi Eisenkot demands haredi party Shas remove new election ad invoking IDF soldiers #2026IsraeliElections #AryeDeri #BenjaminNetanyahu #GadiEisenkot #Haredi #HarediDraft #IDF #IsraelElections2026 #Propaganda #Shas #UltraOrthodox #UltraOrthodoxDraft #yashar

https://www.europesays.com/iran/260035/ Three West Bank Palestinians arrested by IDF for settler group hike attack #arrest #Haredi #haredim #hike #IDF #Israel #IsraelPolice #palestinians #SettlerViolence #Settlers #UltraOrthodox #WestBank

https://www.europesays.com/iran/252141/ Bangkok Post – Sabbath cafe clash lays bare Israel faultlines #BenjaminNeta​nyahu #Israel #IsraelPolitics #IsraeliSociety #jerusalem #MilitaryServiceExemption #SecularIsraelis #Shabbat #UltraOrthodox

History Has Proven Leibowitz Right

https://web.brid.gy/r/https://www.pressenza.com/2026/08/history-has-proven-leibowitz-right/

History Has Proven Leibowitz Right

https://web.brid.gy/r/https://www.pressenza.com/2026/08/history-has-proven-leibowitz-right/

History Has Proven Leibowitz Right

https://web.brid.gy/r/https://www.pressenza.com/2026/08/history-has-proven-leibowitz-right/

https://www.europesays.com/iran/245099/ Israel’s ultra-Orthodox community feels misunderstood. Here’s why #Ashkenazi #haredim #hassidim #IDF #Israel #IsraeliPresidentialElection #JewishIdentity #Judaism #LithuanianJews #NationalReligious #Opinion #Religion #secular #Sephardim #Torah #UltraOrthodox

https://www.europesays.com/iran/241243/ How a Small Jerusalem Café Became a Flashpoint in Israel’s secular-Haredi Rift #Democrats #Israel #IsraelSocialProtest #IsraeliPolitics #jerusalem #Judaism #Shabbat #UltraOrthodox

https://www.europesays.com/iran/241195/ Ultra-Orthodox protesters block buses operating on Shabbat in northern Israel #bus #Haredi #Israel #north #protests #PublicTransportation #sabbath #Shabbat #UltraOrthodox

https://www.europesays.com/iran/239918/ Gerrer Rebbe, anti-Zionist Satmar billionaire discuss ICJ action against Israel #Haredi #haredim #hassidim #InternationalCourtOfJustice #Israel #rabbi #satmar #UltraOrthodox #UltraOrthodoxDraft

https://www.europesays.com/people/176223/ Avigdor Liberman rejects Gadi Eisenkot direction, focuses on replacing Benjamin Netanyahu government #AvigdorLiberman #BenjaminNetanyahu #GadiEisenkot #Iran #MansourAbbas #Ra'am #StraitOfHormuz #UltraOrthodox #YisraelBeytenu #Zionist

https://www.europesays.com/people/175474/ Benjamin Netanyahu: Draft dodgers will either ‘enlist or go to prison’ #BenjaminNetanyahu #Haredi #HarediDraft #UltraOrthodox

Ashkenazi Jews

Author’s Note: This post has mentions of Nazis, the Holocaust, & Nazi Germany. We completely understand if you wish to skip over this post. We’ll catch you in the next one!

Also known as Ashkenazic Jews, Ashkenazis, or Ashkenazim.

This is a form of distinct ethnic subdivision of the Jewish Diaspora. Emerging from the Jewish communities that consolidated during the 10th century in the Rhineland (Western Germany) & northern France. They migrated there from centers such as the Italian peninsula & the Southern Levant. This includes present-day Lebanon, Israel, Palestine, & Jordan.

After numerous massacres of Jews during the Crusades (11th-13th centuries), they began a gradual eastward migration due to mounting restrictions within the Holy Roman Empire & the favorable policies of Casimir the Great & others.

This diaspora ramped up after the persecution during the Black Death of the 14th century. The bulk of the Ashkenazi Jews had migrated to the Kingdom of Poland (which includes modern-day Poland, Lithuania, Belarus, Ukraine, & parts of Russia). This area became the main center of Ashkenazi Jewry until the Holocaust.

Ashkenazim adapted their traditions, rites, & customs to Europe. They traditionally followed the German rite synagogue ritual & until the Holocaust primarily spoke Yiddish, an offshoot of Middle High German written in a variety of the Hebrew script, with significant Hebrew, Aramaic, & Slavic influences.

The Yiddish language progressively declined in prestige, in favor of national languages & Hebrew, being stigmatized by assimilationists & later also Zionists. Though it was spoken by over 11 million people worldwide before the Holocaust. The Yiddishist movement, which sought to preserve & revive the language, faded through the 20th century. Including Duolingo adding Yiddish as a language.

As a proportion of the world Jewish population, Ashkenazim were estimated to be 3% in the 11th century, rising to 92% in 1930, near the population’s peak. The Ashkenazi population was significantly diminished by the Holocaust carried out by Nazi Germany during WWII, which killed around 6 million Jews. Before WWII, the estimated worldwide Jewish population was 15.3-16.7 million, with 92% being Ashkenazi. As of 2023, the population of Ashkenazim was estimated to be around 10-13 million out of 15.8 million total Jews.

The name Ashkenazi comes from the biblical figure of Ashkenaz. He’s the 1st son of Gomer, grandson of Japhet, great-grandson of Noah, & a Japhetic patriarch in the Table of Nations. The name for Gomer has often been linked to the Cimmerians.

The Biblical Ashkenazis are usually derived from Assyrian Askuza, a people who expelled the Cimmerians from the Armenian area of the Upper Euphrates. The name Askuza is identified with the Scythians.

In Jeremiah 51:27, Ashkenaz figures as 1 of 3 kingdoms in the far north, the others being Minni (or Mannaea), an ancient kingdom that flourished in northwestern Iran, & Arrat (corresponding to Urartu), called on by God to resist Babylon.

Ashkenaz is linked to Scandza/Scanzia (usually identified with Scandinavia), viewed as the cradle of Germanic tribes, in the 6th-century gloss to the Historia Ecclesiastica of Eusebius. In the 10th century, in the History of Armenia of Yovhannes Drasxanakertci, Ashkenaz was associated with Armenia.

As it was occasionally in Jewish usage, where its denotation extended at times to Adiabene, Khazaria, Chimea, & areas to the east. They’re also identified with the Slavim or Slavs. In keeping with the custom of designating areas of Jewish settlement with biblical names, Spain was called Sefarad (Obadiah 20), France was called Tsarefat (I Kings 17:9), & Bohemia was called the Land of Canaan.

Given the close links between the Jewish communities of France & Germany following the Carolingian unification, the term Ashkenazi came to refer to the Jews of both medieval Germany & France.

In later times, the word Ashkenaz is used to designate southern & western Germany, the ritual of which sections differs somewhat from that of eastern Germany & Poland. Thus, the prayer book of Isaiah Horowitz (a prominent rabbi & mystic), & many others, give the piyyutim (a Jewish liturgical poem), according to the Minhag of Ashkenaz & Poland. A Minhag is an accepted tradition or group of traditions in Judaism.

In a religious sense, an Ashkenazi Jew is any Jew whose family tradition & synagogue ritual follow Ashkenazi practices (German rite). Until the Ashkenazi community 1st began to develop in the Early Middle Ages, the centers of Jewish religious authority were in the Islamic world, at Baghdad & Islamic Spain. German Ashkenaz was so geographically distant that it developed a minhag of its own.

The counterpart of Ashkenazi is Sephardic. Since most non-Ashkenazi Orthodox Jews follow Sephardic rabbinical authorities, whether or not they’re ethnically Sephardic. By tradition, a Sephardic or Mizrahi (a.k.a. Oriental Jews; Jews who lived in the Muslim world) who married into an Orthodox or Haredi (a.k.a. ultra-Orthodox) Ashkenazi Jewish family raises her kids to be Ashkenazi Jews.

On the other hand, an Ashkenazi woman who married a Sephardi or Mizrahi is expected to take on Sephardic practices & the kids will “inherit” a Sephardic identity. Though in practice, many families do compromise. A “convert” usually follows the practice of the rabbinical court (beth din) that converted them.

Culturally, an Ashkenazi Jew can be identified by the concept of Yiddishkeit, which means “Jewishness” in the Yiddish language. Before the Haskalah (a.k.a. the Jewish Enlightenment) & the emancipation of Jews in Europe, this meant the study of the Torah & the Talmud for men, & communal life governed by the observance of Jewish Law for men & women.

From the Rhineland to Riga (the largest city in Latvia) to Romania, most Jews prayed in liturgical Ashkenazi Hebrew, & spoke Yiddish in their secular (worldly) lives. But with modernization, Yiddishkeit now includes not just Orthodoxy & Hasidism, but a broader range of movements, ideologies, practices, & traditions in which Ashkenazi have participated & somehow kept a sense of Jewishness. Although pockets of Jews still speak Yiddish, Yiddishkeit can be identified in manners of speech, styles of humor, & in patterns of association.

As Ashkenazi Jews moved away from Europe, mostly in the form of aliyah to Israel. Or immigration to North America, South Africa, Europe (particularly France), & Latin America, the geographic isolation has given way to mixing with other cultures, & with non-Ashkenazi Jews who, similarly, are no longer isolated in distinct geographic locales.

Hebrew has replaced Yiddish as the primary Jewish language for many Ashkenazi Jews. Although many Hasidic & Hareidi groups still use Yiddish in daily life. Aliyah is the immigration of Jews from the diaspora to, historically, the geographic Land of Israel or the Palestine region, where the State of Israel was established.

France’s blended Jewish community is typical of the cultural recombination that’s going on among Jews throughout the world. Although France expelled its original Jewish population in the Middle Ages, by the time of the French Revolution, there were 2 distinct Jewish populations.

One consisted of Sephardic Jews, originally refugees from the Inquisition (which no one expects! Sorry, we’re Monty Python fans here.) & concentrated in the southwest. While the other community was Ashkenazi, concentrated in formerly German Alsace, & mainly speaking a German dialect similar to Yiddish.

The 3rd community of Provencal Jews living in Comtat Venaissin was technically outside France, & was later absorbed into the Sephardim. Comtat Venaissin (called Comtat, for short) was a part of the Papal States from 1274 to 1791.

But after emancipation, a sense of a unified French Jewry emerged, especially when France was wracked by the Dreyfus Affair in the 1890s. (We’ll be doing a post about the Dreyfus Affair.) In the 1920s & 30s, Ashkenazi Jews from Europe arrived in large numbers as refugees from antisemitism, the Russian Revolution, & the economic turmoil of the Great Depression.

By the 1930s, Paris had a vibrant Yiddish culture, & many Jews were involved in diverse political movements. After the Vichy years & the Holocaust, the French Jewish population was augmented once again, 1st by Ashkenazi refugees from Central Europe, & later by Sephardi immigrants & refugees from North Africa, many of them francophone. Francophone refers to people/organizations who use French (language) regularly.

Ashkenazi Jews didn’t transmit their traditions or achievements by text. Instead, these traditions were passed down orally from one generation to the next. The desire to maintain pre-Holocaust traditions relating to Ashkenazi culture has often been met with criticism by Jews in Eastern Europe.

In an ethnic sense, an Ashkenazi Jew is a descendant of the Jews who settled in the Central European region of “Ashkenaz.” For roughly 1,000 years, the Ashkenazim were a reproductively isolated population in Europe.

Despite living in many countries, with little inflow or outflow of countries from migration, conversion, or intermarriage with other groups, including other Jews. Since the mid-20th century, many Ashkenazi Jews have intermarried, both with members of other Jewish communities & non-Jews.

Religious persecution of the Jews in Western & Central Europe led to a significant migration of the Ashkenazi Jews into Eastern Europe. This resulted in a major cultural divide between Western/Central & Eastern Ashkenazi communities. In particular, this was reflected in the division of Yiddish into Western & Eastern Yiddish dialects. As well as in other cultural distinctions: traditions, food, dress, etc.

Initially, the Jews of Eastern Europe enjoyed relative freedom in terms of movement, being invited by the kings of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. Over time, the situation was reversed. By the 19th century, the Jews in the West had gradually been integrated into the general society.

While the Eastern Ashkenazi maintained their strict Jewish traditions & were mostly confined to ghettos, especially in the Pale of Settlement of the Russian Empire, which incorporated a considerable amount of land where the Eastern Ashkenazi lived: Poland & Lithuania.

Well-known differences in practices include:

• Observance of Passover (Pesach)
  • Ashkenazi Jews traditionally refrain from eating legumes, grain, millet, & rice. Quinoa has become accepted as a food grain in North American communities. Sephardi Jews typically don’t prohibit these foods.
• Notwithstanding stricter requirements for the ACTUAL slaughter, Sephardi Jews permit the rear portions of an animal after proper Halakhic removal of the sciatic nerve. While many Ashkenazi Jews don’t.
• Ashkenazi Jews often name newborns after deceased family members, not after living relatives. Sephardi Jews often name their kids after their grandparents, even if those grandparents are still living. An exception to this is among Dutch Jews, where Ashkenazi for centuries used naming conventions otherwise attributed exclusively to Sephardim, such as Chuts. Chuts is the name given to Jews who immigrated to London from the Netherlands in the 1850s-1860s.
• Ashkenazi tefillins are wound toward the body, not away from it. Ashkenazim put on the tefillin while standing up. Other Jews generally do so while sitting down. A tefillin(s) is/are sets of small black leather boxes with leather straps having scrolls of parchment written with verses of the Torah inside.
• The prayer shawl (tallit/tallis) is worn by all Ashkenazi men AFTER marriage. Except for Western European Ashkenazi men who wear it from the bar mitzvah. In Sephardi or Mizrahi Judaism, the prayer shawl is commonly worn from early childhood.

The term Ashkenazi also refers to the Nusach Ashkenaz, the liturgical tradition used by Ashkenazi Jews in their siddur (prayer book). A nusach is defined by a liturgical tradition’s choice of prayers, the text of prayers & melodies used in the singing of prayers. 2 other major forms of nusach among Ashkenazi Jews are Nusach Sefard (not to be confused with the Sephardic ritual), which is the general Polish Hasidic nusach, and Nusach Ari, used by those in Chabad.

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Ashkenazi Jews

Author’s Note: This post has mentions of Nazis, the Holocaust, & Nazi Germany. We completely understand if you wish to skip over this post. We’ll catch you in the next one!

Also known as Ashkenazic Jews, Ashkenazis, or Ashkenazim.

This is a form of distinct ethnic subdivision of the Jewish Diaspora. Emerging from the Jewish communities that consolidated during the 10th century in the Rhineland (Western Germany) & northern France. They migrated there from centers such as the Italian peninsula & the Southern Levant. This includes present-day Lebanon, Israel, Palestine, & Jordan.

After numerous massacres of Jews during the Crusades (11th-13th centuries), they began a gradual eastward migration due to mounting restrictions within the Holy Roman Empire & the favorable policies of Casimir the Great & others.

This diaspora ramped up after the persecution during the Black Death of the 14th century. The bulk of the Ashkenazi Jews had migrated to the Kingdom of Poland (which includes modern-day Poland, Lithuania, Belarus, Ukraine, & parts of Russia). This area became the main center of Ashkenazi Jewry until the Holocaust.

Ashkenazim adapted their traditions, rites, & customs to Europe. They traditionally followed the German rite synagogue ritual & until the Holocaust primarily spoke Yiddish, an offshoot of Middle High German written in a variety of the Hebrew script, with significant Hebrew, Aramaic, & Slavic influences.

The Yiddish language progressively declined in prestige, in favor of national languages & Hebrew, being stigmatized by assimilationists & later also Zionists. Though it was spoken by over 11 million people worldwide before the Holocaust. The Yiddishist movement, which sought to preserve & revive the language, faded through the 20th century. Including Duolingo adding Yiddish as a language.

As a proportion of the world Jewish population, Ashkenazim were estimated to be 3% in the 11th century, rising to 92% in 1930, near the population’s peak. The Ashkenazi population was significantly diminished by the Holocaust carried out by Nazi Germany during WWII, which killed around 6 million Jews. Before WWII, the estimated worldwide Jewish population was 15.3-16.7 million, with 92% being Ashkenazi. As of 2023, the population of Ashkenazim was estimated to be around 10-13 million out of 15.8 million total Jews.

The name Ashkenazi comes from the biblical figure of Ashkenaz. He’s the 1st son of Gomer, grandson of Japhet, great-grandson of Noah, & a Japhetic patriarch in the Table of Nations. The name for Gomer has often been linked to the Cimmerians.

The Biblical Ashkenazis are usually derived from Assyrian Askuza, a people who expelled the Cimmerians from the Armenian area of the Upper Euphrates. The name Askuza is identified with the Scythians.

In Jeremiah 51:27, Ashkenaz figures as 1 of 3 kingdoms in the far north, the others being Minni (or Mannaea), an ancient kingdom that flourished in northwestern Iran, & Arrat (corresponding to Urartu), called on by God to resist Babylon.

Ashkenaz is linked to Scandza/Scanzia (usually identified with Scandinavia), viewed as the cradle of Germanic tribes, in the 6th-century gloss to the Historia Ecclesiastica of Eusebius. In the 10th century, in the History of Armenia of Yovhannes Drasxanakertci, Ashkenaz was associated with Armenia.

As it was occasionally in Jewish usage, where its denotation extended at times to Adiabene, Khazaria, Chimea, & areas to the east. They’re also identified with the Slavim or Slavs. In keeping with the custom of designating areas of Jewish settlement with biblical names, Spain was called Sefarad (Obadiah 20), France was called Tsarefat (I Kings 17:9), & Bohemia was called the Land of Canaan.

Given the close links between the Jewish communities of France & Germany following the Carolingian unification, the term Ashkenazi came to refer to the Jews of both medieval Germany & France.

In later times, the word Ashkenaz is used to designate southern & western Germany, the ritual of which sections differs somewhat from that of eastern Germany & Poland. Thus, the prayer book of Isaiah Horowitz (a prominent rabbi & mystic), & many others, give the piyyutim (a Jewish liturgical poem), according to the Minhag of Ashkenaz & Poland. A Minhag is an accepted tradition or group of traditions in Judaism.

In a religious sense, an Ashkenazi Jew is any Jew whose family tradition & synagogue ritual follow Ashkenazi practices (German rite). Until the Ashkenazi community 1st began to develop in the Early Middle Ages, the centers of Jewish religious authority were in the Islamic world, at Baghdad & Islamic Spain. German Ashkenaz was so geographically distant that it developed a minhag of its own.

The counterpart of Ashkenazi is Sephardic. Since most non-Ashkenazi Orthodox Jews follow Sephardic rabbinical authorities, whether or not they’re ethnically Sephardic. By tradition, a Sephardic or Mizrahi (a.k.a. Oriental Jews; Jews who lived in the Muslim world) who married into an Orthodox or Haredi (a.k.a. ultra-Orthodox) Ashkenazi Jewish family raises her kids to be Ashkenazi Jews.

On the other hand, an Ashkenazi woman who married a Sephardi or Mizrahi is expected to take on Sephardic practices & the kids will “inherit” a Sephardic identity. Though in practice, many families do compromise. A “convert” usually follows the practice of the rabbinical court (beth din) that converted them.

Culturally, an Ashkenazi Jew can be identified by the concept of Yiddishkeit, which means “Jewishness” in the Yiddish language. Before the Haskalah (a.k.a. the Jewish Enlightenment) & the emancipation of Jews in Europe, this meant the study of the Torah & the Talmud for men, & communal life governed by the observance of Jewish Law for men & women.

From the Rhineland to Riga (the largest city in Latvia) to Romania, most Jews prayed in liturgical Ashkenazi Hebrew, & spoke Yiddish in their secular (worldly) lives. But with modernization, Yiddishkeit now includes not just Orthodoxy & Hasidism, but a broader range of movements, ideologies, practices, & traditions in which Ashkenazi have participated & somehow kept a sense of Jewishness. Although pockets of Jews still speak Yiddish, Yiddishkeit can be identified in manners of speech, styles of humor, & in patterns of association.

As Ashkenazi Jews moved away from Europe, mostly in the form of aliyah to Israel. Or immigration to North America, South Africa, Europe (particularly France), & Latin America, the geographic isolation has given way to mixing with other cultures, & with non-Ashkenazi Jews who, similarly, are no longer isolated in distinct geographic locales.

Hebrew has replaced Yiddish as the primary Jewish language for many Ashkenazi Jews. Although many Hasidic & Hareidi groups still use Yiddish in daily life. Aliyah is the immigration of Jews from the diaspora to, historically, the geographic Land of Israel or the Palestine region, where the State of Israel was established.

France’s blended Jewish community is typical of the cultural recombination that’s going on among Jews throughout the world. Although France expelled its original Jewish population in the Middle Ages, by the time of the French Revolution, there were 2 distinct Jewish populations.

One consisted of Sephardic Jews, originally refugees from the Inquisition (which no one expects! Sorry, we’re Monty Python fans here.) & concentrated in the southwest. While the other community was Ashkenazi, concentrated in formerly German Alsace, & mainly speaking a German dialect similar to Yiddish.

The 3rd community of Provencal Jews living in Comtat Venaissin was technically outside France, & was later absorbed into the Sephardim. Comtat Venaissin (called Comtat, for short) was a part of the Papal States from 1274 to 1791.

But after emancipation, a sense of a unified French Jewry emerged, especially when France was wracked by the Dreyfus Affair in the 1890s. (We’ll be doing a post about the Dreyfus Affair.) In the 1920s & 30s, Ashkenazi Jews from Europe arrived in large numbers as refugees from antisemitism, the Russian Revolution, & the economic turmoil of the Great Depression.

By the 1930s, Paris had a vibrant Yiddish culture, & many Jews were involved in diverse political movements. After the Vichy years & the Holocaust, the French Jewish population was augmented once again, 1st by Ashkenazi refugees from Central Europe, & later by Sephardi immigrants & refugees from North Africa, many of them francophone. Francophone refers to people/organizations who use French (language) regularly.

Ashkenazi Jews didn’t transmit their traditions or achievements by text. Instead, these traditions were passed down orally from one generation to the next. The desire to maintain pre-Holocaust traditions relating to Ashkenazi culture has often been met with criticism by Jews in Eastern Europe.

In an ethnic sense, an Ashkenazi Jew is a descendant of the Jews who settled in the Central European region of “Ashkenaz.” For roughly 1,000 years, the Ashkenazim were a reproductively isolated population in Europe.

Despite living in many countries, with little inflow or outflow of countries from migration, conversion, or intermarriage with other groups, including other Jews. Since the mid-20th century, many Ashkenazi Jews have intermarried, both with members of other Jewish communities & non-Jews.

Religious persecution of the Jews in Western & Central Europe led to a significant migration of the Ashkenazi Jews into Eastern Europe. This resulted in a major cultural divide between Western/Central & Eastern Ashkenazi communities. In particular, this was reflected in the division of Yiddish into Western & Eastern Yiddish dialects. As well as in other cultural distinctions: traditions, food, dress, etc.

Initially, the Jews of Eastern Europe enjoyed relative freedom in terms of movement, being invited by the kings of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. Over time, the situation was reversed. By the 19th century, the Jews in the West had gradually been integrated into the general society.

While the Eastern Ashkenazi maintained their strict Jewish traditions & were mostly confined to ghettos, especially in the Pale of Settlement of the Russian Empire, which incorporated a considerable amount of land where the Eastern Ashkenazi lived: Poland & Lithuania.

Well-known differences in practices include:

• Observance of Passover (Pesach)
  • Ashkenazi Jews traditionally refrain from eating legumes, grain, millet, & rice. Quinoa has become accepted as a food grain in North American communities. Sephardi Jews typically don’t prohibit these foods.
• Notwithstanding stricter requirements for the ACTUAL slaughter, Sephardi Jews permit the rear portions of an animal after proper Halakhic removal of the sciatic nerve. While many Ashkenazi Jews don’t.
• Ashkenazi Jews often name newborns after deceased family members, not after living relatives. Sephardi Jews often name their kids after their grandparents, even if those grandparents are still living. An exception to this is among Dutch Jews, where Ashkenazi for centuries used naming conventions otherwise attributed exclusively to Sephardim, such as Chuts. Chuts is the name given to Jews who immigrated to London from the Netherlands in the 1850s-1860s.
• Ashkenazi tefillins are wound toward the body, not away from it. Ashkenazim put on the tefillin while standing up. Other Jews generally do so while sitting down. A tefillin(s) is/are sets of small black leather boxes with leather straps having scrolls of parchment written with verses of the Torah inside.
• The prayer shawl (tallit/tallis) is worn by all Ashkenazi men AFTER marriage. Except for Western European Ashkenazi men who wear it from the bar mitzvah. In Sephardi or Mizrahi Judaism, the prayer shawl is commonly worn from early childhood.

The term Ashkenazi also refers to the Nusach Ashkenaz, the liturgical tradition used by Ashkenazi Jews in their siddur (prayer book). A nusach is defined by a liturgical tradition’s choice of prayers, the text of prayers & melodies used in the singing of prayers. 2 other major forms of nusach among Ashkenazi Jews are Nusach Sefard (not to be confused with the Sephardic ritual), which is the general Polish Hasidic nusach, and Nusach Ari, used by those in Chabad.

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Make a monthly donation

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Make a yearly donation

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https://www.europesays.com/iran/226790/ Don’t Let Israel’s Democracy Become a Law for Everyone Except the Chosen Few #AttorneyGeneralOfIsrael #Israel #IsraelHighCourt #IsraeliJudiciary #IsraeliPolitics #ItamarBenGvir #Knesset #UltraOrthodox

https://www.europesays.com/iran/226162/ Beyond Israel’s haredi draft: The bigger political stakes for Israel’s future #Elections #Haredi #HarediDraft #haredim #IDF #Israel #IsraelElections #IsraeliPolitics #UltraOrthodox #UltraOrthodoxDraft

https://www.europesays.com/iran/226099/ Israel in Crisis: A Threat from Within #ConscientiousObjection #HarediJews #HolyLand #Israel #IsraelInCrisis #JewishSchool #UltraOrthodox #Zionists

Israel in Crisis: A Threat from Within

https://web.brid.gy/r/https://www.pressenza.com/2026/07/israel-in-crisis-a-threat-from-within/

Israel in Crisis: A Threat from Within

https://web.brid.gy/r/https://www.pressenza.com/2026/07/israel-in-crisis-a-threat-from-within/

Israel in Crisis: A Threat from Within

https://web.brid.gy/r/https://www.pressenza.com/2026/07/israel-in-crisis-a-threat-from-within/

https://www.europesays.com/iran/223677/ Why Netanyahu’s alliance politics are dividing Israel and the Diaspora #BenjaminNeta​nyahu #DiasporaJews #Elections #Haredi #Israel #IsraelElections #UltraOrthodox

https://www.europesays.com/iran/223309/ Can Religious Zionists Save Netanyahu – or Sink Him? #BenjaminNeta​nyahu #BezalelSmotrich #Israel #IsraeliElections #IsraeliPolitics #NaftaliBennett #UltraOrthodox

Prime Minister’s Office funding ultra-Orthodox influencers’ recipe videos: report https://www.diningandcooking.com/2737628/prime-ministers-office-funding-ultra-orthodox-influencers-recipe-videos-report/ #AuthorityForTheSocialAndEconomicDevelopmentOfTheUltraOrthodoxSector #PMOPrimeMinister'sOffice #RecipeTopics #Recipes #UltraOrthodox

Prime Minister’s Office funding ultra-Orthodox influencers’ recipe videos: report https://www.diningandcooking.com/2737628/prime-ministers-office-funding-ultra-orthodox-influencers-recipe-videos-report/ #AuthorityForTheSocialAndEconomicDevelopmentOfTheUltraOrthodoxSector #PMOPrimeMinister'sOffice #RecipeTopics #Recipes #UltraOrthodox

https://www.europesays.com/iran/215705/ Thousands protest outside military prison, AG’s home over arrest of yeshiva student #BeitLid #Israel #UltraOrthodox #YaakovAryehAlter #YitzhakGoldknopf

https://www.europesays.com/iran/215557/ Drafting ultra-Orthodox Jews Is Not the Solution to Israel’s Problems #BenjaminNeta​nyahu #EyalZamir #haredim #IDF #Israel #IsraelGazaWar #IsraeliPolitics #UltraOrthodox

https://www.europesays.com/iran/215153/ Haredi leader attacks religious Zionists for drafting to IDF, Benjamin Netanyahu condemns #BenjaminNeta​nyahu #Haredi #IDF #IDFSoldiers #Israel #UltraOrthodox #War

https://www.europesays.com/iran/212602/ Rabbis emerge as key voices warning Israelis about Iranian spy recruitment #Haredi #Iran #Israel #Spy #Telegram #UltraOrthodox #Yiddish

https://www.europesays.com/iran/209686/ Israel’s parliament approves laws to enshrine exemption of ultra-Orthodox men from military service #BenjaminNeta​nyahu #enlistment #Gaza #Iran #Israel #Jewish #Lebanon #Military #UltraOrthodox

https://www.europesays.com/iran/208038/ Israel court halts law supporting ultra-Orthodox draft dodgers #Israel #IsraeliMilitary #IsraeliPolitics #UltraOrthodox

LIVE: Ultra Orthodox Jews protest outside Israeli military prison

Thousands of Ultra Orthodox Jews gather outside an Israeli military prison to protest against attempts to draft them to the army. Israeli police had earlier this month clashed with protesters in Jerusalem, using water cannons and mounted units to disperse the ultra-Orthodox demonstrators who blocked a major intersection in protest against conscription.   #israel #ultraorthodox #conscription #military…

https://fllics.com/en/video/live-ultra-orthodox-jews-protest-outside-israeli-military-prison/

LIVE: Ultra Orthodox Jews protest outside Israeli military prison

Thousands of Ultra Orthodox Jews gather outside an Israeli military prison to protest against attempts to draft them to the army. Israeli police had earlier this month clashed with protesters in Jerusalem, using water cannons and mounted units to disperse the ultra-Orthodox demonstrators who blocked a major intersection in protest against conscription.   #israel #ultraorthodox #conscription #military…

https://fllics.com/en/video/live-ultra-orthodox-jews-protest-outside-israeli-military-prison/

LIVE: Ultra Orthodox Jews protest outside Israeli military prison

Thousands of Ultra Orthodox Jews gather outside an Israeli military prison to protest against attempts to draft them to the army. Israeli police had earlier this month clashed with protesters in Jerusalem, using water cannons and mounted units to disperse the ultra-Orthodox demonstrators who blocked a major intersection in protest against conscription.   #israel #ultraorthodox #conscription #military…

https://fllics.com/en/video/live-ultra-orthodox-jews-protest-outside-israeli-military-prison/

#Jerusalem, #Israel
#UltraOrthodox children visit the Western Wall in the old city.

Photograph: Ilia Yefimovich/AFP/Getty Images

#photography
#children
#religion

#Jerusalem, #Israel
#UltraOrthodox children visit the Western Wall in the old city.

Photograph: Ilia Yefimovich/AFP/Getty Images

#photography
#children
#religion

#Jerusalem, #Israel
#UltraOrthodox children visit the Western Wall in the old city.

Photograph: Ilia Yefimovich/AFP/Getty Images

#photography
#children
#religion

A drone view shows Ultra-Orthodox Jewish men as they protest against pressure to conscript men from their community into Israel's military, in #Jerusalem. The giant banner in Hebrew read " To Jail and not to the army". REUTERS/Ilan Rosenberg

#photography
#Israel
#UltraOrthodox
#protest

A drone view shows Ultra-Orthodox Jewish men as they protest against pressure to conscript men from their community into Israel's military, in #Jerusalem. The giant banner in Hebrew read " To Jail and not to the army". REUTERS/Ilan Rosenberg

#photography
#Israel
#UltraOrthodox
#protest

A drone view shows Ultra-Orthodox Jewish men as they protest against pressure to conscript men from their community into Israel's military, in #Jerusalem. The giant banner in Hebrew read " To Jail and not to the army". REUTERS/Ilan Rosenberg

#photography
#Israel
#UltraOrthodox
#protest

Tragedy strikes Jerusalem as a bus hits anti-conscription protesters. A teenage boy killed, three injured in a demonstration against mandatory military service for ultra-Orthodox Jews. https://english.mathrubhumi.com/news/world/jerusalem-protest-bus-crash-fatal-czbrshbz?utm_source=dlvr.it&utm_medium=mastodon #Jerusalem #buscrash #ultraorthodox #protest

Tragedy strikes Jerusalem as a bus hits anti-conscription protesters. A teenage boy killed, three injured in a demonstration against mandatory military service for ultra-Orthodox Jews. https://english.mathrubhumi.com/news/world/jerusalem-protest-bus-crash-fatal-czbrshbz?utm_source=dlvr.it&utm_medium=mastodon #Jerusalem #buscrash #ultraorthodox #protest

Ultra-Orthodox Jewish men in Israel upset about the possibility of having to do military service.
Coincidentally, Ultra-Orthodox Jewish men in Israeli government and illegal settlements most often the loudest about fighting against Palestinians in Gaza and West Bank. I guess just so long as they aren’t the ones in danger. Funny that.
#israel #ultraorthodox #illegalsettlement #israel

“'Israel’s' conscription crisis is likely to cause a collapse from within”

by Samuel Geddes in Al Mayadeen English

@[email protected]
@[email protected]
@[email protected]

“‘Israel’s’ deepening #conscription #crisis, driven by military exhaustion, political fragmentation & the #UltraOrthodox #exemption, is pushing the #Zionist project toward an irreversible #internal #collapse. #Netanyahu’s survival strategy [..] has accelerated the implosion”

https://english.almayadeen.net/articles/opinion/-israel-s--conscription-crisis-is-likely-to-cause-a-collapse

#Press #Israel #Gaza #Genocide #Haredim

“'Israel’s' conscription crisis is likely to cause a collapse from within”

by Samuel Geddes in Al Mayadeen English

@[email protected]
@[email protected]
@[email protected]

“‘Israel’s’ deepening #conscription #crisis, driven by military exhaustion, political fragmentation & the #UltraOrthodox #exemption, is pushing the #Zionist project toward an irreversible #internal #collapse. #Netanyahu’s survival strategy [..] has accelerated the implosion”

https://english.almayadeen.net/articles/opinion/-israel-s--conscription-crisis-is-likely-to-cause-a-collapse

#Press #Israel #Gaza #Genocide #Haredim

Ha ha. And then they came after….

———

The War in #Israel over serving in the war. #ultraorthodox

https://www.nytimes.com/2025/08/24/world/middleeast/israel-gaza-ultra-orthodox.html?smid=nytcore-ios-share&referringSource=articleShare

#Netanyahu’s governing coalition is fracturing. Here’s what it means for #Israel and #Gaza

An Israeli #UltraOrthodox party that has been a key governing partner of Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu said early Tuesday it was leaving the coalition government.

By TIA GOLDENBERG
Updated 1:07 PM EDT, July 15, 2025

TEL AVIV, Israel (AP) — "Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu’s government suffered a serious blow on Tuesday when an ultra-Orthodox party announced it was bolting the coalition.

"While this doesn’t immediately threaten Netanyahu’s rule, it could set in motion his government’s demise, although that could still be months away. It also could complicate efforts to halt the war in Gaza.

"#UnitedTorahJudaism’s two factions said they were leaving the government because of disagreements over a proposed law that would end broad exemptions for religious students from enlistment into the military.

"Military service is compulsory for most Jewish Israelis, and the issue of exemptions has long divided the country. Those rifts have only widened since the start of the war in Gaza as demand for military manpower has grown and hundreds of soldiers have been killed.

"The threat to the government 'looks more serious than ever,' said Shuki Friedman, vice president of the Jewish People Policy Institute, a Jerusalem think tank.

"Netanyahu is on trial for alleged #corruption, and critics say he wants to hang on to power so that he can use his office as a bully pulpit to rally supporters and lash out against prosecutors and judges. That makes him all the more vulnerable to the whims of his coalition allies."

Read more:
https://apnews.com/article/israel-netanyahu-government-gaza-war-elections-e207f3519314012df4c489fe1eaafa33?utm_source=firefox-newtab-en-us

#BibiIsCorrupt #BibiIsAWarCriminal #FreeGaza #FreePalestine #WorldPol #IsraelWarCrimes #Genocide #Zionists #PowerCorruptionAndLies

#Netanyahu’s governing coalition is fracturing. Here’s what it means for #Israel and #Gaza

An Israeli #UltraOrthodox party that has been a key governing partner of Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu said early Tuesday it was leaving the coalition government.

By TIA GOLDENBERG
Updated 1:07 PM EDT, July 15, 2025

TEL AVIV, Israel (AP) — "Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu’s government suffered a serious blow on Tuesday when an ultra-Orthodox party announced it was bolting the coalition.

"While this doesn’t immediately threaten Netanyahu’s rule, it could set in motion his government’s demise, although that could still be months away. It also could complicate efforts to halt the war in Gaza.

"#UnitedTorahJudaism’s two factions said they were leaving the government because of disagreements over a proposed law that would end broad exemptions for religious students from enlistment into the military.

"Military service is compulsory for most Jewish Israelis, and the issue of exemptions has long divided the country. Those rifts have only widened since the start of the war in Gaza as demand for military manpower has grown and hundreds of soldiers have been killed.

"The threat to the government 'looks more serious than ever,' said Shuki Friedman, vice president of the Jewish People Policy Institute, a Jerusalem think tank.

"Netanyahu is on trial for alleged #corruption, and critics say he wants to hang on to power so that he can use his office as a bully pulpit to rally supporters and lash out against prosecutors and judges. That makes him all the more vulnerable to the whims of his coalition allies."

Read more:
https://apnews.com/article/israel-netanyahu-government-gaza-war-elections-e207f3519314012df4c489fe1eaafa33?utm_source=firefox-newtab-en-us

#BibiIsCorrupt #BibiIsAWarCriminal #FreeGaza #FreePalestine #WorldPol #IsraelWarCrimes #Genocide #Zionists #PowerCorruptionAndLies

#Netanyahu’s governing coalition is fracturing. Here’s what it means for #Israel and #Gaza

An Israeli #UltraOrthodox party that has been a key governing partner of Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu said early Tuesday it was leaving the coalition government.

By TIA GOLDENBERG
Updated 1:07 PM EDT, July 15, 2025

TEL AVIV, Israel (AP) — "Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu’s government suffered a serious blow on Tuesday when an ultra-Orthodox party announced it was bolting the coalition.

"While this doesn’t immediately threaten Netanyahu’s rule, it could set in motion his government’s demise, although that could still be months away. It also could complicate efforts to halt the war in Gaza.

"#UnitedTorahJudaism’s two factions said they were leaving the government because of disagreements over a proposed law that would end broad exemptions for religious students from enlistment into the military.

"Military service is compulsory for most Jewish Israelis, and the issue of exemptions has long divided the country. Those rifts have only widened since the start of the war in Gaza as demand for military manpower has grown and hundreds of soldiers have been killed.

"The threat to the government 'looks more serious than ever,' said Shuki Friedman, vice president of the Jewish People Policy Institute, a Jerusalem think tank.

"Netanyahu is on trial for alleged #corruption, and critics say he wants to hang on to power so that he can use his office as a bully pulpit to rally supporters and lash out against prosecutors and judges. That makes him all the more vulnerable to the whims of his coalition allies."

Read more:
https://apnews.com/article/israel-netanyahu-government-gaza-war-elections-e207f3519314012df4c489fe1eaafa33?utm_source=firefox-newtab-en-us

#BibiIsCorrupt #BibiIsAWarCriminal #FreeGaza #FreePalestine #WorldPol #IsraelWarCrimes #Genocide #Zionists #PowerCorruptionAndLies

(15) Netanyahu under mounting political pressure after party quits • FRANCE 24 English – YouTube

One of Israel’s ultra-Orthodox parties, United Torah Judaism, said it was quitting Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu’s ruling coalition due to a long-running dispute over failure to draft a bill to exempt yeshiva students from military service. Six of the remaining seven members of UTJ wrote letters of resignation. Yitzhak Goldknopf, chairman of UTJ, had resigned a month ago. That would leave Netanyahu with a razor thin majority of 61 seats in the 120 seat Knesset, or parliament.
#Israel #Gaza #UltraOrthodox

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#gaza #Israel #UltraOrthodox

https://momentmag.com/opinion-five-moments-that-shaped-israel/

Fania Oz-Salzberger notes the disastrous consequences for Israel of a 1953 law which made provision for "the near-complete autonomy of ultra-Orthodox schools with no core curriculum, no secular subjects, no history and geography and languages, no sciences, hardly any math, and a heavily policed gender separation. "

#Israel #IsraelPalestine #StateEducationLaw #UltraOrthodox #Education #ReligiousSchools #ConfessionalEducation

https://momentmag.com/opinion-five-moments-that-shaped-israel/

Fania Oz-Salzberger notes the disastrous consequences for Israel of a 1953 law which made provision for "the near-complete autonomy of ultra-Orthodox schools with no core curriculum, no secular subjects, no history and geography and languages, no sciences, hardly any math, and a heavily policed gender separation. "

#Israel #IsraelPalestine #StateEducationLaw #UltraOrthodox #Education #ReligiousSchools #ConfessionalEducation

https://momentmag.com/opinion-five-moments-that-shaped-israel/

Fania Oz-Salzberger notes the disastrous consequences for Israel of a 1953 law which made provision for "the near-complete autonomy of ultra-Orthodox schools with no core curriculum, no secular subjects, no history and geography and languages, no sciences, hardly any math, and a heavily policed gender separation. "

#Israel #IsraelPalestine #StateEducationLaw #UltraOrthodox #Education #ReligiousSchools #ConfessionalEducation

Ab jetzt online! Yehudis Fletcher, die Autorin von "(K)eine von uns!" (2025) m Gespräch mit mir, über die Wahl des Verbleibens in ultraorthodoxen Gemeinde als Frau in einer Beziehung mit einer anderen Frau, statt dem Aufgeben und Gehen aus der Gemeinde.

https://taz.de/Yehudis-Fletcher-ueber-ihre-Autobiografie/!6095494/

#Judentum #LGBTQIA #jüdischqueer #Frauenrechte #ultraorthodox #SexuelleMisshandlung #Judentum #Menschenrechte #Gleichberechtigung #arrangierteHeiraten #zwangsheirat #orthodoxjüdisch #YehudisFletcher