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  1. DATE: May 11, 2026 at 08:00AM
    SOURCE: PSYPOST.ORG

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    TITLE: People with a natural tendency toward greed face a higher risk of gambling problems

    URL: psypost.org/people-with-a-natu

    A recent psychological study suggests that people with a natural tendency toward greed are more likely to participate in gambling and experience negative consequences as a result. The findings indicate that greedy individuals tend to hold distorted beliefs about their chances of winning and their ability to stop playing. This research was published in the journal Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin.

    The authors of the study sought to explore the specific psychological traits that might drive problematic gambling behavior. Joshua Weller, an associate professor in behavioral decision making at the University of Leeds, explained the rationale for the study. “Gambling is incredibly widespread and growing in scope in many countries,” Weller said. “For many people, it’s just entertainment, but for others, it can lead to the experience of real harms, from financial difficulties to impacts on relationships and mental health.”

    Previous research has examined how broad personality traits relate to gambling problems. “A lot of research has focused on well-known personality traits like impulsivity or sensation-seeking,” Weller continued. “What struck us, though, is that one trait that feels very intuitively relevant, greed, hadn’t really been examined in real-world gambling contexts.”

    The authors wanted to look specifically at dispositional greed, which is a personality trait defined by a constant, unquenchable desire for more. “Dispositional greed is essentially the tendency to always want more and feel dissatisfied with what you have,” Weller noted. “This can be felt not only for money and material things, but also non-material entities too like power, status, even social media ‘likes’.”

    The researchers proposed that greedy individuals might be naturally drawn to gambling because it offers a seemingly quick way to acquire more wealth. “It seemed plausible that gambling, which promises the possibility of quick financial gain, might be especially attractive to people high in this trait,” Weller said. “So, we wanted to test the degree to which greed associates with how people gamble, and importantly, whether it’s linked to negative consequences.”

    To investigate these ideas, the researchers conducted two separate studies using large groups of people from different countries. The first study involved a representative sample of 1,118 adults from the Netherlands. Participants completed surveys that measured their levels of dispositional greed and materialism. Materialism is a related concept, but it specifically involves placing high value on buying and owning physical goods.

    The Dutch participants also answered questions about their gambling habits over the previous twelve months. The scientists asked them if they had participated in various types of games, such as lottery draws, scratch cards, sports betting, or casino games. They also completed a standard questionnaire designed to measure negative consequences associated with gambling.

    The results of the first study provided evidence that dispositional greed is linked to broader gambling habits. The authors found that greedier individuals were more likely to engage in multiple different types of gambling activities. This association remained mathematically significant even when the researchers accounted for the participants’ levels of materialism. This suggests that the pure desire for more, rather than just a love of material goods, drives the behavior.

    To get a more comprehensive understanding, the scientists conducted a second study in England, a country with a much larger and more established gambling market. This second study included a final sample of 4,783 adults. Some of these individuals were recruited from the general population, while others were specifically chosen because they had a stated interest in gambling.

    In the second study, participants completed a short questionnaire to measure their dispositional greed. They also answered questions to measure their levels of motor impulsiveness, which is the tendency to act without thinking. The scientists wanted to make sure that greed had a unique effect on gambling, separate from simply being an impulsive person.

    Participants then reported how often they gambled, the types of games they played, and how much money they had spent on gambling in the past fourteen days. To measure negative consequences, the respondents completed a widely used survey that asks people if they have chased their losses, borrowed money to gamble, or felt guilty about their habits. Additionally, the researchers asked the participants who gambled to answer questions about their thought patterns, aiming to measure several cognitive distortions.

    The scientists found that higher levels of dispositional greed were strongly associated with a higher likelihood of gambling. Greedy individuals also tended to play more frequently and participate in a wider variety of gambling activities. In addition, dispositional greed was positively linked to higher scores on the measure of problem gambling severity. This means that greedy individuals were more likely to report negative financial and emotional consequences from their habits.

    Weller noted the unique role of greed in these outcomes. “We were somewhat surprised that greed predicted gambling harm severity beyond impulsiveness,” he said. “Impulsivity is often treated as the central personality driver of risky behaviors like gambling, and greed itself has been linked to impulsiveness in the past. However, our findings suggest greed adds something distinct.”

    The authors suspect that greed provides a distinct motivational push. “While acting quickly or without thinking may be related to gambling, especially in emotionally charged situations, the persistent drive to acquire more and one’s current dissatisfaction with their present condition, may support the drive to gamble as a way to satisfy both,” Weller said.

    When looking at the psychological mechanisms involved, the researchers found that greed was closely tied to flawed ways of thinking. People with higher greed scores reported more positive expectations about gambling, mistakenly believing it would relieve stress or bring them happiness. They also exhibited a higher illusion of control, which is the false belief that personal skill can influence a purely random game of chance.

    Weller summarized the broader implications of these cognitive patterns. “The key takeaway is that gambling behavior isn’t just about luck, being a risk-taker or being impulsive,” he said. “It’s also shaped by deeper motivational traits like greed. We found that people who score higher in dispositional greed are more likely to gamble, to gamble across more activities, and to experience more negative consequences from gambling.”

    The cognitive distortions seem to fuel a harmful cycle. “What’s particularly interesting is how this seems to play out psychologically,” Weller added. “Greedier individuals were more likely to feel confident they’ll win, focus strongly on financial gains and downplay losses, and endorse distorted beliefs about gambling.”

    This specific mindset might make it harder for individuals to walk away from a game. “So, at a broader level, the takeaway isn’t ‘greedy people gamble’,” Weller explained. “It’s that a greedy mindset can make gambling feel more appealing and potentially more difficult to disengage from. That’s important for both individuals and for how we think about prevention and intervention.”

    Regarding the study’s scope, Weller pointed out some constraints. “Yes, there are a few that are avenues for future research,” he said. “First, these are mostly cross-sectional data, so we can’t say that greed causes gambling harms. It’s also possible that gambling experiences reinforce greedy thinking, or that both influence each other over time.”

    The researchers also relied on self-reported survey data. “Second, we asked people to reflect on their gambling experiences and beliefs retrospectively, rather than investigating how greed was associated with actual gambling behavior as it unfolds, as in a casino or whilst making sports bets during a game,” Weller noted.

    Another limitation relates to the types of participants involved. “Third, our samples were from the general population rather than clinical populations,” Weller added. “So, though we do see links with problem gambling indicators, we’re not directly studying diagnosed gambling disorder.”

    Weller also warned against misusing the findings to shame individuals. “I would strongly caution the reader to avoid oversimplifying these results as ‘greed is bad and explains everything,'” he said. “As being ‘greedy’ is typically not viewed in a positive light, socially, placing the individual solely at blame for the experience of negative gambling consequences invites the potential for stigmatizing people experiencing gambling harms.”

    Blaming the individual completely can create harmful barriers to recovery. “While personal factors may indeed account for more negative gambling consequences, it has the potential to square the onus of responsibility on the person experiencing harm,” Weller explained. “In turn, it could potentially lead to increased guilt and shame for these people and decreases in help-seeking when they need it.”

    Finally, the researchers suggest looking at the broader context of gambling addiction. “It also might shift the focus to solely person-level intervention, rather than considering if more effective interventions could be realized at the industry and public policy level,” Weller said. “Greed is one piece of a much bigger puzzle that includes environment, access to gambling, life circumstances, and other psychological factors.”

    The study, “Hungry Ghosts Eat Casino Chips: Associations Between Dispositional Greed and Gambling,” was authored by Joshua Weller, Marcel Zeelenberg, and Barbara Summers.

    URL: psypost.org/people-with-a-natu

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  2. Gambling Disorder: 4 Truths from a Groundbreaking New Study

    Originally Published on January 20th, 2026 at 08:00 am

    When you picture someone with a gambling disorder, a specific image might come to mind. But what if that stereotype is outdated and dangerously incomplete?

    A groundbreaking new study from an innovative program in Madrid called ‘Adcom’ reveals that the digital age is forging a new, more complex, and more hidden type of gambling addict. This research, based on hundreds of individuals who sought help voluntarily. And it challenges our most common assumptions about who is affected and why. 

    This article shares the most impactful and counter-intuitive findings from this research.

    Prepare to see what gambling addiction really looks like today.

    1. It’s Rarely Just About Gambling: The Hidden Mental Health Crisis

    One of the study’s most critical findings is the extremely high rate at which Gambling Disorder co-occurs with other serious mental health conditions.

    This situation, known as “Gambling Dual Disorder (GDD),” suggests that gambling is not an isolated issue. It’s a symptom of a much larger mental health struggle. 

    Among the participants who self-referred for a gambling problem, the numbers were stark: 

    • 57.4% showed evidence of other psychopathological symptoms. 
    • 64.9% experienced significant symptoms of depression.
    • 51.3% were at risk for an anxiety disorder.
    • 37.4% screened positive for ADHD.

    This reframes gambling not as a simple lack of willpower, but as a complex disorder deeply intertwined with a person’s overall mental well-being. To be effective, treatment cannot just focus on the gambling; it must address these co-occurring conditions as well. 

    Gambling Disorder can be defined as “persistent and recurrent problematic gambling that leads to significant impairment or distress”.

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    2. The Digital Divide: Online and Offline People with Gambling Disorder Are Strikingly Different People

    This complex mental health picture becomes even more fragmented when we look at where the gambling happens. A divide that is creating two entirely different profiles of addiction.

    The study revealed significant and clear differences between online gambling versus those who struggled with offline gambling. The most compelling demographic contrasts paint a clear picture: 

    • Age: The average online gambler was 30.6 years old, a full generation younger than the average offline gambler at 43.4 years old.
    • Gender: While men were the majority in both groups, the disparity was much greater online. Only 5.3% of online gamblers were female, compared to 20.5% of offline gamblers.
    • Prior Treatment: Individuals with offline gambling problems were far more likely to have previously sought help for a mental health issue (62.1%) than those with online problems (42.9%). 

    These differences are profound.

    Technology has fractured the landscape of addiction. It’s created a younger, more isolated cohort that is harder to reach.

    The fact that this online group has had significantly less prior contact with mental health services suggests a new, underserved population. A population that may not be captured by traditional outreach and may be less aware of their own underlying conditions.

    More About Gambling Disorder

    3. A Shocking Connection: Gambling Disorder and Compulsive Buying Go Hand-in-Hand

    Perhaps the single most surprising finding was the powerful link between Gambling Disorder and another behavioral addiction: compulsive buying.

    The study found that compulsive buying was a potential problem in an astonishing 85.2% of participants. 

    Breaking this down even further, for 57.7% of the entire group, the existence of a compulsive buying problem was considered “very probable/sure.” 

    This is highly counter-intuitive.

    While both behaviors involve money, they are often viewed as completely separate issues. This powerful correlation is not just a quirky finding. It’s evidence that Gambling Disorder may be part of a broader spectrum of impulse-control disorders rooted in similar neurological pathways. It highlights a shared underlying mechanism related to the brain’s reward system and the cycle of financial distress and emotional coping.

    4. Your Background and Other Vices Can Predict How You Gamble

    The study went beyond simple descriptions to identify factors that could predict whether a person was more likely to struggle with online versus offline gambling. This analysis revealed a complex interplay of cultural factors, lifestyle, and co-occurring disorders that shape a person’s specific addictive behaviors. 

    The research identified several key predictors: 

    • Being born in Spain increased the odds of having an online gambling problem by more than five times.
    • Excessive Internet use nearly tripled the odds of having an online gambling problem.
    • Conversely, having a co-occurring alcohol addiction or an eating disorder significantly reduced the odds of having an online problem, making it far more likely the gambling problem was offline.

    These points reveal that the specific form an addiction takes is not random. It is shaped by a combination of a person’s environment, other behaviors, and personal history.

    Conclusion: A New Call for Awareness of Gambling Disorder

    The message from this research is clear: the digital age has forged a new profile of gambling addiction that is younger, more hidden, and more complex. The old stereotypes simply don’t fit the modern reality. 

    Innovative programs like Adcom, which lower the barriers to seeking help, are not only crucial for providing treatment but also for gathering the vital data needed to truly understand the problem. This new knowledge allows for better prevention, more targeted interventions, and a more compassionate public understanding of a deeply challenging disorder. 

    Knowing that online addiction strikes a younger group with less mental health history, how must we radically change our outreach to find and help this hidden population before it’s too late?

    How do you view gambling disorder after reading this article? Let us know in the comments!

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  3. 5 Hidden Ways the Gambling Industry Engineers Harm

    Originally Published on January 6th, 2026 at 01:54 pm

    Introduction: The Illusion of Choice

    For many, gambling is seen as a form of entertainment, a voluntary activity where personal responsibility is paramount. We’re told to gamble responsibly. But, if things go wrong, the blame is often placed on the individual’s lack of self-control. 

    But what if that entire narrative is a dangerous fiction?

    A new public health study reveals gambling harm is not an unfortunate side effect of a few people’s poor choices. Instead, it is the calculated outcome of a powerful and deliberate “gambling ecosystem” designed to maximize profit at a severe human cost.

    This system operates using tactics that public health experts call the “commercial determinants of health.” The same strategies used by the tobacco and fossil fuel to drive profit by undermining public wellbeing. 

    This post will reveal five of the most impactful insights from the study, exposing the hidden truths of an industry that has mastered the art of engineering harm.

    1. The “Responsible Gambling” Slogan is Designed to Blame YOU

    The familiar phrase “gamble responsibly” is not a genuine public health message but a strategic discourse meticulously promoted by the industry. The primary function of this narrative is to shift the focus, and the blame, onto the individual consumer.

    By framing harm as a personal failing, it deflects attention. It deflects it from:

    • Predatory industry practices
    • Unsafe products
    • A system that profits from addiction

    This blame-shifting has severe consequences, creating a culture of shame that prevents people from seeking help and isolates them when they are most vulnerable. As the study’s authors note: 

    This emphasis on individual responsibility diverts attention from the practices of the industry. It generates stigma and shame for those harmed. It downplays serious harms caused by gambling. Worst of all: it contributes to the suicide toll. 

    This psychological framing is so damaging because it convinces individuals that their suffering is their own fault, making it harder to recognize the external forces at play and seek the support they need. 

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    2. The Gambling Industry’s Goal is For You to “Play to Extinction”

    Behind the glamorous advertising and messages of entertainment lies a stark and chilling internal objective. The study highlights a term used by gambling industry representatives to describe their core aim: “playing to extinction.” 

    This isn’t an exaggeration; it’s the industry’s own vocabulary for its business model:

    “…gambling industry representatives describe their aim is to maximise revenue per available customer (revpac), and encourage ‘playing to extinction’, the point at which a customer has exhausted all available funds.”

    The phrase has a chilling double meaning.

    It refers to the financial extinction of a customer’s funds, but in the context of gambling-related suicide, it acquires a much darker significance.

    The industry’s profit model depends on pushing customers into the exact states of financial ruin and profound despair that are known precursors to suicide. It is a business model that treats human crisis as a key performance indicator. Rather than a tragic crisis.

    3. Products are Engineered to Undermine Your Control

    Modern gambling products, especially digital ones, are not simple games of chance. They have been intentionally intensified with features like:

    • Increased speed
    • High complexity
    • “Frictionless” transactions

    All designed to encourage extended use and bypass a person’s executive function. 

    The industry also employs digital tactics like sludging. Deliberately designing interactions to make it difficult for customers to act in their own best interest. Such as withdrawing funds or closing an account. This tactic also manifests physically. For 15 years, the Australian industry has resisted modern, universal pre-commitment systems that allow users to set binding loss limits. Instead, it has relied on a form of physical sludging: “manual, paper-based self-exclusion” that requires a person to fill out separate forms for every single venue they wish to avoid. 

    Product design also deploys psychological tricks to encourage overspending.

    The study points out that a single ticket in the Australian “Powerball” lottery can be priced as high as AUD$46,249.65. This serves as a psychological anchor. While few would buy it, its existence makes spending smaller—yet still exorbitant—amounts like hundreds or thousands of dollars seem reasonable by comparison.

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    4. “Good Causes” are Used as a Smokescreen

    A common defense of the gambling industry is that it funds worthy causes, from sports teams to community charities. The research argues this is a calculated strategy to create an “‘alibi’ to legitimise gambling operations” and procure a “social license” to operate. 

    This linkage creates a “symbiotic, reflexive relationship” where community groups become financially captured. Reliant on gambling revenue, these beneficiaries become powerful allies in resisting reforms that could threaten their funding, even if those reforms would reduce harm. This insidious dependency creates a powerful barrier to reform. 

    As one researcher observed, the dynamic is inescapable: 

    … at first the lottery was primarily dependent on the good cause and then, gradually, the good cause became increasingly dependent on the lottery. 

    5. The Gambling Industry Distorts Science and Influences Policy

    Like the tobacco and fossil fuel industries before it, the gambling ecosystem actively works to control and distort the scientific evidence base to protect its interests. The study identifies two key tactics: 

    • Funding “safe” research: The industry funds and promotes research focused on the individual, such as the influential “pathways model.” This model frames gambling harm as an artifact of pre-existing conditions like “antisocial personality disorder,” thereby shifting blame from the addictive product to the flawed consumer. 
    • Discrediting effective solutions: The ecosystem publicly casts doubt on proven harm-prevention tools. The paper cites an industry-linked researcher who claimed that universal pre-commitment systems might have a “detrimental effect and may aggravate the problem.” Crucially, the study notes that a subsequent review of the evidence cited for this claim found “no support for this conclusion,” noting the studies had significant “methodological limitations.” This reveals a pattern of distorting weak evidence to undermine effective public health measures. 

    This distortion of science is coupled with political donations and the “revolving door”—where politicians and staff take industry jobs after leaving office—to block or delay meaningful reforms that could save lives.

    Conclusion: Shifting from Individual Blame to Systemic Accountability

    The evidence is clear: gambling harm is not a simple story of poor individual choices. It is the predictable and profitable result of a commercial system meticulously designed to addict users, shift blame, and protect its revenue streams at all costs. From manipulative product design to the distortion of science, the gambling ecosystem functions as a commercial determinant of health, actively generating and sustaining harm. 

    This reframing moves the problem from one of personal responsibility to one of systemic accountability. Seeing the deliberate system that drives these harms, what does real responsibility—from our governments, communities, and the industry itself—truly look like?

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    #behavioralAddiction #commercialDeterminantsOfHealth #darkPatterns #gambling #gamblingAddiction #gamblingHarm #gamblingIndustry #gamblingPolicy #harmReduction #onlineGambling #preCommitmentLimits #predatoryDesign #problemGambling #publicHealth #responsibleGambling #selfExclusion #sludging #sportsBetting #stigmaAndShame #suicidePrevention
  4. Holiday Gambling: Why You Bet Matters More Than How Much

    Originally Published on December 23rd, 2025 at 08:00 am

    The Surprising Psychology of Sports Gambling 

    Are you thinking about placing a little wager on a football game this holiday season? With the rapid growth and normalization of sports gambling across the United States and Canada, betting on a game is more common than ever. But what are the real reasons people gamble?

    Most would assume it’s simply for fun, to make a game more exciting, or for the chance to win money. But what if the most important metric for gambling risk isn’t on a bank statement, but in the unseen emotions driving the bet? 

    A recent study of over 900 sports bettors reveals a more complex picture, uncovering deeper psychological motivations that separate casual fun from problematic behavior. The findings challenge our basic assumptions about gambling risk. This article will break down the five most impactful takeaways from this research, revealing that the “why” behind a bet is far more important than the “how much.” 

    1. Your Reason for Betting Matters More Than How Much You Spend 

    One of the study’s most unexpected findings was the relationship between mental health, betting habits, and gambling problems. The research showed that greater anxiety and depression were strongly linked to the severity of a person’s gambling problems. However, these emotional states were not significantly related to the total amount of money a person spent or the total number of bets they made. 

    This insight reframes how we should think about risk. It’s not just about the financial footprint of betting, but the emotional impetus behind it. 

    According to the study, the true indicator of risk isn’t found in a bettor’s bank statement, but in the emotional state that drives them to bet in the first place. 

    This is a critical distinction. It shifts the focus from a purely financial view of problem gambling to a psychological one, suggesting that the “why” you bet is a more telling sign of risk than the “how much” you spend.

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    2. The Crucial Difference: Gambling for Fun vs. Betting to Escape

    The study identified two key motivations that drive people to bet, each with vastly different outcomes: 

    • Enhancement Motives: Betting to increase positive emotions. This is the classic reason—placing a wager to add to the thrill and enjoyment of watching a game. 
    • Coping Motives: Betting to reduce or escape from negative feelings, such as anxiety, stress, or depression. 

    The results linked to each motive were counter-intuitive.

    This revealed a fascinating paradox: while betting to enhance the fun of a game was linked to placing bets more often, it was simultaneously associated with fewer gambling problems. This suggests a clear psychological dividing line between frequent, low-risk engagement and problematic, high-risk behavior. 

    In stark contrast, betting to cope was the single strongest pathway linking pre-existing anxiety and depression to serious gambling problems.

    Crucially, this connection held true even when the researchers accounted for other potential drivers like betting for social or financial reasons, isolating ‘coping’ as the most dangerous motivation. This finding strongly supports the “emotionally vulnerable pathway” model of problem gambling, where individuals use gambling as a maladaptive strategy to manage emotional distress. 

    3. “In-Play” Gambling Is a Different Beast Entirely

    “In-play” sports betting, defined as making wagers during a live game, has exploded in popularity. The study’s findings on this specific group were stark. Compared to bettors who only place wagers before a game starts (single-event or traditional bettors), in-play bettors reported: 

    • Significantly higher levels of problem gambling.
    • Significantly higher scores for both anxiety and depression.
    • A higher frequency of betting.

    This raises a critical question for researchers: does the high-speed, constant-feedback nature of in-play betting actively create psychological distress, or does it primarily attract individuals already struggling with anxiety and depression who are seeking a powerful distraction? 

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    4. For Sports Bettors, Anxiety and Depression Are Often Intertwined 

    The research observed that in this sample of sports bettors, depression and anxiety were “highly correlated.” In simple terms, participants who scored high on one tended to score high on the other. 

    The researchers noted that this suggests these conditions are more likely to be comorbid—or occur together—in people who bet on sports. The connection was so strong that the effects of anxiety and depression on gambling behaviors often overlapped. This reinforces the concept of a combined “emotional vulnerability” that can fuel problematic gambling, rather than a single, isolated mental health issue.

    5. The Psychological Blueprint Is Surprisingly Consistent Across Genders

    The study also examined differences between men and women, revealing a nuanced picture. On the surface, there were clear differences in behavior and emotional states: 

    • Men engaged in sports betting on significantly more days than women.
    • Women reported significantly higher levels of anxiety, depression, and betting for social and coping reasons.

    Despite these differences in emotional states and motivations, men and women reported statistically similar levels of overall gambling problems. 

    The more profound finding was that despite these surface-level differences, the underlying psychological model was the same for both groups.

    The core pathways showing how anxiety, depression, and motives lead to gambling problems did not differ between men and women. This suggests that when it comes to the fundamental emotional drivers of problem gambling, gender may not change the blueprint. Interventions, therefore, can likely focus on these consistent psychological drivers for everyone. 

    Conclusion

    This research cuts through the noise of wins, losses, and dollar amounts to deliver a clear message:

    Understanding the motivation behind gambling is the key to understanding the risk of it becoming a problem.

    While many people bet to enhance their enjoyment of a sport with few negative consequences, the data points to a clear red flag:

    The strongest pathway to serious gambling problems isn’t rooted in how much money is spent, but in whether the bettor is motivated by a need to cope with or escape from negative emotions. 

    Before placing your next bet, it might be worth asking: am I doing this to enhance my fun, or to escape my feelings?

    Drop a comment and let us know if you were able to identify any motivations you may have for acting out this holiday season.

    Are you a professional looking to stay up-to-date with the latest information on, sex addiction, trauma, and mental health news and research? Or maybe you’re looking for continuing education courses? Then you should stay up-to-date with all of Dr. Jen’s work through her practice’s newsletter!

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    #addictionRecovery #anxietyAndGambling #behavioralAddiction #bettingBehavior #bettingMotives #copingMotives #depressionAndGambling #emotionalVulnerability #enhancementMotives #footballBetting #gamblingDisorder #gamblingEducation #gamblingPsychology #gamblingRiskFactors #harmReduction #holidayFootball #inPlayBetting #liveBetting #mentalHealth #problemGambling #responsibleGambling #selfReflection #sportsBetting #sportsGambling
  5. My new study examines which World Health Organization diagnostic criteria for #gambling and #gaming disorder may play a more central (core) or less central (peripheral) role in high-risk individuals.

    tl;dr: core criteria for both disorders are very similar (with a small difference); 2) the most prominent symptom for both disorders is the experience of significant distress/functional impairments; and 3) although endorsing all criteria is a requirement for diagnosis, not all criteria are made equal.

    Free access from here: doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2025.120

    #gamblingdisorder #gamingdisorder #machinelearning #problemgambling #gamingaddiction