#seawater — Public Fediverse posts

#SodiumIonBatteries offer an alternative to tricky #lithium

Oct 26th 2023

Excerpt: "Fortunately, lithium is not the only game in town. As we report this week, a clutch of firms are making batteries based on sodium, lithium’s elemental cousin. Since sodium’s chemical properties are very similar to those of lithium, it too makes for good batteries. And sodium, which is found in the salt in #seawater, is thousands of times more abundant on Earth than lithium and cheaper to get at. Most of the companies using sodium to make batteries today are also Chinese. But pursuing the technology in the West might be a surer route to energy security than relying heavily on lithium.

"Besides its abundance, sodium has other advantages. The best lithium batteries use #cobalt and #nickel in their electrodes. Nickel, like lithium, is in short supply. #Mining it on land is #EnvironmentallyDestructive. Proposals to grab it from the #seabed instead have caused rows. A good deal of the world’s cobalt, meanwhile, is extracted from small mines in the #DemocraticRepublicOfCongo, where #ChildLabour is common and working conditions are dire. Sodium batteries, by contrast, can use #electrodes built from #iron and #manganese [and wood #lignin], which are plentiful and uncontroversial. Since the chemical components are cheap, a scaled-up industry should be able to produce batteries that cost less than their lithium counterparts.

"Sodium is not a perfect replacement for lithium. It is heavier, meaning sodium batteries will weigh more than lithium ones of an equivalent capacity. That is likely to rule them out in some cases where lightness is paramount. But for other applications, such as #GridStorage or #HomeBatteries, weight is irrelevant. Several Chinese carmakers are even beginning to put sodium batteries in #ElectricVehicles."

Read more:
https://www.economist.com/leaders/2023/10/26/sodium-batteries-offer-an-alternative-to-tricky-lithium

Archived version:
https://archive.ph/7x6JX

#SolarPunkSunday #EnergyStorage #SodiumIon #NewTechnology #GiantLeap #Reuse #WasteReuse #NoLithiumMining #NoMining

Photographer Explores New York’s Vast, Complex, and Invisible Water System https://petapixel.com/2026/03/08/photographer-explores-new-yorks-vast-complex-and-invisible-water-system/ #infrastructure #blackandwhite #largeformat #newyorkcity #waterworks #Spotlight #Features #seawater #newyork #civil

Warm Seawater Encroaches On Major Antarctic Ice Shelf, Raising Sea Level Concerns
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https://phys.org/news/2025-01-seawater-encroaches-major-antarctic-ice.html <-- shared technical article
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https://doi.org/10.1029/2023JC020700 <-- shared paper
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#GIS #spatial #mapping #climatechange #Antarctic #Antarctica #icesheet #warmwater #oceancurrents #ocean #marine #iceshelves #WeddellSea #FilchnerRonneIceShelf #basal #melt #melting #rates #model #modeling #continentalshelf #spatiotemporal #observation #icecover #freshwater #global #sealevel #climatemodels #water #temperature #velocity #seawater #FilchnerTrough #spatialanalysis #oceandynamics

Satellites Reveal Stunningly Detailed Maps Of Earth's Seafloors
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https://www.livescience.com/planet-earth/rivers-oceans/satellites-reveal-stunningly-detailed-maps-of-earths-seafloors <-- shared technical / media article
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https://swot.jpl.nasa.gov/ <-- SWOT home page
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https://doi.org/10.1126/science.ads4472 <-- shared paper
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#GIS #spatial #mapping #remotesensing #satellite #SWOT #NASA #marine #global #tectonics #geology #underwater #structuralgeology #currents #ocean #oceansurface #gravity #hills #volcanoes #tectonicplates #abyssal #ridges #geology #model #seamounts #continentalmargins #oceancurrents #nutrienttransport #seawater #geologichistory #altimetry #gravimetry #VGG #topography #radaraltimetry #global #seafloor #marine

Logarithmic scale of #SeaSalt constituents. Trying to grasp what is in #Seawater and how #Sea #Water #Salt works. #SelfEducated so am I getting this right? #HandDrawn with #dotpict for #Android. #FeedbackWelcome!

License: #CCBY (#CreativeCommons Attribution 4.0 International) vrtxd, Mon 4 Dec 2023. https://dotpict.net/works/5204567

#PixelArt #ConceptArt #DigitalArt #Game #GameDev #LibreCulture #Infographic #Facts #Science #Research #Lab #Earth #Education #Sustainability #Environment #Chemistry #Nature

Predicting The Fate Of Shallow Coastal Ecosystems For The Year 2100
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https://phys.org/news/2023-11-fate-shallow-coastal-ecosystems-year.html <-- shared technical article
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https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pclm.0000298 <-- shared paper
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#GIS #spatial #mapping #sealevelrise #SLR #sealevel #coast #coastalecosystems #climatechange #model #modeling #spatialanalysis #global #spatiotemporal #coral #mangroves #marshes #seagrass #meadows #warming #seawater #microagal #marine #ecosystems #tidal #tidalmarshes #coastaldevelopment #humanimpacts #construction #development #coastalengineering #infrastructure #coastalmanagement #coastalprotection #mitigation #habitat #geomorphology #topobathy #bathymetry